Chapter 1
Scientific Inquiry
Characteristics of Life
Biology is a natural science that studies life and living organisms, including their structure, function, development, interactions, evolution, ...
Levels of Organization
Biological organization is the classification of biological structures, ranging from atoms at the bottom of the hierarchy to the Earth's biosphere. ...
The Scientific Method
The scientific method is a detailed, empirical problem-solving process used by biologists and other scientists. This iterative approach involves ...
Inductive Reasoning
Inductive reasoning is a form of logical thinking that uses related observations to arrive at a general conclusion. It is uncertain and operates in ...
Deductive Reasoning
Deductive reasoning, or deduction, is the type of logic used in hypothesis-based science. In deductive reasoning, the pattern of thinking moves in the ...
Correlation and Causation
Statistical tests can calculate whether there is a relationship, or correlation, between independent and dependent variables. An indirect relationship of ...
Taxonomy
Taxonomy is the science of defining and naming groups of biological organisms based on shared characteristics. It uses a hierarchy of increasingly ...
Phylogeny
Phylogeny is concerned with the evolutionary diversification of organisms or groups of organisms. A group of organisms with a name is called a taxon ...
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