Not: steril kültür koşullarını korumak için, bu protokol tüm prosedürlerin steril laboratuar uygulamaları kullanılarak gerçekleştirilen ve laminer akış kaputu altında yürütülmelidir. Başlamadan önce, herhangi bir ortam, 37 dengelenmiş olduğundan emin ° C ve uygun gazladı. Geltrex kaplı Kültür Yemekleri hazırlanması Not: CELLstart kaplı kültür kaplarına kullanmak için eke bakınız. <ol><li> Çözülme Geltrex yavaş yavaş 2-8 (1 mL) ° C tüp ve Knockout D-MEM/F-12 99 ml 1:100 onu sulandırmak. Çözüm hafifçe karıştırın. Not: Bazı iPS hücre hatları, optimum büyüme için farklı bir Geltrex seyreltme gerekebilir. Alternatif dilüsyonları için eke bakınız. </li><li> Her kültürün çanak tüm yüzeyi Geltrex çözüm (35 mm yemek için 1 ml, 60 mm yemek için 1.5 ml) ile kaplayın. </li><li> Kurumasını önlemek ve 37 yemekleri az 1 saat inkübe Parafilm ° C ile her tabak sızıntısını önleyiniz Not: Bu noktada, 1 aya kadar 4 ° C&#39;de Geltrex kaplı kültür kaplarına saklayabilir. Geltrex kurumasını önlemek için her tabak Parafilm Seal. </li><li> Kullanmadan önce, bir laminer akış kaputu Geltrex kaplı yemekler aktarmak ve onları oda sıcaklığında (yaklaşık 1 saat) gelmesini sağlar. </li></ol> Komple nakavt SR Besleyici Ücretsiz Orta hazırlanması <ol><li> 10 mcg / ml Temel FGF çözüm, 1 ml hazırlamak için, aseptik aşağıda listelenen bileşenleri karıştırın. -20 ° C&#39;de kısım çözüm ve mağaza, 6 aya kadar. <table border="0"><tbody><tr><td> Temel FGF </td><td> 10 mikrogram </td></tr><tr><td> D-PBS </td><td> 990μL </td></tr><tr><td> 10% BSA </td><td> 10 mcL </td></tr></tbody></table> Not: BSA aynı konsantrasyonda HSA veya Knockout SR ile ikame edilebilir. </li><li> 50 ml 2 mg / ml Dispase çözüm hazırlamak için, aseptik aşağıda listelenen bileşenleri karıştırın. Filtre 4 çözüm ve mağaza ° C 2 haftaya kadar sterilize. <table border="0"><tbody><tr><td> Dispase </td><td> 100 mg </td></tr><tr><td> D-PBS </td><td> 50 ml </td></tr></tbody></table></li><li> Besleyici-Free (KSR-FF) Tam nakavt SR 100 mL hazırlamak için aseptik aşağıdaki tabloda listelenen bileşenleri birleştirmek. <table border="1"><tbody><tr><td> Bileşen </td><td> Stok Konsantrasyon </td><td> Final Konsantrasyon </td><td> Hacim </td></tr><tr><td> Nakavt DMEM/F12 (Kat. No. 12.660-012) </td><td> - </td><td> 1X </td><td> 76.8 ml </td></tr><tr><td> GlutaMAX-I (Kat. No: 35.050-061) </td><td> 200 mm </td><td> 2 mM </td><td> 1 ml </td></tr><tr><td> Nakavt SR (Kat. no: 10.828-028) </td><td> - </td><td> % 20 </td><td> 20 ml </td></tr><tr><td> Nakavt SR-GFC (Kat. no. A10580-01) </td><td> 50X </td><td> 1X </td><td> 2 mL </td></tr><tr><td> bFGF (Kat. No. PHG0024). </td><td> 10 mcg / mL </td><td> 20 ng / ml </td><td> 200 mcL </td></tr></tbody></table> Bir haftaya kadar 2-8 ° C&#39;de KSR-FF orta saklayabilir. </li><li> Sıcaklık ve gazlar için tam orta pre-değişikti hemen önce, aseptik 0.1 mM son konsantrasyon için gerekli 2 merkaptoetanol hacmi (55 mM stok konsantrasyonu) ekleyin. Örneğin, 100 ml KSR-F hazırlamak içinF orta, 2-mercaptoethanol (1:550 dilüsyon) Alternatif olarak 55 mM 182 mcL eklemek, 2-merkaptoetanol 1X tamamlanan orta eklenir ve bir haftaya kadar 2-8 ° C&#39;de muhafaza edilebilir. </li></ol> Donma / Kriyoprezervasyon Orta hazırlanması Kriyoprezervasyon orta iki ortam oluşur; Donma Orta ve Donma Orta B. farklı zamanlarda hücreleri eklenir ve kalır ayrılmalıdır. Her Kriyoprezervasyon Orta toplam hacminin% 50 ihtiyaç vardır. Donmuş gibi her flakon için gerekli Kriyoprezervasyon Orta toplam hacim 1 ml. HESC% 90 konfluent 60mm çanak hESC banka 2 şişeleri kriyoprezervasyon medya için kullanılabilir. Tutarı düşmek sağlamak için ekstra 2-5ml her Donma Orta yeterli hacmi hazırlayın. <table border="1"><tbody><tr><td> Donma Orta A (son hacmi% 50): </td><td> 50% DMEM/F12 </td><td> 50% KSR </td></tr><tr><td> Donma Orta B (son hacmi% 50): </td><td> 80% DMEM/F12 </td><td> % 20 DMSO </td></tr></tbody></table> Örnek: 20 şişeleri hücre dondurma iseniz, Kriyoprezervasyon Orta 20ml gerekecektir. 24mL Kriyoprezervasyon Orta toplam tutarı düşmek için 4ml ekleyin. Donma Orta 12ml gerekecektir anlamına gelir (24mL% 50) ve Donma Orta B (24mL% 50), 12ml. <table border="1"><tbody><tr><td> Donma Orta A (12 ml): </td><td> 6 ml DMEM/F12 </td><td> 6 ml KSR </td></tr><tr><td> Donma Orta B (12 ml): </td><td> 9.6 mL DMEM/F12 </td><td> 2.4 mL DMSO </td></tr></tbody></table> Kriyoprezervasyon Orta nihai bileşimi% 65 DMEM/F12,% 25 KSR, ve% 10 DMSO. Dondurularak iPSCs <ol><li> 37 ° C su banyosunda Dispase Öncesi sıcak gerekli hacim. Gerekli miktarlar hakkında ayrıntılı bilgi için aşağıdaki Tablo 1&#39;e bakınız. </li><li> 37 ° C su banyosunda for15 dakika KSR-FF gerekli hacmi Pre-dengelenmesi. Tablo 1below gerekli miktarlar hakkında ayrıntılı bilgi için bakınız. </li><li> Bir pipet kullanarak kültür damarı harcanan orta aspire ve hücrelerin D-PBS ile iki kez yıkayın. </li><li> Yavaşça kültür damarı (örneğin, 60 mm kültür çanak başına Dispase çözüm 1 ml) önceden ısıtılmış Dispase çözüm ekleyin. Tüm hücre yüzeyinde kat Swirl kültür damarı. </li><li> Kültür damarı 3 dakika boyunca 37 ° C&#39;de inkübe edin. </li><li> Inkübatör geminin çıkarın, Dispase çözüm aspirat ve D-PBS ile hücrelerin nazikçe yıkayın. </li><li> Hücrelerin, hücre kazıyıcı kullanarak kültürü çanak yüzeyinden hafifçe kazıyın ve 15 mL steril bir santrifüj tüpüne hücreleri aktarmak. </li><li> Nazikçe müstakil olmayan herhangi bir hücre &quot;püskürtme&quot;, KSR-FF ile iki kez kültür çanak durulayın Havuz, 15 mL tüp hücreleri orta durulayın. </li><li> Tüp, oda sıcaklığında pelet hücreleri 5 dakika boyunca 200 xg&#39;de santrifüjleyin. </li><li> Dikkatle hücre pelletini bozmadan süpernatantı aspirat ve atın. </li><li> Cryovials yeterli miktarda hazırlayın. Hücreleri DMSO ile temas edildikten sonra, onlar aliquoted ve 2-3 dakika içinde dondurulmuş olmalıdır. </li><li> Yavaşça tam [tüp alttan hafifçe yukarı ve aşağı pipetleme 5 ml serolojik pipet kullanarak] hücre pelletini yerinden ve Donma Orta A. hücreleri yeniden askıya tüp fiske. Hafifçe karıştırın hücre süspansiyonu dönen kümeleri tek tip süspansiyon ardından, bir damla akıllıca bir şekilde, eşit miktarda Donma Orta B ekleyin. Not: Bu noktada, hücrelerin DMSO ile temas ve çalışma verimli bir şekilde yapılmalıdır. Hücreleri DMSO ile temas edildikten sonra, onlar aliquoted ve 2-3 dakika içinde dondurulmuş olmalıdır. </li><li> Her cryovial hücre süspansiyonu kısım 1 ml. </li><li> Hızla [hızla dondurma] Mr Frosty şişeleri yer ve -80 ° C gecede transfer. </li><li> ° C - -80 geceleme depolama sonra, uzun süreli depolama için bir sıvı nitrojen tankı hücreleri aktarmak. </li></ol> iPSC flakon çözülme ve hücre kurtarma Not: KSR-FF KSR-MEF-klimalı içeren orta veya besleyiciler ile kullanmak için KSR orta ile değiştirilebilir. Medya hazırlanması için talimatlar için eke bakınız. KSR-FF orta Pre-sıcak 10 ml, 50 ml tüp içinde. <ol><li> Geltrex kaplı yemekler sadece kaplama önce oda sıcaklığına uygun miktar dengelenmesi ve yemeklerinden herhangi bir sıvı aspirer hücreleri. </li><li> HESC Sıvı Azot Depolama Tankı (veya iPSC) flakon dikkatlice çıkarın. </li><li> Sadece küçük bir dondurulmuş yığın flakon kalana kadar hızla 37 ° C su banyosunda hücreler dondurulmuş flakon Çözülme. </li><li> % 70 ile dekontamine ve steril doku kültürü kaputu transfer izopropanol flakon Sprey. </li><li> Aseptik olarak 5 ml pipet kullanarak 15 ml konik bir tüp içine flakon tüm içeriğini aktarmak. </li><li> KSR-FF 1 ml Flakon durulayın ve 15 ml santrifüj tüpüne ekleyin. </li><li> Yavaşça, KSR-FF 4 mL, 15 mL konik tüp hücrelerin damla-bilge ekleyin. Orta eklerken, hücreler hafifçe karıştırın tüp ileri ve geri hareket ettirin. (Bu hücrelerin ozmotik şok azaltır). </li><li> 15 ml tüp, oda sıcaklığında 2 dakika 1000rpm (200 x g) hücre süspansiyonu ile santrifüjleyin . </li><li> Dikkatlice aspire ve hücre pelletini bozmadan süpernatantı atın. </li><li> Önceden ısıtılmış KSR-FF hücre pelet (örneğin 4mL/60 mm çanak) 5 ml pipet kullanarak hücrelerin hücre pelletini tamamen dağınık olduğu kadar yavaşça yukarı aşağı pipet ve yeniden askıya aldı. Canlılığı% 70&#39;den az ise% 70 daha fazla bir canlılığı bekleniyor, ancak, bu hücreler için izdiham ulaşmak için daha uzun sürebilir. </li><li> Aynı pipet kullanarak, hücre süspansiyonu oda sıcaklığında ön dengelenmiş Geltrex kaplı kültürü çanak açılır akıllıca aktarın. </li><li> Havada% 4 ila 6 CO 2 nemlendirilmiş bir atmosfer ile 37 ° C inkübatör kültür çanak yerleştirin. Kuzey güney, doğu batı desen hücreler eşit olarak dağıtmak için dikkatlice girdap gemi. </li><li> Yavaşça kültür tabak sıvı değiştirmek için 24 saat sonrası çözülme ve hücre enkaz kaldırmak için ve bundan sonra çanak konfluent yaklaşık% 70-80 kadar taze besin sağlamak için günlük. IPS hücreleri devam eden kültür ve Pasajlanması için, &quot;İnsan iPS Hücreler Komple nakavt Serum Yedek kullanarak Besleyici Ücretsiz Kültür ve Pasajlanması Besleyici-Alerjik Orta&quot; başlıklı protokol bakın </li></ol> Beklenen Sonuçlar Hücreleri önce kriyoprezervasyon konfluent kabaca% 70-80 olmalıdır. Kıvrık ve koloni kenarları boyunca koloniler katlayarak sindirim sonuçları Dispase. Sonra hasat hücrelerin dondurulması medyada küçük kümeleri olarak dondurulur. Flakon çözülmüş sonra, hücreler kurtarmak ve küçük kümeleri olarak önceden kaplı çanak eklemek. Bunlar hızla konfluent 5-6 gün içinde bir çanak lider büyür. Tablo 1 - Önerilen Hacimleri <table border="1"><tbody><tr><td> Bileşen </td><td> 35mm Bulaşık </td><td> 60mm Bulaşık </td><td> 100mm Bulaşık </td></tr><tr><td> Komple nakavt SR orta </td><td> 2 mL </td><td> 4 mL </td><td> 10 ml </td></tr><tr><td> Geltrex Çözüm </td><td> 1 ml </td><td> 1,5 mL </td><td> 4-5 ml </td></tr><tr><td> Dispase </td><td> 0,5 mL </td><td> 1 ml </td><td> 3-4 ml </td></tr><tr><td> Durulama için D-PBS </td><td> 2 mL </td><td> 4 mL </td><td> 10 ml </td></tr></tbody></table> Lütfen <a href="http://www.jove.com/files/ftp_upload/2237/2237_appendix.pdf">ek görmek için tıklayınız</a> .

<ol>
	<li>Takahashi, K. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Induction+of+pluripotent+stem+cells+from+mouse+embryonic+and+adult+fibroblast+cultures+by+defined+factors.">Induction of pluripotent stem cells from mouse embryonic and adult fibroblast cultures by defined factors.</a> Cell. 126, 663-676 (2006).</li><li>Takahashi, K. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Induction+of+pluripotent+stem+cells+from+adult+human+fibroblasts+by+defined+factors.">Induction of pluripotent stem cells from adult human fibroblasts by defined factors.</a> Cell. 131, 861-872 (2007).</li><li>Yu, J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Induced+pluripotent+stem+cell+lines+derived+from+human+somatic+cells.">Induced pluripotent stem cell lines derived from human somatic cells.</a> Science. 318, 1917-1920 (2007).</li><li>Maherali, N. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Guidelines+and+techniques+for+the+generation+of+induced+pluripotent+stem+cells.">Guidelines and techniques for the generation of induced pluripotent stem cells.</a> Cell Stem Cell. 3, 595-605 (2008).</li><li>Li, W. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Generation+of+rat+and+human+induced+pluripotent+stem+cells+by+combining+genetic+reprogramming+and+chemical+inhibitors.">Generation of rat and human induced pluripotent stem cells by combining genetic reprogramming and chemical inhibitors.</a> Cell Stem Cell. 4, 16-19 (2009).</li><li>Liao, J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Generation+of+induced+pluripotent+stem+cell+lines+from+adult+rat+cells.">Generation of induced pluripotent stem cell lines from adult rat cells.</a> Cell Stem Cell. 4, 11-15 (2009).</li><li>Dimos, J. T. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Induced+pluripotent+stem+cells+generated+from+patients+with+ALS+can+be+differentiated+into+motor+neurons.">Induced pluripotent stem cells generated from patients with ALS can be differentiated into motor neurons.</a> Science. 321, 1218-1221 (2008).</li><li>Aasen, T. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Efficient+and+rapid+generation+of+induced+pluripotent+stem+cells+from+human+keratinocytes.">Efficient and rapid generation of induced pluripotent stem cells from human keratinocytes.</a> Nat Biotechnli. 26, 1276-1284 (2008).</li><li>Park, I. H. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Generation+of+human-induced+pluripotent+stem+cells.">Generation of human-induced pluripotent stem cells.</a> Nat Protoc. 3, 1180-1186 (2008).</li></ol>

Bu makalenin yazarları, bu yazıda kullanılan reaktifler ve aletleri üreten Life Teknolojileri tarafından istihdam edilmektedir.

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		<th>Material Name</th>
		<th>Type</th>
		<th>Company</th>
		<th>Catalogue Number</th>
		<th>Comment</th>
		</tr>
		</thead>
		<tbody>
		
<tr>
<td>Knockout DMEM/F12</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>12660-012</td>
<td>Note: see appendix for the use of alternative DMEM products GlutaMAX-I (Cat. No. 35050-061)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>KnockOut Serum Replacement</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>10828-028</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<tr>
<td>KnockOut Serum Replacement Growth Factor Cocktail</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>A10580-01</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<tr>
<td>FGF-basic, human recombinant protein, 10 &mu;g</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>PHG0024</td>
<td>Note: see appendix for alternative bFGF pack sizes.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>2-Mercaptoethanol</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>21985-023</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<tr>
<td>Dispase</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>17105-041</td>
<td>Note: see appendix for alternative passaging methods</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Geltrex hESC-Qualified Reduced Growth Factor Basement Matrix, 1 mL</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>A10480-01</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<tr>
<td>Dulbecco&#x2019;s Phosphate Buffered Saline (D-PBS) without calcium and magnesium</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>14190-144</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<tr>
<td>DMSO, 500mL</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>JT Baker</td>
<td>JT9224-1</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<tr>
<td>Sterile Tissue Culture Hood</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<tr>
<td>Incubator set at 37&deg;C</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<tr>
<td>Pipette-Aid</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<tr>
<td>Water Bath set at 37&deg;C</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<tr>
<td>Sterile serological pipettes (5 mL, 10 mL)</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<tr>
<td>Centrifuge</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<tr>
<td>15 mL centrifuge tubes</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<tr>
<td>60 mm Tissue Culture treated dishes</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<tr>
<td>Liquid nitrogen storage tank</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<tr>
<td>Isopropanol freezing containers</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<tr>
<td>1.5 mL Cryovials</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>		</tbody>
		</table>
		</div>

cryopreserving and recovering of human ips cells using complete knockout serum replacement feeder-free medium

2006 yılında, insan ve fare fibroblastlar dikkat çekici embriyonik kök hücrelere benzer nitelikleri ile 1-3 iPS hücreleri üretmek yeniden olabilir keşif pluripotent hücrelerin hücre tedavisi, ilaç keşfi ve temel araştırmalar için değerli bir yeni kaynak yaratmıştır . Gibco medya ve reaktifler yıllardır pluripotent kök hücre araştırmaları ön planda olmuştur. DMEM Nakavt Nakavt Serum Değiştirme ile desteklenmiş, embriyonik kök hücre büyümesi ve şimdi iPS hücre kültürü 3-9 için tercih edilen medya . Bu altın standart medya sistemi artık Nakavt SR Büyüme Faktörü Kokteyli ilavesi ile besleyici ücretsiz kültür kullanılabilir. Geleneksel insan ES ve iPS hücre kültürü yöntemleri, fare veya insan fibroblast besleyici katmanları veya besleyici klimalı ortamı gerektirir. Bu kültür yöntemleri ölçekli, emek-yoğun, sert ve tanımlanmamış durumlar nedeniyle farklılaşmamış kalça hücreleri korumak için zordur. Invitrogen Nakavt SR hala korurken, kalça ve embriyonik kök hücre kültürlerinde kolaylıkla geçiş için besleyici ücretsiz izin Nakavt SR Büyüme Faktörü Kokteyl geliştirdi.

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Cryopreserving and Recovering of Human iPS Cells using Complete KnockOut Serum Replacement Feeder-Free Medium at JoVE.com

Cryopreserving and Recovering of Human iPS Cells using Complete KnockOut Serum Replacement Feeder-Free Medium

Bu protokol nakavt SR kriyoprezervasyon orta insan iPS hücreleri dondurularak ve bu hücrelerin tam nakavt SR Besleyici Ücretsiz (KSR-FF), orta ya da besleyici tabanlı nakavt SR orta kurtarmak için ayrıntılı prosedürü anlatılmaktadır.

İnsan iPS hücreleri dondurularak ve kurtarma Tam nakavt Serum Yedek Besleyici-Alerjik Orta

The discovery in 2006 that human and mouse fibroblasts could be reprogrammed to generate iPS cells 1-3 with qualities remarkably similar to embryonic stem ...

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Video: Cryopreserving and Recovering of Human iPS Cells using Complete KnockOut Serum Replacement Feeder-Free Medium

Predicting the Effectiveness of Population Replacement Strategy Using Mathematical Modeling

Charles Taylor and John Marshall explain the utility of mathematical modeling for evaluating the effectiveness of population replacement strategy.  Insight is given into how computational models can provide information on the population dynamics of mosquitoes and the spread of transposable elements through A. gambiae subspecies.  The ethical considerations of releasing genetically modified mosquitoes into the wild are discussed.

Charles Taylor and John Marshall explain the utility of mathematical modeling for evaluating the effectiveness of population replacement strategy. Insight is given into how computational models can provide information on the population dynamics of mosquitoes and the spread of transposable elements through A. gambiae subspecies. The ethical considerations of releasing genetically modified mosquitoes into the wild are discussed.

Matematiksel Modelleme Nüfus Yedek Strateji Etkinliği tahmin

Charles Taylor and John Marshall explain the utility of mathematical modeling for evaluating the effectiveness of population replacement strategy.  ...

Biyoloji

Generating iPS Cells from MEFS through Forced Expression of Sox-2, Oct-4, c-Myc, and Klf4

Pluripotency can be induced in differentiated murine by viral transduction of Oct4, Sox2, Klf4, and c-Myc (Takahashi and Yamanaka, 2006; Wernig, et al., 2007; Okita, et al., 2007; Maherali, et al., 2007). We have devised a reprogramming strategy in which these four transcription factors are expressed from doxycycline (dox)-inducible lentiviral vectors (Brambrink et al., 2008). Using these inducible constructs, we can derive induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells from mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs). In this video, we demonstrate the procedure for the generation of inducible lentiviruses that express the four transcription factors and show how to infect MEFs with these viruses in order to produce iPS cells. By using inducible lentiviruses, the expression of the four factors in controlled by the addition of doxycyline to the culture medium. The advantage of this system over the traditional retroviral infection is the ability to turn the genes on and off so that the kinetics of reprogramming and gene expression requirements can be analyzed in detail.

This video shows the procedure for generating induced pluripotent stem cells using inducible lentivirus that express Oct4, Sox2, c-Myc and Klf4.

Sox-2 Zorla İfade yoluyla MEFS iPS Hücreler oluşturma, Eki 4, c-Myc ve Klf4

Pluripotency can be induced in differentiated murine by viral transduction of Oct4, Sox2, Klf4, and c-Myc (Takahashi and Yamanaka, 2006;  Wernig, et al., ...

Isolation and Animal Serum Free Expansion of Human Umbilical Cord Derived Mesenchymal Stromal Cells (MSCs) and Endothelial Colony Forming Progenitor Cells (ECFCs)

The umbilical cord is a rich source for progenitor cells with high proliferative potential including mesenchymal stromal cells (also termed mesenchymal stem cells, MSCs) and endothelial colony forming progenitor cells (ECFCs). Both cell types are key players in maintaining the integrity of tissue and are probably also involved in regenerative processes and tumor formation.
To study their biology and function in a comparative manner it is important to have both cells types available from the same donor. It may also be beneficial for regenerative purposes to derive MSCs and ECFCs from the same tissue.
Because cellular therapeutics should eventually find their way from bench to bedside we established a new method to isolate and further expand progenitor cells without the use of animal protein. Pooled human platelet lysate (pHPL) replaced fetal bovine serum in all steps of our protocol to completely avoid contact of the cells to xenogeneic proteins.
This video demonstrates a methodology for the isolation and expansion of progenitor cells from one umbilical cord.
All materials and procedures will be described.

Isolation and Animal Serum Free Expansion of Human Umbilical Cord Derived Mesenchymal Stromal Cells MSCs and Endothelial Colony Forming Progenitor Cells ECFCs

This protocol describes the isolation and subsequent expansion of mesenchymal stromal cells and endothelial colony forming cells without the use of animal serum to generate autologous pairs for experimental transplantation purposes.

İnsan Göbek kordonu İzolasyon ve Hayvan Serum Genişleme Mezenkimal stromal hücreler (MKH) ve endotel Koloni Oluşturan Progenitör Hücreler (ECFCs) Türetilmiş

The umbilical cord is a rich source for progenitor cells with high proliferative potential including mesenchymal stromal cells (also termed mesenchymal ...

Feeder-Free Adaptation, Culture and Passaging of Human IPS Cells using Complete KnockOut Serum Replacement Feeder-Free Medium

The discovery in 2006 that human and mouse fibroblasts could be reprogrammed to generate iPS cells 1-3 with qualities remarkably similar to embryonic stem cells has created a valuable new source of pluripotent cells for drug discovery, cell therapy, and basic research.
GIBCO media and reagents have been at the forefront of pluripotent stem cell research for years. Knockout DMEM supplemented with Knockout Serum Replacement is the media of choice for embryonic stem cell growth and now iPS cell culture 3-9. This gold standard media system can now be used for feeder-free culture with the addition of Knockout SR Growth Factor Cocktail.
Traditional human ES and iPS cell culture methods require the use of mouse or human fibroblast feeder layers, or feeder-conditioned medium. These culture methods are labor-intensive, hard to scale and it is difficult to maintain hiPS cells undifferentiated due to the undefined conditions. Invitrogen has developed Knockout SR Growth Factor Cocktail to allow you to easily transition your hiPS cell cultures to feeder-free while still maintaining your use of Knockout SR.

The following protocol provides instruction for adapting human induced Pluripotent Stem (iPS) Cells to feeder-free culture using complete KnockOut Serum Replacement Feeder-Free medium (KSR-FF). Once adapted, instructions for continual maintenance are also provided.

İnsan IPS Hücreler Komple nakavt Serum Yedek Besleyici-Alerjik Orta kullanarak Besleyici Adaptasyon, Kültür ve Pasajlanması

Generation of Human Cardiomyocytes: A Differentiation Protocol from Feeder-free Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells

In order to investigate the events driving heart development and to determine the molecular mechanisms leading to myocardial diseases in humans, it is essential first to generate functional human cardiomyocytes (CMs). The use of these cells in drug discovery and toxicology studies would also be highly beneficial, allowing new pharmacological molecules for the treatment of cardiac disorders to be validated pre-clinically on cells of human origin. Of the possible sources of CMs, induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells are among the most promising, as they can be derived directly from readily accessible patient tissue and possess an intrinsic capacity to give rise to all cell types of the body 1. Several methods have been proposed for differentiating iPS cells into CMs, ranging from the classical embryoid bodies (EBs) aggregation approach to chemically defined protocols 2,3. In this article we propose an EBs-based protocol and show how this method can be employed to efficiently generate functional CM-like cells from feeder-free iPS cells.

Pluripotent stem cells, either embryonic or induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells, constitute a valuable source of human differentiated cells, including cardiomyocytes. Here, we will focus on cardiac induction of iPS cells, showing how to use them to obtain functional human cardiomyocytes through an embryoid bodies-based protocol.

İnsan kardiyomiyositleri Üretimi: Besleyici-ücretsiz İnsan Bağlı Pluripotent Kök Hücre A Farklılaşma Protokolü

In order to investigate the events driving heart development and to determine the molecular mechanisms leading to myocardial diseases in humans, it is ...

Isolation of Small Noncoding RNAs from Human Serum

The analysis of RNA and its expression is a common feature in many laboratories. Of significance is the emergence of small RNAs like microRNAs, which are found in mammalian cells. These small RNAs are potent gene regulators controlling vital pathways such as growth, development and death and much interest has been directed at their expression in bodily fluids. This is due to their dysregulation in human diseases such as cancer and their potential application as serum biomarkers. However, the analysis of miRNA expression in serum may be problematic. In most cases the amount of serum is limiting and serum contains low amounts of total RNA, of which small RNAs only constitute 0.4-0.5%1. Thus the isolation of sufficient amounts of quality RNA from serum is a major challenge to researchers today. In this technical paper, we demonstrate a method which uses only 400 &#181;l of human serum to obtain sufficient RNA for either DNA arrays or qPCR analysis. The advantages of this method are its simplicity and ability to yield high quality RNA. It requires no specialized columns for purification of small RNAs and utilizes general reagents and hardware found in common laboratories. Our method utilizes a Phase Lock Gel to eliminate phenol contamination while at the same time yielding high quality RNA. We also introduce an additional step to further remove all contaminants during the isolation step. This protocol is very effective in isolating yields of total RNA of up to 100 ng/&#181;l from serum but can also be adapted for other biological tissues.

This protocol describes a method for extracting small RNAs from human serum. We have used this method to isolate microRNAs from cancer serum for use in DNA arrays and also singleplex quantitative PCR. The protocol utilizes phenol and guanidinium thiocyanate reagents with modifications to yield high quality RNA.

Insan serumundan küçük kodlayıcı olmayan RNA&#39;lar izolasyonu

The analysis of RNA and its expression is a common feature in many laboratories. Of significance is the emergence of small RNAs like microRNAs, which are ...

MicroRNA Expression Profiles of Human iPS Cells, Retinal Pigment Epithelium Derived From iPS, and Fetal Retinal Pigment Epithelium

The objective of this report is to describe the protocols for comparing the microRNA (miRNA) profiles of human induced-pluripotent stem (iPS) cells, retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) derived from human iPS cells (iPS-RPE), and fetal RPE. The protocols include collection of RNA for analysis by microarray, and the analysis of microarray data to identify miRNAs that are differentially expressed among three cell types. The methods for culture of iPS cells and fetal RPE are explained. The protocol used for differentiation of RPE from human iPS is also described. The RNA extraction technique we describe was selected to allow maximal recovery of very small RNA for use in a miRNA microarray. Finally, cellular pathway and network analysis of microarray data is explained. These techniques will facilitate the comparison of the miRNA profiles of three different cell types.

The microRNA (miRNA) profiles of human induced-pluripotent stem (iPS) cells, retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) derived from human induced-pluripotent stem (iPS) cells (iPS-RPE), and fetal RPE, were compared.

İnsan iPS Hücreleri MicroRNA İfade Profilleri, iPS Kaynaklanan Retina pigment epiteli ve Fetal Retina pigment epiteli

The objective of this report is to describe the protocols for comparing the microRNA (miRNA) profiles of human induced-pluripotent stem (iPS) cells, ...

Efficient iPS Cell Generation from Blood Using Episomes and HDAC Inhibitors

This manuscript illustrates a protocol for efficiently creating integration-free human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) from peripheral blood using episomal plasmids and histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors. The advantages of this approach include: (1) the use of a minimal amount of peripheral blood as a source material; (2) nonintegrating reprogramming vectors; (3) a cost effective method for generating vector free iPSCs; (4) a single transfection; and (5) the use of small molecules to facilitate epigenetic reprogramming. Briefly, peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) are isolated from routine phlebotomy samples and then cultured in defined growth factors to yield a highly proliferative erythrocyte progenitor cell population that is remarkably amenable to reprogramming. Nonintegrating, nontransmissible episomal plasmids expressing OCT4, SOX2, KLF4, MYCL, LIN28A, and a p53 short hairpin (sh)RNA are introduced into the derived erythroblasts via a single nucleofection. Cotransfection of an episome that expresses enhanced green fluorescent protein (eGFP) allows for easy identification of transfected cells. A separate replication-deficient plasmid expressing Epstein-Barr nuclear antigen 1 (EBNA1) is also added to the reaction mixture for increased expression of episomal proteins. Transfected cells are then plated onto a layer of irradiated mouse embryonic fibroblasts (iMEFs) for continued reprogramming. As soon as iPSC-like colonies appear at about twelve days after nucleofection, HDAC inhibitors are added to the medium to facilitate epigenetic remodeling. We have found that the inclusion of HDAC inhibitors routinely increases the generation of fully reprogrammed iPSC colonies by 2 fold. Once iPSC colonies exhibit typical human embryonic stem cell (hESC) morphology, they are gently transferred to individual iMEF-coated tissue culture plates for continued growth and expansion.

Here we describe a protocol for generating human induced pluripotent stem cells from peripheral blood using an episome based reprogramming strategy and histone deacetylase inhibitors.

Epizomlar ve HDAC inhibitörleri kullanarak Blood Verimli iPS Hücre Üretimi

This manuscript illustrates a protocol for efficiently creating integration-free human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) from peripheral blood using ...

Comparative Analysis of Human Growth Hormone in Serum Using SPRi, Nano-SPRi and ELISA Assays

Sensitive and selective methods for the detection of human growth hormone (hGH) over a wide range of concentrations (high levels of 50-100 ng ml&#8722;1 and minimum levels of 0.03 ng ml&#8722;1) in circulating blood are essential as variable levels may indicate altered physiology. For example, growth disorders occurring in childhood can be diagnosed by measuring levels of hGH in blood. Also, the misuse of recombinant hGH in sports not only poses an ethical issue it also presents serious health threats to the abuser. One popular strategy for measuring hGH misuse, relies on the detection of the ratio of 22 kDa hGH to total hGH, as non-22 kDa endogenous levels drop after exogenous recombinant hGH (rhGH) administration. Surface plasmon resonance imaging (SPRi) is an analytical tool that allows direct (label-free) monitoring and visualization of biomolecular interactions by recording changes of the refractive index adjacent to the sensor surface in real time. In contrast, the most frequently used colorimetric method, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) uses enzyme labeled detection antibodies to indirectly measure analyte concentration after the addition of a substrate that induces a color change. To increase detection sensitivity, amplified SPRi uses a sandwich assay format and near infrared quantum dots (QDs) to increase signal strength. After direct SPRi detection of recombinant rhGH in spiked human serum, the SPRi signal is amplified by the sequential injection of detection antibody coated with near-infrared QDs (Nano-SPRi). In this study, the diagnostic potential of direct and amplified SPRi was assessed for measuring rhGH spiked in human serum and compared directly with the capabilities of a commercially available ELISA kit.

The proposed work assesses the diagnostic potential of direct and amplified surface plasmon resonance imaging (SPRi) assays, particularly for the detection of recombinant human growth hormone in spiked human serum, by comparing SPRi results directly with commercially available enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kit.

Spri, Nano-Spri ELISA Tahliller Kullanma Serum İnsan Büyüme Hormonu Karşılaştırmalı Analizi

Sensitive and selective methods for the detection of human growth hormone (hGH) over a wide range of concentrations (high levels of 50-100 ng ml&#8722;1 ...

In Situ Monitoring of Transiently Formed Molecular Chaperone Assemblies in Bacteria, Yeast, and Human Cells

J-domain proteins (JDPs) form the largest and the most diverse co-chaperone family in eukaryotic cells. Recent findings show that specific members of the JDP family could form transient heterocomplexes in eukaryotes to fine-tune substrate selection for the 70 kDa heat shock protein (Hsp70) chaperone-based protein disaggregases. The JDP complexes target acute/chronic stress induced aggregated proteins and presumably help assemble the disaggregases by recruiting multiple Hsp70s to the surface of protein aggregates. The extent of the protein quality control (PQC) network formed by these physically interacting JDPs remains largely uncharacterized in vivo. Here, we describe a microscopy-based in situ protein interaction assay named the proximity ligation assay (PLA), which is able to robustly capture&#160;these transiently formed chaperone complexes in distinct cellular compartments of eukaryotic cells. Our work expands the employment of PLA from human cells to yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) and bacteria (Escherichia coli), thus rendering an important tool to monitor the dynamics of transiently formed protein assemblies in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.

Cognate J-domain proteins cooperate with the Hsp70 chaperone to assist in a myriad of biological processes ranging from protein folding to degradation. Here, we describe an in situ proximity ligation assay, which allows the monitoring of these transiently formed chaperone machineries in bacterial, yeast and human cells.

Bakteri, Maya ve İnsan Hücrelerinde Geçici Olarak Oluşan Moleküler Şaperon Meclislerinin Yerinde İzlenmesinde

J-domain proteins (JDPs) form the largest and the most diverse co-chaperone family in eukaryotic cells. Recent findings show that specific members of the ...