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Chapter 11

Ethers, Epoxides, Sulfides

Структура и номенклатура эфиров
Структура и номенклатура эфиров
Structure and Bonding Ethers are organic compounds with an ether functional group which is characterized by an oxygen atom connected to two — ...
Физические свойства эфиров
Физические свойства эфиров
Overview An ether molecule has a net dipole moment due to the polarity of C–O bonds. Subsequently, boiling points of ethers are lower than those of ...
Эфиры спиртов: дегидратация спирта и синтез эфиров Вильямсона
Эфиры спиртов: дегидратация спирта и синтез эфиров Вильямсона
Overview Ethers can be prepared from organic compounds by various methods. Some of them are discussed below, Preparation of Ethers by Alcohol Dehydration ...
Эфиры алкенов: добавление спирта и алкоксимеркурация-демеркурация
Эфиры алкенов: добавление спирта и алкоксимеркурация-демеркурация
Overview Ethers can also be prepared from alkenes through acid-catalyzed addition of alcohols and alkoxymercuration–demercuration. Preparation of ...
От эфиров до алкилгалогенидов: кислотное расщепление
От эфиров до алкилгалогенидов: кислотное расщепление
Ethers are generally unreactive and unsuitable for direct nucleophilic substitution reactions since the alkoxy groups are strong bases and, therefore, ...
Автоокисление эфиров до пероксидов и гидропероксидов
Автоокисление эфиров до пероксидов и гидропероксидов
Ethers represent a class of chemical compounds that become more dangerous with prolonged storage because they tend to form explosive peroxides when ...
Эфиры короны
Эфиры короны
Crown ethers are cyclic polyethers that contain multiple oxygen atoms, usually arranged in a regular pattern. The first crown ether was synthesized by ...
Структура и номенклатура эпоксидов
Структура и номенклатура эпоксидов
Cyclic ethers are heterocyclic compounds with an oxygen atom in the ring along with carbon atoms. They are named depending on the number of carbon atoms ...
Приготовление эпоксидов
Приготовление эпоксидов
Overview Epoxides result from alkene oxidation, which can be achieved by a) air, b) peroxy acids, c) hypochlorous acids, and d) halohydrin ...
Эпоксидирование Sharpless
Эпоксидирование Sharpless
The conversion of allylic alcohols into epoxides using the chiral catalyst was discovered by K. Barry Sharpless and is known as Sharpless epoxidation. The ...
Катализируемое кислотой кольцевое раскрытие эпоксидов
Катализируемое кислотой кольцевое раскрытие эпоксидов
Epoxides that are three-membered ring systems are more reactive than other cyclic and acyclic ethers. The high reactivity of epoxides originates from the ...
Катализируемое основаниями кольцевое раскрытие эпоксидов
Катализируемое основаниями кольцевое раскрытие эпоксидов
Due to their highly strained structures, epoxides can readily undergo ring-opening reactions through nucleophilic substitution, either in the presence of ...
Структура и номенклатура тиолов и сульфидов
Структура и номенклатура тиолов и сульфидов
Thiols and sulfides are sulfur analogs of alcohols and ethers, respectively, where the sulfur atom takes the place of the oxygen atom. Thus, thiols are ...
Получение и реакции тиолов
Получение и реакции тиолов
Thiols are prepared using the hydrosulfide anion as a nucleophile in a nucleophilic substitution reaction with alkyl halides. For instance, bromobutane ...
Получение и реакции сульфидов
Получение и реакции сульфидов
Sulfides are the sulfur analog of ethers, just as thiols are the sulfur analog of alcohol. Like ethers, sulfides also consist of two hydrocarbon groups ...
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