Bu çalışma Biyomalzemelere ve Biyomekanik için Minnesota Diş Araştırma Merkezi (MDRCBB) tarafından desteklenmiştir.

Not: Malzeme Listesi&#39;nde yer gibi, Z100, Z250 ve LS: Üç diş reçine kompozit cam boşluklar kullanılarak çalışıldı. Bunlar arasında, LS Z250 ve Z100 (~ sırasıyla% 2 ve ~% 2.5) 18-19 çok daha düşük yaklaşık% 1.0 kadar bir hacimsel büzülme ile düşük çekme reçine bileşik, olduğu bilinmektedir. Ekipman ve bu çalışmada kullanılan diğer malzemeler de Malzeme listesi verilmiştir. 1.. Model Boşluk Hazırlık <ol><li> Düşük devirli elmas testere kullanılarak 10 mm uzunluğunda kısa çubuklar içine uzun silindirik cam çubuk, çapı 10 mm, kesin. </li><li> Bir Mesial-Oklüzal-distal (MOD) boşluğu uyarlanmış düşük devirli elmas testere kullanarak her numunede 3 mm (genişlik) x 2 mm (derinlik) ölçümü (Şekil 1) kesin. </li><li> Şekil 1 &#39;de gösterildiği gibi, boyutları, boşluğun uzunluğuna dik düz bir yüzey oluşturmak için her bir silindir numune aşağı parlatmak. Olan düz yüzey fo hassas sağlar:cusing&#39;i ve restorasyon görüntü kalibrasyonu. Bundan sonra, bu gözlem yüzeyi olarak adlandırılır. </li><li> Test edilen üç malzemenin her biri için numuneler üç hazırlayın: Z100, Z250 ve LS; Malzemeler tabloya bakınız. </li></ol> 2.. Boşluk Reçine Kompozit ile Dolum <ol><li> Tüm cam kavite yüzeyleri Silanize bir fırça ile Seramik Primer ince bir tabaka uygulayın. Bu durum, cam yüzeyleri ve reçine kompozit arasındaki bağ sağlar. </li><li> Yaklaşık 1 dakika sonra, daha ince bir yapışkan tabaka uygulanır. Kompozit Z100 ve Z250 için kompozit LS ve Adper Single Bond Plus LS Yapıştırıcı sistemi kullanın. </li><li> Bir sertleştirme ışık ve süresi, üreticinin talimatlarına göre (10-20 saniye) (Malzemeler tablo) ile yapıştırıcı Cure. </li><li> Şekil 2&#39;de gösterildiği gibi, gözlem yüzeyi haricinde siyah bant ile restorasyon çevresindeki tüm cam yüzeyleri örtün. Amacı sertleştirme ışık ulaşmasını engellemek için olangerçek dişlerin olmaz çevreleyen saydam cam, kompozit reçine ile. </li><li> Reçine kompozit ile boşluğu toplu doldurun ve tüm yüzeyleri düzleştirmek için herhangi bir aşırı kazıyın. </li></ol> 3.. Yüzey Boyama <ol><li> Şimdi reçine kompozit bir kısmını içeren gözlem yüzeyi üzerine beyaz boya ince bir tabaka püskürtün. </li><li> Yüksek kontrastlı benekler oluşturmak için boya üzerine hemen bazı siyah ince kömür tozu serpin. Beneklerin düzensiz şekiller onları tanımlamak ve onların hareketlerini izlemek için DIC yazılım yardımcı olacaktır. </li></ol> 4. Örnek Montaj, Kür ve çekmeler <ol><li> Şekil 2&#39;ye referansla, tutucu (C) bir numune (E) yer ve bir vida (D) ile sıkın. Daha sonra büyük bir yatay kirişin ucuna da bütün koyun. </li><li> Bunlar GÖZLEM karşıya şekilde aynı kirişin üzerine bir CCD kamera ve san bir LED ışığı aydınlatma elde edinn Yüzey. </li><li> Ayarlanabilir kelepçeli bir stand kullanarak, ucu numune üzerinde yaklaşık 1 mm olduğu şekilde sertleştirme ışığı yerleştirin. </li><li> Sertleştirme öncesi referans resmi sağlamak için örnek bir resim çekin. </li><li> 20 saniye için reçine bileşik Cure. </li><li> Kuruduktan sonra 5 dakika başka bir resim çekin. </li><li> Gözlem yüzeyi olarak aynı pozisyonda bir kalibrasyon blok koyun ve bir resim çekin. Kalibrasyon blok boyutu ve kesin olarak bilinen aralığı ile dairesel nokta bir dizi içerir. </li></ol> DIC Yazılımı ile 5. Görüntü Analizi <ol><li> Her bir numune, bir önce ve DIC yazılım içine Kuruduktan sonra biri için çekilen iki fotoğraf aktarın. </li><li> Görüntülerin boyutları kalibre ve kalibrasyon bloğun görüntü kullanılarak görüntü tahrifata karşı düzeltmek. . </li><li> Analizi için gözlem yüzeyinin içinde ilgi alanını tanımlayın. </li><li> 64 x 64 piksel olarak kare alt kümesi pencerelerin boyutunu tanımlayınilk yineleme ve ikinci tekrarında 20 için 32 x 32 piksel. % 50 gibi bir örtüşme tanımlayın. </li><li> Deplasman ve gerilme dağılımları hesaplamak için kür önce alınan referans görüntü ile kür sonra alınan görüntüyü ilişkili. </li></ol>

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Yazarlar, hiçbir rakip mali çıkarlarını olmadığını beyan ederim.

Büzülme ölçüm için aynı şekil ve boyutlara sahip cam boşlukların kullanılması nedeniyle boyut, anatomi ve doğal insan diş malzeme özelliklerindeki farklılıklara sonuçlarında varyasyonu en aza indirmek için. Buna ek olarak, bu çalışmada kullanılan erimiş silis camı kadar mekanik davranış 21-22 ile ilgili olarak, doğal diş için uygun benzer bir malzeme haline getiren, emaye benzer bir Young modülüne sahiptir. Gerçek diş restorasyonlarda, reçine kompozit çoğunlukla yerine mi...

Reçine kompozitler yaygın, çünkü onların üstün estetik ve kullanım özelliklerinin restoratif diş hekimliğinde kullanılır. Ancak, diş dokulara bağlı olmasına rağmen, reçine kompozit polimerizasyon büzülmesi geliştirilen büzülme stres diş-restorasyon arayüzü 1 -2 at bağ açma neden olabileceğinden, bir klinik sorun olmaya devam etmektedir. Sonuç olarak, bakteriler işgal ve ikamet başarısız alanlarda ve ikincil çürük neden olabilir. Restorasyon de dişe bağlı olduğu takdirde, diğer yandan, çekme gerilme diş dokularında çatlaklara neden olabilir. Bu başarısızlık ya termik ve mekanik yükleme döngüleri çok sayıda tabi olacağı diş restorasyon ömrünü, tehlikeye atacaktır. Polimerizasyon büzülmesi gerginlik ve stres ölçümü böylece diş reçine kompozit 3-4 geliştirilmesi ve değerlendirilmesinde vazgeçilmez hale gelmiştir </sup&gt;. Çeşitli ölçüm teknikleri veya yöntemler güvenilir bir reçine kompozit malzemelerin çekme davranışını ölçmek için basit bir kurulum sağlamak amacı ile 5-11 geliştirilmiştir. Sağladıkları ölçümleri farklı malzemelerin çekme davranışlarını karşılaştırmak için yeterli olsa da, onlar büzülme stres gerçek restore dişleri gelişir nerede ve nasıl anlaşılması yardımcı yoktur. Özellikle, büyük ilgi bir soru kavite duvarları dental restorasyonlarda 12 büzülme stres yaratılmasına kompozit ve potansiyel büzülme sınırlamak nasıl. Çekme stres, reçine kompozit büzülme suşunun kısmını oluşturmak için, dikkat edin çekme elastik gerilme çevrilmek zorundadır. Restorasyonunda suşun bu bileşen ölçülebilir Bu nedenle, eğer yararlı olacaktır. Son zamanlarda, optik tam alan bir deformasyon ölçüm tekniği, Dijital Görüntü korelasyon (DIC), serbest shrinka ölçümünde uygulanmıştırdental restorasyonlarda 13-15 reçine kompozit ge yanı sıra malzeme akışı. DIC temel fikri o yüzeyin üzerinde deplasman ve gerilme alanları tespit edilebilir sayede onun deformasyon sırasında alınan sıralı görüntülerden numune yüzeyinde görünür desenleri izlemek ve ilişkilendirmek için. Tam ölçüm alanı düzgün olmayan deformasyon ve gerilme kalıpları 13 gözlem özellikle yararlıdır DIC yöntemi, en önemli avantajlarından biridir. Bu çalışmada, DIC çekme stres gelişimini anlamak ve bağ açılması için potansiyel alanlar belirlenmesi amacı ile, dental reçine kompozit dolgu olarak gerilme desen ortaya çıkarmak için kullanıldı. Bu bilgiler nedeniyle sadece polimerizasyon büzülmesine restorasyon deplasman ölçülen 14-15 yukarıda anılan eserler, doğrudan mevcut değildir. Ölçüm kopya girişimi olarak mesial-okluzal-distal (MOD) diş boşlukları ile diş simüle modelleri kullanılarak yapıldıGerçek dental restorasyonlarda stres ya da gerginlik te. Gerçek diş kullanımı daha anatomik temsili da, bu dezavantajı sonuçlarında büyük varyasyonları neden anatomi, mekanik özellikleri, hidrasyon derecesi hem de görünmez iç kusurlar 14 diş arasında önemli doğal farklılıklardır. Böyle bir sorunu çözmek için, bazı çalışmalar bukkal ebatları 16 açısından gruplandırarak ya da bir taşıyıcı malzeme 17 modelleri ile tamamen dişleri ile ikame diş örnekleri standart çalıştık. Örneğin, (sırası ile, 69 ve 83 GPa) mineye benzer bir Young modülüne sahip alüminyum modeller uç saptırma 17 ile belirtilmiştir çekme stres düzeyi, çekme gerilme ölçümünde kullanılmıştır. Malzeme aynı zamanda şeffaf olduğu gibi, benzer bir Young modülüne (63 GPa), insan emaye zorundadır ve bu nedenle çalışmada, silis cam modelleri (boşluklar) yerine kullanılmıştırent, numunelerde herhangi bir bağ açıcı veya çatlama kolayca görülebilir.

<table><tbody><tr><td>Dental composite Z100</td><td>3M ESPE</td><td>N362979</td><td>volume shrinkage ~ 2.5%, Young&#039;s modulus ~ 14 GPa</td></tr><tr><td>Dental composite Z250</td><td>3M ESPE</td><td>N326080</td><td>volume shrinkage ~ 2.0%, Young&#039;s modulus ~ 11 GPa</td></tr><tr><td>Dental composite LS</td><td>3M ESPE</td><td>N240313</td><td>volume shrinkage ~ 1%, Young&#039;s modulus ~ 10 GPa</td></tr><tr><td>Ceramic Primer</td><td>3M ESPE</td><td>N167818</td><td>Rely X</td></tr><tr><td>LS System Adhesive</td><td>3M ESPE</td><td>N391675</td><td>Adhesive for compoiste LS</td></tr><tr><td>Adper Single Bond Plus</td><td>3M ESPE</td><td>501757</td><td>Adhesive for compoiste Z100 and Z250</td></tr><tr><td>Glass rod&amp;nbsp;</td><td>Corning Inc.</td><td>Pyrex 7740 borosilicate</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Curing light&amp;nbsp;</td><td>3M ESPE</td><td>Elipar S10</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>White paint&amp;nbsp;</td><td>Krylon Product Group</td><td></td><td>Indoor/Outdoor, Flat white</td></tr><tr><td>Charcoal powder&amp;nbsp;</td><td>Sigma Aldrich, Co.</td><td>BCBH6518V</td><td>Fluka activated charcoal</td></tr><tr><td>CCD camera&amp;nbsp;</td><td>Point Grey Research, Inc.</td><td>Point Grey Gras-20S4C-C</td><td></td></tr></tbody></table>

shrinkage of dental composite in simulated cavity measured with digital image correlation

Dental reçine kompozit polimerizasyon büzülme kompozit-restore dişlerin restorasyon sıyrılma veya kırık diş dokularına yol açabilir. Nerede ve nasıl büzülme ve stres gibi anlaşılması restore diş geliştirmek amacıyla, Dijital Görüntü Korelasyonu (DIC) polimerizasyon büzülmesine geçirmiş modeli restorasyonlar içinde yer değiştirme ve gerilme dağılımları kapsamlı bir görünümünü sağlamak için kullanıldı. Model boşlukları olan Örnekler, çap ve uzunluk 10 mm olan silindirik cam çubuklar imal edilmiştir. Her bir örnekte hazırlanan meziyal-okluzal-distal (MOD) boşluğun boyutları sırasıyla genişliği ve derinliği 3 mm ve 2 mm olarak ölçüldü. Reçine kompozit ile boşluğu doldurduktan sonra, gözlem altında yüzeyi beyaz boya ilk ince bir tabaka ve yüksek kontrastlı benekler ardından oluşturmak için ince siyah kömür tozu ile püskürtülmüştür. Bu yüzeyin Resimlerde daha sonra sertleştirme ve sonra 5 dakika önce alınmıştır. Finally, iki resim deplasman ve gerilme dağılımları hesaplamak için DIC yazılımı kullanılarak korelasyon. Reçine kompozit restorasyon en aşağı doğru yer değiştirmeye sahip bir üst orta kısmı ile boşluğun alt kısmına doğru dikey olarak azaldı. Aynı zamanda, kendi dikey orta çizgisine doğru yatay olarak azaldı. Kompozitin büzülme restorasyonu etrafında cuspal sapması ve yüksek çekme gücü ile sonuçlanan &quot;diş restorasyonu&quot; arayüzü yakın gerilmiş malzeme. Kavite duvar veya zemine yakın malzemesi çoğunlukla arayüzleri dik yönde doğrudan suşları vardı. İki direkt gerilme bileşenleri toplamı restorasyonu etrafında nispeten eşit bir dağılıma sahip olduğunu göstermiştir ve büyüklüğü, malzemenin hacimsel büzülme yaklaşık eşit olmuştur.

Üç örnek, her malzeme için test edildi. Gerekirse her testten sonra, numune bir mikroskop kullanarak, gözlerinden muayene veya edildi. &quot;Diş-restorasyon&quot; arayüzü veya çatlama hiçbir belirgin debonding bulundu. Resim çözünürlüğü 5.8 mm piksel boyutu 1.600 x 1.180 piksel oldu. 32 piksel bir alt pencere boyutu ile, deplasman dağılımlarının uzaysal çözünürlüğü etrafında 186 mm oldu. Şekil 3, Z250 ile yapılan b...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Shrinkage of Dental Composite in Simulated Cavity Measured with Digital Image Correlation at JoVE.com

Shrinkage of Dental Composite in Simulated Cavity Measured with Digital Image Correlation

Dental reçine kompozit restorasyonlarda polimerizasyon büzülmesi stres mekansal gelişimini anlamak için, Dijital Görüntü Korelasyon polimerizasyon öncesinde ve sonrasında alınan restorasyon görüntüleri ilişkilendirerek tarafından restore modeli cam boşlukları tam saha deplasman / gerilme ölçümü sağlamak için kullanılmıştır.

Simüle Kâzım Diş Kompozit büzülme Dijital Görüntü Korelasyon ile Ölçülen

Polymerization shrinkage of dental resin composites can lead to restoration debonding or cracked tooth tissues in composite-restored teeth. In order to ...

shrinkage-dental-composite-simulated-cavity-measured-with-digital

Research

JoVE Journal

Medicine

13.4K Görüntüleme.  University of Minnesota.  Dental reçine kompozit restorasyonlarda polimerizasyon büzülmesi stres mekansal gelişimini anlamak için, Dijital Görüntü Korelasyon polimerizasyon öncesinde ve sonrasında alınan restorasyon görüntüleri ilişkilendirerek tarafından restore modeli cam boşlukları tam saha deplasman / gerilme ölçümü sağlamak için kullanılmıştır. 

Video: Shrinkage of Dental Composite in Simulated Cavity Measured with Digital Image Correlation

In situ Compressive Loading and Correlative Noninvasive Imaging of the Bone-periodontal Ligament-tooth Fibrous Joint

This study demonstrates a novel biomechanics testing protocol. The advantage of this protocol includes the use of an in situ loading device coupled to a high resolution X-ray microscope, thus enabling visualization of internal structural elements under simulated physiological loads and wet conditions. Experimental specimens will include intact bone-periodontal ligament (PDL)-tooth fibrous joints. Results will illustrate three important features of the protocol as they can be applied to organ level biomechanics: 1) reactionary force vs. displacement: tooth displacement within the alveolar socket and its reactionary response to loading, 2) three-dimensional (3D) spatial configuration and morphometrics: geometric relationship of the tooth with the alveolar socket, and 3) changes in readouts 1 and 2 due to a change in loading axis, i.e. from concentric to eccentric loads. Efficacy of the proposed protocol will be evaluated by coupling mechanical testing readouts to 3D morphometrics and overall biomechanics of the joint. In addition, this technique will emphasize on the need to equilibrate experimental conditions, specifically reactionary loads prior to acquiring tomograms of fibrous joints. It should be noted that the proposed protocol is limited to testing specimens under ex vivo conditions, and that use of contrast agents to visualize soft tissue mechanical response could lead to erroneous conclusions about tissue and organ-level biomechanics.

In situ Compressive Loading and Correlative Noninvasive Imaging of the Bone-periodontal Ligament-tooth Fibrous Joint

In this study, the use of an in situ loading device coupled with micro-X-ray computed tomography for fibrous joint biomechanics will be discussed. Experimental readouts identifiable with an overall change in joint biomechanics will include: 1) reactionary force vs. displacement, i.e. tooth displacement within the alveolar socket and its reactionary response to loading, 2) three-dimensional (3D) spatial configuration and morphometrics, i.e.&#160;geometric relationship of the tooth with the alveolar socket, and 3) changes in readouts 1 and 2 due to a change in loading axis, i.e. concentric or eccentric loads.

Yerinde Basınç Yükleme ve Kemik-periodontal ligament-diş Lifli Joint Korelatif noninvaziv Görüntüleme

This study demonstrates a novel biomechanics testing protocol. The advantage of this protocol includes the use of an in situ loading device coupled to a ...

Biyomühendislik

Measuring the Complete-arch Distortion of an Optical Dental Impression

Digital workflows have actively been used to produce dental restorations or oral appliances since dentists started to make digital impressions by acquiring 3D images with an intraoral scanner. Because of the nature of scanning the oral cavity in the patient&#39;s mouth, the intraoral scanner is a handheld device with a small optical window, stitching together small data to complete the entire image. During the complete-arch impression procedure, a deformation of the impression body can occur and affect the fit of the restoration or appliance. In order to measure these distortions, a master specimen was designed and produced with a metal 3D printer. Designed reference geometries allow setting independent coordinate systems for each impression and measure x, y, and z displacements of the cylinder top circle center where the distortion of the impression can be evaluated. In order to evaluate the reliability of this method, the coordinate values of the cylinder are calculated and compared between the original computer-aided design (CAD) data and the reference data acquired with the industrial scanner. The coordinate differences between the two groups were mostly less than 50 &#181;m, but the deviations were high due to the tolerance of 3D printing in the z coordinates of the obliquely designed cylinder on the molar. However, since the printed model sets a new standard, it does not affect the results of the test evaluation. The reproducibility of the reference scanner is 11.0 &#177; 1.8 &#181;m. This test method can be used to identify and improve upon the intrinsic problems of an intraoral scanner or to establish a scanning strategy by measuring the degree of distortion at each part of the complete-arch digital impression.

Here, we present a protocol to measure the degree of distortion at each part of the compete-arch digital impression acquired from an intraoral scanner with 3D-printed metal phantom with standard geometries.

Bir optik diş Izlenim Complete-Arch distorsiyon ölçme

Digital workflows have actively been used to produce dental restorations or oral appliances since dentists started to make digital impressions by ...

Mühendislik

Accuracy in Dental Medicine, A New Way to Measure Trueness and Precision

Reference scanners are used in dental medicine to verify a lot of procedures. The main interest is to verify impression methods as they serve as a base for dental restorations. The current limitation of many reference scanners is the lack of accuracy scanning large objects like full dental arches, or the limited possibility to assess detailed tooth surfaces. A new reference scanner, based on focus variation scanning technique, was evaluated with regards to highest local and general accuracy. A specific scanning protocol was tested to scan original tooth surface from dental impressions. Also, different model materials were verified. The results showed a high scanning accuracy of the reference scanner with a mean deviation of 5.3 &#177; 1.1 &#181;m for trueness and 1.6 &#177; 0.6 &#181;m for precision in case of full arch scans. Current dental impression methods showed much higher deviations (trueness: 20.4 &#177; 2.2 &#181;m, precision: 12.5 &#177; 2.5 &#181;m) than the internal scanning accuracy of the reference scanner. Smaller objects like single tooth surface can be scanned with an even higher accuracy, enabling the system to assess erosive and abrasive tooth surface loss. The reference scanner can be used to measure differences for a lot of dental research fields. The different magnification levels combined with a high local and general accuracy can be used to assess changes of single teeth or restorations up to full arch changes.

Accuracy is a major demand in dental medicine. To verify accuracy, reference scanners are needed. This article presents a new reference scanner with an adjusted scanning method to acquire a broad variety of dental morphologies with high trueness and precision.

Gerçeklik ve kesinlik Tedbir Diş Hekimliği, A New Way Doğruluk

Reference scanners are used in dental medicine to verify a lot of procedures. The main interest is to verify impression methods as they serve as a base ...

Tıp

Confocal Time Lapse Imaging as an Efficient Method for the Cytocompatibility Evaluation of Dental Composites

It is generally accepted that in vitro cell material interaction is a useful criterion in the evaluation of dental material biocompatibility. The objective of this study was to use 3D CLSM time lapse confocal imaging to assess the in vitro biocompatibility of dental composites. This method provides an accurate and sensitive indication of viable cell rate in contact with dental composite extracts. The ELS extra low shrinkage, a dental composite used for direct restoration, has been taken as example. In vitro assessment was performed on cultured primary human gingival fibroblast cells using Live/Dead staining. Images were obtained with the FV10i confocal biological inverted system and analyzed with the FV10-ASW 3.1 Software. Image analysis showed a very slight cytotoxicity in the presence of the tested composite after 5 hours of time lapse. A slight decrease of cell viability was shown in contact with the tested composite extracts compared to control cells. The findings highlighted the use of 3D CLSM time lapse imaging as a sensitive method to qualitatively and quantitatively evaluate the biocompatibility behavior of dental composites.

The most studied aspect of the biocompatibility of dental composites is their cytotoxicity 3D CLSM time lapse imaging combined with fluorescent signal quantification allows sensitive evaluation of the cell fate over time. Utilizing this method could be an efficient tool to assess the cytocompatibility of dental composites.

Diş Kompozit Cytocompatibility Değerlendirme Verimli Yöntemi olarak Confocal Time Lapse Görüntüleme

It is generally accepted that in vitro cell material interaction is a useful criterion in the evaluation of dental material biocompatibility. The ...

Ratiometric Imaging of Extracellular pH in Dental Biofilms

The pH in bacterial biofilms on teeth is of central importance for dental caries, a disease with a high worldwide prevalence. Nutrients and metabolites are not distributed evenly in dental biofilms. A complex interplay of sorption to and reaction with organic matter in the biofilm reduces the diffusion paths of solutes and creates steep gradients of reactive molecules, including organic acids, across the biofilm. Quantitative fluorescent microscopic methods, such as fluorescence life time imaging or pH ratiometry, can be employed to visualize pH in different microenvironments of dental biofilms. pH ratiometry exploits a pH-dependent shift in the fluorescent emission of pH-sensitive dyes. Calculation of the emission ratio at two different wavelengths allows determining local pH in microscopic images, irrespective of the concentration of the dye. Contrary to microelectrodes the technique allows monitoring both vertical and horizontal pH gradients in real-time without mechanically disturbing the biofilm. However, care must be taken to differentiate accurately between extra- and intracellular compartments of the biofilm. Here, the ratiometric dye, seminaphthorhodafluor-4F 5-(and-6) carboxylic acid (C-SNARF-4) is employed to monitor extracellular pH in in vivo grown dental biofilms of unknown species composition. Upon exposure to glucose the dye is up-concentrated inside all bacterial cells in the biofilms; it is thus used both as a universal bacterial stain and as a marker of extracellular pH. After confocal microscopic image acquisition, the bacterial biomass is removed from all pictures using digital image analysis software, which permits to exclusively calculate extracellular pH. pH ratiometry with the ratiometric dye is well-suited to study extracellular pH in thin biofilms of up to 75 &#181;m thickness, but is limited to the pH range between 4.5 and 7.0.

A pH-sensitive ratiometric dye is used in combination with confocal laser scanning microscopy and digital image analysis to monitor extracellular pH in dental biofilms in real-time.

Diş Biyofilmler ekstraselüler pH rasyometrik Görüntüleme

The pH in bacterial biofilms on teeth is of central importance for dental caries, a disease with a high worldwide prevalence. Nutrients and metabolites ...

İmmünoloji ve Enfeksiyon

Roughness Impact of Piezoelectric Dental Scaler on Two Distinct Flowable Composite Filling Materials

Dental ultrasonic scalers are commonly employed in periodontal treatment; however, their ability to roughen tooth surfaces is a worry since roughness may increase plaque production, a key cause of periodontal disease. This research studied the influence of a piezoelectric ultrasonic scaler on the roughness of two distinct flowable composite filling materials. To do this, 10 disc-shaped samples were generated from each of the two flowable composite materials. After standardized polishing, samples were submerged in water for 24 h before the first surface examination using electron microscopy and profilometry. The ultrasonic scaler was applied to a specified location of each sample for 60 s under water cooling and regulated force. Post-scaler surface parameters were again examined. Following the application of the scaler, both composite materials exhibited a notable increase in surface roughness, as determined by profilometry (p &lt; 0.01). Additionally, the observed surface roughness was also qualitatively visualized with scanning electron microscopy. While initial roughness levels were comparable across the two composites (p = 0.143) after scaler application, no substantial discrepancy in surface texture was noticed between them (p = 0.684). The use of a high-power piezoelectric ultrasonic scaler on routinely used flowable composite restorations might generate considerable surface roughness, possibly leading to increased plaque accumulation. Nevertheless, it might be postulated that nanohybrid flowable composite materials having conventional monomer ingredients may demonstrate comparable surface alterations within the limitations of this experiment.

This methodology allows applying a dental appliance on any specimen at any angle with standardized force and stability. This approach might be extensively used in health sciences to standardize the impacts of dental equipment with hand-holding elements such as micromotors, turbines, and ultrasonic scalers on varied surfaces.

Piezoelektrik Dental Ölçekleyicinin İki Farklı Akışkan Kompozit Dolgu Malzemesi Üzerindeki Pürüzlülük Etkisi

Dental ultrasonic scalers are commonly employed in periodontal treatment; however, their ability to roughen tooth surfaces is a worry since roughness may ...

Davranış

3D Imaging of PDL Collagen Fibers during Orthodontic Tooth Movement in Mandibular Murine Model

Orthodontic tooth movement is a complex biological process of altered soft and hard tissue remodeling as a result of external forces. In order to understand these complex remodeling processes, it is critical to study the tooth and periodontal tissues within their 3D context and therefore minimize any sectioning and tissue artefacts. Mouse models are often utilized in developmental and structural biology, as well as in biomechanics due to their small size, high metabolic rate, genetics and ease of handling. In principle this also makes them excellent models for dental related studies. However, a major impediment is their small tooth size, the molars in particular. This paper is aimed at providing a step by step protocol for generating orthodontic tooth movement and two methods for 3D imaging of the periodontal ligament fibrous component of a mouse mandibular molar. The first method presented is based on a micro-CT setup enabling phase enhancement&#160;imaging of fresh collagen tissues. The second method is a bone clearing method using ethyl cinnamate that enables imaging through the bone without sectioning and preserves endogenous fluorescence. Combining this clearing method with reporter mice like Flk1-Cre;TdTomato provided a first of its kind opportunity to image the 3D vasculature in the PDL and alveolar bone.

We present a protocol for generating orthodontic tooth movement in mice and methods for 3D visualization of the collagen fibers and blood vessels of periodontal ligament without sectioning.

Mandibular Murine Modelinde Ortodontik Diş Hareketi Sırasında PDL Kollajen Liflerinin 3D Görüntülenmesi

Orthodontic tooth movement is a complex biological process of altered soft and hard tissue remodeling as a result of external forces. In order to ...

Detection and Removal of Tooth-Colored Composite Resin Using the Fluorescence-Aided Identification Technique

The detection and removal of tooth-colored filling materials is a major challenge for every dentist. The Fluorescence-aided Identification Technique (FIT) is a noninvasive tool to facilitate the distinction of composite resin material from sound tooth substance. Compared to conventional illumination, FIT is a very accurate, reliable, and fast diagnostic method. When composite resin is illuminated with a wavelength of approximately 398 &plusmn; 5 nm, certain fluorescent components make the composite resin appear brighter than the tooth structure. Any fluorescence-inducing light source with the appropriate wavelength can be used for this method. Optimally, this technique is used without additional natural or artificial lighting. The application of FIT can be used for diagnostic purposes, for example, dental charts, and additionally for the complete and minimally invasive removal of composite resin restorations, bracket debonding, and trauma splint removal. The assessment of volumetric changes after composite removal can be provided by overlapping pre- and postoperative scans and subsequent calculation using suitable software.

The Fluorescence-aided Identification Technique is a practicable, fast, and reliable approach for the differentiation of composite resin restorations from tooth substance, and facilitates the minimally invasive and complete removal of composite resin restorations and composite bonded trauma splints.

Floresan Destekli Tanımlama Tekniği Kullanılarak Diş Rengindeki Kompozit Reçinenin Tespiti ve Uzaklaştırılması

The detection and removal of tooth-colored filling materials is a major challenge for every dentist. The Fluorescence-aided Identification Technique (FIT) ...

Precision of In Vivo Quantitative Tooth Wear Measurement Using Intra-Oral Scans

Quantitative wear measurement is of increasing interest for measuring tooth wear progression. However, most research on quantitative wear measurement has focused on simulated wear or scanned gypsum casts. A 3D Wear Analysis (3DWA) protocol has been developed that analyzes tooth wear in vivo through intra-oral scanners available to dental clinicians. This study investigated the precision of the 3DWA protocol for measuring wear through maximum height loss (mm) and volume change (mm3). Observational prospective wear data from 55 patients were analyzed after 0-1-, 0-3-, and 0-5-year intervals to determine rates of wear, and convenience samples were chosen to test the protocol&#39;s precision on dentitions scanned twice in one sitting and its intra- and inter-rater precision on scans with 0-3- and 0-5-year intervals. Scans were made using intra-oral scanners (IOS) and superimposed using 3D measurement software. T-tests were performed to determine the structural and random error, and trimmed ranges were calculated to interpret the error. For protocol precision, the mean difference was 0.015 mm (-0.002; 0.032, p = 0.076) for height and -0.111 mm3 (-0.250; 0.023, p = 0.101) for volume. The duplicate measurement error was 0.062 mm for height and 0.268 mm3 for volume. The height measurements were precise enough to measure wear after intervals of 0-3 or 0-5 years; however, volume measurements were susceptible to procedural error and operator sensitivity. The 3DWA protocol is precise enough to adequately measure tooth height loss after intervals of a minimum of 3 years or in patients with severe wear progression, but it is not suited to measuring volumetric changes.

Precision of In Vivo Quantitative Tooth Wear Measurement Using Intra-Oral Scans

Quantitative wear measurement is a method of increasing importance in measuring tooth wear progression. We here describe a protocol, its precision, and its intra/inter-rater precision for the acquisition and superimposition of repeated in vivo scanned dentitions in patients with moderate to severe wear, reporting on both height and volume measurements.

Ağız İçi Taramalar Kullanılarak İn Vivo Kantitatif Diş Aşınması Ölçümünün Hassasiyeti

Quantitative wear measurement is of increasing interest for measuring tooth wear progression. However, most research on quantitative wear measurement has ...

Semi-Automated Planimetric Quantification of Dental Plaque Using an Intraoral Fluorescence Camera

Dental plaque accumulation is quantified using clinical indices or, otherwise, the planimetric plaque index (PPI),&#160;which measures the relative area of a tooth that is covered by plaque deposits. Compared to clinical indices, the PPI has a higher discriminatory power, but traditional planimetry is a time-consuming analysis, as the plaque-covered and clean tooth areas have to be determined manually for each image using image-processing software. Here, we present a method for the semi-automated planimetric quantification of dental plaque, which allows for the rapid processing of up to 1,000 images simultaneously. The method exploits the enhanced contrast between disclosed plaque, sound tooth surfaces, and soft tissues in fluorescence images acquired with an intraoral camera. Careful execution of the clinical procedures and accurate image acquisition are crucial steps for the successful semi-automated identification of the plaque-covered areas. The method is suitable for planimetry on sound facial and oral tooth surfaces, on most composite resin restorations, and on teeth with orthodontic brackets, but not on metallic restorations. Compared to traditional PPI recordings, semi-automated planimetry considerably reduces the amount of time spent on the analysis, as well as the subjective human input, thus increasing the reproducibility of planimetric measurements.

This study presents a semi-automated digital image analysis procedure for the planimetric quantification of disclosed dental plaque based on images acquired with an intraoral fluorescence camera. The method allows for the rapid and reliable quantification of dental plaque in the research environment.

Ağız İçi Floresan Kamera Kullanılarak Diş Plakının Yarı Otomatik Planimetrik Ölçümü

Dental plaque accumulation is quantified using clinical indices or, otherwise, the planimetric plaque index (PPI),&#160;which measures the relative area ...