Bu çalışma R21CA134819 (CH), T32CA009035 (SD) ve P30CA006927 (Kanser Merkezi Çekirdek Grant) tarafından finanse edildi. Yazarlar yazının hazırlanması ile ona yardım ile katılımcı işe alım, Lia Boyle, Eva Panigrahi ve prosedürlerinin geliştirilmesi onların yardım için Kate Menezes ile ona yardım için Elizabeth Culnan teşekkür ve Jeanne Pomenti olacaktır. Biz de onların yararlı öneriler için dergi yorumcular teşekkür ederim.

1. UV Pozlama için hazırlanıyor <ol><li> MED test nasıl katılımcı (&quot;Ben 20 dakika, ve yarın boyunca UV ışığına kolunuza bazı cilt ortaya çıkarmak için gidiyorum açıklayın, biz belirlemek için cildinizi bu bölümünü kontrol için gidiyoruz ne kadar hassas bir ışık vardır. Sizi UV maruz olduğu küçük alanlarda güneş yanığı yaşayabilirsiniz. güneş yanığı acı ya da rahatsız, size başka bir güneş yanığı olur gibi davranabilirsiniz. &quot;) </li><li> Personel ve katılımcı UV koruyucu gözlük takmalıdır. </li><li> Katılımcı bir kısa kollu gömlek giyen ya da onun kolunu kıvırmayın olmalıdır. </li><li> Katılımcı elini üzerinde deri korumak için eldiven koymak var. </li><li> Yama sol ve sağ tarafta Daavlin yama 1 destek çıkarın ve eldiven sadece komşu iç alt kol üzerine yerleştirin, mevcut cilt lekeleri kaçınarak. </li><li> Kol wi herhangi bir ek cilt Kapakkatılımcının gömlek ya da diğer malzeme inci. </li><li> Yama delikler UV ışık kaynağına maruz kalacağı şekilde, kol yerleştirin. Başka hiçbir cilt UV ışığına maruz olmalıdır. </li><li> O sıcaklık ancak kolunu test sırasında yanma olmayacaktır hissedeceksiniz katılımcı söyle. </li></ol> 2. UV Pozlama yapılması <ol><li> Patch delikleri (örneğin 6) maruz kalma dönemi boyunca aralıklarla UV maruz olmalıdır. </li><li> Delik 1 açık ile başlayın. </li><li> . 2 Adil deride yanıklara olasılığı daha yüksektir., Üretici ışık kaynağı için özellikleri ve katılımcının Fitzpatrick cilt tipi I-VI (Fitzpatrick, 1988 çok karanlık çok adil) bağlı olarak pozlamayı toplam süresi seçin </li><li> Maruz kalma (örneğin 20 dakika) toplam süresi için bir zamanlayıcı ayarlayın. İkinci bir yedekleme zamanlayıcı da kullanılabilir. Zamanlayıcı (ler) başlatın. </li><li> 4 sonra Örneğin, açık 2 dakika sonra deliği 2, açık delik 3dk, 8 dakika, 16 dakika sonra 12 dakika ve açık delik 6 sonra açık delik 5 sonra açık delik 4. Böylece, cilt UV pozlama süreleri delik 5 için 8 dk, ve delik 6 4 dk delik 1, delik 2, delik 3, delik 4, için 12 dakika 16 dakika 18 dakika 20 dakika olacaktır. </li><li> Amacıyla daha kolay 24-48 saat sonra açıkta kalan yerlerini belirlemek için, yama ilk ve son deliklerin uzak kenarında maruz deri işaretleyin ve cilt incelendiğinde sonrasına kadar işaretleri yıkayın değil katılımcı isteyin. </li><li> Katılımcı eldiven ve düzeltme ekini kaldırmak var. </li><li> Cilt 24-48 saat içinde yeniden incelenmelidir gerektiğini katılımcıya yineliyoruz. </li></ol> 3. MED değerlendirilmesi <ol><li> 24-48 saat sonra, derinin açıkta kalan alanları inceleyin. Kırmızı ya da pembe cilt eritem veya yanma gösterir. UV kısa süre maruz Erythemetous cilt minimal eritem dozu veya MED olarak tanımlanır. </li><li> UV gelecek maruz t daha kısa süreler için olmalıdıro yanmaması için MED. </li><li> Maruz kalma alanları belirlemek zor ise, maruz kalan deri uyum için işaretleri kullanarak geri yama koymak isteyebilirsiniz. Bu aynı zamanda bir spektrofotometre gibi bir ten rengi ölçüm cihazı kullanıyorsanız yararlıdır. </li><li> Spektrofotometreler L önlemler * (karanlık) sağlamak ve b * (ton). * bir cilt kızarıklığı anlamına gelir. Daha yüksek bir * değeri daha kırmızı cilt gösterir. </li><li> Böyle bir spektrofotometre gibi bir ten rengi ölçüm cihazı kullanıyorsanız, ölçülecek deliğin merkezinde spektrofotometre diyafram yerleştirin. </li><li> Sayısal ve karşılaştırma için diğerleri yakın bir gösterilmeyen alanda 6 maruz alanların her ölçün. Her deliğin merkezi değil, bir çil ya da köstebek veya diğer non-UV renk değişimleri ölçmek için deneyin. Ölçümlerin her etiketleyin. Maruz kalmayan alanından ölçüm 0 dak etiketli olmalıdır ve alan 6 (kısa pozlama - 4 dakika) hemen yanında yer. </li><li> Bir * değerlerindeki artışlar UV ışınlarına maruz kalma süresi artış ile karşılık gelmelidir. İlgili sırada değildir yeniden ölçüm değerleri deneyin. </li><li> Maruz kalan deri ile karşılaştırıldığında maruz kalmayan deri bir * bir 2.5 puan farkı potansiyel yanma düşündüren, kızarıklık önemli bir fark gösterir. </li><li> Düşük bir değere * 2.5 ekleyin. Bu değerde veya üzerinde bir şey potansiyel yanma olarak düşünülebilir. Bu değer üzerindeki en düşük maruz kalma süresi MED olarak kabul edilir. </li></ol>

<ol>
	<li>Fitzpatrick, T. B. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+validity+and+practicality+of+sun-reactive+skin+types+I+through+VI.">The validity and practicality of sun-reactive skin types I through VI.</a> Archives of Dermatology. 124, 869-871 (1988).</li><li>Bodekaer, M., Akerstrom, U., Wulf, H. C. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Accumulation+of+sunscreen+in+human+skin+after+daily+applications:+a+study+of+sunscreens+with+different+ultraviolet+radiation+filters.">Accumulation of sunscreen in human skin after daily applications: a study of sunscreens with different ultraviolet radiation filters.</a> Photodermatol. Photoimmunol. Photomed. 28, 127-132 (2012).</li><li>Kwon, I. H., Kwon, H. H., Na, S. J., Youn, J. I. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Could+colorimetric+method+replace+the+individual+minimal+erythemal+dose+(MED)+measurements+in+determining+the+initial+dose+of+narrow-band+UVB+treatment+for+psoriasis+patients+with+skin+phototype+III-V?.">Could colorimetric method replace the individual minimal erythemal dose (MED) measurements in determining the initial dose of narrow-band UVB treatment for psoriasis patients with skin phototype III-V?.</a> J. Eur. Acad. Dermatol. Venereol. , (2012).</li><li>Youn, J. I., Park, J. Y., Jo, S. J., Rim, J. H., Choe, Y. B. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Assessment+of+the+usefulness+of+skin+phototype+and+skin+color+as+the+parameter+of+cutaneous+narrow+band+UVB+sensitivity+in+psoriasis+patients.">Assessment of the usefulness of skin phototype and skin color as the parameter of cutaneous narrow band UVB sensitivity in psoriasis patients.</a> Photodermatol. Photoimmunol. Photomed. 19, 261-264 (2003).</li><li>Henriksen, M., Na, R., Agren, M. S., Wulf, H. C. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Minimal+erythema+dose+after+multiple+UV+exposures+depends+on+pre-exposure+skin+pigmentation.">Minimal erythema dose after multiple UV exposures depends on pre-exposure skin pigmentation.</a> Photodermatol. Photoimmunol. Photomed. 20, 163-169 (2004).</li><li>Kraemer, C. K., Menegon, D. B., Cestari, T. F. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Determination+of+the+minimal+phototoxic+dose+and+colorimetry+in+psoralen+plus+ultraviolet+A+radiation+therapy.">Determination of the minimal phototoxic dose and colorimetry in psoralen plus ultraviolet A radiation therapy.</a> Photodermatol. Photoimmunol. Photomed. 21, 242-248 (2005).</li><li>Sachdeva, S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Fitzpatrick+skin+typing:+applications+in+dermatology.">Fitzpatrick skin typing: applications in dermatology.</a> Indian J. Dermatol. Venereol. Leprol. 75, 93-96 (2009).</li><li>Webb, A. R., Kift, R., Berry, J. L., Rhodes, L. E. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+vitamin+D+debate:+translating+controlled+experiments+into+reality+for+human+sun+exposure+times.">The vitamin D debate: translating controlled experiments into reality for human sun exposure times.</a> Photochem. Photobiol. 87, 741-745 (2011).</li><li>Otman, S. G., Edwards, C., Gambles, B., Anstey, A. V. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Validation+of+a+semiautomated+method+of+minimal+erythema+dose+testing+for+narrowband+ultraviolet+B+phototherapy.">Validation of a semiautomated method of minimal erythema dose testing for narrowband ultraviolet B phototherapy.</a> Br. J. Dermatol. 155, 416-421 (2006).</li><li>Taylor, D. K., Anstey, A. V., Coleman, A. J., Diffey, B. L., Farr, P. M., Ferguson, S., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Guidelines+for+dosimetry+and+calibration+in+ultraviolet+radiation+therapy:+a+report+of+a+British+Photodermatology+Group+workshop.">Guidelines for dosimetry and calibration in ultraviolet radiation therapy: a report of a British Photodermatology Group workshop.</a> Br. J. Dermatol. 146, 755-763 (2002).</li></ol>

Biz ifşa hiçbir şey yok.

Morötesi ışın (UV) tedavisi bazen sedef hastalığı, akne ve egzama gibi çeşitli ortak cilt hastalıkları, için bir tedavi olarak kullanılır. UV ışığının dozaj bireyin Fitzpatrick cilt tipi bir fonksiyonu olarak belirlenen bir kişinin cilt hassasiyeti göre reçete VI (çok koyu çok makul) üzerinden I. 2 İnsan derisi, çünkü farklı UV radyasyonuna karşı hassasiyetini değişir Cilt pigmentasyon, kalınlık ve diğer faktörlere derece. Bu nedenle, hastaya semptomlara göre UV ışı?...

minimal erythema dose (med) testing

Morötesi ışın (UV) tedavisi bazen sedef hastalığı, akne ve egzama gibi çeşitli ortak cilt hastalıkları, için bir tedavi olarak kullanılır. UV ışığının dozaj bireyin cilt hassasiyeti göre reçete edilir. Bu nedenle, hastaya semptomlara göre UV ışığının uygun doz kurmak için, hastanın bazen (şişmesi nedeniyle güneş yanığı ve kırmızılık minimal eritem üretecek UV radyasyonu miktarı, bir minimal eritem dozu (MED), belirlemek için taranır kılcal damarların) maruz kaldıktan sonra birkaç saat içinde bireyin cilt. Bu makale minimal eritem dozu (MED) testi yapmak açıklamaktadır. Resmi MED test yapmadan klinik veya araştırma amaçlı uygun bir UV dozu belirlemek için kolay bir yolu altında veya aşırı doz riskleri ile gözlem test saat sonra, ya da gayri resmi deneme yanılma test gerektiren, şu anda yok. Bununla birlikte, bazı alternatif yöntemler tartışılmıştır.

<img alt="Şekil 1" fo:content-width="4in" fo:src="/files/ftp_upload/50175/50175fig1highres.jpg" src="/files/ftp_upload/50175/50175fig1.jpg" /> Şekil 1 MED test yapma dört adım:. MED değerlendirilmesi, UV ışınlarına maruz kalma yürütülmesi ve MED belirlenmesi, UV ışınlarına maruz kalma hazırlanıyor. <img alt="Şekil 2," src="/files/ftp_upload/50175/50175fig2.jpg"...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Minimal Erythema Dose MED Testing at JoVE.com

Minimal Erythema Dose MED Testing

Bu makale, bir kişiye uygulandığında eritem (yakma) neden olur ultraviyole radyasyon en düşük dozu belirlemek için minimal eritem dozu (MED) testi yapmak açıklamaktadır.

Minimal Eritem Dozu (MED) Test

Ultraviolet radiation (UV) therapy is  sometimes used as a treatment for various common skin conditions, including  psoriasis, acne, and eczema. The ...

Research

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Medicine

Minimal Erythema Dose (MED) Testing

41.3K Görüntüleme.  Fox Chase Cancer Center. Bu makale, bir kişiye uygulandığında eritem (yakma) neden olur ultraviyole radyasyon en düşük dozu belirlemek için minimal eritem dozu (MED) testi yapmak açıklamaktadır.

Video: Minimal Erythema Dose MED Testing

Quantitative Autonomic Testing

Disorders associated with dysfunction of autonomic nervous system are quite common yet frequently unrecognized. Quantitative autonomic testing can be invaluable tool for evaluation of these disorders, both in clinic and research. There are number of autonomic tests, however, only few were validated clinically or are quantitative. Here, fully quantitative and clinically validated protocol for testing of autonomic functions is presented. As a bare minimum the clinical autonomic laboratory should have a tilt table, ECG monitor, continuous noninvasive blood pressure monitor, respiratory monitor and a mean for evaluation of sudomotor domain. The software for recording and evaluation of autonomic tests is critical for correct evaluation of data. The presented protocol evaluates 3 major autonomic domains: cardiovagal, adrenergic and sudomotor. The tests include deep breathing, Valsalva maneuver, head-up tilt, and quantitative sudomotor axon test (QSART). The severity and distribution of dysautonomia is quantitated using Composite Autonomic Severity Scores (CASS). Detailed protocol is provided highlighting essential aspects of testing with emphasis on proper data acquisition, obtaining the relevant parameters and unbiased evaluation of autonomic signals. The normative data and CASS algorithm for interpretation of results are provided as well.

Standardized, comprehensive and fully quantitative testing of autonomic functions is described. The autonomic tests consist of evaluation of all three major autonomic domains including cardiovagal, adrenergic and sudomotor. The severity and distribution of dysautonomia is quantitated using Composite Autonomic Severity Scores.

Kantitatif Otonom Test

Disorders associated with dysfunction of autonomic nervous system are quite common yet frequently unrecognized. Quantitative autonomic testing can be ...

Tıp

X-ray Dose Reduction through Adaptive Exposure in Fluoroscopic Imaging

X-ray fluoroscopy is widely used for image guidance during cardiac intervention. However, radiation dose in these procedures can be high, and this is a significant concern, particularly in pediatric applications. Pediatrics procedures are in general much more complex than those performed on adults and thus are on average four to eight times longer1. Furthermore, children can undergo up to 10 fluoroscopic procedures by the age of 10, and have been shown to have a three-fold higher risk of developing fatal cancer throughout their life than the general population2,3.
We have shown that radiation dose can be significantly reduced in adult cardiac procedures by using our scanning beam digital x-ray (SBDX) system4-- a fluoroscopic imaging system that employs an inverse imaging geometry5,6 (Figure 1, Movie 1 and Figure 2). Instead of a single focal spot and an extended detector as used in conventional systems, our approach utilizes an extended X-ray source with multiple focal spots focused on a small detector. Our X-ray source consists of a scanning electron beam sequentially illuminating up to 9,000 focal spot positions. Each focal spot projects a small portion of the imaging volume onto the detector. In contrast to a conventional system where the final image is directly projected onto the detector, the SBDX uses a dedicated algorithm to reconstruct the final image from the 9,000 detector images.
For pediatric applications, dose savings with the SBDX system are expected to be smaller than in adult procedures. However, the SBDX system allows for additional dose savings by implementing an electronic adaptive exposure technique. Key to this method is the multi-beam scanning technique of the SBDX system: rather than exposing every part of the image with the same radiation dose, we can dynamically vary the exposure depending on the opacity of the region exposed. Therefore, we can significantly reduce exposure in radiolucent areas and maintain exposure in more opaque regions. In our current implementation, the adaptive exposure requires user interaction (Figure 3). However, in the future, the adaptive exposure will be real time and fully automatic.
We have performed experiments with an anthropomorphic phantom and compared measured radiation dose with and without adaptive exposure using a dose area product (DAP) meter. In the experiment presented here, we find a dose reduction of 30%.

We are developing a dynamic adaptive exposure technique using our scanning beam digital X-ray system. Rather than exposing an object uniformly, the exposure is adapted depending on the opacity of the object. Here we show an experiment on an anthropomorphic phantom that resulted in a dose saving of 30%.

Floroskopik Görüntüleme Adaptif Pozlama X-ray Doz Azaltma

X-ray fluoroscopy is widely used for image guidance during cardiac intervention. However, radiation dose in these procedures can be high, and this is a ...

Preparation and Pathogen Inactivation of Double Dose Buffy Coat Platelet Products using the INTERCEPT Blood System

Blood centers are faced with many challenges including maximizing production yield from the blood product donations they receive as well as ensuring the highest possible level of safety for transfusion patients, including protection from transfusion transmitted diseases. This must be accomplished in a fiscally responsible manner which minimizes operating expenses including consumables, equipment, waste, and personnel costs, among others.
Several methods are available to produce platelet concentrates for transfusion. One of the most common is the buffy coat method in which a single therapeutic platelet unit (&ge; 2.0 x1011 platelets per unit or per local regulations) is prepared by pooling the buffy coat layer from up to six whole blood donations. A procedure for producing "double dose" whole blood derived platelets has only recently been developed.
Presented here is a novel method for preparing double dose whole blood derived platelet concentrates from pools of 7 buffy coats and subsequently treating the double dose units with the INTERCEPT Blood System for pathogen inactivation. INTERCEPT was developed to inactivate viruses, bacteria, parasites, and contaminating donor white cells which may be present in donated blood. Pairing INTERCEPT with the double dose buffy coat method by utilizing the INTERCEPT Processing Set with Dual Storage Containers (the "DS set"), allows blood centers to treat each of their double dose units in a single pathogen inactivation processing set, thereby maximizing patient safety while minimizing costs. The double dose buffy coat method requires fewer buffy coats and reduces the use of consumables by up to 50% (e.g. pooling sets, filter sets, platelet additive solution, and sterile connection wafers) compared to preparation and treatment of single dose buffy coat platelet units. Other cost savings include less waste, less equipment maintenance, lower power requirements, reduced personnel time, and lower collection cost compared to the apheresis technique.

This article describes the process used by &#214;rebro University Hospital to produce double dose buffy coat platelet concentrates prepared from whole blood donations and treated with the INTERCEPT Blood System for pathogen inactivation. The in vitro quality of the final platelet units are evaluated over 7 days of storage.

INTERCEPT Kan Sistemi kullanılarak hazırlanması ve Çift Doz Buffy Coat Trombosit Ürünleri Patojen inaktivasyon

Blood centers are faced with many challenges including maximizing production yield from the blood product donations they receive as well as ensuring the ...

A Novel Application of Musculoskeletal Ultrasound Imaging

Ultrasound is an attractive modality for imaging muscle and tendon motion during dynamic tasks and can provide a complementary methodological approach for biomechanical studies in a clinical or laboratory setting. Towards this goal, methods for quantification of muscle kinematics from ultrasound imagery are being developed based on image processing. The temporal resolution of these methods is typically not sufficient for highly dynamic tasks, such as drop-landing. We propose a new approach that utilizes a Doppler method for quantifying muscle kinematics. We have developed a novel vector tissue Doppler imaging (vTDI) technique that can be used to measure musculoskeletal contraction velocity, strain and strain rate with sub-millisecond temporal resolution during dynamic activities using ultrasound. The goal of this preliminary study was to investigate the repeatability and potential applicability of the vTDI technique in measuring musculoskeletal velocities during a drop-landing task, in healthy subjects. The vTDI measurements can be performed concurrently with other biomechanical techniques, such as 3D motion capture for joint kinematics and kinetics, electromyography for timing of muscle activation and force plates for ground reaction force. Integration of these complementary techniques could lead to a better understanding of dynamic muscle function and dysfunction underlying the pathogenesis and pathophysiology of musculoskeletal disorders.

We describe a new ultrasound-based vector tissue Doppler imaging technique to measure muscle contraction velocity, strain and strain rate with sub-millisecond temporal resolution during dynamic activities. This approach provides complementary measurements of dynamic muscle function and could lead to a better understanding of mechanisms underlying musculoskeletal disorders.

Kas-iskelet Ultrason Görüntüleme Bir Roman Uygulama

Ultrasound is an attractive modality for imaging muscle and tendon  motion during dynamic tasks and can provide a complementary methodological  approach ...

Voluntary Breath-hold Technique for Reducing Heart Dose in Left Breast Radiotherapy

Breath-holding techniques reduce the amount of radiation received by cardiac structures during tangential-field left breast radiotherapy. With these techniques, patients hold their breath while radiotherapy is delivered, pushing the heart down and away from the radiotherapy field. Despite clear dosimetric benefits, these techniques are not yet in widespread use. One reason for this is that commercially available solutions require specialist equipment, necessitating not only significant capital investment, but often also incurring ongoing costs such as a need for daily disposable mouthpieces. The voluntary breath-hold technique described here does not require any additional specialist equipment. All breath-holding techniques require a surrogate to monitor breath-hold consistency and whether breath-hold is maintained. Voluntary breath-hold uses the distance moved by the anterior and lateral reference marks (tattoos) away from the treatment room lasers in breath-hold to monitor consistency at CT-planning and treatment setup. Light fields are then used to monitor breath-hold consistency prior to and during radiotherapy delivery.

The current priority in breast cancer radiotherapy is to reduce cardiac doses without compromising target tissue coverage. The voluntary breath-hold technique described here is a simple, inexpensive solution to this problem and capable of being instituted widely without the need for specialized equipment.

Sol Meme Radyoterapi Kalp Doz azaltılması için gönüllü Nefes tutma Tekniği

Breath-holding techniques reduce the amount of radiation received by cardiac structures during tangential-field left breast radiotherapy. With these ...

Minimal Invasive Surgical Procedure of Inducing Myocardial Infarction in Mice

Myocardial infarction still remains the main cause of death in western countries, despite considerable progress in the stent development area in the last decades. For clarification of the underlying mechanisms and the development of new therapeutic strategies, the availability of valid animal models are mandatory. Since we need new insights into pathomechanisms of cardiovascular diseases under in vivo conditions to combat myocardial infarction, the validity of the animal model is a crucial aspect. However, protection of animals are highly relevant in this context. Therefore, we establish a minimally invasive and simple model of myocardial infarction in mice, which assures a high reproducibility and survival rate of animals. Thus, this models fulfils the requirements of the 3R principle (Replacement, Refinement and Reduction) for animal experiments and assure the scientific information needed for further developing of therapeutical strategies for cardiovascular diseases.

A highly reproducible model for myocardial infarction in mice with minimal invasive manipulations is described. The model can be easily performed, resulting in a high reproducibility and survival rate. Thus, the described model will reduce the number of required animals as requested by the 3R principle (Replacement, Refinement and Reduction).

Farelerde Miyokard İnfarktüsü Oluşturan Minimal İnvaziv Cerrahi Prosedür

Myocardial infarction still remains the main cause of death in western countries, despite considerable progress in the stent development area in the last ...

Intracoronary Acetylcholine Provocation Testing for Assessment of Coronary Vasomotor Disorders

Intracoronary acetylcholine provocation testing (ACH-test) is an established method for assessment of epicardial coronary artery spasm in the catheterization laboratory which was introduced more than 30 years ago. Due to the short half-life of acetylcholine it can only be applied directly into the coronary arteries. Several studies have demonstrated the safety and clinical usefulness of this test. However, acetylcholine testing is only rarely applied in the U.S. or Europe. Nevertheless, it has been shown that 62% of Caucasian patients with stable angina and unobstructed coronary arteries on coronary angiography suffer from coronary vasomotor disorders that can be diagnosed with acetylcholine testing. In recent years it has been appreciated that the ACH-test not only assesses the presence of epicardial spasm but that it can also be useful for the detection of coronary microvascular spam. In such cases no epicardial spasm is seen after injection of acetylcholine but ischemic ECG shifts are present together with a reproduction of the patient's symptoms during the test. This article describes the experience with the ACH-test and its implementation in daily clinical routine.

Intracoronary acetylcholine testing has been established for the assessment of epicardial coronary spasm more than 30 years ago. Recently, the focus has shifted towards the microcirculation and it has been shown that microvascular spasm can be detected using ACH-testing. This article describes the ACH-test and its implementation in daily routine.

Değerlendirme Koroner of Vazomotor Bozukluklar için intrakoroner asetilkolin Provokasyon Testi

Intracoronary acetylcholine provocation testing (ACH-test) is an established method for assessment of epicardial coronary artery spasm in the ...

Technique and Patient Selection Criteria of Right Anterior Mini-Thoracotomy for Minimal Access Aortic Valve Replacement

Aortic valve stenosis has become the most prevalent valvular heart disease in developed countries, and is due to the aging of these populations. The incidence of the pathology increases with growing age after 65 years. Conventional surgical aortic valve replacement through median sternotomy has been the gold standard of patient care for symptomatic aortic valve stenosis. However, as the risk profile of patients worsens, other therapeutic strategies have been introduced in an attempt to maintain the excellent results obtained by the established surgical treatment. One of these approaches is represented by transcatheter aortic valve implantation. Although the outcomes of high-risk patients undergoing treatment for symptomatic aortic valve stenosis have improved with transcatheter aortic valve replacement, many patients with this condition remain candidates for surgical aortic valve replacement. In order to reduce the surgical trauma in patients who are candidates for surgical aortic valve replacement, minimally invasive approaches have garnered interest during the past decade. Since the introduction of right anterior thoracotomy for aortic valve replacement in 1993, right anterior mini-thoracotomy and upper hemi-sternotomy have become the predominant incisional approaches among cardiac surgeons performing minimal access aortic valve replacement. Beside the location of the incision, the arterial cannulation site represents the second major landmark of minimal access techniques for aortic valve replacement. The two most frequently used arterial cannulation sites include central aortic and peripheral femoral approaches. With the purpose of reducing surgical trauma in these patients, we have opted for a right anterior mini-thoracotomy approach with a central aortic cannulation site. This protocol describes in detail a technique for minimally invasive aortic valve replacement and provides recommendations for patient selection criteria, including cardiac computer tomography measurements. The indications and limitations of this technique, as well as its alternatives, are discussed.

The goal of this protocol is to describe in detail the technique of minimally invasive aortic valve replacement through a right anterior mini-thoracotomy and central aortic cannulation. This technique can potentially enhance patients&#39; comfort and, by reducing post-operative morbidity, promote lowering the length of stay and global costs.

Teknik ve en az düzeyde erişim aort kapak replasmanı için hemen ön Mini Torakotomi hasta seçimi kriterleri

Aortic valve stenosis has become the most prevalent valvular heart disease in developed countries, and is due to the aging of these populations. The ...

Ultrasonography of the Adult Male Urinary Tract for Urinary Functional Testing

The incidence of clinical benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) is increasing due to the aging population, resulting in a significant economic and quality of life burden. Transgenic and other mouse models have been developed to recreate various aspects of this multifactorial disease; however, methods to accurately quantitate urinary dysfunction and the effectiveness of new therapeutic options are lacking. Here, we describe a method that can be used to measure bladder volume and detrusor wall thickness, urinary velocity, void volume and void duration, and urethral diameter. This would allow for the evaluation of disease progression and treatment efficacy over time. Mice were anesthetized with isoflurane, and the bladder was visualized by ultrasound. For non-contrast imaging, a 3D image was taken of the bladder to calculate volume and evaluate shape; the bladder wall thickness was measured from this image. For contrast-enhanced imaging, a catheter was placed through the dome of the bladder using a 27-gauge needle connected to a syringe by PE50 tubing. A bolus of 0.5 mL of contrast was infused into the bladder until a urination event occurred. Urethral diameter was determined at the point of the Doppler velocity sample window during the first voiding event. Velocity was measured for each subsequent event yielding a flow rate. In conclusion, high frequency ultrasound proved to be an effective method for assessing bladder and urethral measurements during urinary function in mice. This technique may be useful in the assessment of novel therapies for BPH/LUTS in an experimental setting.

We describe the use of high frequency ultrasound with contrast imaging as a method to measure bladder volume, bladder wall thickness, urine velocity, void volume, void duration, and urethral diameter. This strategy can be used to assess voiding dysfunction and treatment efficacy in various mouse models of lower urinary tract dysfunction (LUTD).

İdrar Fonksiyonel Testi için Erişkin Erkek İdrar Yolu Ultrasonografisi

The incidence of clinical benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) is increasing due to the aging population, resulting ...

Precision Implementation of Minimal Erythema Dose (MED) Testing to Assess Individual Variation in Human Inflammatory Response

Minimal erythema dose (MED) testing is frequently used in clinical settings for determining the smallest amount of ultraviolet (UV) irradiation necessary to produce erythema (inflammatory reddening) on the surface of the skin. In this context, the MED is regarded as a key factor in determining starting doses for UV phototherapy for common skin conditions such as psoriasis and eczema. In research settings, MED testing also has potential to be a powerful tool for assessing within- and between-persons variation in inflammatory responses. However, MED testing has not been widely adopted for use in research settings, likely owing to a lack of published guidelines, which is a barrier to obtaining reproducible results from this assay. Also, protocols and equipment for establishing MED vary widely, making it difficult to compare results across laboratories. Here, we describe a precise and reproducible method to induce and measure superficial erythema using newly designed protocols and methods that can easily be adapted to other equipment and laboratory environments. The method described here includes detail on procedures that will allow extrapolation of a standardized dosage schedule to other equipment so that this protocol can be adapted to any UV radiation source.

Precision Implementation of Minimal Erythema Dose MED Testing to Assess Individual Variation in Human Inflammatory Response

Minimal erythema dose (MED) testing is used to establish dosage schedules for ultraviolet radiation phototherapy. It can assess individual variation in inflammatory response but lacks methodology for achieving reproducible results. Here, we present a precision implementation of MED and demonstrate its ability to capture individual variation in inflammatory response.

İnsan İnflamatuar Yanıtında Bireysel Değişimi Değerlendirmek Için Minimal Eritem Dozu (MED) Testinin Hassas Uygulanması

Minimal erythema dose (MED) testing is frequently used in clinical settings for determining the smallest amount of ultraviolet (UV) irradiation necessary ...