Nota: Para manter as condições de cultura estéril, todos os procedimentos neste protocolo são realizadas utilizando práticas de laboratório estéril e conduzidos sob uma capela de fluxo laminar. Antes de começar, certifique-se que qualquer mídia é equilibrado a 37 ° C e adequadamente gaseados. Preparar pratos Geltrex revestido Cultura Nota: ver anexo para o uso de placas de cultura de CELLstart revestido. <ol><li> Tubo de descongelar um dos Geltrex (1 mL) lentamente a 2-8 ° C e diluir 1:100 em 99 mL de Knockout D-MEM/F-12. Misturar a solução suavemente. Nota: Algumas linhagens de células iPS podem requerer uma diluição Geltrex diferentes para o crescimento ideal. Veja o apêndice para diluições de alternativa. </li><li> Cobrir toda a superfície de cada placa de cultura com a solução Geltrex (1 mL para um prato de 35 mm, 1,5 mL para um prato de 60 mm). </li><li> Seal cada prato com Parafilm para evitar a secagem e incubar os pratos para 1 hora a 37 ° C. Nota: Neste ponto, você pode armazenar os pratos Geltrex revestido cultura a 4 ° C por até 1 mês. Seal cada prato com Parafilm para impedir a Geltrex sequem. </li><li> Antes de usar, transferir os pratos Geltrex revestido a uma capela de fluxo laminar e permitir-lhes atingir a temperatura ambiente (cerca de 1 hora). </li></ol> Preparando Alimentador-Free SR Completa KnockOut Médio <ol><li> Para preparar 1 mL de 10 mcg / ml solução FGF Basic, assepticamente misturar os componentes listados abaixo. Alíquota da solução e armazenar a -20 ° C por até 6 meses. <table border="0"><tbody><tr><td> FGF básico </td><td> 10 mg </td></tr><tr><td> D-PBS </td><td> 990μL </td></tr><tr><td> 10% BSA </td><td> 10 L </td></tr></tbody></table> Nota: BSA pode ser substituído com HSA ou SR Knockout na mesma concentração. </li><li> Para preparar 50 mL de solução 2 Dispase mg / mL, assepticamente misturar os componentes listados abaixo. Filtro de esterilizar a solução e armazenar a 4 ° C por até duas semanas. <table border="0"><tbody><tr><td> Dispase </td><td> 100 mg </td></tr><tr><td> D-PBS </td><td> 50 mL </td></tr></tbody></table></li><li> Para preparar 100 mL de SR KnockOut completa Alimentador-Free (KSR-FF) assepticamente combinar os componentes listados na tabela abaixo. <table border="1"><tbody><tr><td> Componente </td><td> Concentração de ações </td><td> Concentração Final </td><td> Volume </td></tr><tr><td> Knockout DMEM/F12 (Cat. n º. 12.660-012) </td><td> - </td><td> 1X </td><td> 76,8 mL </td></tr><tr><td> Glutamax-I (Cat. No. 35050-061) </td><td> 200 mM </td><td> 2 mM </td><td> 1 mL </td></tr><tr><td> KnockOut SR (sem Cat.. 10.828-028) </td><td> - </td><td> 20% </td><td> 20 mL </td></tr><tr><td> KnockOut SR-GFC (sem Cat.. A10580-01) </td><td> 50X </td><td> 1X </td><td> 2 mL </td></tr><tr><td> bFGF (Cat. n º. PHG0024). </td><td> 10 mcg / mL </td><td> 20 ng / mL </td><td> 200 mL </td></tr></tbody></table> Você pode armazenar o meio KSR-FF a 2-8 ° C por até uma semana. </li><li> Pouco antes de pré-equilibrar o meio completo à temperatura e gases, adicionar assepticamente o volume necessário de 2-mercaptoetanol (55 mM de concentração de ações) para uma concentração de 0,1 mM final. Por exemplo, para preparar 100 mL da KSR-FMédio F adicionar 182 mL de 55 mM 2-mercaptoetanol (1:550 diluição) Alternativamente, o 2-mercaptoetanol podem ser adicionadas ao meio 1X preenchido e armazenado a 2-8 ° C por até uma semana. </li></ol> Preparando congelamento / Criopreservação Médio O meio de criopreservação consiste em dois meios de comunicação; Médio Congelamento A e B. Congelamento Médio Eles são adicionados às células em momentos diferentes e devem permanecer separados. Eles estão cada 50% do volume total de Medium Criopreservação necessário. O volume total de Medium Criopreservação necessário é 1 mL para cada frasco a ser congelados. Um prato de 90% confluentes 60mm de CTEh pode ser usado para o banco 2 frascos de CTEh na mídia criopreservação. Prepare volume suficiente de cada meio de congelamento, com um extra de 2-5 mL para garantir excedente. <table border="1"><tbody><tr><td> Congelamento Médio A (50% do volume final): </td><td> 50% DMEM/F12 </td><td> KSR 50% </td></tr><tr><td> Congelamento Médio B (50% do volume final): </td><td> 80% DMEM/F12 </td><td> 20% DMSO </td></tr></tbody></table> Exemplo: Se você está congelando 20 frascos de células, você precisará de 20 mL de Criopreservação Médio. Adicionar 4 ml de sobrecarga para um total de Medium Criopreservação 24mL. Isso significa que você vai precisar de 12 ml Médio Congelamento A. (50% de 24mL) e 12 ml de B Freezing Medium (50% de 24mL) <table border="1"><tbody><tr><td> Congelamento Médio A (12 ml): </td><td> 6 mL DMEM/F12 </td><td> 6 mL KSR </td></tr><tr><td> Congelamento Médio B (12 mL): </td><td> 9,6 mL DMEM/F12 </td><td> 2,4 mL DMSO </td></tr></tbody></table> A composição final do Médio Criopreservação é de 65% DMEM/F12, KSR 25% e DMSO 10%. Criopreservação iPSCs <ol><li> Pré-aquecer o volume necessário de Dispase em um banho de água 37 ° C. Consulte a Tabela 1 abaixo para obter detalhes sobre os volumes necessários. </li><li> Pré-equilibrar o volume necessário de KSR-FF em um banho de água a 37 ° C for15 min. Consulte a Tabela 1below para obter detalhes sobre os volumes necessários. </li><li> Aspirar o meio de gastos do navio cultura usando uma pipeta, e lavar as células duas vezes com D-PBS. </li><li> Delicadamente adicionar pré-aquecido Dispase solução para o navio de cultura (por exemplo, 1 mL de solução Dispase por 60 mm placa de cultura). Redemoinho do navio cultura para revestir a superfície da célula inteira. </li><li> Incubar a embarcação cultura a 37 ° C por 3 minutos. </li><li> Remover o navio da incubadora, aspire a solução Dispase e lavar cuidadosamente as células com D-PBS. </li><li> Raspe as células da superfície da placa de cultura com uma espátula de células, e transferência das células para um tubo de centrifugação estéril 15ml. </li><li> Lavar o prato de cultura duas vezes com KSR-FF, gentilmente &quot;pulverização off&quot; as células que não tenham destacado. Piscina do enxágüe meio com as células no tubo de 15mL. </li><li> Centrifugar o tubo a 200 xg por 5 minutos em temperatura ambiente para agregar as células. </li><li> Aspirar cuidadosamente o sobrenadante sem perturbar o pellet celular e descartá-lo. </li><li> Prepare uma quantidade suficiente de criotubos. Uma vez que as células estão em contato com DMSO, devem ser aliquotado e congelado dentro de 2-3 minutos. </li><li> Agite suavemente o tubo, para desalojar totalmente o pellet celular a partir do fundo do tubo e volte a suspender as células em A. Medium Congelamento [cuidado pipetando para cima e para baixo usando a 5 mL pipeta sorológica]. Após suspensão uniforme de aglomerados, adicionar igual volume de B Freezing Medium para ele, de uma forma sábia queda, enquanto gentilmente agitando o suspensão de células para misturar. Nota: Neste ponto, as células estão em contato com DMSO e trabalho deve ser realizado de forma eficiente. Uma vez que as células estão em contato com DMSO, devem ser aliquotado e congelado dentro de 2-3 minutos. </li><li> Ml 1 alíquota da suspensão de células em cada cryovial. </li><li> Rapidamente colocar os frascos em um Mr. Frosty [para congelar rapidamente] e transferi-lo para -80 ° C durante a noite. </li><li> Após o armazenamento durante a noite a -80 ° C, a transferência das células para um tanque de nitrogênio líquido para o armazenamento de longo prazo. </li></ol> iPSC descongelar frasco e recuperação das células Nota: KSR-FF pode ser substituído com KSR meio contendo MEF-condicionado, ou médio KSR para uso com alimentadores. Veja o apêndice para obter instruções para a preparação de meios de comunicação. Pré-aquecer 10ml de KSR-FF médio em um tubo de 50 mL. <ol><li> Equilibrar a quantidade adequada de Geltrex revestido pratos à temperatura ambiente e aspirar qualquer tipo de líquido a partir os pratos antes que você platingr células. </li><li> Remova cuidadosamente a CTEh (ou iPSC) frasco de Tanque de armazenamento de nitrogênio líquido. </li><li> Descongelar rapidamente frasco frozen de células em um banho de água 37 ° C, até que apenas um pequeno pedaço congelado permanece no frasco. </li><li> Pulverizador frasco com 70% isopropanol para descontaminar-lo e transferi-la para a capa estéreis de cultura de tecidos. </li><li> Transferir assepticamente todo o conteúdo do frasco em um tubo cônico de 15 mL utilizando uma pipeta de 5 mL. </li><li> Lavar o frasco com 1 mL de KSR-FF e adicione este ao tubo de centrifugação de 15 mL. </li><li> Lentamente, adicionar 4 mL da KSR-FF gota a gota, para as células no tubo de 15mL cônico. Ao adicionar o meio, gentilmente mova o tubo para trás e para misturar as células. (Isto reduz choque osmótico para as células). </li><li> Centrifugar o tubo de 15 mL com a suspensão de células em 1000rpm (200 x g) por 2 minutos em temperatura ambiente. </li><li> Aspirar cuidadosamente e descartar o sobrenadante sem perturbar o pellet celular. </li><li> Re-suspender o pellet celular pré-aquecido KSR-FF (por exemplo, prato 4mL/60 milímetros), utilizando uma pipeta de 5 mL e gentilmente pipeta as células para cima e para baixo até pellet celular está totalmente dispersa. A viabilidade de mais de 70% é esperado, no entanto, se a viabilidade é inferior a 70%, pode demorar mais tempo para as células para chegar a confluência. </li><li> Usando a mesma pipeta, transferir a suspensão celular gota a gota, a Geltrex revestido placa de cultura pré-equilibradas à temperatura ambiente. </li><li> Coloque o prato de cultura em uma incubadora de 37 ° C, com uma atmosfera húmida de 4 a 6% CO 2 no ar. Cuidadosamente redemoinho em um navio norte a sul, de leste a oeste padrão para distribuir uniformemente as células. </li><li> Suavemente fluido mudar a placa de cultura de 24 horas pós-descongelamento, e depois diariamente para remover os restos celulares e para fornecer nutrientes fresco até que o prato é de aproximadamente 70-80% confluentes. Para a cultura e continuou passaging de células iPS seu, consulte nosso protocolo intitulado &quot;Alimentador-Livre Cultura e Passaging das células humanas iPS usando Completa KnockOut substituição Feeder Serum-Free Medium&quot; </li></ol> Resultados esperados As células devem ser cerca de 70-80% confluentes antes da criopreservação. Dispase resultados na digestão enrolando e dobrando das colônias ao longo das margens da colônia. Após a colheita as células são congeladas como pequenos aglomerados na mídia criopreservação. Uma vez que o frasco é descongelado, as células se recuperar e anexar o prato pré-revestidos como pequenos aglomerados. Eles crescem rapidamente levando a um prato confluentes em 5-6 dias. Tabela 1 - Volumes recomendadas <table border="1"><tbody><tr><td> Componente </td><td> Dish 35 milímetros </td><td> Dish 60 milímetros </td><td> Dish 100 milímetros </td></tr><tr><td> Completa KnockOut SR médio </td><td> 2 mL </td><td> 4 mL </td><td> 10 mL </td></tr><tr><td> Geltrex Solution </td><td> 1 mL </td><td> 1,5 mL </td><td> 4-5 mL </td></tr><tr><td> Dispase </td><td> 0,5 mL </td><td> 1 mL </td><td> ML 3-4 </td></tr><tr><td> D-PBS para lavagem </td><td> 2 mL </td><td> 4 mL </td><td> 10 mL </td></tr></tbody></table> Por favor, <a href="http://www.jove.com/files/ftp_upload/2237/2237_appendix.pdf">clique aqui para ver o apêndice</a> .

<ol>
	<li>Takahashi, K. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Induction+of+pluripotent+stem+cells+from+mouse+embryonic+and+adult+fibroblast+cultures+by+defined+factors.">Induction of pluripotent stem cells from mouse embryonic and adult fibroblast cultures by defined factors.</a> Cell. 126, 663-676 (2006).</li><li>Takahashi, K. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Induction+of+pluripotent+stem+cells+from+adult+human+fibroblasts+by+defined+factors.">Induction of pluripotent stem cells from adult human fibroblasts by defined factors.</a> Cell. 131, 861-872 (2007).</li><li>Yu, J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Induced+pluripotent+stem+cell+lines+derived+from+human+somatic+cells.">Induced pluripotent stem cell lines derived from human somatic cells.</a> Science. 318, 1917-1920 (2007).</li><li>Maherali, N. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Guidelines+and+techniques+for+the+generation+of+induced+pluripotent+stem+cells.">Guidelines and techniques for the generation of induced pluripotent stem cells.</a> Cell Stem Cell. 3, 595-605 (2008).</li><li>Li, W. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Generation+of+rat+and+human+induced+pluripotent+stem+cells+by+combining+genetic+reprogramming+and+chemical+inhibitors.">Generation of rat and human induced pluripotent stem cells by combining genetic reprogramming and chemical inhibitors.</a> Cell Stem Cell. 4, 16-19 (2009).</li><li>Liao, J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Generation+of+induced+pluripotent+stem+cell+lines+from+adult+rat+cells.">Generation of induced pluripotent stem cell lines from adult rat cells.</a> Cell Stem Cell. 4, 11-15 (2009).</li><li>Dimos, J. T. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Induced+pluripotent+stem+cells+generated+from+patients+with+ALS+can+be+differentiated+into+motor+neurons.">Induced pluripotent stem cells generated from patients with ALS can be differentiated into motor neurons.</a> Science. 321, 1218-1221 (2008).</li><li>Aasen, T. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Efficient+and+rapid+generation+of+induced+pluripotent+stem+cells+from+human+keratinocytes.">Efficient and rapid generation of induced pluripotent stem cells from human keratinocytes.</a> Nat Biotechnli. 26, 1276-1284 (2008).</li><li>Park, I. H. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Generation+of+human-induced+pluripotent+stem+cells.">Generation of human-induced pluripotent stem cells.</a> Nat Protoc. 3, 1180-1186 (2008).</li></ol>

Os autores deste artigo são empregados por Life Technologies, que produz reagentes e instrumentos utilizados neste artigo.

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		<div>
		<table border="1">
		<thead>
		<tr>
		<th>Material Name</th>
		<th>Type</th>
		<th>Company</th>
		<th>Catalogue Number</th>
		<th>Comment</th>
		</tr>
		</thead>
		<tbody>
		
<tr>
<td>Knockout DMEM/F12</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>12660-012</td>
<td>Note: see appendix for the use of alternative DMEM products GlutaMAX-I (Cat. No. 35050-061)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>KnockOut Serum Replacement</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>10828-028</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<tr>
<td>KnockOut Serum Replacement Growth Factor Cocktail</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>A10580-01</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<tr>
<td>FGF-basic, human recombinant protein, 10 &mu;g</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>PHG0024</td>
<td>Note: see appendix for alternative bFGF pack sizes.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>2-Mercaptoethanol</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>21985-023</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<tr>
<td>Dispase</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>17105-041</td>
<td>Note: see appendix for alternative passaging methods</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Geltrex hESC-Qualified Reduced Growth Factor Basement Matrix, 1 mL</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>A10480-01</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<tr>
<td>Dulbecco&#x2019;s Phosphate Buffered Saline (D-PBS) without calcium and magnesium</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>14190-144</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<tr>
<td>DMSO, 500mL</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>JT Baker</td>
<td>JT9224-1</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<tr>
<td>Sterile Tissue Culture Hood</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<tr>
<td>Incubator set at 37&deg;C</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<tr>
<td>Pipette-Aid</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<tr>
<td>Water Bath set at 37&deg;C</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<tr>
<td>Sterile serological pipettes (5 mL, 10 mL)</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<tr>
<td>Centrifuge</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<tr>
<td>15 mL centrifuge tubes</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<tr>
<td>60 mm Tissue Culture treated dishes</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<tr>
<td>Liquid nitrogen storage tank</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<tr>
<td>Isopropanol freezing containers</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<tr>
<td>1.5 mL Cryovials</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>		</tbody>
		</table>
		</div>

cryopreserving and recovering of human ips cells using complete knockout serum replacement feeder-free medium

A descoberta em 2006 que fibroblastos humanos e mouse poderia ser reprogramado para gerar células iPS 1-3 com qualidades muito semelhantes às células-tronco embrionárias criou uma valiosa fonte de novas células pluripotentes para descoberta de medicamentos, terapia celular, e pesquisa básica. Media GIBCO e reagentes têm estado na vanguarda da pesquisa com células-tronco pluripotentes por anos. Knockout DMEM suplementado com Knockout Serum substituição é a mídia de sua escolha para o crescimento de células-tronco embrionárias e, agora, de cultura de células iPS 3-9. Este padrão ouro sistema de mídia agora pode ser usado para alimentação livre de cultura com a adição de Knockout SR Cocktail Fator de Crescimento. ES humana e métodos tradicionais de cultura de células iPS requerem o uso de mouse ou camadas de alimentação humana de fibroblastos, ou alimentador condicionado médio. Estes métodos cultura são de trabalho intensivo, difícil de escala e é difícil manter quadris células indiferenciadas, devido às condições indefinido. Invitrogen desenvolveu Knockout SR Cocktail Fator de Crescimento para permitir que você facilmente transição seus quadris e culturas de células-tronco embrionárias humanas para alimentação livre, mantendo o uso do SR Knockout.

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Cryopreserving and Recovering of Human iPS Cells using Complete KnockOut Serum Replacement Feeder-Free Medium at JoVE.com

Cryopreserving and Recovering of Human iPS Cells using Complete KnockOut Serum Replacement Feeder-Free Medium

Este protocolo descreve o procedimento detalhado para a criopreservação de células iPS humanas no meio de criopreservação KnockOut SR e recuperação destas células em completa KnockOut Feeder SR Free (KSR-FF) médio ou alimentação baseada em médias KnockOut SR.

Criopreservação e recuperação das células humanas iPS usando KnockOut Completa Feeder livre de substituição de soro Médio

The discovery in 2006 that human and mouse fibroblasts could be reprogrammed to generate iPS cells 1-3 with qualities remarkably similar to embryonic stem ...

cryopreserving-recovering-human-ips-cells-using-complete-knockout

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Biology

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Vídeo: Cryopreserving and Recovering of Human iPS Cells using Complete KnockOut Serum Replacement Feeder-Free Medium

Predicting the Effectiveness of Population Replacement Strategy Using Mathematical Modeling

Charles Taylor and John Marshall explain the utility of mathematical modeling for evaluating the effectiveness of population replacement strategy.  Insight is given into how computational models can provide information on the population dynamics of mosquitoes and the spread of transposable elements through A. gambiae subspecies.  The ethical considerations of releasing genetically modified mosquitoes into the wild are discussed.

Charles Taylor and John Marshall explain the utility of mathematical modeling for evaluating the effectiveness of population replacement strategy. Insight is given into how computational models can provide information on the population dynamics of mosquitoes and the spread of transposable elements through A. gambiae subspecies. The ethical considerations of releasing genetically modified mosquitoes into the wild are discussed.

Prever a eficácia da estratégia de substituição População Usando Modelagem Matemática

Charles Taylor and John Marshall explain the utility of mathematical modeling for evaluating the effectiveness of population replacement strategy.  ...

Biologia

Generating iPS Cells from MEFS through Forced Expression of Sox-2, Oct-4, c-Myc, and Klf4

Pluripotency can be induced in differentiated murine by viral transduction of Oct4, Sox2, Klf4, and c-Myc (Takahashi and Yamanaka, 2006; Wernig, et al., 2007; Okita, et al., 2007; Maherali, et al., 2007). We have devised a reprogramming strategy in which these four transcription factors are expressed from doxycycline (dox)-inducible lentiviral vectors (Brambrink et al., 2008). Using these inducible constructs, we can derive induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells from mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs). In this video, we demonstrate the procedure for the generation of inducible lentiviruses that express the four transcription factors and show how to infect MEFs with these viruses in order to produce iPS cells. By using inducible lentiviruses, the expression of the four factors in controlled by the addition of doxycyline to the culture medium. The advantage of this system over the traditional retroviral infection is the ability to turn the genes on and off so that the kinetics of reprogramming and gene expression requirements can be analyzed in detail.

This video shows the procedure for generating induced pluripotent stem cells using inducible lentivirus that express Oct4, Sox2, c-Myc and Klf4.

Geração de iPS a partir de células MEFS através da expressão forçada de Sox-2, Oct-4, c-Myc e KLF4

Pluripotency can be induced in differentiated murine by viral transduction of Oct4, Sox2, Klf4, and c-Myc (Takahashi and Yamanaka, 2006;  Wernig, et al., ...

Isolation and Animal Serum Free Expansion of Human Umbilical Cord Derived Mesenchymal Stromal Cells (MSCs) and Endothelial Colony Forming Progenitor Cells (ECFCs)

The umbilical cord is a rich source for progenitor cells with high proliferative potential including mesenchymal stromal cells (also termed mesenchymal stem cells, MSCs) and endothelial colony forming progenitor cells (ECFCs). Both cell types are key players in maintaining the integrity of tissue and are probably also involved in regenerative processes and tumor formation.
To study their biology and function in a comparative manner it is important to have both cells types available from the same donor. It may also be beneficial for regenerative purposes to derive MSCs and ECFCs from the same tissue.
Because cellular therapeutics should eventually find their way from bench to bedside we established a new method to isolate and further expand progenitor cells without the use of animal protein. Pooled human platelet lysate (pHPL) replaced fetal bovine serum in all steps of our protocol to completely avoid contact of the cells to xenogeneic proteins.
This video demonstrates a methodology for the isolation and expansion of progenitor cells from one umbilical cord.
All materials and procedures will be described.

Isolation and Animal Serum Free Expansion of Human Umbilical Cord Derived Mesenchymal Stromal Cells MSCs and Endothelial Colony Forming Progenitor Cells ECFCs

This protocol describes the isolation and subsequent expansion of mesenchymal stromal cells and endothelial colony forming cells without the use of animal serum to generate autologous pairs for experimental transplantation purposes.

Isolamento e animais de Expansão de soro livre de cordão umbilical humano Derivado células mesenquimais estromais (MSCs) e endoteliais Células Progenitoras Colony Forming (ECFCs)

The umbilical cord is a rich source for progenitor cells with high proliferative potential including mesenchymal stromal cells (also termed mesenchymal ...

Feeder-Free Adaptation, Culture and Passaging of Human IPS Cells using Complete KnockOut Serum Replacement Feeder-Free Medium

The discovery in 2006 that human and mouse fibroblasts could be reprogrammed to generate iPS cells 1-3 with qualities remarkably similar to embryonic stem cells has created a valuable new source of pluripotent cells for drug discovery, cell therapy, and basic research.
GIBCO media and reagents have been at the forefront of pluripotent stem cell research for years. Knockout DMEM supplemented with Knockout Serum Replacement is the media of choice for embryonic stem cell growth and now iPS cell culture 3-9. This gold standard media system can now be used for feeder-free culture with the addition of Knockout SR Growth Factor Cocktail.
Traditional human ES and iPS cell culture methods require the use of mouse or human fibroblast feeder layers, or feeder-conditioned medium. These culture methods are labor-intensive, hard to scale and it is difficult to maintain hiPS cells undifferentiated due to the undefined conditions. Invitrogen has developed Knockout SR Growth Factor Cocktail to allow you to easily transition your hiPS cell cultures to feeder-free while still maintaining your use of Knockout SR.

The following protocol provides instruction for adapting human induced Pluripotent Stem (iPS) Cells to feeder-free culture using complete KnockOut Serum Replacement Feeder-Free medium (KSR-FF). Once adapted, instructions for continual maintenance are also provided.

Alimentador livre adaptação, Cultura e Passaging de células iPS humanas usando Completa KnockOut Alimentador-Free substituição Serum Médio

Generation of Human Cardiomyocytes: A Differentiation Protocol from Feeder-free Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells

In order to investigate the events driving heart development and to determine the molecular mechanisms leading to myocardial diseases in humans, it is essential first to generate functional human cardiomyocytes (CMs). The use of these cells in drug discovery and toxicology studies would also be highly beneficial, allowing new pharmacological molecules for the treatment of cardiac disorders to be validated pre-clinically on cells of human origin. Of the possible sources of CMs, induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells are among the most promising, as they can be derived directly from readily accessible patient tissue and possess an intrinsic capacity to give rise to all cell types of the body 1. Several methods have been proposed for differentiating iPS cells into CMs, ranging from the classical embryoid bodies (EBs) aggregation approach to chemically defined protocols 2,3. In this article we propose an EBs-based protocol and show how this method can be employed to efficiently generate functional CM-like cells from feeder-free iPS cells.

Pluripotent stem cells, either embryonic or induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells, constitute a valuable source of human differentiated cells, including cardiomyocytes. Here, we will focus on cardiac induction of iPS cells, showing how to use them to obtain functional human cardiomyocytes through an embryoid bodies-based protocol.

Geração de cardiomiócitos Humanos: Um Protocolo de Diferenciação de Feeder livres Humanos células-tronco pluripotentes induzidas

In order to investigate the events driving heart development and to determine the molecular mechanisms leading to myocardial diseases in humans, it is ...

Isolation of Small Noncoding RNAs from Human Serum

The analysis of RNA and its expression is a common feature in many laboratories. Of significance is the emergence of small RNAs like microRNAs, which are found in mammalian cells. These small RNAs are potent gene regulators controlling vital pathways such as growth, development and death and much interest has been directed at their expression in bodily fluids. This is due to their dysregulation in human diseases such as cancer and their potential application as serum biomarkers. However, the analysis of miRNA expression in serum may be problematic. In most cases the amount of serum is limiting and serum contains low amounts of total RNA, of which small RNAs only constitute 0.4-0.5%1. Thus the isolation of sufficient amounts of quality RNA from serum is a major challenge to researchers today. In this technical paper, we demonstrate a method which uses only 400 &#181;l of human serum to obtain sufficient RNA for either DNA arrays or qPCR analysis. The advantages of this method are its simplicity and ability to yield high quality RNA. It requires no specialized columns for purification of small RNAs and utilizes general reagents and hardware found in common laboratories. Our method utilizes a Phase Lock Gel to eliminate phenol contamination while at the same time yielding high quality RNA. We also introduce an additional step to further remove all contaminants during the isolation step. This protocol is very effective in isolating yields of total RNA of up to 100 ng/&#181;l from serum but can also be adapted for other biological tissues.

This protocol describes a method for extracting small RNAs from human serum. We have used this method to isolate microRNAs from cancer serum for use in DNA arrays and also singleplex quantitative PCR. The protocol utilizes phenol and guanidinium thiocyanate reagents with modifications to yield high quality RNA.

Isolamento de ARN a partir de pequenas não-codificante de Soro Humano

The analysis of RNA and its expression is a common feature in many laboratories. Of significance is the emergence of small RNAs like microRNAs, which are ...

MicroRNA Expression Profiles of Human iPS Cells, Retinal Pigment Epithelium Derived From iPS, and Fetal Retinal Pigment Epithelium

The objective of this report is to describe the protocols for comparing the microRNA (miRNA) profiles of human induced-pluripotent stem (iPS) cells, retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) derived from human iPS cells (iPS-RPE), and fetal RPE. The protocols include collection of RNA for analysis by microarray, and the analysis of microarray data to identify miRNAs that are differentially expressed among three cell types. The methods for culture of iPS cells and fetal RPE are explained. The protocol used for differentiation of RPE from human iPS is also described. The RNA extraction technique we describe was selected to allow maximal recovery of very small RNA for use in a miRNA microarray. Finally, cellular pathway and network analysis of microarray data is explained. These techniques will facilitate the comparison of the miRNA profiles of three different cell types.

The microRNA (miRNA) profiles of human induced-pluripotent stem (iPS) cells, retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) derived from human induced-pluripotent stem (iPS) cells (iPS-RPE), and fetal RPE, were compared.

Perfis de expressão de microRNA iPS Human Cells, Retinal Pigment Epithelium Derivado de Ips, e Fetal Retinal Pigment Epithelium

The objective of this report is to describe the protocols for comparing the microRNA (miRNA) profiles of human induced-pluripotent stem (iPS) cells, ...

Efficient iPS Cell Generation from Blood Using Episomes and HDAC Inhibitors

This manuscript illustrates a protocol for efficiently creating integration-free human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) from peripheral blood using episomal plasmids and histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors. The advantages of this approach include: (1) the use of a minimal amount of peripheral blood as a source material; (2) nonintegrating reprogramming vectors; (3) a cost effective method for generating vector free iPSCs; (4) a single transfection; and (5) the use of small molecules to facilitate epigenetic reprogramming. Briefly, peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) are isolated from routine phlebotomy samples and then cultured in defined growth factors to yield a highly proliferative erythrocyte progenitor cell population that is remarkably amenable to reprogramming. Nonintegrating, nontransmissible episomal plasmids expressing OCT4, SOX2, KLF4, MYCL, LIN28A, and a p53 short hairpin (sh)RNA are introduced into the derived erythroblasts via a single nucleofection. Cotransfection of an episome that expresses enhanced green fluorescent protein (eGFP) allows for easy identification of transfected cells. A separate replication-deficient plasmid expressing Epstein-Barr nuclear antigen 1 (EBNA1) is also added to the reaction mixture for increased expression of episomal proteins. Transfected cells are then plated onto a layer of irradiated mouse embryonic fibroblasts (iMEFs) for continued reprogramming. As soon as iPSC-like colonies appear at about twelve days after nucleofection, HDAC inhibitors are added to the medium to facilitate epigenetic remodeling. We have found that the inclusion of HDAC inhibitors routinely increases the generation of fully reprogrammed iPSC colonies by 2 fold. Once iPSC colonies exhibit typical human embryonic stem cell (hESC) morphology, they are gently transferred to individual iMEF-coated tissue culture plates for continued growth and expansion.

Here we describe a protocol for generating human induced pluripotent stem cells from peripheral blood using an episome based reprogramming strategy and histone deacetylase inhibitors.

Eficiente Geração células iPS a partir de sangue, utilizando epissomas e HDAC Inibidores

This manuscript illustrates a protocol for efficiently creating integration-free human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) from peripheral blood using ...

Comparative Analysis of Human Growth Hormone in Serum Using SPRi, Nano-SPRi and ELISA Assays

Sensitive and selective methods for the detection of human growth hormone (hGH) over a wide range of concentrations (high levels of 50-100 ng ml&#8722;1 and minimum levels of 0.03 ng ml&#8722;1) in circulating blood are essential as variable levels may indicate altered physiology. For example, growth disorders occurring in childhood can be diagnosed by measuring levels of hGH in blood. Also, the misuse of recombinant hGH in sports not only poses an ethical issue it also presents serious health threats to the abuser. One popular strategy for measuring hGH misuse, relies on the detection of the ratio of 22 kDa hGH to total hGH, as non-22 kDa endogenous levels drop after exogenous recombinant hGH (rhGH) administration. Surface plasmon resonance imaging (SPRi) is an analytical tool that allows direct (label-free) monitoring and visualization of biomolecular interactions by recording changes of the refractive index adjacent to the sensor surface in real time. In contrast, the most frequently used colorimetric method, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) uses enzyme labeled detection antibodies to indirectly measure analyte concentration after the addition of a substrate that induces a color change. To increase detection sensitivity, amplified SPRi uses a sandwich assay format and near infrared quantum dots (QDs) to increase signal strength. After direct SPRi detection of recombinant rhGH in spiked human serum, the SPRi signal is amplified by the sequential injection of detection antibody coated with near-infrared QDs (Nano-SPRi). In this study, the diagnostic potential of direct and amplified SPRi was assessed for measuring rhGH spiked in human serum and compared directly with the capabilities of a commercially available ELISA kit.

The proposed work assesses the diagnostic potential of direct and amplified surface plasmon resonance imaging (SPRi) assays, particularly for the detection of recombinant human growth hormone in spiked human serum, by comparing SPRi results directly with commercially available enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kit.

Análise comparativa da hormona de crescimento humano no soro utilizando SPRI, Nano-SPRI e ELISA Assays

Sensitive and selective methods for the detection of human growth hormone (hGH) over a wide range of concentrations (high levels of 50-100 ng ml&#8722;1 ...

In Situ Monitoring of Transiently Formed Molecular Chaperone Assemblies in Bacteria, Yeast, and Human Cells

J-domain proteins (JDPs) form the largest and the most diverse co-chaperone family in eukaryotic cells. Recent findings show that specific members of the JDP family could form transient heterocomplexes in eukaryotes to fine-tune substrate selection for the 70 kDa heat shock protein (Hsp70) chaperone-based protein disaggregases. The JDP complexes target acute/chronic stress induced aggregated proteins and presumably help assemble the disaggregases by recruiting multiple Hsp70s to the surface of protein aggregates. The extent of the protein quality control (PQC) network formed by these physically interacting JDPs remains largely uncharacterized in vivo. Here, we describe a microscopy-based in situ protein interaction assay named the proximity ligation assay (PLA), which is able to robustly capture&#160;these transiently formed chaperone complexes in distinct cellular compartments of eukaryotic cells. Our work expands the employment of PLA from human cells to yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) and bacteria (Escherichia coli), thus rendering an important tool to monitor the dynamics of transiently formed protein assemblies in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.

Cognate J-domain proteins cooperate with the Hsp70 chaperone to assist in a myriad of biological processes ranging from protein folding to degradation. Here, we describe an in situ proximity ligation assay, which allows the monitoring of these transiently formed chaperone machineries in bacterial, yeast and human cells.

Monitoração in situ de montagens moleculars formadas Transientemente do chaperone nas bactérias, no fermento, e nas pilhas humanas

J-domain proteins (JDPs) form the largest and the most diverse co-chaperone family in eukaryotic cells. Recent findings show that specific members of the ...