Biz video yardım için Marc Wozniak kabul etmek istiyorum. Biz de kültür sıçan NK hücreleri için orijinal protokol için UT Southwestern az Sean Morrison kabul etmek istiyorum. Bu çalışma Vanderbilt Üniversitesi Tıp Merkezi Akademik Destek Programı desteklenen ve NIH (HD36720 ve HD036720-11S109) ve PAL için AHA 11GRNT7690040, NAM için AHA (0615209B) ve NIH (NS065604) den predoctoral burslar, ve ERP gelen hibelerle oldu Bir NIH eğitim bursu T32HD007502 tarafından desteklenmektedir.

1. Hazırlanması Tabaklar <ol><li> Her zaman steril tekniği kullanın. </li><li> Dulbecco PBS (DPBS) içerisinde 3.3 mL &#39;lik bir son hacim içine insan plazmasından FN stoğu 100 uL seyreltilmesiyle fibronektin (FN) hazırlayın. Nihai konsantrasyon 30 ug / mL &#39;dir ve bu 1 hafta süreyle 4 ° C&#39;de saklanabilir. </li><li> FN çözümü ile steril doku kültürü dört sıra plakanın her alt örtün ve 15 dakika bekletin. Tüm yüzeyi kaplı olduğundan emin olun. Bu kez (2. ve 3. adımları) sırasında ortam olun. </li><li> Çözüm FN ve plakaları kurumasını bekleyin çıkarın. Yavaşça 500 uL DMEM, kaldır DMEM ile kuyu durulayın, ve Öz-Yenileme 500 uL (SR), orta (aşağıya bakınız) ekleyin. CO2 5 oranında içeren nemlendirilmiş inkübatöründe 37 ° C&#39;de inkübe edilir. Plakalar kullanımdan önce kuru olacak şekilde Diseksiyon önce yaklaşık bir saat tamamlar. </li></ol> 2. SR Orta hazırlanması <ol><li> Vagal ve gövde NC kültürü içinon embriyolar (yaklaşık bir kumu, fare hattı genetik arka plan bağlı olarak), SR orta 25 mL hazırlamak. 12,5 mL, düşük glukoz DMEM, 7.5 mL Neurobasal Orta, 25 uL retinoik asit (117 uM son konsantrasyon) ve 25 ul 2-mercaptoethanol (50 mM nihai konsantrasyon) birleştirir. İyice karıştırın. </li><li> 3.75 ml Civciv Embriyo Özü, 250 uL N 2 tuz takviyesi, 500 uL B27 takviyesi ve 250 uL penisilin streptomisin (% 1 final konsantrasyon) ekleyin. 0.22 um bir filtreden orta filtre. </li><li> 10 uL steril IGF1 (20 ug / mL son konsantrasyon) ve 20 ul steril bFGF (20 ug / mL son konsantrasyon) eklenir. Tersine çevirerek karıştırın. 4 ° C&#39;de depolamak </li></ol> 3. Yıkama Orta hazırlanması <ol><li> Için yaklaşık 10 embriyo yıkama orta 50 ml hazırlamak. 35 mL düşük glikoz DMEM, 15 mL Neurobasal Orta ve 500 uL penisilin streptomisin (% 1 final konsantrasyon) ile 50 mg BSA birleştirin. 0.22 ile Steril filtremikron filtre. </li></ol> 4. Kollajenaz / dispase hazırlanması <ol><li> 100 mg / mL kollajenaz / dispase için 5 mL DPBS 50 uL ekleyin. İyice karıştırın. </li><li> 0.2 um bir şırınga ile filtre on iki iyi plaka üç kuyu her birine 1.5 mL filtre ve ekleyin. Kalan kuyulara pipetle yaklaşık 1 ml yıkama ortamı. Disseke doku sindirmek için hazır olana kadar buz üzerinde tüm plaka saklayın. </li><li> Steril bir jilet ile P20 ve P1000 pipet filtre ucu ipuçları kesin. Sadece ucu eğimli kenar aşağıda kesin. P1000 cut off P20 izole doku parçalarını aktarmak için kullanılacak ise tüm embriyo transfer etmek için kullanılacaktır. </li></ol> 5.. 9.5 DPC Embriyolar gelen vagal ve Trunk Nöral Tüp Ayırma <ol><li> Zamanlanmış gebelikler için, vajinal fişi ile baraj sabah fişi görülmektedir öğle saatlerinde 0.5 DPC kabul edilir. 9.5 DPC de rahim kurban ve kaldırın. </li><li> Uterustan desidua kaldırın ve yavaşça rdesidua gelen embriyo aldır. Sonra bu protokol ile deneyimli, steril DPBS bir defada 3-4 9.5 DPC embriyo izole. Steril teknik ve sterilize diseksiyon aletler kullanın. Instruments otoklav, ısı sterilizasyon veya etanol içinde inkübasyonu ile sterilize edilebilir. </li><li> Anterior vagal NC için: insülin iğneleri kullanarak, orta kulak taslakları da nöral tüp kesti. 4. hücre gruplarının arka kenarı tekrar kesin. Faringeal kemerler ve kalp kaldırmak için nöral tüp ventral doku kesin. </li><li> Gövde NC için: insülin iğneleri kullanılarak, hücre grubu 16-22 (ya da embriyo önceki 22 hücre gruplarının sahne daha gelişimsel olarak ise son hücre gruplarının) arasındaki nöral tüp kısmını kaldırın. </li><li> Yolk kesesi ve genotiplendirme için kalan embriyonik doku tutun. </li></ol> 6. Sigara nöral Ektoderm ve Mezodermin Kaldırma <ol><li> 10 dakika için oda sıcaklığında kollajenaz / dispase içine bölümleri içeren sinirsel tüp yeris. Hemen yıkama ortamda yıkayın. </li><li> Steril DPBS doku dönün. Steril insülin iğneleri kullanarak, yavaşça dokusundan olmayan nöral ektoderm kaldırmak ve uzak nöral tüp Somitlerin ayırın. Hücre gruplarının doku mezodermin son kalan parçaları bir cut-down P20 ucu ile hafifçe triturating tarafından kaldırılabilir. Nöral tüp zarar için dikkatli olun. Öğütme sırasında yakından gözlemleyin. </li><li> Yıkama orta bir ikinci ve üçüncü 30 saniye yıkama yoluyla izole sinir yerleştirilir. </li><li> SR orta bir kez yıkayın ve (Adım 1.3) daha önce hazırlanan bir FN kaplı kuyunun merkezi haline izole nöral tüp yerleştirin. Steril su bir tabak ile hipoksi odası Nemlendirme. Hipoksi odasına çanak yerleştirin ve% 3 O 2 (1% karışımı O 2,% 6 CO 2,% 93 N 2 içeren bir tank kullanmak) karışık gaz odası yıkayın. </li><li> Daima tha sağlamak için son derece dikkatli odası elet eksplantları rahatsız olan ve kuyularının merkezi kalır. </li><li> 37 ° C&#39;de inkübe Adımları 5-6 Özeti Şekil 1 &#39;de gösterilmiştir. </li></ol> 7. Nöral Tüp çıkarılması <ol><li> Inkübasyondan 24 saat sonra, nazikçe uzak steril bir insülin iğnesi kullanarak göç eden hücrelerin nöral tüpün kenarına alay tarafından nöral tüp kaldırın. Çıkarın ve adım 6.2 gibi steril bir P20 kesim kullanarak ortamdan nöral tüp atmak ve taze SR orta (Şekil 2) ile orta yerine. Bu en kolay ters bir mikroskop kullanılarak yapılır. </li></ol> 8. Temsilcisi Sonuçlar Hipoksik koşullarda ° C, NK hücreleri neredeyse saf nüfus (Şekil 3a) nöral tüp uzak göç etmiş 37 inkübasyondan 24 saat sonra. Bazen, ideal kültürler daha az güçlü çıkıntılar vermeyecektir. Örneğin, bu, 24 saat sonra t mümkündürdiye nöral tüp kendi üzerine kıvrılmış olacak ve NC nöral tüp (Şekil 3b) uzağa göç olmaz. Bazen nöral tüp fibronektin kaplı plakaları takmak değil. Bizim deneyimlerimize göre, sub-optimal NC göç ya da nöral tüp eki ile ilgili sorunlar olumsuz sırasıyla normoksi koşulları veya fibronektin konsantrasyonu etkilenebilir. Kollajenaz / dispase Enzimatik aktivite toplu ve sindirim zaman biraz değişir uygun şekilde ayarlanması gerekir, ancak on beş dakika daha uzun doku sindirmek değil. Kollajenaz / dispase doku içeren sinirsel tüpün Overdigestion da eksik çıkıntılar ile sonuçlanacaktır. Hücre gruplarının doku kolayca kollajenaz / dispase inkübe edildikten sonra nöral tüp kaldırılmaz ise, nöral tüp on dakika daha uzun süre inkübe edilebilir. Bazen nöral tüp substrat eklemek olmayacak. Bu durumda, fibronec çift kontrolkalay konsantrasyonu ve hipoksi koşulları. Normoksik koşullar kültürü vahşi tip NC için kullanılabilmesine rağmen, hipoksik koşulları daha yakından in vivo ortamda 29,30 in taklit edebilirler. Deneyimlerimize göre, hipoksik koşullarda zaman kültür mutant NC kritik hale geldi. Örneğin, Foxd3 mutant NC normoksik koşullar kültive edildiğinde, gövde NC kontroller ile karşılaştırıldığında önemli ölçüde azalır hücre outgrowth sahipti. Eksplantları hipoksik koşullar (Şekil 4) kültive edildiğinde, outgrowth boyutunda bu farkı çıkarıldı. Ayrıca, yabani tip nöral tüp eksplantları normoksi kültüre edildiğinde, kaspaz-pozitif hücre sayısı (veriler gösterilmemiştir) hipoksi kültüre benzer eksplantlarının o zaman daha büyüktü. Hipoksi tüm NC kültürünü koruyarak, karşılaştırmaları daha kolay kontrol dinamikleri ve mutant kültürler arasında yapılabilir. <img src="/files/ftp_upload/4134/4134fig1.jpg" alt="Şekil 1" /> <strong&gt; Şekil 1. NC izolasyon Genel şematik. A) embriyodan ilgi bölgeleri parçalara ayır. B) kollajenaz / on dakika (on beş dakikayı aşmayan) için dispase nöral tüp Digest. C) yıkama ortamda yıkayın. D) non-nöral ektoderm ve mezoderm uzak parçalara ayır. EF) yıkama ortamda iki kez yıkayın. Kendini yenileme ortamda G) Levha. % 3 O 2 hipoksik koşullarda 37 ° C&#39;de inkübe edilir. <img src="/files/ftp_upload/4134/4134fig2.jpg" alt="Şekil 2" /> Şekil 2. Eksplant gelen nöral tüp adımsal kaldırılması. Nöral tüp olmayan NC hücreleri ile kirlenmesini önlemek için 24-48 saat sonra uzaklaştırılmalıdır. A) nöral tüp ve NC akıbet (düz çizgi) arasındaki sınır dikkat edin. B) bir insülin iğnesi ile nöral tüpün kenarı boyunca kesin. C) nöral tüp atın ve taze kendini yenileme orta ile orta yerine. Kesikli çizgi outgrowth kapsamını göstermektedir. Kısaltma: NT, nöral tüp. Şekil 3. Temsilcisi sonuçları örnekleri. Hipoksik koşullarda kendinden yenilenmesi ortam içinde 24 saat inkübasyondan sonra A) Tipik eksplant outgrowth (tireli çizgi) outgrowth kapsamını göstermektedir. B) kültüründe 48 saat sonra NC akıbet açısından Büyütülmüş. Düşük outgrowth verim C) Daha az ideal bir kültür. A ve C, aynı koşullar altında kültüre edildi. Görüntüler kültür sağlamlık doğal geniş olduğunu gösterir. Bu kollajenaz / dispase sindirimler nöral tüp izolasyon, FN konsantrasyonu, hipoksik koşullarda ve zaman verimliliği etkilenebilir. <img src="/files/ftp_upload/4134/4134fig4.jpg" alt="Şekil 4" /> Şekil 4. Normoksi karşı hipoksi NC eksplant kültürlerinde in vitro inceleme. Normoksik kültür koşullarında 48 saat sonra nöral tüp eksplantları göç Kontrolü (yabani tip) NK hücreleri. Buna karşılık, mutant Foxd3NC büyük normoksi hücre çıkıntılar (NC çıkıntılar kırmızı hatlarını işareti kenarları) azalmıştı. Karşılaştırılabilir eksplantlarında hipoksik koşullarda yetiştirilen alındığında, Foxd3 mutant NC eksplantları sonraki analizlerde izin kontrollerine nispeten büyüdü. Not Bu davranış, in vivo Foxd3 mutant NC davranışı ile ilişkili olduğu bulunmuştur.

<ol>
	<li>Le Douarin, N., Kalcheim, C. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=.">.</a> The neural crest. , (1999).</li><li>Kulesa, P. M., Gammill, L. S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Neural+crest+migration:+patterns,+phases+and+signals.">Neural crest migration: patterns, phases and signals.</a> Developmental biology. 344, 566-568 (2010).</li><li>Saint-Jeannet, J. -. P. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=.">.</a> Neural crest induction and differentiation. , (2006).</li><li>Plank, J. L. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Influence+and+timing+of+arrival+of+murine+neural+crest+on+pancreatic+beta+cell+development+and+maturation.">Influence and timing of arrival of murine neural crest on pancreatic beta cell development and maturation.</a> Developmental biology. 349, 321-330 (2011).</li><li>Nekrep, N., Wang, J., Miyatsuka, T., German, M. S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Signals+from+the+neural+crest+regulate+beta-cell+mass+in+the+pancreas.">Signals from the neural crest regulate beta-cell mass in the pancreas.</a> Development. 135, 2151-2160 (2008).</li><li>Freem, L. J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+intrinsic+innervation+of+the+lung+is+derived+from+neural+crest+cells+as+shown+by+optical+projection+tomography+in+Wnt1-Cre;YFP+reporter+mice.">The intrinsic innervation of the lung is derived from neural crest cells as shown by optical projection tomography in Wnt1-Cre;YFP reporter mice.</a> J. Anat. 217, 651-664 (2010).</li><li>Cohen, A. M., Konigsberg, I. R. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+clonal+approach+to+the+problem+of+neural+crest+determination.">A clonal approach to the problem of neural crest determination.</a> Developmental biology. 46, 262-280 (1975).</li><li>Sieber-Blum, M., Cohen, A. M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Clonal+analysis+of+quail+neural+crest+cells:+they+are+pluripotent+and+differentiate+in+vitro+in+the+absence+of+noncrest+cells.">Clonal analysis of quail neural crest cells: they are pluripotent and differentiate in vitro in the absence of noncrest cells.</a> Developmental biology. 80, 96-106 (1980).</li><li>Baroffio, A., Dupin, E., Douarin, N. M. L. e. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Common+precursors+for+neural+and+mesectodermal+derivatives+in+the+cephalic+neural+crest.">Common precursors for neural and mesectodermal derivatives in the cephalic neural crest.</a> Development. 112, 301-305 (1991).</li><li>White, P. M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Neural+crest+stem+cells+undergo+cell-intrinsic+developmental+changes+in+sensitivity+to+instructive+differentiation+signals.">Neural crest stem cells undergo cell-intrinsic developmental changes in sensitivity to instructive differentiation signals.</a> Neuron. 29, 57-71 (2001).</li><li>Morrison, S. J., White, P. M., Zock, C., Anderson, D. J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Prospective+identification,+isolation+by+flow+cytometry,+and+in+vivo+self-renewal+of+multipotent+mammalian+neural+crest+stem+cells.">Prospective identification, isolation by flow cytometry, and in vivo self-renewal of multipotent mammalian neural crest stem cells.</a> Cell. 96, 737-749 (1999).</li><li>Bronner-Fraser, M., Sieber-Blum, M., Cohen, A. M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Clonal+analysis+of+the+avian+neural+crest:+migration+and+maturation+of+mixed+neural+crest+clones+injected+into+host+chicken+embryos.">Clonal analysis of the avian neural crest: migration and maturation of mixed neural crest clones injected into host chicken embryos.</a> J. Comp. Neurol. 193, 423-434 (1980).</li><li>Stemple, D. L., Anderson, D. J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Isolation+of+a+stem+cell+for+neurons+and+glia+from+the+mammalian+neural+crest.">Isolation of a stem cell for neurons and glia from the mammalian neural crest.</a> Cell. 71, 973-985 (1992).</li><li>Corpening, J. C. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Isolation+and+live+imaging+of+enteric+progenitors+based+on+Sox10-Histone2BVenus+transgene+expression.">Isolation and live imaging of enteric progenitors based on Sox10-Histone2BVenus transgene expression.</a> Genesis. 49, 599-618 (2011).</li><li>Biernaskie, J. A., McKenzie, I. A., Toma, J. G., Miller, F. D. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Isolation+of+skin-derived+precursors+(SKPs)+and+differentiation+and+enrichment+of+their+Schwann+cell+progeny.">Isolation of skin-derived precursors (SKPs) and differentiation and enrichment of their Schwann cell progeny.</a> Nat. Protoc. 1, 2803-2812 (2006).</li><li>Chung, I. H. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Stem+cell+property+of+postmigratory+cranial+neural+crest+cells+and+their+utility+in+alveolar+bone+regeneration+and+tooth+development.">Stem cell property of postmigratory cranial neural crest cells and their utility in alveolar bone regeneration and tooth development.</a> Stem Cells. 27, 866-877 (2009).</li><li>Biernaskie, J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=SKPs+derive+from+hair+follicle+precursors+and+exhibit+properties+of+adult+dermal+stem+cells.">SKPs derive from hair follicle precursors and exhibit properties of adult dermal stem cells.</a> Cell Stem Cell. 5, 610-623 (2009).</li><li>Hagedorn, L., Suter, U., Sommer, L. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=P0+and+PMP22+mark+a+multipotent+neural+crest-derived+cell+type+that+displays+community+effects+in+response+to+TGF-beta+family+factors.">P0 and PMP22 mark a multipotent neural crest-derived cell type that displays community effects in response to TGF-beta family factors.</a> Development. , 126-3781 (1999).</li><li>Heanue, T. A., Pachnis, V. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Prospective+identification+and+isolation+of+enteric+nervous+system+progenitors+using+Sox2.">Prospective identification and isolation of enteric nervous system progenitors using Sox2.</a> Stem Cells. 29, 128-140 (2011).</li><li>Morrison, S. J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Culture+in+reduced+levels+of+oxygen+promotes+clonogenic+sympathoadrenal+differentiation+by+isolated+neural+crest+stem+cells.">Culture in reduced levels of oxygen promotes clonogenic sympathoadrenal differentiation by isolated neural crest stem cells.</a> J. Neurosci. 20, 7370-7376 (2000).</li><li>Ito, K., Morita, T., Sieber-Blum, M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=In+vitro+clonal+analysis+of+mouse+neural+crest+development.">In vitro clonal analysis of mouse neural crest development.</a> Developmental biology. 157, 517-525 (1993).</li><li>Etchevers, H. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Primary+culture+of+chick,+mouse+or+human+neural+crest+cells.">Primary culture of chick, mouse or human neural crest cells.</a> Nat. Protoc. 6, 1568-1577 (2011).</li><li>Mundell, N. A., Labosky, P. A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Neural+crest+stem+cell+multipotency+requires+Foxd3+to+maintain+neural+potential+and+repress+mesenchymal+fates.">Neural crest stem cell multipotency requires Foxd3 to maintain neural potential and repress mesenchymal fates.</a> Development. 138, 641-652 (2011).</li><li>Gammill, L. S., Gonzalez, C., Gu, C., Bronner-Fraser, M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Guidance+of+trunk+neural+crest+migration+requires+neuropilin+2/semaphorin+3F+signaling.">Guidance of trunk neural crest migration requires neuropilin 2/semaphorin 3F signaling.</a> Development. 133, 99-106 (2006).</li><li>Gammill, L. S., Gonzalez, C., Bronner-Fraser, M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Neuropilin+2/semaphorin+3F+signaling+is+essential+for+cranial+neural+crest+migration+and+trigeminal+ganglion+condensation.">Neuropilin 2/semaphorin 3F signaling is essential for cranial neural crest migration and trigeminal ganglion condensation.</a> Dev. Neurobiol. 67, 47-56 (2007).</li><li>Kasemeier-Kulesa, J. C., Bradley, R., Pasquale, E. B., Lefcort, F., Kulesa, P. M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Eph/ephrins+and+N-cadherin+coordinate+to+control+the+pattern+of+sympathetic+ganglia.">Eph/ephrins and N-cadherin coordinate to control the pattern of sympathetic ganglia.</a> Development. 133, 4839-4847 (2006).</li><li>Osborne, N. J., Begbie, J., Chilton, J. K., Schmidt, H., Eickholt, B. J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Semaphorin/neuropilin+signaling+influences+the+positioning+of+migratory+neural+crest+cells+within+the+hindbrain+region+of+the+the+chick.">Semaphorin/neuropilin signaling influences the positioning of migratory neural crest cells within the hindbrain region of the the chick.</a> Dev. Dyn. 232, 939-949 (2005).</li><li>Schwarz, Q., Maden, C. H., Vieira, J. M., Ruhrberg, C. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Neuropilin+1+signaling+guides+neural+crest+cells+to+coordinate+pathway+choice+with+cell+specification.">Neuropilin 1 signaling guides neural crest cells to coordinate pathway choice with cell specification.</a> Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 106, 6164-6169 (2009).</li><li>Simon, M. C., Keith, B. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+role+of+oxygen+availability+in+embryonic+development+and+stem+cell+function.">The role of oxygen availability in embryonic development and stem cell function.</a> Nat. Rev. Mol. Cell Biol. 9, 285-296 (2008).</li><li>Ivanovic, Z. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Hypoxia+or+in+situ+normoxia:+The+stem+cell+paradigm.">Hypoxia or in situ normoxia: The stem cell paradigm.</a> J. Cell Physiol. 219, 271-275 (2009).</li></ol>

Biz ifşa hiçbir şey yok.

Dikkat dikkat bu yaklaşımın başarısı için embriyonun gelişim aşamasında dikkat edilmelidir. Erken fare embriyo Somitlerin sayan bir çöp içinde embriyo eşleme ve izolasyon için nöral tüpün doğru bölgelerin belirlenmesinde aşaması için hem kritik önem taşımaktadır. Embriyo arasındaki bir ya da iki Somitlerin bir varyasyonu yapılan deney çözünürlüğü bağlı olarak, gelişim zamanlama makul bir aralığı içindedir. 9 ve 9.5 DPC arasında bir embriyo 17 ve 25 Somitlerin arasında olacakt...

<table border="1"><tbody><tr><td> Reaktif </td><td> Şirket </td><td> Katalog numarası </td><td> Yorumlar </td></tr><tr><td> DMEM (düşük glukoz) </td><td> Gibco / Invitrogen </td><td> 11885 </td><td></td></tr><tr><td> Neurobasal Orta </td><td> Gibco </td><td> 21103 </td><td></td></tr><tr><td> BSA </td><td> Sigma </td><td> A3912-10G </td><td></td></tr><tr><td> DPBS </td><td> Gibco </td><td> 14190-144 </td><td></td></tr><tr><td> IGF1 </td><td> BD Biosciences </td><td> 354037 </td><td> -20 ° C&#39;de 50 mcg / ml hacimde Mağaza </td></tr><tr><td> bFGF </td><td> BD Biosciences </td><td> 354060 </td><td> -20 ° C&#39;de 25 mcg / ml hacimde Mağaza </td></tr><tr><td> Fibronektin </td><td> Gibco </td><td> 33016-015 </td><td> 1mg/ml al Saklanan-20 ° C&#39;de iquots </td></tr><tr><td> Retinoik asit </td><td> Sigma </td><td> R2625 </td><td> -20 ° C&#39;de etanol içerisinde yeniden yapılandırılması sonra, 35 ug / ml alikots içinde deposunda </td></tr><tr><td> 2-merkaptoetanol </td><td> Sigma </td><td> D-5637 </td><td></td></tr><tr><td> N 2 takviyesi </td><td> Gibco </td><td> 17502-048 </td><td></td></tr><tr><td> B27 takviyesi </td><td> Gibco </td><td> 17504-044 </td><td></td></tr><tr><td> Steriflip 0,22 um filtreler </td><td> Millipore </td><td> SCGP00525 </td><td></td></tr><tr><td> Penisilin-streptomisin </td><td> Invitrogen </td><td> 15140122 </td><td></td></tr><tr><td> 0.20 mikron filtreleri </td><td> Corning </td><td> 431219 </td><td></td></tr><tr><td> Şırınga (filtrasyon için) </td><td> BD Biosciences </td><td> 301604 </td><td></td></tr&gt; <tr><td> Dört kuyucuğu </td><td> Thermo Fisher Scientific </td><td> 176740 </td><td></td></tr><tr><td> Kollajenaz / Dispase </td><td> Roche </td><td> 269 ​​638 </td><td> Etkinlik toplu göre değişir. -20 ° C&#39;de 100 mg / mL alikots içinde deposunda </td></tr><tr><td> İnsülin iğneleri (29 ½ ölçer) </td><td> Becton Dickson </td><td> 309306 </td><td></td></tr><tr><td> Hipoksi Odası </td><td> Billups-Rothenberg </td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td> Oksijen Analiz Cihazı </td><td> Billups-Rothenberg </td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td> Forseps # 5 </td><td> Güzel Bilim Araçları </td><td></td><td> Rahim ve desidua kaldırmak için. </td></tr><tr><td> Tripsin-EDTA (% 0.25) </td><td> Gibco </td><td> 25200 </td><td></td></tr></tbody></table>

isolation and culture of neural crest cells from embryonic murine neural tube

Embriyonik nöral krest (NC), nöral tüpün dorsalinde kaynaklanan multipotent progenitör nüfusu mezenkimal geçiş (EMT) bir epitel uğrar ve farklı hücre tipleri 1-3 sebebiyet veren, embriyo boyunca göç eder. NC de hedef organlar 4-6 farklılaşması ve olgunlaşması etkilemek için eşsiz bir yeteneği vardır. In vitro eksplante zaman, NC ataları kendini yenileme geçmesi, göç ve nöronlar, glia, düz kas hücreleri, kıkırdak ve kemik dokusu da dahil olmak üzere değişik türde farklılaşırlar. NC multipotency ilk. Kuş nöral tüp 7-9 eksplant tanımlanmıştır NK hücrelerinin in vitro izolasyonunda proliferasyon, göç ve multipotency dahil NC dinamikleri çalışmaya kolaylaştırır edildi. Kuş ve sıçan sistemlerinde daha fazla çalışmalar embriyo 10 geri nakledilen zaman eksplante NK hücreleri, NK potansiyelini korumak olduğunu göstermiştir-13. Bu doğal hücresel özellikleri eksplante NC ataları korunur Çünkü nöral tüp eksplant testi in vitro NC eğitim için cazip bir seçenek sunar. Memeli NC daha iyi anlaşılmasını sağlamak amacıyla, birçok yöntem NC nüfus yalıtmak için istihdam edilmiştir. NC kökenli ataları sonrası göçmen NC progenitörlerin 11,14-20 dinamiklerini incelemek için embriyo ve yetişkin hem de post-göçmen konumları kültüre edilebilir, ancak bunlar nöral tüp göç gibi NC progenitörlerin izolasyon optimum muhafaza sağlar NC potansiyeli hücre ve göçmen özellikleri 13,21,22. Bazı protokoller, özellikle ataları 11,13,14,17 için zenginleştirilmiş bir NC nüfusu izole etmeye fluorescence activated cell sorting (FACS) kullanır. Ancak, erken evre embriyo ile başlatırken, analizler için yeterli hücre sayıları erken NC alan nüfus izolasyonu karmaşıklaştıran, FACS ile elde etmek zorbireysel embriyolardan ns. Burada, bir Wnt1-Cre aktive soy muhabiri 23 dayanan yaklaşık% 96 oranında saf NC nüfus FACS ve sonuçları dayanmayan bir yaklaşım açıklanmaktadır. Burada sunulan yöntemi sıçan NC 11,13 kültürü için optimize protokolleri uyarlanmıştır. Bu protokol daha önceki yöntemlere göre avantajları 1) hücre FACS)) göreceli olarak saf NC nüfusu, 3 elde etmek için gerekli değildir premigratory NC hücreleri izole edilir ve 4), bir besleyici tabakası, 2 yetiştirilen değildir sonuçlar kolayca olmalarıdır sayılabilir. Bundan başka, bu protokolü farklı genetik manipülasyon ile NC özelliklerinin çalışma kolaylaştırıcı, herhangi bir mutant fare modelinde gelen NC izole edilmesi için kullanılabilir. Bu yaklaşımın sınırlaması NC NC 2,24-28 hayatta kalması, göç ve farklılaşmayı etkileyen bilinmektedir embriyo bağlamında kaldırılır olmasıdır.

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Isolation and Culture of Neural Crest Cells from Embryonic Murine Neural Tube at JoVE.com

Isolation and Culture of Neural Crest Cells from Embryonic Murine Neural Tube

Nöral tüpten embriyonik nöral krest izolasyonu kullanımını kolaylaştırır<em&gt; In vitro</em&gt; Göç, kendini yenileme ve nöral krest multipotency çalışmak için yöntemler.

Embriyonik Mürin Nöral Tüp çıkan sinirsel Crest Hücre İzolasyonu ve Kültür

The embryonic neural crest (NC) is a multipotent progenitor population that originates at the dorsal aspect of the neural tube, undergoes an epithelial to ...

isolation-culture-neural-crest-cells-from-embryonic-murine-neural

Research

JoVE Journal

Neuroscience

17.1K Görüntüleme.  Vanderbilt University Medical Center. Nöral tüpten embriyonik nöral krest izolasyonu kullanımını kolaylaştırır In vitro Göç, kendini yenileme ve nöral krest multipotency çalışmak için yöntemler.

Video: Isolation and Culture of Neural Crest Cells from Embryonic Murine Neural Tube

Dissection and Culture of Commissural Neurons from Embryonic Spinal Cord

Commissural neurons have been widely used to investigate the mechanisms underlying axon guidance during embryonic spinal cord development. The cell bodies of these neurons are located in the dorsal spinal cord and their axons follow stereotyped trajectories during embryonic development. Commissural axons initially project ventrally towards the floorplate. After crossing the midline, these axons turn anteriorly and project towards the brain. Each of these steps is regulated by the action of several guidance cues. Cultures highly enriched in commissural neurons are ideally suited for many experiments addressing the mechanisms of axon pathfinding, including turning assays, immunochemistry and biochemistry. Here, we describe a method to dissect and culture commissural neurons from E13 rat dorsal spinal cord. First, the spinal cord is isolated and dorsal strips are dissected out. The dorsal tissue is then dissociated into a cell suspension by trypsinization and mechanical disruption. Neurons are plated onto poly-L-lysine-coated glass coverslips or tissue-culture dishes. After 30 hours in vitro, most neurons have extended an axon. The purity of the culture (Yam et al. 2009), typically over 90%, can be assessed by immunolabeling with the commissural neuron markers DCC, LH2 and TAG1 (Helms and Johnson, 1998). This neuronal preparation is a useful tool for in vitro studies of the cellular and molecular mechanisms of commissural axon growth and guidance during spinal cord development.

This video demonstrates a method to dissect and culture commissural neurons from E13 rat dorsal spinal cord. Dissociated commissural neurons are useful to study the cellular and molecular mechanisms of axon growth and guidance.

Embriyonik Omurilik Commissural Nöronlar Diseksiyon ve Kültür

Commissural neurons have been widely used to investigate the mechanisms underlying axon guidance during embryonic spinal cord development. The cell bodies ...

Nörobilim

Production of Chick Embryo Extract for the Cultivation of Murine Neural Crest Stem Cells

The neural crest arises from the neuro-ectoderm during embryogenesis and persists only temporarily. Early experiments already proofed pluripotent progenitor cells to be an integral part of the neural crest1. Phenotypically, neural crest stem cells (NCSC) are defined by simultaneously expressing p75 (low-affine nerve growth factor receptor, LNGFR) and SOX10 during their migration from the neural crest2,3,4,5. These progenitor cells can differentiate into smooth muscle cells, chromaffin cells, neurons and glial cells, as well as melanocytes, cartilage and bone6,7,8,9. To cultivate NCSC in vitro, a special neural crest stem cell medium (NCSCM) is required10. The most complex part of the NCSCM is the preparation of chick embryo extract (CEE) representing an essential source of growth factors for the NCSC as well as for other types of neural explants. Other NCSCM ingredients beside CEE are commercially available. Producing CCE using laboratory standard equipment it is of high importance to know about the challenging details as the isolation, maceration, centrifugation, and filtration processes. In this protocol we describe accurate techniques to produce a maximized amount of pure and high quality CEE.

To cultivate neural crest stem cells (NCSC) in vitro, a special medium (NCSCM) is required. Essential part of NCSCM is chick embryo extract (CEE). We here describe accurate techniques to produce a maximized amount of pure and high quality CEE, including details as the isolation, maceration, centrifugation, and filtration processes.

Civciv Embriyo Özü murin Sinir Crest Kök Hücre Yetiştiriciliği Üretimi

The neural crest arises from the neuro-ectoderm during embryogenesis and persists only temporarily. Early experiments already proofed pluripotent ...

Neural Tube Closure in Mouse Whole Embryo Culture

Genetic mouse models are an important tool in the study of mammalian neural tube closure (Gray &amp; Ross, 2009; Ross, 2010). However, the study of mouse embryos in utero is limited by our inability to directly pharmacologically manipulate the embryos in isolation from the effects of maternal metabolism on the reagent of interest. Whether using a small molecule, recombinant protein, or siRNA, delivery of these substances to the mother, through the diet or by injection will subject these unstable compounds to a variety of bodily defenses that could prevent them from reaching the embryo. Investigations in cultures of whole embryos can be used to separate maternal from intrinsic fetal effects on development.
Here, we present a method for culturing mouse embryos using highly enriched media in a roller incubator apparatus that allows for normal neural tube closure after dissection (Crockett, 1990). Once in culture, embryos can be manipulated using conventional in vitro techniques that would not otherwise be possible if the embryos were still in utero. Embryo siblings can be collected at various time points to study different aspects of neurulation, occurring from E7-7.5 (neural plate formation, just prior to the initiation of neurulation) to E9.5-10 (at the conclusion of cranial fold and caudal neuropore closure, Kaufman, 1992). In this protocol, we demonstrate our method for dissecting embryos at timepoints that are optimal for the study of cranial neurulation. Embryos will be dissected at E8.5 (approx. 10-12 somities), after the initiation of neural tube closure but prior to embryo turning and cranial neural fold closure, and maintained in culture till E10 (26-28 somities), when cranial neurulation should be complete.

A method allowing for direct pharmacological manipulation of mouse embryos during neurulation that bypasses maternal metabolism is described. The technique can be adapted to study different aspects of neurulation by varying the time point and pharmacological agent.

Nöral Tüp Kapatma Fare Tüm Embriyo Kültürü

Genetic mouse models are an important tool in the study of mammalian neural tube closure (Gray &amp; Ross, 2009; Ross, 2010).  However, the study of mouse ...

Isolation and Culture of Neural Crest Stem Cells from Human Hair Follicles

Hair follicles undergo lifelong growth and hair cycle is a well-controlled process involving stem cell proliferation and quiescence. Hair bulge is a well-characterized niche for adult stem cells1. This segment of the outer root sheath contains a number of different types of stem cells, including epithelial stem cells2, melanocyte stem cells3 and neural crest like stem cells4-7. Hair follicles represent an accessible and rich source for different types of human stem cells. We and others have isolated neural crest stem cells (NCSCs) from human fetal and adult hair follicles4,5. These human stem cells are label-retaining cells and are capable of self-renewal through asymmetric cell division in vitro. They express immature neural crest cell markers but not differentiation markers. Our expression profiling study showed that they share a similar gene expression pattern with murine skin immature neural crest cells. They exhibit clonal multipotency that can give rise to myogenic, melanocytic, and neuronal cell lineages after in vitro clonal single cell culture. Differentiated cells not only acquire lineage-specific markers but also demonstrate appropriate functions in ex vivo conditions. In addition, these NCSCs show differentiation potential toward mesenchymal lineages. Differentiated neuronal cells can persist in mouse brain and retain neuronal differentiation markers. It has been shown that hair follicle derived NCSCs can help nerve regrowth, and they improve motor function in mice transplanted with these stem cells following transecting spinal cord injury8. Furthermore, peripheral nerves have been repaired with stem cell grafts9, and implantation of skin-derived precursor cells adjacent to crushed sciatic nerves has resulted in remyelination10. Therefore, the hair follicle/skin derived NCSCs have already shown promising results for regenerative therapy in preclinical models.
Somatic cell reprogramming to induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells has shown enormous potential for regenerative medicine. However, there are still many issues with iPS cells, particularly the long term effect of oncogene/virus integration and potential tumorigenicity of pluripotent stem cells have not been adequately addressed. There are still many hurdles to be overcome before iPS cells can be used for regenerative medicine. Whereas the adult stem cells are known to be safe and they have been used clinically for many years, such as bone marrow transplant. Many patients have already benefited from the treatment. Autologous adult stem cells are still preferred cells for transplantation. Therefore, the readily accessible and expandable adult stem cells in human skin/hair follicles are a valuable source for regenerative medicine.

This article presents a robust protocol for isolation and culture of neural crest stem cells from human hair follicles.

İnsan Saç köklerinin arasından Sinir Crest Kök Hücre İzolasyonu ve Kültür

Hair follicles undergo lifelong growth and hair cycle is a well-controlled process involving stem cell proliferation and quiescence. Hair bulge is a ...

Isolation and Culture of Rat Embryonic Neural Cells: A Quick Protocol

We are describing a quick method to dissociate and culture hippocampal or cortical neurons from E15-17 rat embryos. The procedure can be applied successfully to the isolation of mouse and human primary neurons and neural progenitors. Dissociated neurons are maintained in serum-free medium up to several weeks. These cultures can be used for nucleofection, immunocytochemistry, nucleic acids preparation, as well as electrophysiology. Older neuronal cultures can also be transfected with a good efficiency rate by lentiviral transduction and, less efficiently, with calcium phosphate or lipid-based methods such as lipofectamine.

We describe a rapid methodology to isolate and culture hippocampal and cortical neurons from rodent embryos. This protocol allows us to perform experiments in which nearly pure neuronal cultures are required.

Sıçan Embriyonik Nöral Hücre İzolasyonu ve Kültür: Bir Hızlı Protokol

We are describing a quick method to dissociate and culture hippocampal or cortical neurons from E15-17 rat embryos. The procedure can be applied ...

Isolation and Culture of Endothelial Cells from the Embryonic Forebrain

Embryonic brain endothelial cells can serve as an important tool in the study of angiogenesis and neurovascular development and interactions. The two vascular networks of the embryonic forebrain, pial and periventricular, are spatially distinctive and have different origins and growth patterns. Endothelial cells from the pial and periventricular vascular networks have unique gene expression profiles and functions. Here we present a step-by-step protocol for isolation, culture, and verification of pure populations of endothelial cells from the periventricular vascular network (PVECs) of the embryonic forebrain (telencephalon). In this approach, telencephalon devoid of pial membrane obtained from embryonic day 15 mice is minced, digested with collagenase/dispase, and dispersed mechanically into a single cell suspension. PVECs are purified from cell suspension using positive selection with anti-CD-31/PECAM-1 antibody conjugated to MicroBeads using a strong magnetic separation method. Purified cells are cultured on collagen 1&#160;coated culture dishes in endothelial cell culture medium until they become confluent and further subcultured. PVECs obtained with this protocol exhibit cobblestone and spindle shaped phenotypes, as visualized by phase-contrast light microscopy and fluorescence microscopy. Purity of PVEC cultures was established with endothelial cell markers. In our hands, this method reliably and consistently yields pure populations of PVECs. This protocol will benefit studies aimed at gaining mechanistic insights into forebrain angiogenesis, understanding PVEC interactions, and cross-talks with neuronal cell types and holds tremendous potential for therapeutic angiogenesis.

This video demonstrates an easy and reliable strategy for preparation of pure cultures of endothelial cells from the embryonic forebrain within 10-12 days and will be useful for research focused on many aspects of cerebral angiogenesis.

Embriyonik ön beyin gelen Endotel Hücreleri İzolasyon ve Kültürü

Embryonic brain endothelial cells can serve as an important tool in the study of angiogenesis and neurovascular development and interactions. The two ...

Feeder-free Derivation of Neural Crest Progenitor Cells from Human Pluripotent Stem Cells

Human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) have great potential for studying human embryonic development, for modeling human diseases in the dish and as a source of transplantable cells for regenerative applications after disease or accidents. Neural crest (NC) cells are the precursors for a large variety of adult somatic cells, such as cells from the peripheral nervous system and glia, melanocytes and mesenchymal cells. They are a valuable source of cells to study aspects of human embryonic development, including cell fate specification and migration. Further differentiation of NC progenitor cells into terminally differentiated cell types offers the possibility to model human diseases in vitro, investigate disease mechanisms and generate cells for regenerative medicine. This article presents the adaptation of a currently available in vitro differentiation protocol for the derivation of NC cells from hPSCs. This new protocol requires 18 days of differentiation, is feeder-free, easily scalable and highly reproducible among human embryonic stem cell (hESC) lines as well as human induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC) lines. Both old and new protocols yield NC cells of equal identity.

Neural crest (NC) cells derived from human pluripotent stem cells (hPSC) have great potential for modeling human development and disease and for cell replacement therapies. Here, a feeder-free adaptation of the currently widely used in vitro differentiation protocol for the derivation of NC cells from hPSCs is presented.

İnsan Pluripotent dan Sinir Crest Progenitör Hücreler besleyici ücretsiz Derivasyon Kök Hücre

Human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) have great potential for studying human embryonic development, for modeling human diseases in the dish and as a ...

Isolation and Culture of Adult Neural Stem Cells from the Mouse Subcallosal Zone

Adult neural stem cells (aNSCs) can be used for the regeneration of damaged brain tissue. NSCs have the potential for differentiation and proliferation into three types of cells: neurons, astrocytes, and oligodendrocytes. Identifying aNSC-derived regions and characterizing the aNSC properties are critical for the potential use of aNSCs and for the elucidation of their role in neural regeneration. The subcallosal zone (SCZ), located between white matter and the hippocampus, has recently been reported to contain aNSCs and continuously give rise to neuroblasts. A low percentage of aNSCs from the SCZ is differentiated into neurons; most cells are differentiated into glial cells, such as oligodendrocytes and astrocytes. These cells are suggested to have a therapeutic potential for traumatic cortical injury. This protocol describes in detail the process to generate SCZ-aNSCs from an adult mouse brain. A brain matrix with intervals of 1 mm is used to obtain the SCZ-containing coronal slices and to precisely dissect the SCZ from the whole brain. The SCZ sections are initially subjected to a neurosphere culture. A well-developed culture system allows for the verification of their characteristics and can increase research on NSCs. A neurosphere culture system provides a useful tool for determining proliferation and collecting the genuine NSCs. A monolayer culture is also an in vitro system to assay proliferation and differentiation. Significantly, this culture system provides a more homogenous environment for NSCs than the neurosphere culture system. Thus, using a discrete brain region, these culture systems will be helpful for expanding our knowledge about aNSCs and their applications for therapeutic uses.

Establishing culture systems for the expansion of adult neural stem cells (aNSCs) allows for the examination and application of aNSCs for therapy. The subcallosal zone (SCZ) has recently been recognized as a novel neuroblast-forming region in adult mice. Here, methods for the isolation, expansion, and differentiation of SCZ-aNSCs are described.

Fare Subcallosal Zone İzolasyon ve Yetişkin Nöral Kök Hücre Kültürü

Adult neural stem cells (aNSCs) can be used for the regeneration of damaged brain tissue. NSCs have the potential for differentiation and proliferation ...

Isolation and Culture of Embryonic Mouse Neural Stem Cells

Neural stem cells (NSCs) are multipotent and can give rise to the three major cell types of the central nervous system (CNS). In vitro culture and expansion of NSCs provide a suitable source of cells for neuroscientists to study the function of neurons and glial cells along with their interactions. There are several reported techniques for the isolation of neural stem cells from adult or embryo mammalian brains. During the microsurgical operation to isolate NSCs from different regions of the embryonic CNS, it is very important to reduce the damage to the brain cells to obtain the highest ratio of live and expandable stem cells. A possible technique for stress reduction during isolation of these cells from the mouse embryo brain is the reduction of surgical time. Here, we demonstrate a developed technique for rapid isolation of these cells from the E13 mouse embryo ganglionic eminence. Surgical procedures include harvesting E13 mouse embryos from the uterus, cutting the frontal fontanelle of the embryo with a bent needle tip, extracting the brain from the skull, microdissection of the isolated brain to harvest the ganglionic eminence, dissociation of the harvested tissue in NSC medium to gain a single cell suspension, and finally plating cells in suspension culture to generate neurospheres.

Here, we introduce a novel microsurgical technique for the isolation of neural stem cells from the E13 mouse embryo ganglionic eminence.

Yalıtım ve kültür embriyonik fare nöral kök hücrelerin

Neural stem cells (NSCs) are multipotent and can give rise to the three major cell types of the central nervous system (CNS). In vitro culture and ...

<meta charset="utf8"></head><body>Murin Subventriküler Bölgesinden İzole Edilen NSC'lerin Etkin Nükleofeksiyonu

Isolation, Expansion, and Nucleofection of Neural Stem Cells from Adult Murine Subventricular Zone

Isolation and expansion of neural stem cells (NSCs) from the subventricular zone (SVZ) of the adult mouse brain can be achieved in a medium supplemented with basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) and epidermal growth factor (EGF) as mitogens, producing clonal aggregates known as neurospheres. This in vitro system is a valuable tool for studying NSC potential. Transfection of siRNAs or genes carried in plasmids can be used to induce perturbations to gene expression and study NSC biology. However, the exogenous nucleic acid delivery to NSC cultures is challenging due to the low efficiency of central nervous system (CNS) cells transfection. Here, we present an improved nucleofection system that achieves high efficiency of gene delivery in expanded NSCs from adult murine SVZ. We demonstrate that this relatively simple method enhances gene perturbation in adult NSCs, surpassing traditional transfection protocols with survival rates exceeding 80%. Moreover, this method can also be applied in primary isolated NSCs, providing a crucial advancement in gene function studies through gene expression manipulation via knockdown or overexpression in neurosphere cultures.

<meta charset="utf8"></head><body>Yazar Spotlight: Murin Subventriküler Bölgeden Türetilmiş Nöral Kök Hücre Kültürlerinde Yüksek Verimli Gen İletimi için Geliştirilmiş Nükleofeksiyon

Here, we describe a nucleofection system designed to enhance gene delivery efficiency in expanded neural stem cells (NSCs) isolated from the adult murine subventricular zone. The findings demonstrate that this method significantly improves gene perturbation in NSCs, surpassing the effectiveness of traditional transfection protocols and enhancing cell survival rate.

Erişkin Murin Subventriküler Bölgesinden Nöral Kök Hücrelerin İzolasyonu, Genişlemesi ve Nükleofeksiyonu

Isolation and expansion of neural stem cells (NSCs) from the subventricular zone (SVZ) of the adult mouse brain can be achieved in a medium supplemented ...