Name: immunoglobulin g n-glycan analysis by ultra-performance liquid chromatography
Uploaded: 2020-01-18T12:00:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Immunoglobulin G N-Glycan Analysis by Ultra-Performance Liquid Chromatography at JoVE.com

This work was supported by grants from National Natural Science Foundation of China (81673247 &#38; 81872682) and Australian-China Collaborative Grant (NH &#38; MRC - APP1112767 -NSFC 81561128020).

All the subjects included in the protocol have been approved by the Ethics Committee of the Capital Medical University, Beijing, China12. Written informed consent was obtained from each subject at the beginning of the study.
1. IgG isolation
<ol>
	<li>Prepare the chemicals including binding buffer (phosphate buffered saline, PBS): 1x PBS (pH = 7.4), neutralizing buffer: 10x PBS (pH = 6.6-6.8), eluent: 0.1 M formic acid (pH = 2.5), neutralizing solution for eluent: 1 M...

<ol>
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M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Antibody+Glycosylation+and+Inflammation.">Antibody Glycosylation and Inflammation.</a> Antibodies. 2, 392 (2013).</li><li>Gudelj, I., Lauc, G., Pezer, M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Immunoglobulin+G+glycosylation+in+aging+and+diseases.">Immunoglobulin G glycosylation in aging and diseases.</a> Cellular Immunology. 333, 65 (2018).</li><li>Huffman, J. E., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Comparative+performance+of+four+methods+for+high-throughput+glycosylation+analysis+of+immunoglobulin+G+in+genetic+and+epidemiological+research.">Comparative performance of four methods for high-throughput glycosylation analysis of immunoglobulin G in genetic and epidemiological research.</a> Molecular Cellular Proteomics. 13, 1598 (2014).</li><li>Stockmann, H., Adamczyk, B., Hayes, J., Rudd, P. M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Automated,+high-throughput+IgG-antibody+glycoprofiling+platform.">Automated, high-throughput IgG-antibody glycoprofiling platform.</a> Analytical Chemistry. 85, 8841 (2013).</li><li>Kristic, J., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Glycans+are+a+novel+biomarker+of+chronological+and+biological+ages.">Glycans are a novel biomarker of chronological and biological ages.</a> Journals of Gerontology. Series A, Biological Sciences Medical Sciences. 69, 779 (2014).</li><li>Nikolac, P. M., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+association+between+galactosylation+of+immunoglobulin+G+and+body+mass+index.">The association between galactosylation of immunoglobulin G and body mass index.</a> Progress in Neuropsychopharmacology Biological Psychiatry. 48, 20 (2014).</li><li>Liu, D., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+changes+of+immunoglobulin+G+N-glycosylation+in+blood+lipids+and+dyslipidaemia.">The changes of immunoglobulin G N-glycosylation in blood lipids and dyslipidaemia.</a> Journal of Translational Medicine. 16, 235 (2018).</li><li>Lemmers, R., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=IgG+glycan+patterns+are+associated+with+type+2+diabetes+in+independent+European+populations.">IgG glycan patterns are associated with type 2 diabetes in independent European populations.</a> Biochimica Biophysica Acta General Subjects. 1861, 2240 (2017).</li><li>Wang, Y., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+Association+Between+Glycosylation+of+Immunoglobulin+G+and+Hypertension:+A+Multiple+Ethnic+Cross-Sectional+Study.">The Association Between Glycosylation of Immunoglobulin G and Hypertension: A Multiple Ethnic Cross-Sectional Study.</a> Medicine (Baltimore). 95, e3379 (2016).</li><li>Liu, D., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Ischemic+stroke+is+associated+with+the+pro-inflammatory+potential+of+N-glycosylated+immunoglobulin+G.">Ischemic stroke is associated with the pro-inflammatory potential of N-glycosylated immunoglobulin G.</a> Journal of Neuroinflammation. 15, 123 (2018).</li><li>Russell, A. C., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+N-glycosylation+of+immunoglobulin+G+as+a+novel+biomarker+of+Parkinson's+disease.">The N-glycosylation of immunoglobulin G as a novel biomarker of Parkinson's disease.</a> GLYCOBIOLOGY. 27, 501 (2017).</li><li>Bones, J., Mittermayr, S., O'Donoghue, N., Guttman, A., Rudd, P. M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Ultra+performance+liquid+chromatographic+profiling+of+serum+N-glycans+for+fast+and+efficient+identification+of+cancer+associated+alterations+in+glycosylation.">Ultra performance liquid chromatographic profiling of serum N-glycans for fast and efficient identification of cancer associated alterations in glycosylation.</a> Analytical Chemistry. 82, 10208 (2010).</li><li>Pucic, M., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=High+throughput+isolation+and+glycosylation+analysis+of+IgG-variability+and+heritability+of+the+IgG+glycome+in+three+isolated+human+populations.">High throughput isolation and glycosylation analysis of IgG-variability and heritability of the IgG glycome in three isolated human populations.</a> Molecular Cellular Proteomics. 10, M111 (2011).</li><li>Berruex, L. 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UPLC serves as a relative quantitative analysis method5,15. The results indicate that UPLC is a stable detection technology with good reproducibility and relative quantitative accuracy. The amount of glycans in each peak is expressed as a percentage of the total integrated area using UPLC, which is the relative value. The relative quantification improves the comparability of test samples. In addition, 96 well protein G plates are used to purify IgG with 96 sample...

N-glycosylation of human proteins is a common and essential post-translational modification1 and may help predict the occurrence and development of diseases relatively accurately. Due to the complexity of its structure, it is expected that there are more than 5,000 glycan structures, providing great potential as diagnostic and predictive biomarkers for diseases2. N-glycans attached to immunoglobulin G (IgG) have been shown to be essential for IgG&#39;s function, and IgG N-glycosylation participates in the balance between the pro- and anti-inflammatory systems3. Differential IgG N-glycosylation is involved in disease development and progression, representing both a predisposition and functional mechanism involved in disease pathology. The inflammatory role of IgG N-glycosylation has been associated with aging, inflammatory diseases, autoimmune diseases, and cancer4.
With the development of detection technology, the following methods are most widely used in high throughput glycomics: hydrophilic interaction chromatography (HILIC) ultra-performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection (UPLC-FLR), multiplex capillary gel electrophoresis with laser induced fluorescence detection (xCGE-LIF), matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-MS), and liquid chromatography electrospray mass spectrometry (LC-ESI-MS). These methods have overcome previous shortcomings of low flux, unstable results, and poor sensitivity specificity5,6.
UPLC is widely used to explore the association between IgG N-glycosylation and certain diseases (i.e., ageing7, obesity8, dyslipidemia9, type II diabetes10, hypertension11, ischemic stroke12, and Parkinson&#39;s disease13). Compared to the other three abovementioned methods, UPLC has the following advantages5,14. First, it provides a relative quantitative analysis method, and the data analysis that involves total area normalization improves the comparability of each sample. Second, the cost of equipment and required expertise are relatively low, which makes it easier to implement and transform glycosylation biomarkers into clinical applications. Presented here is an introduction to UPLC so it can be more widely used.

<table border="1" fo:keep-together.within-page="1" fo:keep-with-next.within-page="always">
	<tbody>
		<tr>
			<td>2-aminobenzamide, 2-AB</td>
			<td>Sigma, China</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>96-well collection plate</td>
			<td>AXYGEN</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>96-well filter plate</td>
			<td>Pol</td>
			<td>0.45 um GHP</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>96-well monolithic plate</td>
			<td>BIA Separations</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>96-well plate rotor</td>
			<td>Eppendorf Co., Ltd, Germany</td>
			<td>T_1087461900</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Acetic acid</td>
			<td>Sigma, China</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Acetonitrile</td>
			<td>Huihai Keyi Technology Co., Ltd, China</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Ammonium bicarbonate</td>
			<td>Shenggong Biological Engineering Co., Ltd, China</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Ammonium formate</td>
			<td>Beijing Minruida Technology Co., Ltd.</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Constant shaking incubator/rocker</td>
			<td>Zhicheng analytical instrument manufacturing co., Ltd, China</td>
			<td>ZWY-10313</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Dextran Calibration Ladder/Glycopeptide column</td>
			<td>Watts technology Co., Ltd, China</td>
			<td>BEH column</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO)</td>
			<td>Sigma, China</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Disodium phosphate</td>
			<td>Shenggong Biological Engineering Co., Ltd, China</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Electric ovens</td>
			<td>Tester instruments Co., Ltd</td>
			<td>202-2AB</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Empower 3.0</td>
			<td>Waters technology Co., Ltd, America</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Ethanol</td>
			<td>Huihai Keyi Technology Co., Ltd, China</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Formic acid</td>
			<td>Sigma, China</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>GlycoProfile 2-AB Labeling kit</td>
			<td>Sigma, China</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>HCl</td>
			<td>Junrui Biotechnology Co., Ltd, China</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>High-speed centrifuge</td>
			<td>Eppendorf Co., Ltd, Germany</td>
			<td>5430</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Igepal</td>
			<td>Sigma, China</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Low temperature centrifuge</td>
			<td>Eppendorf Co., Ltd, Germany</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Low temperature refrigerator</td>
			<td>Qingdao Haier Co., Ltd</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Manifold 96-well plate</td>
			<td>Watts technology Co., Ltd, China</td>
			<td>186001831</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Methanol</td>
			<td>Huihai Keyi Technology Co., Ltd, China</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Milli-Q pure water meter</td>
			<td>Millipore Co., Ltd, America</td>
			<td>Advantage A10</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>NaOH</td>
			<td>Shenggong Biological Engineering Co., Ltd, China</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>PH tester</td>
			<td>Sartorius Co., Ltd, Germany</td>
			<td>PB-10</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Phosphate buffered saline, PBS</td>
			<td>Shenggong Biological Engineering Co., Ltd, China</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Pipette</td>
			<td>Eppendorf Co., Ltd, Germany</td>
			<td>4672100, 0.5-10&#956;l &#38; 10-100&#956;l &#38; 20-200&#956;l &#38; 1000&#956;l</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>PNGase F enzyme</td>
			<td>Sigma, China</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Potassium dihydrogen phosphate</td>
			<td>Shenggong Biological Engineering Co., Ltd, China</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Propan-2-ol</td>
			<td>Huihai Keyi Technology Co., Ltd, China</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>SDS</td>
			<td>Sigma, China</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Sodium chloride</td>
			<td>Shenggong Biological Engineering Co., Ltd, China</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Sodium cyanoborohydride (NaBH3CN)</td>
			<td>Sigma, China</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Spectrophotometer</td>
			<td>Shanghai Yuanxi instrument Co., Ltd</td>
			<td>B-500</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Transfer liquid gun</td>
			<td>Smer Fell Science and Technology Co., Ltd, China</td>
			<td>4672100</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Tris</td>
			<td>Amresco, America</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Ultra-low temperature refrigerator</td>
			<td>Thermo Co., Ltd, America</td>
			<td>MLT-1386-3-V; MDF-382E</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Ultra-performance liquid chromatography</td>
			<td>Watts technology Co., Ltd, China</td>
			<td>Acquity MLtraPerformance LC</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Vacuum Pump</td>
			<td>Watts technology Co., Ltd, China</td>
			<td>725000604</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Volatilizing machine/Dryer</td>
			<td>Eppendorf Co., Ltd, Germany</td>
			<td>T_1087461900</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Vortex</td>
			<td>Changzhou Enpei instrument Co., Ltd, China</td>
			<td>NP-30S</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Water-bath</td>
			<td>Tester instruments Co., Ltd</td>
			<td>DK-98-IIA</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Weighing balance</td>
			<td>Shanghai Jingke Scientific Instrument Co., Ltd.</td>
			<td>MP200B</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

immunoglobulin g n-glycan analysis by ultra-performance liquid chromatography

Glycomics is a new subspecialty in omics system research that offers significant potential in discovering next-generation biomarkers for disease susceptibility, drug target discovery, and precision medicine. Alternative IgG N-glycans have been reported in several common chronic diseases and suggested to have great potential in clinical applications (i.e., biomarkers for diagnosis and prediction of diseases). IgG N-glycans are widely characterized using the method of hydrophilic interaction chromatography (HILIC) ultra-performance liquid chromatography (UPLC). UPLC is a stable detection technology with good reproducibility and high relative quantitative accuracy. In addition, the structure of IgG N-glycan is clearly separated, and glycan composition and relative abundance in plasma are characterized.

As shown in Figure 1, IgG N-glycans were analyzed into 24 initial IgG glycan peaks (GPs) based on peak position and retention time. The N-glycan structures are available through mass spectrometry detection according to a previous study (Table 1)15. To ensure that the results were comparable, total area normalization was applied, in which the amount of glycans in each peak was expressed as a percentage...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Immunoglobulin G N-Glycan Analysis by Ultra-Performance Liquid Chromatography at JoVE.com

Immunoglobulin G N-Glycan Analysis by Ultra-Performance Liquid Chromatography

Immunoglobulin G (IgG) N-glycan is characterized using hydrophilic interaction chromatography UPLC. In addition, the structure of IgG N-glycan is clearly separated. Presented here is an introduction to this experimental method so that it can be widely used in research settings.

Glycomics is a new subspecialty in omics system research that offers significant potential in discovering next-generation biomarkers for disease ...

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