Chapter 0
Physics Basics
Введение в скалеры
Many familiar physical quantities can be specified completely by giving a single number and the appropriate unit. For example, "a class period lasts ...
Векторное или перекрестное произведение
Vector multiplication of two vectors yields a vector product, with the magnitude equal to the product of the individual vectors multiplied by the sine of ...
Введение в векторы
To define some physical quantities, there is a need to specify both magnitude as well as direction. For example, when the U.S. Coast Guard dispatches a ...
Единицы измерения и эталоны
A physical quantity is defined either by specifying its measurement method or by stating how it is calculated from other measurements. For example, ...
Точность и прецизионность
Scientists typically make repeated measurements of a quantity to ensure the quality of their findings and to evaluate both the precision and the accuracy ...
Правила значимых фигур
In any measurement, the precision of the measuring tool is an essential factor. An ordinary ruler, for example, can measure length to the closest ...
Случайные и систематические ошибки
Scientists always try their best to record measurements with the utmost accuracy and precision. However, sometimes errors do occur. These errors can be ...
Положение и смещение
The position of an object defines its location relative to a convenient frame of reference at any particular time. A frame of reference is an arbitrary ...
Векторы положения и смещения
To describe the motion of an object, one should first be able to describe its position (where it is at any particular time). More precisely, the position ...
Масса и вес
Mass and weight are often used interchangeably in everyday conversation. For example, medical records often show our weight in kilograms, but never ...
Ускорение под действием силы тяжести на Земле
Newton's second law is closely related to his first law of motion. It mathematically gives the cause-and-effect relationship between force and changes ...
Напряжение
Tension is a force along the length of a medium, in particular, a force carried by a flexible medium, such as a rope or cable. The word "tension" ...
Гравитационная сила
In the years before Newton, a general belief prevailed that different laws governed objects in the sky than objects on Earth. When Kepler wrote down the ...
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