Doktora eğitim bursu T90 DA 022.763 (MA); Yazarlar Uluslararası Beyin Araştırmaları Vakfı Doktora Sonrası Araştırma Bursu (DC) tarafından desteklenen ve NIH hibe R01-EY017699 ve NSF hibe BCS-0.633.281 (SK). Yazarlar, yararlı yorumlar için Randolph Blake minnettarız.

<ol><li>Blake, R., Logothetis, N. K. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=((Visual+competition%5BTitle%5D)+AND+%22Nat.+Rev.+Neurosci%22%5BJournal%5D)">Visual competition.</a> Nat. Rev. Neurosci. 3, 13-21 (2002).</li>
<li>Rees, G. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=((Neuroimaging+of+visual+awareness+in+patients+and+normal+subjects%5BTitle%5D)+AND+%22Curr.+Op.+Neurobiol%22%5BJournal%5D)">Neuroimaging of visual awareness in patients and normal subjects.</a> Curr. Op. Neurobiol. 11, 150-156 (2001).</li>
<li>Bahrami, B., Carmel, D., Walsh, V., Rees, G., Lavie, N. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=((Unconscious+orientation+processing+depends+on+perceptual+load%5BTitle%5D)+AND+%22Journal+of+Vision%22%5BJournal%5D)">Unconscious orientation processing depends on perceptual load.</a> Journal of Vision. 8, 1-10 (2008).</li>
<li>Bahrami, B., Carmel, D., Walsh, V., Rees, G., Lavie, N. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=((Spatial+attention+can+modulate+unconscious+orientation+processing%5BTitle%5D)+AND+%22Perception%22%5BJournal%5D)">Spatial attention can modulate unconscious orientation processing.</a> Perception. 37, 1520-1528 (2008).</li>
<li>Carmel, D., Walsh, V., Lavie, N., Rees, G. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=((Right+parietal+TMS+shortens+dominance+durations+in+binocular+rivalry%5BTitle%5D)+AND+%22Current+Biology%22%5BJournal%5D)">Right parietal TMS shortens dominance durations in binocular rivalry.</a> Current Biology. , Forthcoming Forthcoming.</li>
<li>Schurger, A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=((A+very+inexpensive+MRI-compatible+method+for+dichoptic+visual+stimulation%5BTitle%5D)+AND+%22J.+Neurosci.+Methods%22%5BJournal%5D)">A very inexpensive MRI-compatible method for dichoptic visual stimulation.</a> J. Neurosci. Methods. 177, 199-202 (2009).</li>
<li>Tong, F., Nakayama, K., Vaughn, J. T., Kanwisher, N. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=((Binocular+rivalry+and+visual+awareness+in+human+extrastriate+cortex%5BTitle%5D)+AND+%22Neuron%22%5BJournal%5D)">Binocular rivalry and visual awareness in human extrastriate cortex.</a> Neuron. 21, 753-759 (1998).</li>
<li>Kovacs, I., Papathomas, T. V., Ming, Y., Feher, A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=((When+the+brain+changes+its+mind%3A+interocular+grouping+during+binocular+rivalry%5BTitle%5D)+AND+%22Proc.+Natl.+Acad.+Sci.+USA%22%5BJournal%5D)">When the brain changes its mind: interocular grouping during binocular rivalry.</a> Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 93, 15508-15511 (1996).</li>
<li>Blake, R. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=((A+primer+on+binocular+rivalry%2C+including+current+controversies%5BTitle%5D)+AND+%22Brain+and+Mind%22%5BJournal%5D)">A primer on binocular rivalry, including current controversies.</a> Brain and Mind. 2, 5-38 (2001).</li>
<li>Cowey, A., Stoerig, P. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=((The+neurobiology+of+blindsight%5BTitle%5D)+AND+%22Trends+Neurosci%22%5BJournal%5D)">The neurobiology of blindsight.</a> Trends Neurosci. 14, 140-145 (1991).</li>
<li>Nasrallah, M., Carmel, D., Lavie, N. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=((Murder+she+wrote%3A+enhanced+sensitivity+to+negative+word+valence%5BTitle%5D)+AND+%22Emotion%22%5BJournal%5D)">Murder she wrote: enhanced sensitivity to negative word valence.</a> Emotion. 9, 609-618 (2009).</li>
<li>Persaud, N., McLeod, P., Cowey, A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=((Post-decision+wagering+objectively+measures+awareness%5BTitle%5D)+AND+%22Nat+Neurosci%22%5BJournal%5D)">Post-decision wagering objectively measures awareness.</a> Nat Neurosci. 10, 257-261 (2007).</li>
<li>Tsuchiya, N., Koch, C. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=((Continuous+flash+suppression+reduces+negative+afterimages%5BTitle%5D)+AND+%22Nat.+Neurosci%22%5BJournal%5D)">Continuous flash suppression reduces negative afterimages.</a> Nat. Neurosci. 8, 1096-1101 (2005).</li>
<li>Bahrami, B., Lavie, N., Rees, G. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=((Attentional+Load+Modulates+Responses+of+Human+Primary+Visual+Cortex+to+Invisible+Stimuli%5BTitle%5D)+AND+%22Curr.+Biol%22%5BJournal%5D)">Attentional Load Modulates Responses of Human Primary Visual Cortex to Invisible Stimuli.</a> Curr. Biol. 17, 509-513 (2007).</li>
<li>Wilson, H. R., Blake, R., Lee, S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=((Dynamics+of+travelling+waves+in+visual+perception%5BTitle%5D)+AND+%22Nature%22%5BJournal%5D)">Dynamics of travelling waves in visual perception.</a> Nature. 412, 907-910 (2001).</li>
<li>Meng, M., Tong, F. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=((Can+attention+selectively+bias+bistable+perception%3F+Differences+between+binocular+rivalry+and+ambiguous+figures%5BTitle%5D)+AND+%22Journal+of+Vision%22%5BJournal%5D)">Can attention selectively bias bistable perception? Differences between binocular rivalry and ambiguous figures.</a> Journal of Vision. 4, 539-551 (2004).</li>
</ol>

Biz yaratmak için dürbün rekabetin doğası, çeşitli yöntemler tarif ve kullanıldığı ne hususlar dikkate alınmalıdır. Giriş bölümünde ayrıntılı olarak açıklandığı gibi, binoküler rekabet uygun kullanımı deneysel farkındalık lokus (veya lokusların), algısal seçimi ve bilinçsiz işleme ile ilgili soruları yanıtlamak için mümkün kılar. Ancak, düzgün bir şekilde böyle bir soruşturma yürütmek için, bir istikrarlı yön Batı korumanın önemi gibi konularda farkında olmalı ve bilinçsiz işleme, tam bastırma verim olasılığı görüntüler kullanarak gerekliliğini araştıran. Rekabet yaratmak amacıyla kullanmak için hangi yöntemi seçerken, her yöntemin avantaj ve dezavantajları göz önüne almak önemlidir. Bir çok renkli uyaranlara kullanarak ilgi ise hiçbir noktasında kırmızı-mavi gözlük kullanarak, örneğin, ama diğer yandan, bu yöntem muhtemelen bir MRI tarayıcısı kullanmak için en kolay yoldur. Benzer şekilde, bir ayna Stereoskop ayrı görüntüler ilgili retina yerlerde düştüğü sağlamak çok güvenilir bir şekilde, ama her bir gözlemci ve bir MRI tarayıcısı Stereoskop koyarak katılan teknik zorluklar için gerekli bireysel ayarlamalar bazıları için bu yöntem daha az çekici hale gelebilir çalışmaları. Son olarak, uygun bağımlı önlemlerin istihdam için binoküler rekabet deneyim özelliklerinin farkında olmak önemlidir. Araştırma sorusuna katılımcıların bastırılmış görüntü gerçekten habersiz olduğunu bilinçsiz işleme, bağımsız doğrulama ile ilgili esastır. Ve önemli olabilir; bir deneysel bir manipülasyon egemenlik ve bastırma süreleri nasıl etkilediğini ilgilenen, bunun yerine sadece bir merkezi eğilim ölçüsü gibi ortalama ya da medyan daha süreler (gama-şekilli) dağıtım incelemek daha aydınlatıcı olabilir gözlemci, keskin ya da yavaş yavaş hakimiyeti (parça parça ya da dalga gibi) geçişleri yaşayıp yaşamadıklarını tespit etmek. Biz bu ilgi çekici fenomen istihdam ilgilenen araştırmacılar, bu girişten yararlı bulacağını umuyoruz.

<table><tbody><tr><td>Mirror stereoscope</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Prism goggles</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Red-blue or red-green cellophane goggles</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Computer monitor (optional)</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr></tbody></table>

how to create and use binocular rivalry

Her gözleri normalde çevremizdeki dünya biraz daha farklı bir görüntü görür. Beyin bu iki görüntü tek bir tutarlı temsil birleştirebilirsiniz. Ancak, gözlerini birbirlerinden yeterince farklı görüntüler ile sunulmaktadır, ilginç bir şey olur: Aksine bir kombine bilinçli algı içine eritme iki görüntü daha ne transpires bir görüntü bilinci hakim algısal ardalanmasından bir model diğer bastırılır, iki resim, tipik olarak bir kaç saniye arasında dönüşümlü hakimiyeti. Bu algısal fenomen binoküler rekabet olarak bilinir. Her bir göz için değişmeyen görsel giriş görsel bilinç ve algı ardalanmasından yol açar Binoküler rekabet nedeniyle, algısal seçimi ve insan hem de hayvan modelleri konusunda farkındalık eğitimi için faydalı olarak kabul edilir. Bir dürbün rekabet uyaran oluşturmak için gerekli olduğunu, algılanan aynı yerde farklı bir görüntü ile her bir göz sunmaktır. Bunu yapmanın çeşitli yolları vardır, ancak çoğu zaman bu alana yeni gelenler kendi özel ihtiyaçlarına en uygun hangi yöntemi emin. Bu makalenin amacı, binoküler rekabet oluşturmak ve kullanmak için ucuz ve basit bir şekilde bir dizi tanımlamak için. Biz, ayrıntılı pahalı özel ekipman gerektirmez ve her yöntemin avantaj ve dezavantajlarını tarif yöntemleri. Açıklanan yöntemler, kırmızı-mavi gözlük, ayna stereoscopes ve prizma gözlük kullanımını içerir.

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about How to Create and Use Binocular Rivalry at JoVE.com

How to Create and Use Binocular Rivalry

Gözleri aynı yerde farklı görüntüleri ile sunulmaktadır Binoküler rekabet oluşur: bir görüntü hakim, diğer bastırılır ve periyodik hakimiyeti dönüşümlü. Rekabeti algısal seçimi ve görsel farkındalık araştırmak için yararlıdır. İşte biz, binoküler rekabet uyaranlara yaratmak ve kullanmak için çok kolay yöntemler açıklanmaktadır.

Binoküler Rekabeti nasıl oluşturun ve kullanın

Each of our eyes normally sees a slightly different image of the world around us. The brain can combine these two images into a single coherent ...

Research

JoVE Journal

Neuroscience

75.3K Görüntüleme.  New York University. Gözleri aynı yerde farklı görüntüleri ile sunulmaktadır Binoküler rekabet oluşur: bir görüntü hakim, diğer bastırılır ve periyodik hakimiyeti dönüşümlü. Rekabeti algısal seçimi ve görsel farkındalık araştırmak için yararlıdır. İşte biz, binoküler rekabet uyaranlara yaratmak ve kullanmak için çok kolay yöntemler açıklanmaktadır.

Video: How to Create and Use Binocular Rivalry

How to Build a Laser Speckle Contrast Imaging (LSCI) System to Monitor Blood Flow

Laser Speckle Contrast Imaging (LSCI) is a simple yet powerful technique that is used for full-field imaging of blood flow. The technique analyzes fluctuations in a dynamic speckle pattern to detect the movement of particles similar to how laser Doppler analyzes frequency shifts to determine particle speed. Because it can be used to monitor the movement of red blood cells, LSCI has become a popular tool for measuring blood flow in tissues such as the retina, skin, and brain. It has become especially useful in neuroscience where blood flow changes during physiological events like functional activation, stroke, and spreading depolarization can be quantified. LSCI is also attractive because it provides excellent spatial and temporal resolution while using inexpensive instrumentation that can easily be combined with other imaging modalities. Here we show how to build a LSCI setup and demonstrate its ability to monitor blood flow changes in the brain during an animal experiment.

How to Build a Laser Speckle Contrast Imaging LSCI System to Monitor Blood Flow

This video demonstrates how to build a Laser Speckle Contrast Imaging (LSCI) system that can easily be used to monitor blood flow.

Lazer nasıl oluşturun Kan Akış Monitör Kontrast Görüntüleme (LSCI) Sistem speckle

Laser Speckle Contrast Imaging (LSCI) is a simple yet powerful technique that is used for full-field imaging of blood flow.  The technique analyzes ...

Nörobilim

VisualEyes: A Modular Software System for Oculomotor Experimentation

Eye movement studies have provided a strong foundation forming an understanding of how the brain acquires visual information in both the normal and dysfunctional brain.1 However, development of a platform to stimulate and store eye movements can require substantial programming, time and costs. Many systems do not offer the flexibility to program numerous stimuli for a variety of experimental needs. However, the VisualEyes System has a flexible architecture, allowing the operator to choose any background and foreground stimulus, program one or two screens for tandem or opposing eye movements and stimulate the left and right eye independently. This system can significantly reduce the programming development time needed to conduct an oculomotor study. The VisualEyes System will be discussed in three parts: 1) the oculomotor recording device to acquire eye movement responses, 2) the VisualEyes software written in LabView, to generate an array of stimuli and store responses as text files and 3) offline data analysis. Eye movements can be recorded by several types of instrumentation such as: a limbus tracking system, a sclera search coil, or a video image system. Typical eye movement stimuli such as saccadic steps, vergent ramps and vergent steps with the corresponding responses will be shown. In this video report, we demonstrate the flexibility of a system to create numerous visual stimuli and record eye movements that can be utilized by basic scientists and clinicians to study healthy as well as clinical populations.

Neural control and cognitive processes can be studied through eye movements. The VisualEyes software allows an operator to program stimuli on two computer screens independently using a simple, custom scripting language. The system can stimulate tandem eye movements (saccades and smooth pursuit) or opposing eye movements (vergence) or any combination.

VisualEyes: Okülomotor Deney için Modüler Yazılım Sistemi

Eye movement studies have provided a strong foundation forming an understanding of how the brain acquires visual information in both the normal and ...

The Measurement and Treatment of Suppression in Amblyopia

Amblyopia, a developmental disorder of the visual cortex, is one of the leading causes of visual dysfunction in the working age population. Current estimates put the prevalence of amblyopia at approximately 1-3%1-3, the majority of cases being monocular2. Amblyopia is most frequently caused by ocular misalignment (strabismus), blur induced by unequal refractive error (anisometropia), and in some cases by form deprivation.
Although amblyopia is initially caused by abnormal visual input in infancy, once established, the visual deficit often remains when normal visual input has been restored using surgery and/or refractive correction. This is because amblyopia is the result of abnormal visual cortex development rather than a problem with the amblyopic eye itself4,5 . Amblyopia is characterized by both monocular and binocular deficits6,7 which include impaired visual acuity and poor or absent stereopsis respectively. The visual dysfunction in amblyopia is often associated with a strong suppression of the inputs from the amblyopic eye under binocular viewing conditions8. Recent work has indicated that suppression may play a central role in both the monocular and binocular deficits associated with amblyopia9,10 .
Current clinical tests for suppression tend to verify the presence or absence of suppression rather than giving a quantitative measurement of the degree of suppression. Here we describe a technique for measuring amblyopic suppression with a compact, portable device11,12 . The device consists of a laptop computer connected to a pair of virtual reality goggles. The novelty of the technique lies in the way we present visual stimuli to measure suppression. Stimuli are shown to the amblyopic eye at high contrast while the contrast of the stimuli shown to the non-amblyopic eye are varied. Patients perform a simple signal/noise task that allows for a precise measurement of the strength of excitatory binocular interactions. The contrast offset at which neither eye has a performance advantage is a measure of the "balance point" and is a direct measure of suppression. This technique has been validated psychophysically both in control13,14 and patient6,9,11 populations.
In addition to measuring suppression this technique also forms the basis of a novel form of treatment to decrease suppression over time and improve binocular and often monocular function in adult patients with amblyopia12,15,16 . This new treatment approach can be deployed either on the goggle system described above or on a specially modified iPod touch device15.

Amblyopia is a developmental disorder of the visual cortex that is often accompanied by strong suppression of one eye. We present a new technique for measuring and treating interocular suppression in patients with amblyopia that can be deployed using virtual reality goggles or a portable iPod Touch device.

Ambliyopi içinde Bastırma Ölçme ve Tedavisi

Amblyopia, a developmental disorder of the visual cortex, is one of the leading causes of visual dysfunction in the working age population. Current ...

Tıp

How to Build a Dichoptic Presentation System That Includes an Eye Tracker

The presentation of different stimuli to the two eyes, dichoptic presentation, is essential for studies involving 3D vision and interocular suppression. There is a growing literature on the unique experimental value of pupillary and oculomotor measures, especially for research on interocular suppression. Although obtaining eye-tracking measures would thus benefit studies that use dichoptic presentation, the hardware essential for dichoptic presentation (e.g. mirrors) often interferes with high-quality eye tracking, especially when using a video-based eye tracker. We recently described an experimental setup that combines a standard dichoptic presentation system with an infrared eye tracker by using infrared-transparent mirrors1. The setup is compatible with standard monitors and eye trackers, easy to implement, and affordable (on the order of US$1,000). Relative to existing methods it has the benefits of not requiring special equipment and posing few limits on the nature and quality of the visual stimulus. Here we provide a visual guide to the construction and use of our setup.

We recently proposed a method that allows dichoptic visual stimulus presentation and binocular eye tracking simultaneously1. The key is the combination of an infrared eye tracker and the corresponding infrared-transparent mirrors. This manuscript provides an in depth protocol for initial setup and everyday operation.

Nasıl bir göz izci içerir bir Dichoptic sunum sistemi kurmak için

The presentation of different stimuli to the two eyes, dichoptic presentation, is essential for studies involving 3D vision and interocular suppression. ...

Davranış

Assessing Binocular Central Visual Field and Binocular Eye Movements in a Dichoptic Viewing Condition

Macular degeneration typically results in heterogeneous binocular central visual defects. Currently available approaches to assess central visual field, like the microperimetry, can test only one eye at a time. Therefore, they cannot explain how the defects in each eye affect the binocular interaction and real-world function. Dichoptic stimulus presentation with a gaze-controlled system could provide a reliable measure of monocular/binocular visual fields. However, dichoptic stimulus presentation and simultaneous eye-tracking are challenging because optical devices of instruments that present stimulus dichoptically (e.g., haploscope) always interfere with eye-trackers (e.g., infrared video-based eye-trackers). Therefore, the goals were 1) to develop a method for dichoptic stimulus presentation with simultaneous eye-tracking, using 3D-shutter glasses and 3D-ready monitors, that is not affected by interference and 2) to use this method to develop a protocol for assessing central visual field in subjects with central vision loss. The results showed that this setup provides a practical solution for reliably measuring eye-movements in dichoptic viewing condition. In addition, it was also demonstrated that this method can assess gaze-controlled binocular central visual field in subjects with central vision loss.

Presented here is a protocol for assessing binocular eye movements and gaze-controlled central visual field screening in participants with central vision loss.

Dürbün Merkezi Görme Alanının ve Dürbün Göz Hareketlerinin İkiTik Görüntüleme Durumunda Değerlendirilmesi

Macular degeneration typically results in heterogeneous binocular central visual defects. Currently available approaches to assess central visual field, ...

Monocular Visual Deprivation and Ocular Dominance Plasticity Measurement in the Mouse Primary Visual Cortex

Monocular visual deprivation is an excellent experimental paradigm to induce primary visual cortical response plasticity. In general, the response of the cortex to the contralateral eye to a stimulus is much stronger than the response of the ipsilateral eye in the binocular segment of the mouse primary visual cortex (V1). During the mammalian critical period, suturing the contralateral eye will result in a rapid loss of responsiveness of V1 cells to contralateral eye stimulation. With the continuing development of transgenic technologies, more and more studies are using transgenic mice as experimental models to examine the effects of specific genes on ocular dominance (OD) plasticity. In this study, we introduce detailed protocols for monocular visual deprivation and calculate the change in OD plasticity in mouse V1. After monocular deprivation (MD) for 4 days during the critical period, the orientation tuning curves of each neuron are measured, and the tuning curves of layer four neurons in V1 are compared between stimulation of the ipsilateral and contralateral eyes. The contralateral bias index (CBI) can be calculated using each cell&#39;s ocular OD score to indicate the degree of OD plasticity. This experimental technique is important for studying the neural mechanisms of OD plasticity during the critical period and for surveying the roles of specific genes in neural development. The major limitation is that the acute study cannot investigate the change in neural plasticity of the same mouse at a different time.

Here, we present detailed protocols for monocular visual deprivation and ocular dominance plasticity analysis, which are important methods for studying the neural mechanisms of visual plasticity during the critical period and the effects of specific genes on visual development.

Fare Birincil Görsel Kortekste Monoküler Görme Yoksunluğu ve Oküler Baskınlık Plastisite Ölçümü

Monocular visual deprivation is an excellent experimental paradigm to induce primary visual cortical response plasticity. In general, the response of the ...

Gelişim Biyolojisi

Farelerde Optokinetik Refleks Tepkilerinin Değerlendirilmesi: Yeni Bir Yüksek Hassasiyetli Protokol

Quantification of Visual Feature Selectivity of the Optokinetic Reflex in Mice

The optokinetic reflex (OKR) is an essential innate eye movement that is triggered by the global motion of the visual environment and serves to stabilize retinal images. Due to its importance and robustness, the OKR has been used to study visual-motor learning and to evaluate the visual functions of mice with different genetic backgrounds, ages, and drug treatments. Here, we introduce a procedure for evaluating OKR responses of head-fixed mice with high accuracy. Head fixation can rule out the contribution of vestibular stimulation on eye movements, making it possible to measure eye movements triggered only by visual motion. The OKR is elicited by a virtual drum system, in which a vertical grating presented on three computer monitors drifts horizontally in an oscillatory manner or unidirectionally at a constant velocity. With this virtual reality system, we can systematically change visual parameters like spatial frequency, temporal/oscillation frequency, contrast, luminance, and the direction of gratings, and quantify tuning curves of visual feature selectivity. High-speed infrared video-oculography ensures accurate measurement of the trajectory of eye movements. The eyes of individual mice are calibrated to provide opportunities to compare the OKRs between animals of different ages, genders, and genetic backgrounds. The quantitative power of this technique allows it to detect changes in the OKR when this behavior plastically adapts due to aging, sensory experience, or motor learning; thus, it makes this technique a valuable addition to the repertoire of tools used to investigate the plasticity of ocular behaviors.

Yazar Spotlight: Farelerde optokinetik refleksin görsel özellik seçiciliğini incelemek için doğru ve nicel bir yaklaşım 

Here, we describe a standard protocol for quantifying the optokinetic reflex. It combines virtual drum stimulation and video-oculography, and thus allows precise evaluation of the feature selectivity of the behavior and its adaptive plasticity.

Farelerde Optokinetik Refleksin Görsel Özellik Seçiciliğinin Ölçülmesi

The optokinetic reflex (OKR) is an essential innate eye movement that is triggered by the global motion of the visual environment and serves to stabilize ...

<meta charset="utf8"></head><body> Tek Taraflı Ambliyopide Stereopsisin Değerlendirilmesi: Karşılaştırmalı Bir Çalışma

Comparison of Three Clinical Stereoscopic Methods for Measuring Binocular Visual Function During Amblyopic Treatment in Unilateral Amblyopia

This study aimed to compare the measuring stereopsis results of unilateral amblyopia during amblyopic treatment by employing some of the most widely used clinical tests. Thirty-four individuals with previously untreated unilateral amblyopia, aged 8.4 &#177; 2.7 years, were included in the study. Monocular (best corrected visual acuity [BCVA] at distance) and binocular (including Titmus, Random-dot, and Frisby stereopsis) visual functions were measured at baseline and 2-month and 6-month visits after synthetical treatment.
We found that Titmus stereopsis was always significantly better than Random-dot stereopsis (p &#60; 0.001). Frisby stereopsis was also always significantly better than Random-dot stereopsis (p &#60; 0.001). However, there was no significant difference between Titmus stereopsis and Frisby stereopsis (p = 0.562). However, interestingly, there was no significant difference in the mean improvement of the three stereopsis methods from baseline to the 2-month visit, F = 1.158, p = 0.318.
Similarly, a significant difference was also lacking in the mean improvement of the three stereopsis methods from baseline to the 6-month visit, F = 0.302, p = 0.740. We conclude that there will be different results obtained from different stereopsis measuring methods used to measure amblyopia in patients. We recommend performing at least two types of stereoscopic measurements to evaluate each case of amblyopia. However, for observing therapeutic effects, each measurement method has the same performance for clinical results during amblyopic treatment.

<meta charset="utf8"></head><body>Tek Taraflı Ambliyopide Ambliyopik Tedavi Sırasında Binoküler Görme Fonksiyonunun Ölçülmesi için Üç Klinik Stereoskopik Yöntemin Karşılaştırılması

Here, we present three common stereopsis measurement methods to measure patients with amblyopia and the comparison of the efficacy of different methods.

Tek Taraflı Ambliyopide Ambliyopik Tedavi Sırasında Binoküler Görme Fonksiyonunun Ölçülmesi için Üç Klinik Stereoskopik Yöntemin Karşılaştırılması

This study aimed to compare the measuring stereopsis results of unilateral amblyopia during amblyopic treatment by employing some of the most widely used ...

Binoküler Rekabeti nasıl oluşturun ve kullanın

Özet

Daha Fazla Video Keşfet

Lazer nasıl oluşturun Kan Akış Monitör Kontrast Görüntüleme (LSCI) Sistem speckle

VisualEyes: Okülomotor Deney için Modüler Yazılım Sistemi

Ambliyopi içinde Bastırma Ölçme ve Tedavisi

Nasıl bir göz izci içerir bir Dichoptic sunum sistemi kurmak için

Dürbün Merkezi Görme Alanının ve Dürbün Göz Hareketlerinin İkiTik Görüntüleme Durumunda Değerlendirilmesi

Fare Birincil Görsel Kortekste Monoküler Görme Yoksunluğu ve Oküler Baskınlık Plastisite Ölçümü

Farelerde Optokinetik Refleksin Görsel Özellik Seçiciliğinin Ölçülmesi

Farelerde Optokinetik Refleksin Görsel Özellik Seçiciliğinin Ölçülmesi

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Tek Taraflı Ambliyopide Ambliyopik Tedavi Sırasında Binoküler Görme Fonksiyonunun Ölçülmesi için Üç Klinik Stereoskopik Yöntemin Karşılaştırılması