박사 교육 부여 T90 DA 022,763 (MA), 저자는 국제 뇌 학술 진흥 재단 박사 과정 이수 원정대 (DC)에서 지원하고 NIH 그랜트 R01 - EY017699 및 NSF 그랜트 BCS - 0633281 (SK). 저자는 유용한 덧글에 대한 랜돌프 블레이 크에게 감사하고 있습니다.

<ol><li>Blake, R., Logothetis, N. K. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=((Visual+competition%5BTitle%5D)+AND+%22Nat.+Rev.+Neurosci%22%5BJournal%5D)">Visual competition.</a> Nat. Rev. Neurosci. 3, 13-21 (2002).</li>
<li>Rees, G. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=((Neuroimaging+of+visual+awareness+in+patients+and+normal+subjects%5BTitle%5D)+AND+%22Curr.+Op.+Neurobiol%22%5BJournal%5D)">Neuroimaging of visual awareness in patients and normal subjects.</a> Curr. Op. Neurobiol. 11, 150-156 (2001).</li>
<li>Bahrami, B., Carmel, D., Walsh, V., Rees, G., Lavie, N. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=((Unconscious+orientation+processing+depends+on+perceptual+load%5BTitle%5D)+AND+%22Journal+of+Vision%22%5BJournal%5D)">Unconscious orientation processing depends on perceptual load.</a> Journal of Vision. 8, 1-10 (2008).</li>
<li>Bahrami, B., Carmel, D., Walsh, V., Rees, G., Lavie, N. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=((Spatial+attention+can+modulate+unconscious+orientation+processing%5BTitle%5D)+AND+%22Perception%22%5BJournal%5D)">Spatial attention can modulate unconscious orientation processing.</a> Perception. 37, 1520-1528 (2008).</li>
<li>Carmel, D., Walsh, V., Lavie, N., Rees, G. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=((Right+parietal+TMS+shortens+dominance+durations+in+binocular+rivalry%5BTitle%5D)+AND+%22Current+Biology%22%5BJournal%5D)">Right parietal TMS shortens dominance durations in binocular rivalry.</a> Current Biology. , Forthcoming Forthcoming.</li>
<li>Schurger, A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=((A+very+inexpensive+MRI-compatible+method+for+dichoptic+visual+stimulation%5BTitle%5D)+AND+%22J.+Neurosci.+Methods%22%5BJournal%5D)">A very inexpensive MRI-compatible method for dichoptic visual stimulation.</a> J. Neurosci. Methods. 177, 199-202 (2009).</li>
<li>Tong, F., Nakayama, K., Vaughn, J. T., Kanwisher, N. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=((Binocular+rivalry+and+visual+awareness+in+human+extrastriate+cortex%5BTitle%5D)+AND+%22Neuron%22%5BJournal%5D)">Binocular rivalry and visual awareness in human extrastriate cortex.</a> Neuron. 21, 753-759 (1998).</li>
<li>Kovacs, I., Papathomas, T. V., Ming, Y., Feher, A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=((When+the+brain+changes+its+mind%3A+interocular+grouping+during+binocular+rivalry%5BTitle%5D)+AND+%22Proc.+Natl.+Acad.+Sci.+USA%22%5BJournal%5D)">When the brain changes its mind: interocular grouping during binocular rivalry.</a> Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 93, 15508-15511 (1996).</li>
<li>Blake, R. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=((A+primer+on+binocular+rivalry%2C+including+current+controversies%5BTitle%5D)+AND+%22Brain+and+Mind%22%5BJournal%5D)">A primer on binocular rivalry, including current controversies.</a> Brain and Mind. 2, 5-38 (2001).</li>
<li>Cowey, A., Stoerig, P. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=((The+neurobiology+of+blindsight%5BTitle%5D)+AND+%22Trends+Neurosci%22%5BJournal%5D)">The neurobiology of blindsight.</a> Trends Neurosci. 14, 140-145 (1991).</li>
<li>Nasrallah, M., Carmel, D., Lavie, N. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=((Murder+she+wrote%3A+enhanced+sensitivity+to+negative+word+valence%5BTitle%5D)+AND+%22Emotion%22%5BJournal%5D)">Murder she wrote: enhanced sensitivity to negative word valence.</a> Emotion. 9, 609-618 (2009).</li>
<li>Persaud, N., McLeod, P., Cowey, A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=((Post-decision+wagering+objectively+measures+awareness%5BTitle%5D)+AND+%22Nat+Neurosci%22%5BJournal%5D)">Post-decision wagering objectively measures awareness.</a> Nat Neurosci. 10, 257-261 (2007).</li>
<li>Tsuchiya, N., Koch, C. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=((Continuous+flash+suppression+reduces+negative+afterimages%5BTitle%5D)+AND+%22Nat.+Neurosci%22%5BJournal%5D)">Continuous flash suppression reduces negative afterimages.</a> Nat. Neurosci. 8, 1096-1101 (2005).</li>
<li>Bahrami, B., Lavie, N., Rees, G. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=((Attentional+Load+Modulates+Responses+of+Human+Primary+Visual+Cortex+to+Invisible+Stimuli%5BTitle%5D)+AND+%22Curr.+Biol%22%5BJournal%5D)">Attentional Load Modulates Responses of Human Primary Visual Cortex to Invisible Stimuli.</a> Curr. Biol. 17, 509-513 (2007).</li>
<li>Wilson, H. R., Blake, R., Lee, S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=((Dynamics+of+travelling+waves+in+visual+perception%5BTitle%5D)+AND+%22Nature%22%5BJournal%5D)">Dynamics of travelling waves in visual perception.</a> Nature. 412, 907-910 (2001).</li>
<li>Meng, M., Tong, F. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=((Can+attention+selectively+bias+bistable+perception%3F+Differences+between+binocular+rivalry+and+ambiguous+figures%5BTitle%5D)+AND+%22Journal+of+Vision%22%5BJournal%5D)">Can attention selectively bias bistable perception? Differences between binocular rivalry and ambiguous figures.</a> Journal of Vision. 4, 539-551 (2004).</li>
</ol>

관심 없음 충돌 선언하지 않습니다.

우리는 그것을 만들기위한 양안 경쟁의 성격, 여러 가지 방법을 설명해야하고, 사용하면 어떻게 고려 고려해야합니다. 소개에 대한 자세한로서, 쌍안경 경쟁의 적절한 사용은 실험적으로 인식 로커스 (또는 loci), 지각 선택과 무의식적 처리에 관한 질문을 주소로 할 수 있습니다. 제대로 그러한 조사를 수행하기 위해, 그러나, 하나는 안정적인 vergence을 유지의 중요성과 같은 문제를 인식하고 있어야합니다, 그리고 무의식 가공, 완전한 억제를 얻을 가능성이 디스플레이를 사용의 필요성을 조사하십시오. 경쟁을 만들기 위해 사용하는 방법을 선택하면 계정으로 각 방법의 장점과 단점을하는 것이 중요합니다. 가 한 여러 색의 자극을 사용하여에 관심이있다면 아무 소용 빨간색 파란색 고글을 사용하여, 예를 들어 없으며하지만 반면에,이 방법은 아마도 MRI 스캐너의 사용하기 쉬운 것입니다. 마찬가지로 미러 입체경은 별도의 이미지가 해당 망막 위치에 가을 있도록 매우 안정적인 방법입니다,하지만, 각각의 관찰자와 MRI 스캐너에서 입체경 퍼팅에 관련된 기술적인 문제에 필요한 개별 조정 몇몇이 방법은 덜 매력 될 수도 연구. 마지막으로, 적절한 부양 조치를 고용하기 위해서는 쌍안경 경쟁의 경험의 특성을 인식하는 것이 중요합니다. 연구 문제는 참가자가 억압 이미지의 실제로 알지 못하고 있다고 무의식 처리, 별도의 검증에 관한 때하는 것은 필수적입니다. 그것이 중요할 수도, 한 실험 조작은 지배와 억압 기간이 미치는 영향에 관심이 때, 그것은 오히려 같은 의미 또는 평균 단지 중심 경향의 측정보다 기간이의 (감마 모양의) 분포를 조사하기 위해 더 많은 조명 수 있습니다 관찰이 우세 날카로운 또는 점진적 (조금씩이나 웨이브 같은) 전환을 경험 여부를 확인할 수 있습니다. 우리는이 매혹적인 현상을 채용에 관심이 연구원이 소개가 도움이 되었습니까 바랍니다.

<table><tbody><tr><td>Mirror stereoscope</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Prism goggles</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Red-blue or red-green cellophane goggles</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Computer monitor (optional)</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr></tbody></table>

how to create and use binocular rivalry

우리의 눈이 각각 정상적으로 우리 주변의 세계의 약간 다른 이미지를 본다. 두뇌는 하나의 일관된 표현으로이 두 가지 이미지를 조합하여 사용할 수 있습니다. 그러나 눈은 서로 충분히 다른 이미지를 표시하는 경우, 재미있는 일이 일어난다 : 오히려 결합된 의식 percept에 융합 두 이미지보다, 어떻게되거나하면 하나의 이미지가 의식을 지배 지각 alternations의 패턴입니다 다른 동안 억압이며 두 이미지, 일반적으로 몇 초마다 사이의 지배력의 보충. 이것은 지각 현상 쌍안경 라이벌로 알려져 있습니다. 각각의 눈에 변함없는 영상 입력 시각 인식과 지각에 alternations에 이르게하기 때문에 쌍안경 경쟁은 지각 선택 및 인간과 동물 모두 모델에 대한 인식을 공부하는 데 유용 간주됩니다. 쌍안경 경쟁의 자극을 만들려면 필요한 모든 같은 인식 위치에서 다른 이미지로 각각의 시선을 제시하는 것입니다. 거기에 이렇게 몇 가지 방법이 있지만, 현장에 신규 이민자들은 종종 가장 자신의 특정 요구에 맞게 것이 어떤 방법을 알 수 있습니다. 이 문서의 목적은 양안 경쟁 관계를 만들고 사용하는 방법을 저렴하고 간단 여러 가지 방법을 설명하는 것입니다. 우리는 세부 값비싼 특수 장비가 필요하고 각 방법의 장점과 단점을 설명하지 방법을. 설명한 방법은 빨간색 파란색 고글, 미러 stereoscopes와 프리즘 고글의 사용을 포함합니다.

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about How to Create and Use Binocular Rivalry at JoVE.com

How to Create and Use Binocular Rivalry

눈을가 같은 장소에서 서로 다른 이미지를 표시하는 경우 쌍안경 라이벌이 발생합니다 : 하나의 이미지가 다른가 은폐하는 동안 장악하고, 정기적으로 지배력의 보충. 라이벌은 지각 선택과 시각적 인지도를 조사하는 데 유용합니다. 여기 쌍안경 라이벌 의식 자극을 만들고 사용하는 몇 가지 쉬운 방법을 설명합니다.

어떻게 쌍안경 경쟁 관계를 만들고 사용하는 방법

Each of our eyes normally sees a slightly different image of the world around us. The brain can combine these two images into a single coherent ...

Research

JoVE Journal

Neuroscience

75.3K 조회수.  New York University. 눈을가 같은 장소에서 서로 다른 이미지를 표시하는 경우 쌍안경 라이벌이 발생합니다 : 하나의 이미지가 다른가 은폐하는 동안 장악하고, 정기적으로 지배력의 보충. 라이벌은 지각 선택과 시각적 인지도를 조사하는 데 유용합니다. 여기 쌍안경 라이벌 의식 자극을 만들고 사용하는 몇 가지 쉬운 방법을 설명합니다.

비디오: How to Create and Use Binocular Rivalry

How to Build a Laser Speckle Contrast Imaging (LSCI) System to Monitor Blood Flow

Laser Speckle Contrast Imaging (LSCI) is a simple yet powerful technique that is used for full-field imaging of blood flow. The technique analyzes fluctuations in a dynamic speckle pattern to detect the movement of particles similar to how laser Doppler analyzes frequency shifts to determine particle speed. Because it can be used to monitor the movement of red blood cells, LSCI has become a popular tool for measuring blood flow in tissues such as the retina, skin, and brain. It has become especially useful in neuroscience where blood flow changes during physiological events like functional activation, stroke, and spreading depolarization can be quantified. LSCI is also attractive because it provides excellent spatial and temporal resolution while using inexpensive instrumentation that can easily be combined with other imaging modalities. Here we show how to build a LSCI setup and demonstrate its ability to monitor blood flow changes in the brain during an animal experiment.

How to Build a Laser Speckle Contrast Imaging LSCI System to Monitor Blood Flow

This video demonstrates how to build a Laser Speckle Contrast Imaging (LSCI) system that can easily be used to monitor blood flow.

어떻게 레이저를 작성하는 것은 혈액 흐름을 모니터링하는 콘트라스트 이미징 (LSCI) 시스템 스페클

Laser Speckle Contrast Imaging (LSCI) is a simple yet powerful technique that is used for full-field imaging of blood flow.  The technique analyzes ...

연구

신경과학

VisualEyes: A Modular Software System for Oculomotor Experimentation

Eye movement studies have provided a strong foundation forming an understanding of how the brain acquires visual information in both the normal and dysfunctional brain.1 However, development of a platform to stimulate and store eye movements can require substantial programming, time and costs. Many systems do not offer the flexibility to program numerous stimuli for a variety of experimental needs. However, the VisualEyes System has a flexible architecture, allowing the operator to choose any background and foreground stimulus, program one or two screens for tandem or opposing eye movements and stimulate the left and right eye independently. This system can significantly reduce the programming development time needed to conduct an oculomotor study. The VisualEyes System will be discussed in three parts: 1) the oculomotor recording device to acquire eye movement responses, 2) the VisualEyes software written in LabView, to generate an array of stimuli and store responses as text files and 3) offline data analysis. Eye movements can be recorded by several types of instrumentation such as: a limbus tracking system, a sclera search coil, or a video image system. Typical eye movement stimuli such as saccadic steps, vergent ramps and vergent steps with the corresponding responses will be shown. In this video report, we demonstrate the flexibility of a system to create numerous visual stimuli and record eye movements that can be utilized by basic scientists and clinicians to study healthy as well as clinical populations.

Neural control and cognitive processes can be studied through eye movements. The VisualEyes software allows an operator to program stimuli on two computer screens independently using a simple, custom scripting language. The system can stimulate tandem eye movements (saccades and smooth pursuit) or opposing eye movements (vergence) or any combination.

VisualEyes : 안구 운동 실험을위한 모듈 형 소프트웨어 시스템

Eye movement studies have provided a strong foundation forming an understanding of how the brain acquires visual information in both the normal and ...

The Measurement and Treatment of Suppression in Amblyopia

Amblyopia, a developmental disorder of the visual cortex, is one of the leading causes of visual dysfunction in the working age population. Current estimates put the prevalence of amblyopia at approximately 1-3%1-3, the majority of cases being monocular2. Amblyopia is most frequently caused by ocular misalignment (strabismus), blur induced by unequal refractive error (anisometropia), and in some cases by form deprivation.
Although amblyopia is initially caused by abnormal visual input in infancy, once established, the visual deficit often remains when normal visual input has been restored using surgery and/or refractive correction. This is because amblyopia is the result of abnormal visual cortex development rather than a problem with the amblyopic eye itself4,5 . Amblyopia is characterized by both monocular and binocular deficits6,7 which include impaired visual acuity and poor or absent stereopsis respectively. The visual dysfunction in amblyopia is often associated with a strong suppression of the inputs from the amblyopic eye under binocular viewing conditions8. Recent work has indicated that suppression may play a central role in both the monocular and binocular deficits associated with amblyopia9,10 .
Current clinical tests for suppression tend to verify the presence or absence of suppression rather than giving a quantitative measurement of the degree of suppression. Here we describe a technique for measuring amblyopic suppression with a compact, portable device11,12 . The device consists of a laptop computer connected to a pair of virtual reality goggles. The novelty of the technique lies in the way we present visual stimuli to measure suppression. Stimuli are shown to the amblyopic eye at high contrast while the contrast of the stimuli shown to the non-amblyopic eye are varied. Patients perform a simple signal/noise task that allows for a precise measurement of the strength of excitatory binocular interactions. The contrast offset at which neither eye has a performance advantage is a measure of the "balance point" and is a direct measure of suppression. This technique has been validated psychophysically both in control13,14 and patient6,9,11 populations.
In addition to measuring suppression this technique also forms the basis of a novel form of treatment to decrease suppression over time and improve binocular and often monocular function in adult patients with amblyopia12,15,16 . This new treatment approach can be deployed either on the goggle system described above or on a specially modified iPod touch device15.

Amblyopia is a developmental disorder of the visual cortex that is often accompanied by strong suppression of one eye. We present a new technique for measuring and treating interocular suppression in patients with amblyopia that can be deployed using virtual reality goggles or a portable iPod Touch device.

약시의 억제의 측정 및 치료

Amblyopia, a developmental disorder of the visual cortex, is one of the leading causes of visual dysfunction in the working age population. Current ...

의학

How to Build a Dichoptic Presentation System That Includes an Eye Tracker

The presentation of different stimuli to the two eyes, dichoptic presentation, is essential for studies involving 3D vision and interocular suppression. There is a growing literature on the unique experimental value of pupillary and oculomotor measures, especially for research on interocular suppression. Although obtaining eye-tracking measures would thus benefit studies that use dichoptic presentation, the hardware essential for dichoptic presentation (e.g. mirrors) often interferes with high-quality eye tracking, especially when using a video-based eye tracker. We recently described an experimental setup that combines a standard dichoptic presentation system with an infrared eye tracker by using infrared-transparent mirrors1. The setup is compatible with standard monitors and eye trackers, easy to implement, and affordable (on the order of US$1,000). Relative to existing methods it has the benefits of not requiring special equipment and posing few limits on the nature and quality of the visual stimulus. Here we provide a visual guide to the construction and use of our setup.

We recently proposed a method that allows dichoptic visual stimulus presentation and binocular eye tracking simultaneously1. The key is the combination of an infrared eye tracker and the corresponding infrared-transparent mirrors. This manuscript provides an in depth protocol for initial setup and everyday operation.

눈 추적을 포함 하는 Dichoptic 프레 젠 테이 션 시스템을 구축 하는 방법

The presentation of different stimuli to the two eyes, dichoptic presentation, is essential for studies involving 3D vision and interocular suppression. ...

행동분석학

Assessing Binocular Central Visual Field and Binocular Eye Movements in a Dichoptic Viewing Condition

Macular degeneration typically results in heterogeneous binocular central visual defects. Currently available approaches to assess central visual field, like the microperimetry, can test only one eye at a time. Therefore, they cannot explain how the defects in each eye affect the binocular interaction and real-world function. Dichoptic stimulus presentation with a gaze-controlled system could provide a reliable measure of monocular/binocular visual fields. However, dichoptic stimulus presentation and simultaneous eye-tracking are challenging because optical devices of instruments that present stimulus dichoptically (e.g., haploscope) always interfere with eye-trackers (e.g., infrared video-based eye-trackers). Therefore, the goals were 1) to develop a method for dichoptic stimulus presentation with simultaneous eye-tracking, using 3D-shutter glasses and 3D-ready monitors, that is not affected by interference and 2) to use this method to develop a protocol for assessing central visual field in subjects with central vision loss. The results showed that this setup provides a practical solution for reliably measuring eye-movements in dichoptic viewing condition. In addition, it was also demonstrated that this method can assess gaze-controlled binocular central visual field in subjects with central vision loss.

Presented here is a protocol for assessing binocular eye movements and gaze-controlled central visual field screening in participants with central vision loss.

이방성 보기 조건에서 쌍안경 중앙 시야 및 쌍안경 눈 움직임 평가

Macular degeneration typically results in heterogeneous binocular central visual defects. Currently available approaches to assess central visual field, ...

Monocular Visual Deprivation and Ocular Dominance Plasticity Measurement in the Mouse Primary Visual Cortex

Monocular visual deprivation is an excellent experimental paradigm to induce primary visual cortical response plasticity. In general, the response of the cortex to the contralateral eye to a stimulus is much stronger than the response of the ipsilateral eye in the binocular segment of the mouse primary visual cortex (V1). During the mammalian critical period, suturing the contralateral eye will result in a rapid loss of responsiveness of V1 cells to contralateral eye stimulation. With the continuing development of transgenic technologies, more and more studies are using transgenic mice as experimental models to examine the effects of specific genes on ocular dominance (OD) plasticity. In this study, we introduce detailed protocols for monocular visual deprivation and calculate the change in OD plasticity in mouse V1. After monocular deprivation (MD) for 4 days during the critical period, the orientation tuning curves of each neuron are measured, and the tuning curves of layer four neurons in V1 are compared between stimulation of the ipsilateral and contralateral eyes. The contralateral bias index (CBI) can be calculated using each cell&#39;s ocular OD score to indicate the degree of OD plasticity. This experimental technique is important for studying the neural mechanisms of OD plasticity during the critical period and for surveying the roles of specific genes in neural development. The major limitation is that the acute study cannot investigate the change in neural plasticity of the same mouse at a different time.

Here, we present detailed protocols for monocular visual deprivation and ocular dominance plasticity analysis, which are important methods for studying the neural mechanisms of visual plasticity during the critical period and the effects of specific genes on visual development.

마우스 1 차 적인 시각 피 질에 있는 단안 시각 박탈 및 안구 우세 가소성 측정

Monocular visual deprivation is an excellent experimental paradigm to induce primary visual cortical response plasticity. In general, the response of the ...

발생학

생쥐의 광동태 반사 반응 평가: 새로운 고정밀 프로토콜

Quantification of Visual Feature Selectivity of the Optokinetic Reflex in Mice

The optokinetic reflex (OKR) is an essential innate eye movement that is triggered by the global motion of the visual environment and serves to stabilize retinal images. Due to its importance and robustness, the OKR has been used to study visual-motor learning and to evaluate the visual functions of mice with different genetic backgrounds, ages, and drug treatments. Here, we introduce a procedure for evaluating OKR responses of head-fixed mice with high accuracy. Head fixation can rule out the contribution of vestibular stimulation on eye movements, making it possible to measure eye movements triggered only by visual motion. The OKR is elicited by a virtual drum system, in which a vertical grating presented on three computer monitors drifts horizontally in an oscillatory manner or unidirectionally at a constant velocity. With this virtual reality system, we can systematically change visual parameters like spatial frequency, temporal/oscillation frequency, contrast, luminance, and the direction of gratings, and quantify tuning curves of visual feature selectivity. High-speed infrared video-oculography ensures accurate measurement of the trajectory of eye movements. The eyes of individual mice are calibrated to provide opportunities to compare the OKRs between animals of different ages, genders, and genetic backgrounds. The quantitative power of this technique allows it to detect changes in the OKR when this behavior plastically adapts due to aging, sensory experience, or motor learning; thus, it makes this technique a valuable addition to the repertoire of tools used to investigate the plasticity of ocular behaviors.

저자 스포트라이트: 생쥐에서 광학 동태 반사의 시각적 특징 선택성을 연구하기 위한 정확하고 정량적인 접근 방식 

Here, we describe a standard protocol for quantifying the optokinetic reflex. It combines virtual drum stimulation and video-oculography, and thus allows precise evaluation of the feature selectivity of the behavior and its adaptive plasticity.

생쥐에서 광동태 반사의 시각적 특징 선택성 정량화

The optokinetic reflex (OKR) is an essential innate eye movement that is triggered by the global motion of the visual environment and serves to stabilize ...

<meta charset="utf8"></head><body> 편측성 약시의 입체시 평가: 비교 연구

Comparison of Three Clinical Stereoscopic Methods for Measuring Binocular Visual Function During Amblyopic Treatment in Unilateral Amblyopia

This study aimed to compare the measuring stereopsis results of unilateral amblyopia during amblyopic treatment by employing some of the most widely used clinical tests. Thirty-four individuals with previously untreated unilateral amblyopia, aged 8.4 &#177; 2.7 years, were included in the study. Monocular (best corrected visual acuity [BCVA] at distance) and binocular (including Titmus, Random-dot, and Frisby stereopsis) visual functions were measured at baseline and 2-month and 6-month visits after synthetical treatment.
We found that Titmus stereopsis was always significantly better than Random-dot stereopsis (p &#60; 0.001). Frisby stereopsis was also always significantly better than Random-dot stereopsis (p &#60; 0.001). However, there was no significant difference between Titmus stereopsis and Frisby stereopsis (p = 0.562). However, interestingly, there was no significant difference in the mean improvement of the three stereopsis methods from baseline to the 2-month visit, F = 1.158, p = 0.318.
Similarly, a significant difference was also lacking in the mean improvement of the three stereopsis methods from baseline to the 6-month visit, F = 0.302, p = 0.740. We conclude that there will be different results obtained from different stereopsis measuring methods used to measure amblyopia in patients. We recommend performing at least two types of stereoscopic measurements to evaluate each case of amblyopia. However, for observing therapeutic effects, each measurement method has the same performance for clinical results during amblyopic treatment.

<meta charset="utf8"></head><body>편측성 약시에서 약시 치료 중 양안 시각 기능을 측정하기 위한 세 가지 임상 입체 방법 비교

Here, we present three common stereopsis measurement methods to measure patients with amblyopia and the comparison of the efficacy of different methods.

편측성 약시에서 약시 치료 중 양안 시각 기능을 측정하기 위한 세 가지 임상 입체 방법 비교

This study aimed to compare the measuring stereopsis results of unilateral amblyopia during amblyopic treatment by employing some of the most widely used ...

어떻게 쌍안경 경쟁 관계를 만들고 사용하는 방법

요약

더 많은 비디오 탐색

어떻게 레이저를 작성하는 것은 혈액 흐름을 모니터링하는 콘트라스트 이미징 (LSCI) 시스템 스페클

VisualEyes : 안구 운동 실험을위한 모듈 형 소프트웨어 시스템

약시의 억제의 측정 및 치료

눈 추적을 포함 하는 Dichoptic 프레 젠 테이 션 시스템을 구축 하는 방법

이방성 보기 조건에서 쌍안경 중앙 시야 및 쌍안경 눈 움직임 평가

마우스 1 차 적인 시각 피 질에 있는 단안 시각 박탈 및 안구 우세 가소성 측정

생쥐에서 광동태 반사의 시각적 특징 선택성 정량화

생쥐에서 광동태 반사의 시각적 특징 선택성 정량화

생쥐에서 광동태 반사의 시각적 특징 선택성 정량화

편측성 약시에서 약시 치료 중 양안 시각 기능을 측정하기 위한 세 가지 임상 입체 방법 비교