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Os autores declaram que não têm interesses financeiros concorrentes.

Neste relatório, nós descrevemos as técnicas necessárias para o isolamento do sucesso e da cultura do adulto CMs do coração mouse. A nossa técnica permite o estudo subsequente da função LV e excitabilidade utilizando os métodos descritos acima. O parâmetro fundamental para o estudo da funcionalidade do adulto CMs é a saúde ea qualidade do CMs isoladas. Como descrito acima, as nossas técnicas de permitir um elevado rendimento de células funcionais que são susceptíveis a manipulação da expressão de gen...

Modelos murinos de doenças cardiovasculares têm servido como ferramentas eficazes para elucidar os mecanismos fundamentais de doença 1,2, bem como para identificar potenciais alvos terapêuticos 1,3. Em particular, o uso de ambos os modelos de murino de doença cardíaca adquirida (tais como sobrecarga de volume) 4,5 e modelos de ratinhos transgénicos têm avanços na compreensão da doença cardíaca 6-8. A utilização de técnicas de cultura celular para estudar cascatas de sinalização 3,9,10 e alterações em proteínas individuais que estão subjacentes a excitabilidade celular e o acoplamento de excitação-contracção no coração 11-13 ao nível de uma única célula foram complementados os modelos in vivo de ratinho. No entanto, a falta de linhas celulares adequadas que reflectem a estrutura e função de adulto CM tem sido uma limitação significativa. Os investigadores têm tentado ultrapassar esta estudando proteínas individuais, tais como a canais de iões, em sistemas de expressão heterólogos <sup&gt; 14, e, embora estes estudos nos forneceu informações úteis em termos de biofísica canais iônicos ou tráfico de proteína, a representação inadequada do microambiente nativo de CMs é uma limitação significativa. Em segundo lugar, já que a maioria dessas células heterólogas não tem um aparelho contrátil maduro, não foi possível estudar a função contrátil e da complexa interação entre excitabilidade celular e contração. Por esse motivo, os investigadores voltaram-se para as culturas de células cardíacas primárias para muitos dos seus estudos funcionais in vitro. Finalmente, os estudos de cardiomiócitos isolados permitir a avaliação da função contrátil, sem os fatores de confusão de preparação multicelular, incluindo o efeito de cicatriz ou fibrose e orientação das fibras. Cardiomiócitos ventriculares de rato neonatal primárias (NRVMs) são relativamente fáceis de cultura, podem ser infectadas com adenovirus e lentivírus para manipular a expressão do gene 15, umaª Assim, foram utilizadas com sucesso 1, mas têm limitações próprias. Embora eles fornecem um microambiente fisiológico 1 e tem sido o carro-chefe do campo de sinalização, diferenças substanciais entre a morfologia ea organização subcelular de NRVMs e cardiomyoctyes adultos torná-los um modelo inadequado para a investigação de fluxos iônicos e acoplamento excitação-contração no coração de adultos . Mais notavelmente NRVMs falta uma t-tubular subsistema definitiva 4. Desde Ca 2 + fluxo e dinâmica é criticamente dependente maduro t-tubular e retículo sarcoplasmático (RS) estrutura 6, Ca 2 + dinâmica e estudos funcionais da contratilidade cardíaca em NRVMs não são um reflexo preciso desses processos críticos em cardiomiócitos adultos. Além disso, alguns componentes de vias de sinalização diferente entre ratos neonatal e adulto 9, proporcionando assim uma outra limitação para o estudo de processos de doença e sua icompactas na excitabilidade celular e contratilidade em NRVMs. Finalmente, a distribuição da máquina contrátil leva ao encurtamento célula multidireccional e não uniforme, limitando a precisão das medições contrácteis. O uso de cardiomiócitos adultos isolados fornece, portanto, um sistema in vitro de modelagem mais precisa. O crescimento extraordinário do conhecimento tornada possível pela manipulação genética de ratinhos sublinha a importância da obtenção funcionais cardiomiócitos isolados a partir de murganhos. Na verdade, a caracterização dos CMs adultas isoladas de modelos de mouse lançou luz sobre muitos eventos biológicos e patológicos. CMs isoladas a partir de modelos de camundongos transgênicos têm permitido estudos sobre o ganho ou perda de função das proteínas nas propriedades contráteis de células individuais 2,16, e viabilidade em modelos de doenças, como a isquemia / reperfusão 17,18, complementando, assim, informações obtidas a partir de estudos in vivo sobre oratinhos SE. Uso de isolado adulto CMs de modelos murinos de doença cardíaca adquirida 3,19,20 (como sobrecarga de pressão induzida pela constrição da aorta transversa, que a hipertensão imita ou estenose da válvula aórtica) ou exercício 5,21 (para a modelagem de hipertrofia fisiológica) permite a análise da interacção de cascatas de sinalização envolvidos nestes processos com excitabilidade celular e o acoplamento de excitação-contracção ao nível de uma única célula. Além disso, a capacidade de manipular a expressão de genes usando a expressão do gene dirigido adenoviral no adulto CMs nos oferece a oportunidade para dissecar os componentes de vias de sinalização complexas. Do ponto de vista eletrofisiológico, a tensão de célula inteira e experiências atuais sobre grampo isolado adulto CMs foram fundamentais para elucidar a natureza dos fluxos iônicos no início do estudo e em vários estados de doença. Devido à estrutura complexa da membrana celular e a prote diferencialem estruturas de andaimes adulto entre as linhas de células heterólogas CMs e NRVMs ou, a capacidade de corrigir células adultas dá um muito melhor representação dos efeitos de certas proteínas de membrana, proteínas estruturais, e os parceiros de canais iónicos que interagem nos componentes electrofisiológicas do coração de adulto. Apesar de tais vantagens proeminentes no estudo adultos cardiomiócitos murinos, isolar e cultivar cardiomiócitos ratos adultos tem sido um desafio, pedindo que a necessidade de uma descrição sistemática e precisa da metodologia para isolar cardiomiócitos viáveis ​​do mouse e mantê-los na cultura para permitir ainda mais a manipulação genética usando viral vetores. Estudos anteriores já haviam usado tanto agudamente isolado do rato adulto CMs ou culta rato adulto CMs. Estes últimos são mais fáceis de cultura de rato adulto CMs, ea maioria dos experimentos manipulando expressão gênica in vitro têm usado rato adulto CMs. Poucos estudos têm alterado e investigados functi com sucessoa expressão do gene onal em rato adulto CMs, apresentando uma grande limitação no âmbito de experiências. Portanto, aqui apresentamos detalhadamente tais metodologias, modificado a partir de investigações anteriores, para o isolamento 7,8,22, cultura 3,10,15,23, infecção adenovírus 11-13,15, e análise funcional de cardiomyoctyes ventriculares adulto do rato. Este protocolo resulta em isolamento Ca 2 +-tolerantes, cardiomiócitos excitáveis ​​que temos com sucesso cultivadas por até 72 horas e transitoriamente transfectadas com adenovírus. A funcionalidade destas células isoladas pode ser avaliada utilizando o sistema de imagem MMSYS 14,24 e patch-clamp, que também será discutida.

<table border="1">
<tbody>
 <tr>
 <td>Name of 			Reagent/Material</td>
 <td>Company</td>
 <td>Catalog Number</td>
 <td>Comments</td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td>Sodium Chloride</td>
 <td>Sigma</td>
 <td>S7653</td>
 <td></td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td>Potassium Chloride</td>
 <td>Sigma</td>
 <td>P9333</td>
 <td></td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td>Magnesium Chloride</td>
 <td>Sigma</td>
 <td>M8266</td>
 <td></td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td>HEPES</td>
 <td>Sigma</td>
 <td>H3375</td>
 <td></td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td>Sodium Phosphate 			Monobasic</td>
 <td>Sigma</td>
 <td>S8282</td>
 <td></td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td>D-glucose minimum</td>
 <td>Sigma</td>
 <td>G8270</td>
 <td></td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td>Taurine</td>
 <td>Sigma</td>
 <td>T0625</td>
 <td></td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td>2,3-Butanedione 			monoxime</td>
 <td>Sigma</td>
 <td>B0752</td>
 <td></td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td>Collagenase B</td>
 <td>Roche Applied 			Science</td>
 <td>11088807001 </td>
 <td></td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td>Collagenase D</td>
 <td>Roche Applied 			Science</td>
 <td>11088858001 </td>
 <td></td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td>Protease 			XIV from Streptomyces griseus</td>
 <td>Sigma</td>
 <td>P5147</td>
 <td></td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td>Albumin from Bovine 			Serum</td>
 <td>Sigma</td>
 <td>A2153</td>
 <td></td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td>Calcium Chloride</td>
 <td>Sigma</td>
 <td>C8106</td>
 <td></td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td>Minimum Essential 			Media</td>
 <td>Sigma</td>
 <td>51411C</td>
 <td></td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td>Albumin solution 			from bovine serum</td>
 <td>Sigma</td>
 <td>A8412</td>
 <td></td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td>L-glutamine</td>
 <td>Sigma</td>
 <td>G3126</td>
 <td></td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td>Penicillin-Streptomycin</td>
 <td>Sigma</td>
 <td>P4333</td>
 <td></td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td>Insulin-transferrin-sodium 			selenite media supplement</td>
 <td>Sigma</td>
 <td>I1884</td>
 <td></td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td>Cesium Chloride</td>
 <td>Sigma</td>
 <td><a href="http://www.sigmaaldrich.com/catalog/product/sial/289329?lang=en&amp;region=US" target="_blank">289329</a></td>
 <td></td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td>Glutamate</td>
 <td>Sigma</td>
 <td>G3291</td>
 <td></td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td>Adenosine 			5'-triphosphate magnesium salt</td>
 <td>Sigma</td>
 <td>A9187</td>
 <td></td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td>Ethylene 			glycol-bis(2-aminoethylether)-N,N,N',N'-tetraacetic 			acid</td>
 <td>Sigma</td>
 <td>E3889</td>
 <td></td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td>Cesium Hydroxide 			Solution</td>
 <td>Sigma</td>
 <td>232041</td>
 <td></td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td>Tetraethylammonium 			hydroxide solution</td>
 <td>Sigma</td>
 <td>86643</td>
 <td></td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td>OptiVisor optical 			glass binocular 			visor</td>
 <td>Dohegan Optical 			Company Inc.</td>
 <td>N/A</td>
 <td></td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td>Tissue 			forceps, 5.5", 1x2 teeth</td>
 <td>Roboz Scientific</td>
 <td>RS-8164</td>
 <td></td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td>Moloney 			forceps - 4.5" (11.5 cm) long slight curve, serrated </td>
 <td>Roboz Scientific</td>
 <td>RS-8254</td>
 <td></td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td>Dumont 			#3 Forceps, Dumostar, tip size 0.17 x 0.10mm</td>
 <td>Roboz Scientific</td>
 <td>RS-4966</td>
 <td></td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td>Packer 			Mosquito Forceps 5" Straight Flat</td>
 <td>Roboz Scientific</td>
 <td>RS-7114</td>
 <td></td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td>Micro 			Dissecting Scissors 4.5" Curved Sharp/Sharp </td>
 <td>Roboz Scientific</td>
 <td>RS-5917</td>
 <td></td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td>Micro Dissecting Scissors 3.5" Straight Sharp/Sharp20mm</td>
 <td>Roboz Scientific</td>
 <td>RS-5907</td>
 <td></td>
 </tr>
 </tbody>
</table>

isolation, culture, and functional characterization of adult mouse cardiomyoctyes

O uso de cardiomiócitos primários (CMS), em cultura tem proporcionado um complemento poderoso para modelos murinos de doenças do coração em avançar na compreensão de doenças do coração. Em particular, a possibilidade de estudar a homeostase de íons, função canal iônico, excitabilidade celular e acoplamento excitação-contração e suas alterações em condições de doentes e por mutações causadoras de doenças levaram a insights significativos sobre doenças cardíacas. Além disso, a falta de uma linha de células adequada imortalizado para imitar adulto CMs, e as limitações dos CMs neonatal (que não têm muitos da característica biomecânica estrutural e funcional do adulto CMs) na cultura têm dificultado a compreensão da complexa interação entre as vias de sinalização, canais iônicos e propriedades contráteis no coração adulto reforçando a importância do estudo adultos cardiomiócitos isolados. Aqui, apresentamos métodos para o isolamento, a cultura, a manipulação da expressão gênica por adenovírus-expreproteínas sseD, e posterior análise funcional dos cardiomiócitos do rato adulto. O uso destas técnicas irá ajudar a desenvolver uma visão mecanicista em vias de sinalização que regulam a excitabilidade celular, Ca 2 + dinâmica e contratilidade e fornecer uma caracterização muito mais fisiologicamente relevante de doença cardiovascular.

O isolamento dos adultos cardiomyoctyes resultados em células em forma de bastonete, estriados, e quiescentes (não bater espontaneamente) (Figura 5A). As células mortas vão olhar arredondado e sem estrias estarão presentes. As células quiescentes podem ser cultivadas e transfectadas com o adenovírus para manipular a expressão do gene (Figuras 5B e 5C). Após 24 horas de cultura, a morfologia das células vivas não muda, elas ainda são Ca2 +-tolerante,</su...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Isolation, Culture, and Functional Characterization of Adult Mouse Cardiomyoctyes at JoVE.com

Isolation, Culture, and Functional Characterization of Adult Mouse Cardiomyoctyes

Aqui, descrevem o isolamento de cardiomyoctyes ratinho adulto usando um sistema de perfusão de Langendorff. As células resultantes são Ca2 +-tolerantes, electricamente quiescente e podem ser cultivadas e transfectadas com lentivírus para manipular a expressão de genes ou vírus adeno-. A sua funcionalidade, também pode ser analisada utilizando o sistema de MMSYS e técnicas de fixação de membranas.

Isolamento, cultura e caracterização funcional de rato adulto Cardiomyoctyes

The use of primary cardiomyocytes (CMs) in culture has provided a powerful complement to murine models of heart disease in advancing our understanding of ...

isolation-culture-functional-characterization-adult-mouse

Research

JoVE Journal

Biology

24.3K visualizações.  Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School.  Aqui, descrevem o isolamento de cardiomyoctyes ratinho adulto usando um sistema de perfusão de Langendorff. As células resultantes são Ca2 +-tolerantes, electricamente quiescente e podem ser cultivadas e transfectadas com lentivírus para manipular a expressão de genes ou vírus adeno-. A sua funcionalidade, também pode ser analisada utilizando o sistema de MMSYS e técnicas de fixação de membranas. 

Vídeo: Isolation, Culture, and Functional Characterization of Adult Mouse Cardiomyoctyes

Dissection of Hippocampal Dentate Gyrus from Adult Mouse

The hippocampus is one of the most widely studied areas in the brain because of its important functional role in memory processing and learning, its remarkable neuronal cell plasticity, and its involvement in epilepsy, neurodegenerative diseases, and psychiatric disorders. The hippocampus is composed of distinct regions; the dentate gyrus, which comprises mainly granule neurons, and Ammon's horn, which comprises mainly pyramidal neurons, and the two regions are connected by both anatomic and functional circuits. Many different mRNAs and proteins are selectively expressed in the dentate gyrus, and the dentate gyrus is a site of adult neurogenesis; that is, new neurons are continually generated in the adult dentate gyrus. To investigate mRNA and protein expression specific to the dentate gyrus, laser capture microdissection is often used. This method has some limitations, however, such as the need for special apparatuses and complicated handling procedures. In this video-recorded protocol, we demonstrate a dissection technique for removing the dentate gyrus from adult mouse under a stereomicroscope. Dentate gyrus samples prepared using this technique are suitable for any assay, including transcriptomic, proteomic, and cell biology analyses. We confirmed that the dissected tissue is dentate gyrus by conducting real-time PCR of dentate gyrus-specific genes, tryptophan 2,3-dioxygenase (TDO2) and desmoplakin (Dsp), and Ammon's horn enriched genes, Meis-related gene 1b (Mrg1b) and TYRO3 protein tyrosine kinase 3 (Tyro3). The mRNA expressions of TDO2 and Dsp in the dentate gyrus samples were detected at obviously higher levels, whereas Mrg1b and Tyro3 were lower levels, than those in the Ammon's horn samples. To demonstrate the advantage of this method, we performed DNA microarray analysis using samples of whole hippocampus and dentate gyrus. The mRNA expression of TDO2 and Dsp, which are expressed selectively in the dentate gyrus, in the whole hippocampus of alpha-CaMKII+/- mice, exhibited 0.037 and 0.10-fold changes compared to that of wild-type mice, respectively. In the isolated dentate gyrus, however, these expressions exhibited 0.011 and 0.021-fold changes compared to that of wild-type mice, demonstrating that gene expression changes in dentate gyrus can be detected with greater sensitivity. Taken together, this convenient and accurate dissection technique can be reliably used for studies focused on the dentate gyrus.

A dissection technique for removal of the dentate gyrus from adult mouse under a stereomicroscope was demonstrated in this video-recorded protocol.

Dissecção do giro denteado do hipocampo de rato adulto

The hippocampus is one of the most widely studied areas in the brain because of its important functional role in memory processing and learning, its ...

Biologia

Isolation and Culture of Adult Epithelial Stem Cells from Human Skin

The homeostasis of all self-renewing tissues is dependent on adult stem cells. As undifferentiated stem cells undergo asymmetric divisions, they generate daughter cells that retain the stem cell phenotype and transit-amplifying cells (TA cells) that migrate from the stem cell niche, undergo rapid proliferation and terminally differentiate to repopulate the tissue.
Epithelial stem cells have been identified in the epidermis, hair follicle, and intestine as cells with a high in vitro proliferative potential and as slow-cycling label-retaining cells in vivo 1-3. Adult, tissue-specific stem cells are responsible for the regeneration of the tissues in which they reside during normal physiologic turnover as well as during times of stress 4-5. Moreover, stem cells are generally considered to be multi-potent, possessing the capacity to give rise to multiple cell types within the tissue 6. For example, rodent hair follicle stem cells can generate epidermis, sebaceous glands, and hair follicles 7-9. We have shown that stem cells from the human hair follicle bulge region exhibit multi-potentiality 10.
Stem cells have become a valuable tool in biomedical research, due to their utility as an in vitro system for studying developmental biology, differentiation, tumorigenesis and for their possible therapeutic utility. It is likely that adult epithelial stem cells will be useful in the treatment of diseases such as ectodermal dysplasias, monilethrix, Netherton syndrome, Menkes disease, hereditary epidermolysis bullosa and alopecias 11-13. Additionally, other skin problems such as burn wounds, chronic wounds and ulcers will benefit from stem cell related therapies 14,15. Given the potential for reprogramming of adult cells into a pluripotent state (iPS cells)16,17, the readily accessible and expandable adult stem cells in human skin may provide a valuable source of cells for induction and downstream therapy for a wide range of disease including diabetes and Parkinson's disease.

A rapid, robust way of isolating viable adult epithelial stem cells from human skin is described. The method utilizes enzymatic digestion of skin collagen matrix , followed by plucking of hair follicles and isolation of single cell suspensions or tissue fragments for cell culture.

Isolamento e Cultura de Células-Tronco Adultas epitelial da pele humana

The homeostasis of all self-renewing tissues is dependent on adult stem cells. As undifferentiated stem cells undergo asymmetric divisions, they generate ...

Isolation and Culture of Neonatal Mouse Cardiomyocytes

Cultured neonatal cardiomyocytes have long been used to study myofibrillogenesis and myofibrillar functions. Cultured cardiomyocytes allow for easy investigation and manipulation of biochemical pathways, and their effect on the biomechanical properties of spontaneously beating cardiomyocytes.	
The following 2-day protocol describes the isolation and culture of neonatal mouse cardiomyocytes. We show how to easily dissect hearts from neonates, dissociate the cardiac tissue and enrich cardiomyocytes from the cardiac cell-population. We discuss the usage of different enzyme mixes for cell-dissociation, and their effects on cell-viability. The isolated cardiomyocytes can be subsequently used for a variety of morphological, electrophysiological, biochemical, cell-biological or biomechanical assays. We optimized the protocol for robustness and reproducibility, by using only commercially available solutions and enzyme mixes that show little lot-to-lot variability. We also address common problems associated with the isolation and culture of cardiomyocytes, and offer a variety of options for the optimization of isolation and culture conditions.

Primary mouse cardiomyocyte cultures are one of the pivotal tools for the investigation of myofibrillar organization and function. The following protocol describes the isolation and culture of primary cardiomyocytes from neonatal mouse hearts. The resulting cardiomyocyte cultures may be subsequently used for a variety of biomechanical, biochemical and cell-biological assays.

Isolamento e Cultura de Neonatais rato Cardiomyocytes

Cultured neonatal cardiomyocytes have long been used to study  myofibrillogenesis and myofibrillar functions. Cultured cardiomyocytes allow  for easy ...

Isolation and Culture of Dental Epithelial Stem Cells from the Adult Mouse Incisor

Understanding the cellular and molecular mechanisms that underlie tooth regeneration and renewal has become a topic of great interest1-4, and the mouse incisor provides a model for these processes. This remarkable organ grows continuously throughout the animal&#39;s life and generates all the necessary cell types from active pools of adult stem cells housed in the labial (toward the lip) and lingual (toward the tongue) cervical loop (CL) regions. Only the dental stem cells from the labial CL give rise to ameloblasts that generate enamel, the outer covering of teeth, on the labial surface. This asymmetric enamel formation allows abrasion at the incisor tip, and progenitors and stem cells in the proximal incisor ensure that the dental tissues are constantly replenished. The ability to isolate and grow these progenitor or stem cells in vitro allows their expansion and opens doors to numerous experiments not achievable in vivo, such as high throughput testing of potential stem cell regulatory factors. Here, we describe and demonstrate a reliable and consistent method to culture cells from the labial CL of the mouse incisor.

The continuously growing mouse incisor provides a model for studying renewal of dental tissues from dental epithelial stem cells (DESCs). A robust system for consistently and reliably obtaining these cells from the incisor and expanding them in vitro is reported here.

Isolamento e Cultura da Dental epiteliais células-tronco do Adulto Rato Incisivo

Understanding the cellular and molecular mechanisms that underlie tooth regeneration and renewal has become a topic of great interest1-4, and the mouse ...

Isolation and Culture of Adult Mouse Cardiomyocytes for Cell Signaling and in vitro Cardiac Hypertrophy

Technological advances have made genetically modified mice, including transgenic and gene knockout mice, an essential tool in many research fields. Adult cardiomyocytes are widely accepted as a good model for cardiac cellular physiology and pathophysiology, as well as for pharmaceutical intervention. Genetically modified mice preclude the need for complicated cardiomyocyte infection processes to generate the desired genotype, which are inefficient due to cardiomyocytes&#8217; terminal differentiation. Isolation and culture of high quantity and quality functional cardiomyocytes will dramatically benefit cardiovascular research and provide an important tool for cell signaling transduction research and drug development. Here, we describe a well-established method for isolation of adult mouse cardiomyocytes that can be implemented with little training. The mouse heart is excised and cannulated to an isolated heart system, then perfused with a calcium-free and high potassium buffer followed by type II collagenase digestion in Langendorff retrograde perfusion mode. This protocol yields a consistent result for the collection of functional adult mouse cardiomyocytes from a variety of genetically modified mice.

Isolation and Culture of Adult Mouse Cardiomyocytes for Cell Signaling and in vitro Cardiac Hypertrophy

We describe a reliable method for isolation of adult mouse cardiomyocytes. This protocol yields a consistent result for the culture of functional adult cardiomyocytes from a variety of genetically modified mice.

Isolamento e Cultura de rato adulto Cardiomyocytes de sinalização celular e<em&gt; In vitro</em&gt; A hipertrofia cardíaca

Technological advances have made genetically modified mice, including transgenic and gene knockout mice, an essential tool in many research fields. Adult ...

Isolation and Primary Culture of Mouse Aortic Endothelial Cells

The vascular endothelium is essential to normal vascular homeostasis. Its dysfunction participates in various cardiovascular disorders. The mouse is an important model for cardiovascular disease research. This study demonstrates a simple method to isolate and culture endothelial cells from the mouse aorta without any special equipment. To isolate endothelial cells, the thoracic aorta is quickly removed from the mouse body, and the attached adipose tissue and connective tissue are removed from the aorta. The aorta is cut into 1 mm rings. Each aortic ring is opened and seeded onto a growth factor reduced matrix with the endothelium facing down. The segments are cultured in endothelial cell growth medium for about 4 days. The endothelial sprouting starts as early as day 2. The segments are then removed and the cells are cultured continually until they reach confluence. The endothelial cells are harvested using neutral proteinase and cultured in endothelial cell growth medium for another two passages before being used for experiments. Immunofluorescence staining indicated that after the second passage the majority of cells were double positive for Dil-ac-LDL uptake, Lectin binding, and CD31 staining, the typical characteristics of endothelial cells. It is suggested that cells at the second to third passages are suitable for in vitro and in vivo experiments to study the endothelial biology. Our protocol provides an effective means of identifying specific cellular and molecular mechanisms in endothelial cell physiopathology.

The vascular endothelial cells play a significant role in many important cardiovascular disorders. This article describes a simple method to isolate and expand endothelial cells from the mouse aorta without using any special equipment. Our protocol provides an effective means of identifying mechanisms in endothelial cell physiopathology.

Isolamento e cultura primária de células de camundongo aórtica endoteliais

The vascular endothelium is essential to normal vascular homeostasis. Its dysfunction participates in various cardiovascular disorders. The mouse is an ...

Isolation, Culture and Transduction of Adult Mouse Cardiomyocytes

Cultured cardiomyocytes can be used to study cardiomyocyte biology using techniques that are complementary to in vivo systems. For example, the purity and accessibility of in vitro culture enables fine control over biochemical analyses, live imaging, and electrophysiology. Long-term culture of cardiomyocytes offers access to additional experimental approaches that cannot be completed in short term cultures. For example, the in vitro investigation of dedifferentiation, cell cycle re-entry, and cell division has thus far largely been restricted to rat cardiomyocytes, which appear to be more robust in long-term culture. However, the availability of a rich toolset of transgenic mouse lines and well-developed disease models make mouse systems attractive for cardiac research. Although several reports exist of adult mouse cardiomyocyte isolation, few studies demonstrate their long-term culture. Presented here, is a step-by-step method for the isolation and long-term culture of adult mouse cardiomyocytes. First, retrograde Langendorff perfusion is used to efficiently digest the heart with proteases, followed by gravity sedimentation purification. After a period of dedifferentiation following isolation, the cells gradually attach to the culture and can be cultured for weeks. Adenovirus cell lysate is used to efficiently transduce the isolated cardiomyocytes. These methods provide a simple, yet powerful model system to study cardiac biology.

This protocol describes a step-by-step method for the reproducible isolation and long-term culture of adult mouse cardiomyocytes with high yield, purity, and viability.

Isolamento, cultura e Transdução de rato adulto Cardiomyocytes

Cultured cardiomyocytes can be used to study cardiomyocyte biology using techniques that are complementary to in vivo systems. For example, the purity and ...

Methods for the Isolation, Culture, and Functional Characterization of Sinoatrial Node Myocytes from Adult Mice

Sinoatrial node myocytes (SAMs) act as the natural pacemakers of the heart, initiating each heart beat by generating spontaneous action potentials (APs). These pacemaker APs reflect the coordinated activity of numerous membrane currents and intracellular calcium cycling. However the precise mechanisms that drive spontaneous pacemaker activity in SAMs remain elusive. Acutely isolated SAMs are an essential preparation for experiments to dissect the molecular basis of cardiac pacemaking. However, the indistinct anatomy, complex microdissection, and finicky enzymatic digestion conditions have prevented widespread use of acutely isolated SAMs. In addition, methods were not available until recently to permit longer-term culture of SAMs for protein expression studies. Here we provide a step-by-step protocol and video demonstration for the isolation of SAMs from adult mice. A method is also demonstrated for maintaining adult mouse SAMs in vitro and for expression of exogenous proteins via adenoviral infection. Acutely isolated and cultured SAMs prepared via these methods are suitable for a variety of electrophysiological and imaging studies.

Methods are demonstrated for the isolation of sinoatrial node myocytes (SAMs) from adult mice for patch clamp electrophysiology or imaging studies. Isolated cells can be used directly or can be maintained in culture to permit expression of proteins of interest, such as genetically encoded reporters.

Métodos para o isolamento, Cultura e caracterização funcional de SINOATRIAL Nó miócitos de ratos adultos

Sinoatrial node myocytes (SAMs) act as the natural pacemakers of the heart, initiating each heart beat by generating spontaneous action potentials (APs). ...

Isolation and Culture of Primary Mouse Keratinocytes from Neonatal and Adult Mouse Skin

The keratinocyte (KC) is the predominant cell type in the epidermis, the outermost layer of the skin. Epidermal KCs play a critical role in providing skin defense by forming an intact skin barrier against environmental insults, such as UVB irradiation or pathogens, and also by initiating an inflammatory response upon those insults. Here we describe methods to isolate KCs from neonatal mouse skin and from adult mouse tail skin. We also describe culturing conditions using defined growth supplements (dGS) in comparison to chelexed fetal bovine serum (cFBS). Functionally, we show that both neonatal and adult KCs are highly responsive to high calcium-induced terminal differentiation, tight junction formation and stratification. Additionally, cultured adult KCs are susceptible to UVB-triggered cell death and can release large amounts of TNF upon UVB irradiation. Together, the methods described here will be useful to researchers for the setup of in vitro models to study epidermal biology in the neonatal mouse and/or the adult mouse.

Epidermal keratinocytes form a functional skin barrier and are positioned at the front line of host defense against external environmental insults. Here we describe methods for isolation and primary culture of epidermal keratinocytes from neonatal and adult mouse skin, and induction of terminal differentiation and UVB-triggered inflammatory response from keratinocytes.

Isolamento e Cultura de Queratinócitos de Rato Primário de Pele de Rato Neonatal e Adulto

The keratinocyte (KC) is the predominant cell type in the epidermis, the outermost layer of the skin. Epidermal KCs play a critical role in providing skin ...

Isolation, Characterization, and Differentiation of Cardiac Stem Cells from the Adult Mouse Heart

Myocardial infarction (MI) is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality around the world. A major goal of regenerative medicine is to replenish the dead myocardium after MI. Although several strategies have been used to regenerate myocardium, stem cell therapy remains a major approach to replenish the dead myocardium of an MI heart. Accumulating evidence suggests the presence of resident cardiac stem cells (CSCs) in the adult heart and their endocrine and/or paracrine effects on cardiac regeneration. However, CSC isolation and their characterization and differentiation toward myocardial cells, especially cardiomyocytes, remains a technical challenge. In the present study, we provided a simple method for the isolation, characterization, and differentiation of CSCs from the adult mouse heart. Here, we describe a density gradient method for the isolation of CSCs, where the heart is digested by a 0.2% collagenase II solution. To characterize the isolated CSCs, we evaluated the expression of CSCs/cardiac markers Sca-1, NKX2-5, and GATA4, and pluripotency/stemness markers OCT4, SOX2, and Nanog. We also determined the proliferation potential of isolated CSCs by culturing them in a Petri dish and assessing the expression of the proliferation marker Ki-67. For evaluating the differentiation potential of CSCs, we selected seven- to ten-days cultured CSCs. We transferred them to a new plate with a cardiomyocyte differentiation medium. They are incubated in a cell culture incubator for 12 days, while the differentiation medium is changed every three days. The differentiated CSCs express cardiomyocyte-specific markers: actinin and troponin I. Thus, CSCs isolated with this protocol have stemness and cardiac markers, and they have a potential for proliferation and differentiation toward cardiomyocyte lineage.

The overall goal of this article is to standardize the protocol for the isolation, characterization, and differentiation of cardiac stem cells (CSCs) from the adult mouse heart. Here, we describe a density gradient centrifugation method to isolate murine CSCs and elaborated methods for CSC culture, proliferation, and differentiation into cardiomyocytes.

Isolamento, caracterização e diferenciação de células-tronco cardíacas do coração de rato adulto

Myocardial infarction (MI) is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality around the world. A major goal of regenerative medicine is to replenish the dead ...