Yazarlar, in vitro perfüzyon odasında tasarımı için Jack Milwid teşekkür etmek istiyorum . Bu çalışma, KU, ABD NSF CBET KU ve BEU Çocuklar için Shriners Hastaneler-0853569 MY, R00DK080942 R01DK59766 ve R01DK084053 ABD NIH, hibe (hibe hiçbir 8503) tarafından desteklenmiştir. Biz de destek ve Çocuklar için Shriners Hastaneler kabul etmiş sayılırsınız.

1. Karaciğer Decellularization <ol><li> Portal ven kanülasyonu ve 18-gauge kateter ile sıçan karaciğer Hasat. Inferior ve superior vena kava açık bırakın. Organ sulu tutun fosfat tamponlu salin (PBS) 10 cm&#39;lik petri. </li><li> 8-litrelik rezervuar, peristaltik pompa ve bir baloncuk kapanı oluşan bir perfüzyon sistemi kurun. </li><li> Perfüzyon sistemi doldurun fosfat tamponlu salin ve 10 dakika boyunca çalışmaya devam. 10 cm&#39;lik petri kaplarına PBS doldurun ve fosfat akış hızı 1 ml / dk tamponlu salin azaltmak. </li><li> Dikkatlice hasat karaciğer transferi fosfat tamponlu tuzlu su dolu 10 cm&#39;lik petri. </li><li> Gecede PBS perfüzyon ile devam edin. </li><li> Distile su içinde 5 dakika boyunca% 0,01 (w / v) sodyum dodesil sülfat (SDS) ile perfüzyon başlayın. </li><li> PBS ile 1 saat serpmek. </li><li> Her seferinde 10, 15 ve 20 dakika SDS perfüzyon süresi artan adımları 1.6 ve 1.7 üç kez daha tekrarlayın. </li><li> 24 saat boyunca% 0,01 (w / v) SDS ile perfüzyon devam edin. </li><li> 24 saat boyunca% 0.1 (w / v) SDS ile perfüzyon devam edin. </li><li> 3 saat boyunca% 0.2 (w / v) SDS serpmek. </li><li> 3 saat boyunca% 0.5 (w / v) SDS serpmek. </li><li> Distile su ile 15 dakika boyunca serpmek. </li><li> % 1 (w / v) distile su ile Triton X-100 ile bağlı herhangi bir nükleik asitlerin kaldırmak için 30 dakika boyunca serpmek. </li><li> Decellularized karaciğer matrisi (DLM), 2 saat süreyle PBS ile serpmek yıkayın. </li><li> İsteğe bağlı: median lob dışında bütün lobları rezeke. </li><li> Kullanmak için hazır (Şekil 1) kadar 4 o C&#39;de PBS batırılmış temiz ve mühürlü bir Petri kabındaki DLM saklayın . </li><li> DLM sterilize etmek için: 1) steril PBS 4 o C&#39;de% 0.1 (v / v) perasetik asit ve% 4 (v / v) etanol ve 3 saat inkübe içeren DLM yıkayın 2) steril PBS 2 kez yıkayın. 3)% 2 penisilin-streptomisin, 10ug / ml gentamisin ve 2.5 ug / ml amfoterisin B Store recellularization deneyler için kullanmaya hazır olana kadar 4 o C&#39;de aynı çözüm decellularized karaciğer içeren steril PBS ile yıkayın. </li></ol> 2. Decellularized Karaciğer Matrix, Recellularization <ol><li> Perfüzyon odası, peristaltik pompa ve steril koşullar altında bir baloncuk tuzağı oluşan bir perfüzyon sistemi kurun. 200 ml kültür ortamı, örneğin, yüksek glukoz DMEM (Sigma),% 10 fetal sığır serumu (Hyclone), 100 U mL -1 penisilin ve 100 mg ml -1 streptomisin (Invitrogen) ile perfüzyon sistemi doldurun. </li><li> Perfüzyon odasında decellularized karaciğer matris yerleştirin ve herhangi bir hava kabarcığı oluşumunu önlemek için 5 ml / dak pompa çalışırken portal ven kanül aracılığı ile perfüzyon sistemine DLM bağlamak. </li><li> 30 dakika boyunca DLM yoluyla orta perfüzyon izin verin. </li><li> En az% 90 canlılığı ile yetişkin bir fare primer hepatositlerde izole edin. </li><li> Perfüzyon sistemi akışını durdurun ve perfüzyon sistemine yavaş yavaş balonu tuzak üzerinden 50 milyon hepatositler (1-3 ml kültür ortamı) enjekte edilir. </li><li> 10 ml / dk akış başlayın ve 10 dakika boyunca orta sirküle. </li><li> DLM (Şekil 2) 6 olmak üzere toplam 200 milyon hücre içine tanıtıldı kadar 2.5 ve 2.6 adımları tekrarlayın. </li><li> Bir kez tüm hücreleri DLM perfüze olan, 10 dakika boyunca 600 rpm&#39;de dört adet 50-ml santrifüj tüplerine ve santrifüj perfüzat toplamak. Süpernatantlar atın ve tek bir tüp içine pelet toplamak. Tohumlama verimliliği belirlemek tripan mavi dışlama yoluyla hücreler ve canlılığı sayısını belirler. </li></ol> 3 Recellularized Karaciğer Greft Vitro Kültür <ol><li> Perfüzyon odası, steril koşullar altında (Şekil 3) peristaltik pompa, oksijenatör ve bir baloncuk kapanı oluşan bir perfüzyon sistemi kurun. 50 ml kültür ortamı ile perfüzyon sistemi doldurun, örneğin, Williams &#39;E (Sigma),% 5 fetal sığır serumu (Hyclone), 0.5 U mL -1 insülin (Eli Lilly), 20 ng mL-1 EGF (Invitrogen) , 14 ng ml -1 glukagon (Bedford Laboratories), 7.5 mg mL -1 hidrokortizon (Pharmacia), 100 U mL -1 penisilin, ve 100 mg mL -1 streptomisin (Invitrogen). </li><li> Perfüzyon odasında recellularized karaciğer greft yerleştirin ve herhangi bir hava kabarcığı oluşumunu önlemek için 5 ml / dak pompa çalışırken portal ven kanül aracılığı ile perfüzyon sistemine DLM bağlamak. </li><li> Aseptik perfüzyon odasına yakın ve kültür sırasında herhangi bir sızıntıyı önlemek için sıkı bir şekilde yapışması. </li><li> 37 o C ve% 10 CO bir kuluçka perfüzyon sistemi Transfer 2 ve 15 ml / dak perfüzyon akım hızı artırmak. </li><li> % 95 O 2 ve% 5 CO 2 gaz karışımı tankı oksijenatör bağlayın ve gaz debisi 0.5 litre / dakikaya kadar ayarlayabilirsiniz. Bu approxima bir oksijen kısmi basıncı eldetely 400 mmHg. </li><li> Kültür, kültür ortamı günlük değişiklikler ile 10 gün kadar devam edebilir. Kültür ortamı, albümin, üre ve toplam safra asit salgılanması gibi greft, karaciğer fonksiyonlarının izlenmesi için günlük numune olabilir. Recellularized karaciğer greft kültür dönemi sonunda, moleküler ve histolojik analiz için numune olabilir. </li></ol> 4. Temsilcisi Sonuçlar: Sıçan karaciğer decellularization açıklanan protokolünü kullanarak yaklaşık 72 saat sürer. Ortaya çıkan matris,% 100, fibriler kollajen glikozaminoglikanlar% 50 ve sadece% 5 yerli karaciğer DNA (Tablo 1) 6 korur . Matrisin vasküler yapı korozyona döküm ve taramalı elektron mikroskobu analizi (Şekil 4) 6 kanıtladığı gibi korunur. DLM içinde vasküler mikromimarisinin varlığı,% 96 verimlilik ve in vitro kültür için bir sonraki perfüzyon hücreleri ile repopulation kolaylaştırır. Recellularized karaciğer greft in vitro olarak 10 gün kadar kültürlü ve albümin, üre ve toplam safra asit salgılanması (Şekil 5) 6 üzerinden teyit uygun karaciğer fonksiyonları görüntüler olabilir. <img src="/files/ftp_upload/2394/2394fig1.jpg" alt="Şekil 1" /> Şekil 1 decellularization süreç sonunda karaciğer matris Decellularized. (A) tüm karaciğer rezeksiyonu sonrası (b), medyan lobu. <img src="/files/ftp_upload/2394/2394fig2.jpg" alt="Şekil 2" /> Şekil 2 DLM recellularization şematik. <img src="/files/ftp_upload/2394/2394fig3.jpg" alt="Şekil 3" /> Şekil 3 recellularized karaciğer greft in vitro kültürü Perfüzyon sistem kurulumu. <img src="/files/ftp_upload/2394/2394fig4.jpg" alt="Şekil 4" /> Şekil 4 mikrovasküler yapıyı decellularized karaciğer matris korunur. A) normal karaciğer b) decellularized karaciğer, portal (kırmızı) ve venöz (mavi) damarsal Korozyon döküm görüntüler. Tarama elektron mikroskobu görüntüleri DLM c) Bir gemi, d) safra kanalı gibi küçük damarlarda (oklar), Ölçek çubukları (a, b) 5 mm (c, d) 20 mikron bir bölüm. <img src="/files/ftp_upload/2394/2394fig5.jpg" alt="Şekil 5" /> Şekil 5 in vitro perfüzyon kültür sırasında recellularized karaciğer greft Karaciğer özel fonksiyonlar . a) albümin sekresyon (p = 0,5249), b) üre üretimi (p = 0,5271) ve c) toplam safra asit salgılanması (p = 0,0114). A = 0.01 Friedman testi ile 10 gün kültür dönemi boyunca deney ve kontrol arasındaki fark istatistiksel analizi yapıldı. Hata çubukları sem (n = 3) temsil eder. <table border="1"><tbody><tr><td></td><td> Taze livera </td><td> Decellularized karaciğer matris </td><td rowspan="2"> p-değerleri </td><td rowspan="2"> % Taze karaciğer </td></tr><tr><td></td><td> n = 4 </td><td> n = 8 </td></tr><tr><td> Kollajen </td><td rowspan="2"> 0.07 ± 0.01 </td><td rowspan="2"> 0.08 ± 0.03 </td><td rowspan="2"> 0,56 </td><td rowspan="2"> % 114 </td></tr><tr><td> (G karaciğer mg) </td></tr><tr><td> Glikozaminoglikanlar </td><td rowspan="2"> 73.1 ± 6.7 </td><td rowspan="2"> 34.2 ± 2.9 </td><td rowspan="2"> 0,004 </td><td rowspan="2"> % 47 </td></tr><tr><td> (G karaciğer mg) </td></tr><tr><td> DNA </td><td rowspan="2"> 14.9 ± 5.6 </td><td rowspan="2"> 0.44 ± 0.08 </td><td rowspan="2"> 3.3 10 -5 </td><td rowspan="2"> % 2.9 </td></tr><tr><td> (G karaciğer mg) </td></tr></tbody></table> (Tablo 1). Decellularized karaciğer matris biyokimyasal bileşimi yerli karaciğer göre. Değerler ortalama ± sem olarak temsil edilir

<ol>
	<li>Kulig, K. M., Vacanti, J. P. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Hepatic+tissue+engineering.">Hepatic tissue engineering.</a> Transpl Immunol. 12, 303-310 (2004).</li><li>Lutolf, M. P., Hubbell, J. A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Synthetic+biomaterials+as+instructive+extracellular+microenvironments+for+morphogenesis+in+tissue+engineering.">Synthetic biomaterials as instructive extracellular microenvironments for morphogenesis in tissue engineering.</a> Nature biotechnology. 23, 47-55 (2005).</li><li>Dahl, S. L., Koh, J., Prabhakar, V., Niklason, L. E. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Decellularized+native+and+engineered+arterial+scaffolds+for+transplantation.">Decellularized native and engineered arterial scaffolds for transplantation.</a> Cell Transplant. 12, 659-666 (2003).</li><li>Schechner, J. S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Engraftment+of+a+vascularized+human+skin+equivalent.">Engraftment of a vascularized human skin equivalent.</a> FASEB J. 17, 2250-2256 (2003).</li><li>Gilbert, T. W., Sellaro, T. L., Badylak, S. F., F, S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Decellularization+of+tissues+and+organs.">Decellularization of tissues and organs.</a> Biomaterials. 27, 3675-3683 (2006).</li><li>Uygun, B. E. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Organ+reengineering+through+development+of+a+transplantable+recellularized+liver+graft+using+decellularized+liver+matrix.">Organ reengineering through development of a transplantable recellularized liver graft using decellularized liver matrix.</a> Nat Med. , (2010).</li></ol>

Burada açıklanan perfüzyon decellularization yöntemi aynı brüt yapısı ve yerli karaciğer vasküler mikromimarisini bir bütün karaciğer iskele üretir. Iskele yerli karaciğer benzer bir ekstrasellüler matriks kompozisyonu vardır. Recellularization yöntemi, yüksek verimliliği ve hücrelerin hücreleri in vitro kültür dönemde test sırasında uygulanabilir ve işlevsel kalır iskele repopulation ulaşır . Recellularized karaciğer dokusuna nonparenchymal hücrelerinin yanı sıra, bi...

A correction was made to <a href="http://www.jove.com/Details.php?ID=2394">Decellularization and Recellularization of Whole Livers</a>. There was an error with an author's name. The author's last name had a typo and was corrected to:
Nima Saeidi
instead of:
Nima Saedi.

Erratum: Decellularization and Recellularization of Whole Livers

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<td>Sodium dodecyl sulfate</td>
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<td>Triton X-100</td>
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decellularization and recellularization of whole livers

Karaciğer, 1 hayatta kalmak için besin ve oksijen ve atıkların uzaklaştırılması teslimat için sürekli perfüzyon gerektiren karmaşık bir organdır . , Karaciğer mikroyapı, doku mühendisliği ve imalat teknikleri kullanarak bir yaklaşım gerekçeleri ile birlikte yeniden ya da taklit etmek için çabaları şimdiye kadar bu tasarım sorunu nedeniyle başarılı olamamıştır. Buna ek olarak, karaciğer doku mühendisliği uygulamaları için iskeleler oluşturmak için kullanılan sentetik biyomateryaller uygun hücre fonksiyonlarını 2 neden belirli bir hücre bağlayıcı motifleri eksikliği nedeniyle büyük ölçüde doku rejenerasyonu ve onarım inducing sınırlı kalmıştır. Diğer taraftan Decellularized doğal dokular, kan damarları 3 ve 4 cilt, doku mühendisliği birçok uygulama var ve zorlukların bazı pratik bir çözüm sağladı . Decellularized yerli matris avantajı dolayısıyla hücre eki ve yeniden yapılanma 5 artırılması, bir ölçüde, orijinal kompozisyon ve mikroyapı korumasını. Bu çalışmada biz büyük kan damarlarının yapısını korur sağlam bir karaciğer bioscaffold elde olduğu gibi, karaciğer perfüzyon decellularization, gerçekleştirmek için yöntemler açıklanmaktadır. Ayrıca, in vitro fonksiyonel bir karaciğer grefti yetişkin birincil hepatositler bu bioscaffolds recellularize yöntemleri tarif ve in vivo nakli için gerekli damar erişimi vardır.

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Decellularization and Recellularization of Whole Livers at JoVE.com

Decellularization and Recellularization of Whole Livers

Perfüzyon decellularization organ ekstraselüler matriks kompozisyonu ve mikromimarisini korur tüm karaciğer iskeleleri üretmek için yeni bir tekniktir. Burada, hepatositler ile perfüzyon decellularization ve sonraki repopulation kullanarak tüm organı iskeleleri hazırlama yöntemi açıklanmıştır. Fonksiyonel ve transplante karaciğer greft tekniği kullanılarak oluşturulabilir.

Tüm karaciğerleri Decellularization ve Recellularization

The liver is a complex organ which requires constant perfusion for delivery of nutrients and oxygen and removal of waste in order to survive1. Efforts to ...

decellularization-and-recellularization-of-whole-livers

Research

JoVE Journal

Bioengineering

21.9K Görüntüleme.  Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Shriners Hospitals for Children. Perfüzyon decellularization organ ekstraselüler matriks kompozisyonu ve mikromimarisini korur tüm karaciğer iskeleleri üretmek için yeni bir tekniktir. Burada, hepatositler ile perfüzyon decellularization ve sonraki repopulation kullanarak tüm organı iskeleleri hazırlama yöntemi açıklanmıştır. Fonksiyonel ve transplante karaciğer greft tekniği kullanılarak oluşturulabilir.

Video: Decellularization and Recellularization of Whole Livers

Procedure for Decellularization of Porcine Heart by Retrograde Coronary Perfusion

Perfusion-based whole organ decellularization has recently gained interest in the field of tissue engineering as a means to create site-specific extracellular matrix scaffolds, while largely preserving the native architecture of the scaffold. To date, this approach has been utilized in a variety of organ systems, including the heart, lung, and liver 1-5. Previous decellularization methods for tissues without an easily accessible vascular network have relied upon prolonged exposure of tissue to solutions of detergents, acids, or enzymatic treatments as a means to remove the cellular and nuclear components from the surrounding extracellular environment6-8. However, the effectiveness of these methods hinged upon the ability of the solutions to permeate the tissue via diffusion. In contrast, perfusion of organs through the natural vascular system effectively reduced the diffusion distance and facilitated transport of decellularization agents into the tissue and cellular components out of the tissue. Herein, we describe a method to fully decellularize an intact porcine heart through coronary retrograde perfusion. The protocol yielded a fully decellularized cardiac extracellular matrix (c-ECM) scaffold with the three-dimensional structure of the heart intact. Our method used a series of enzymes, detergents, and acids coupled with hypertonic and hypotonic rinses to aid in the lysis and removal of cells. The protocol used a Trypsin solution to detach cells from the matrix followed by Triton X-100 and sodium deoxycholate solutions to aid in removal of cellular material. The described protocol also uses perfusion speeds of greater than 2 L/min for extended periods of time. The high flow rate, coupled with solution changes allowed transport of agents to the tissue without contamination of cellular debris and ensured effective rinsing of the tissue. The described method removed all nuclear material from native porcine cardiac tissue, creating a site-specific cardiac ECM scaffold that can be used for a variety of applications.

A method to rapidly and completely remove cellular components from an intact porcine heart through retrograde perfusion is described. This method yields a site specific cardiac extracellular matrix scaffold which has the potential for use in multiple clinical applications.

Retrograd Koroner Perfüzyon tarafından Domuz Kalp Decellularization Prosedürü

Perfusion-based  whole organ decellularization has recently gained interest in the field of  tissue engineering as a means to create site-specific ...

Biyomühendislik

A Decellularization Methodology for the Production of a Natural Acellular Intestinal Matrix

Successful tissue engineering involves the combination of scaffolds with appropriate cells in vitro or in vivo. Scaffolds may be synthetic, naturally-derived or derived from tissues/organs. The latter are obtained using a technique called decellularization. Decellularization may involve a combination of physical, chemical, and enzymatic methods. The goal of this technique is to remove all cellular traces whilst maintaining the macro- and micro-architecture of the original tissue.
Intestinal tissue engineering has thus far used relatively simple scaffolds that do not replicate the complex architecture of the native organ. The focus of this paper is to describe an efficient decellularization technique for rat small intestine. The isolation of the small intestine so as to ensure the maintenance of a vascular connection is described. The combination of chemical and enzymatic solutions to remove the cells whilst preserving the villus-crypt axis in the luminal aspect of the scaffold is also set out. Finally, assessment of produced scaffolds for appropriate characteristics is discussed.

The article describes a methodology for the production of an acellular matrix from rat intestine. The derivation of intestinal scaffolds is important for future applications in tissue engineering, stem cell biology and drug testing.

Doğal Aselüler Bağırsak Matrix&#39;in üretimi için bir Decellularization Metodoloji

Successful tissue engineering involves the  combination of scaffolds with appropriate cells in vitro or in vivo.  Scaffolds may be synthetic, ...

Nonhuman Primate Lung Decellularization and Recellularization Using a Specialized Large-organ Bioreactor

There are an insufficient number of lungs available to meet current and future organ transplantation needs. Bioartificial tissue regeneration is an attractive alternative to classic organ transplantation. This technology utilizes an organ&#39;s natural biological extracellular matrix (ECM) as a scaffold onto which autologous or stem/progenitor cells may be seeded and cultured in such a way that facilitates regeneration of the original tissue. The natural ECM is isolated by a process called decellularization. Decellularization is accomplished by treating tissues with a series of detergents, salts, and enzymes to achieve effective removal of cellular material while leaving the ECM intact. Studies conducted utilizing decellularization and subsequent recellularization of rodent lungs demonstrated marginal success in generating pulmonary-like tissue which is capable of gas exchange in vivo. While offering essential proof-of-concept, rodent models are not directly translatable to human use. Nonhuman primates (NHP) offer a more suitable model in which to investigate the use of bioartificial organ production for eventual clinical use.
The protocols for achieving complete decellularization of lungs acquired from the NHP rhesus macaque are presented. The resulting acellular lungs can be seeded with a variety of cells including mesenchymal stem cells and endothelial cells. The manuscript also describes the development of a bioreactor system in which cell-seeded macaque lungs can be cultured under conditions of mechanical stretch and strain provided by negative pressure ventilation as well as pulsatile perfusion through the vasculature; these forces are known to direct differentiation along pulmonary and endothelial lineages, respectively. Representative results of decellularization and cell seeding are provided.

Whole-organ decellularization produces natural biological scaffolds that may be used for regenerative medicine. The description of a nonhuman primate model of lung regeneration in which whole lungs are decellularized and then seeded with adult stem cells and endothelial cells in a bioreactor that facilitates vascular circulation and liquid media ventilation is presented.

There are an insufficient number of lungs available to meet current and future organ transplantation needs. Bioartificial tissue regeneration is an ...

Microfluidic Platform for Measuring Neutrophil Chemotaxis from Unprocessed Whole Blood

Neutrophils play an essential role in protection against infections and their numbers in the blood are frequently measured in the clinic. Higher neutrophil counts in the blood are usually an indicator of ongoing infections, while low neutrophil counts are a warning sign for higher risks for infections. To accomplish their functions, neutrophils also have to be able to move effectively from the blood where they spend most of their life, into tissues, where infections occur. Consequently, any defects in the ability of neutrophils to migrate can increase the risks for infections, even when neutrophils are present in appropriate numbers in the blood. However, measuring neutrophil migration ability in the clinic is a challenging task, which is time consuming, requires large volume of blood, and expert knowledge. To address these limitations, we designed a robust microfluidic assays for neutrophil migration, which requires a single droplet of unprocessed blood, circumvents the need for neutrophil separation, and is easy to quantify on a simple microscope. In this assay, neutrophils migrate directly from the blood droplet, through small channels, towards the source of chemoattractant. To prevent the granular flow of red blood cells through the same channels, we implemented mechanical filters with right angle turns that selectively block the advance of red blood cells. We validated the assay by comparing neutrophil migration from blood droplets collected from finger prick and venous blood. We also compared these whole blood (WB) sources with neutrophil migration from samples of purified neutrophils and found consistent speed and directionality between the three sources. This microfluidic platform will enable the study of human neutrophil migration in the clinic and the research setting to help advance our understanding of neutrophil functions in health and disease.

This protocol details an assay designed to measure human neutrophil chemotaxis from one droplet of whole blood with robust reproducibility. This approach circumvents the need for neutrophil separation and requires only a few minutes of assay preparation time. The microfluidic chip enables the repeated measure of neutrophil chemotaxis over time in infants or small mammals, where sample volume is limited.

İşlenmemiş kandan Nötrofil Kemotaksis Ölçüm mikroakışkan Platformu

Neutrophils play an essential role in protection against infections and their numbers in the blood are frequently measured in the clinic. Higher ...

Impact Assessment of Repeated Exposure of Organotypic 3D Bronchial and Nasal Tissue Culture Models to Whole Cigarette Smoke

Cigarette smoke (CS) has a major impact on lung biology and may result in the development of lung diseases such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease or lung cancer. To understand the underlying mechanisms of disease development, it would be important to examine the impact of CS exposure directly on lung tissues. However, this approach is difficult to implement in epidemiological studies because lung tissue sampling is complex and invasive. Alternatively, tissue culture models can facilitate the assessment of exposure impacts on the lung tissue. Submerged 2D cell cultures, such as normal human bronchial epithelial (NHBE) cell cultures, have traditionally been used for this purpose. However, they cannot be exposed directly to smoke in a similar manner to the in vivo exposure situation. Recently developed 3D tissue culture models better reflect the in vivo situation because they can be cultured at the air-liquid interface (ALI). Their basal sides are immersed in the culture medium; whereas, their apical sides are exposed to air. Moreover, organotypic tissue cultures that contain different type of cells, better represent the physiology of the tissue in vivo. In this work, the utilization of an in vitro exposure system to expose human organotypic bronchial and nasal tissue models to mainstream CS is demonstrated. Ciliary beating frequency and the activity of cytochrome P450s (CYP) 1A1/1B1 were measured to assess functional impacts of CS on the tissues. Furthermore, to examine CS-induced alterations at the molecular level, gene expression profiles were generated from the tissues following exposure. A slight increase in CYP1A1/1B1 activity was observed in CS-exposed tissues compared with air-exposed tissues. A network-and transcriptomics-based systems biology approach was sufficiently robust to demonstrate CS-induced alterations of xenobiotic metabolism that were similar to those observed in the bronchial and nasal epithelial cells obtained from smokers.

The aim of this protocol is to expose human organotypic 3D bronchial and nasal tissue models to mainstream cigarette smoke (CS) at the air-liquid interface. The impact of CS on the tissues is then investigated using a cytochrome P450 activity assay, a cilia beating measurement, and a systems biology approach.

Tüm Sigara Dumanına Organotipik 3D Bronşiyal ve Burun Doku Kültürü Modelleri Tekrarlanan Pozlama Etki Değerlendirmesi

Cigarette smoke (CS) has a major impact on lung biology and may result in the development of lung diseases such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease ...

Procedure for Decellularization of Rat Livers in an Oscillating-pressure Perfusion Device

Decellularization and recellularization of parenchymal organs may enable the generation of functional organs in vitro, and several protocols for rodent liver decellularization have already been published. We aimed to improve the decellularization process by construction of a proprietary perfusion device enabling selective perfusion via the portal vein and/or the hepatic artery. Furthermore, we sought to perform perfusion under oscillating surrounding pressure conditions to improve the homogeneity of decellularization. The homogeneity of perfusion decellularization has been an underestimated factor to date. During decellularization, areas within the organ that are poorly perfused may still contain cells, whereas the extracellular matrix (ECM) in well-perfused areas may already be affected by alkaline detergents. Oscillating pressure changes can mimic the intraabdominal pressure changes that occur during respiration to optimize microperfusion inside the liver. In the study presented here, decellularized rat liver matrices were analyzed by histological staining, DNA content analysis and corrosion casting. Perfusion via the hepatic artery showed more homogenous results than portal venous perfusion did. The application of oscillating pressure conditions improved the effectiveness of perfusion decellularization. Livers perfused via the hepatic artery and under oscillating pressure conditions showed the best results. The presented techniques for liver harvesting, cannulation and perfusion using our proprietary device enable sophisticated perfusion set-ups to improve decellularization and recellularization experiments in rat livers.

The presented techniques for liver harvesting, cannulation and perfusion using our proprietary device enable sophisticated perfusion set-ups to improve decellularization and recellularization experiments in rat livers.

Bir Salınım basınçlı perfüzyon Aygıt Sıçan karaciğerinin decellularization Prosedürü

Decellularization and recellularization of parenchymal organs may enable the generation of functional organs in vitro, and several protocols for rodent ...

Real-time Monitoring of High Intensity Focused Ultrasound (HIFU) Ablation of In Vitro Canine Livers Using Harmonic Motion Imaging for Focused Ultrasound (HMIFU)

Harmonic Motion Imaging for Focused Ultrasound (HMIFU) is a technique that can perform and monitor high-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) ablation. An oscillatory motion is generated at the focus of a 93-element and 4.5 MHz center frequency HIFU transducer by applying a 25 Hz amplitude-modulated signal using a function generator. A 64-element and 2.5 MHz imaging transducer with 68kPa peak pressure is confocally placed at the center of the HIFU transducer to acquire the radio-frequency (RF) channel data. In this protocol, real-time monitoring of thermal ablation using HIFU with an acoustic power of 7 W on canine livers in vitro is described. HIFU treatment is applied on the tissue during 2 min and the ablated region is imaged in real-time using diverging or plane wave imaging up to 1,000 frames/second. The matrix of RF channel data is multiplied by a sparse matrix for image reconstruction. The reconstructed field of view is of 90&#176; for diverging wave and 20 mm for plane wave imaging and the data are sampled at 80 MHz. The reconstruction is performed on a Graphical Processing Unit (GPU) in order to image in real-time at a 4.5 display frame rate. 1-D normalized cross-correlation of the reconstructed RF data is used to estimate axial displacements in the focal region. The magnitude of the peak-to-peak displacement at the focal depth decreases during the thermal ablation which denotes stiffening of the tissue due to the formation of a lesion. The displacement signal-to-noise ratio (SNRd) at the focal area for plane wave was 1.4 times higher than for diverging wave showing that plane wave imaging appears to produce better displacement maps quality for HMIFU than diverging wave imaging.

Real-time Monitoring of High Intensity Focused Ultrasound HIFU Ablation of In Vitro Canine Livers Using Harmonic Motion Imaging for Focused Ultrasound HMIFU

This article describes real-time monitoring of HIFU ablation in canine liver with high frame rate ultrasound imaging using diverging and plane wave imaging. Harmonic Motion Imaging for Focused Ultrasound is used to image the decrease of acoustic radiation force induced displacement in the ablated region.

Yüksek Yoğunluk Gerçek zamanlı izleme Ultrason (HIFU) Ablasyonu Odaklı<em&gt; İn Vitro</em&gt; Odaklı Ultrason Harmonik Hareket Görüntüleme kullanma Köpek karaciğerler (HMIFU)

Harmonic Motion Imaging for Focused Ultrasound (HMIFU) is a technique that can perform and monitor high-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) ablation. An ...

Comparable Decellularization of Fetal and Adult Cardiac Tissue Explants as 3D-like Platforms for In Vitro Studies

Current knowledge of extracellular matrix (ECM)-cell communication translates to large two-dimensional (2D) in vitro culture studies where ECM components are presented as a surface coating. These culture systems constitute a simplification of the complex nature of the tissue ECM that encompasses biochemical composition, structure, and mechanical properties. To better emulate the ECM-cell communication shaping the cardiac microenvironment, we developed a protocol that allows for the decellularization of the whole fetal heart and adult left ventricle tissue explants simultaneously for comparative studies. The protocol combines the use of a hypotonic buffer, a detergent of anionic surfactant properties, and DNase treatment without any requirement for specialized skills or equipment. The application of the same decellularization strategy across tissue samples from subjects of various age is an alternative approach to perform comparative studies. The present protocol allows the identification of unique structural differences across fetal and adult cardiac ECM mesh and biological cellular responses. Furthermore, the herein methodology demonstrates a broader application being successfully applied in other tissues and species with minor adjustments, such as in human intestine biopsies and mouse lung.

The cardiac extracellular matrix (ECM) is a complex network of molecules that orchestrate key processes in tissues and organs while enduring physiological remodeling throughout life. Standardized decellularization of fetal and adult hearts permits comparative experimental studies of both tissues in a 3D context by capturing native architecture and biomechanical properties.

Vitro çalışmalar için 3D benzeri platformlar olarak Fetal ve yetişkin kalp doku karşılaştırılabilir Decellularization Explants

Current knowledge of extracellular matrix (ECM)-cell communication translates to large two-dimensional (2D) in vitro culture studies where ECM components ...

Two Methods for Decellularization of Plant Tissues for Tissue Engineering Applications

The autologous, synthetic, and animal-derived grafts currently used as scaffolds for tissue replacement have limitations due to low availability, poor biocompatibility, and cost. Plant tissues have favorable characteristics that make them uniquely suited for use as scaffolds, such as high surface area, excellent water transport and retention, interconnected porosity, preexisting vascular networks, and a wide range of mechanical properties. Two successful methods of plant decellularization for tissue engineering applications are described here. The first method is based on detergent baths to remove cellular matter, which is similar to previously established methods used to clear mammalian tissues. The second is a detergent-free method adapted from a protocol that isolates leaf vasculature and involves the use of a heated bleach and salt bath to clear the leaves and stems. Both methods yield scaffolds with comparable mechanical properties and low cellular metabolic impact, thus allowing the user to select the protocol which better suits their intended application.

Here we present, and contrast two protocols used to decellularize plant tissues: a detergent-based approach and a detergent-free approach. Both methods leave behind the extracellular matrix of the plant tissues used, which can then be utilized as scaffolds for tissue engineering applications.

Doku mühendisliği uygulamaları için bitki dokuların Decellularization için iki yöntem

The autologous, synthetic, and animal-derived grafts currently used as scaffolds for tissue replacement have limitations due to low availability, poor ...

Decellularization and Recellularization Methodology for Human Saphenous Veins

Vascular conduits used during most vascular surgeries are allogeneic or synthetic grafts that often lead to complications caused by immunosuppression and poor patency. Tissue engineering offers a novel solution to generate personalized grafts with a natural extracellular matrix containing the recipient&#39;s cells using the method of decellularization and recellularization. We show a detailed method for performing decellularization of the human saphenous vein and recellularization by perfusion of peripheral blood. The vein was decellularized by perfusing 1% Triton X-100, 1% tri-n-butyl-phosphate (TnBP) and 2,000 Kunitz units of deoxyribonuclease (DNase). Triton X-100 and TnBP were perfused at 35 mL/min for 4 h while DNase was perfused at 10 mL/min at 37 &#176;C for 4 h. The vein was washed in ultrapure water and PBS and then sterilized in 0.1% peracetic acid. It was washed again in PBS and preconditioned in endothelial medium. The vein was connected to a bioreactor and perfused with endothelial medium containing 50 IU/mL heparin for 1 h. Recellularization was performed by filling the bioreactor with fresh blood, diluted 1:1 in Steen solution, and adding endocrine gland-derived vascular endothelial growth factors (80 ng/mL), basic fibroblast growth factors (4 &#181;L/mL), and acetyl salicylic acid (5 &#181;g/mL). The bioreactor was then moved into an incubator and perfused for 48 h at 2 mL/min while maintaining glucose between 3 - 9 mmol/L. Later, the vein was washed with PBS, filled with endothelial medium and perfused for 96 h in the incubator. Treatment with Triton X-100, TnBP and DNase decellularized the saphenous vein in 5 cycles. The decellularized vein looked white in contrast to normal and recellularized veins (light red). The hematoxylin &#38; eosin (H&#38;E) staining showed the presence of nuclei only in normal but not in decellularized veins. In the recellularized vein, H&#38;E-staining showed the presence of cells on the luminal surface of the vein.

Here, we describe a protocol for the saphenous vein decellularization using detergents and recellularization by perfusion of the peripheral blood and the endothelial medium.

Decellularization ve Recellularization metodoloji insan safen damarlar için

Vascular conduits used during most vascular surgeries are allogeneic or synthetic grafts that often lead to complications caused by immunosuppression and ...