Name: detection of true ige-expressing mouse b lineage cells
Uploaded: 2014-12-01T14:00:00.000+00:00
Duration: 9 min 40 s
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Detection of True IgE-expressing Mouse B Lineage Cells at JoVE.com

DRW NIH hibe AI089972 ve AI113217 tarafından ve Mukozal İmmünoloji Çalışmaları Ekibi tarafından desteklenen ve Burroughs Wellcome Fonu Tıbbi Bilimciler için Kariyer Ödülü tutar.

NOT: Burada açıklanan tüm deneyler Kurumsal Hayvan Bakım ve Kullanım Komitesi (IACUC) kurallarına uygun olarak ve Hayvancılık Araştırma Hastanesi Çocuk (ARCH), Boston, Mass tarafından onayladı. Reaktifler 1. Hazırlık <ol><li> 1,000x, IL-4 Stok: H 2, O ya da% 0.1 bovin serum albümini (BSA) içinde 20 ug / ml olacak şekilde seyreltin, IL-4, sitokin. -20 ° C&#39;de 1.5 ml mikrosantrifüj tüplerine ve saklamak için 200 ul alikolar içinde dağıtın. </li><li> 1,000x anti-CD40: 4 ° C &#39;de, 1.0 mg / ml arasında, mağazada üreticisinden elde edilir. </li><li> B hücre uyarılmasını ortamı: RPMI-1640 ortamı içinde 425 ml&#39;lik, ekleme 75 taze çözülmüş fetal buzağı serumu mi (FCS), 1.0 M HEPES tamponunda, 5 ml L-glutamin stokunun 10 mi, 5 ml Penisilin: Streptomisin stoku, 5 2-merkaptoetanol mi Asgari Temel Ortam Aslî Olmayan Amino Asitler (MEM-NEAA) ve 3.5 ul. Bir haftaya kadar 4 ˚C Ortamı tutun. IL-4 (20 ng / ml) ve anti-CD40 (1.0 ug / ml), kullanılmadan hemen önce eklemesadece gerekli ortamın hacmi. </li><li> % 2 FCS-FACS Tampon: 1x PBS 490 ml FCS, 10 ml ilave edilir. 4 ° C&#39;de tutun. </li><li> 2x tripsin-EDTA çözeltisi: 1x PBS, 20 ml 10 x tripsin-EDTA stok çözeltisi (5.0 gr, tripsin, litre başına 2.0 g EDTA) 5 ml seyreltin. Mağaza tripsin-EDTA 2x 4 ° C&#39;de alikotları çalışma. Kullanmadan önce oda sıcaklığına ısınmasına izin verin. </li><li> Cenin buzağı serumu: en fazla iki hafta boyunca 4 ° C&#39;de eritilmiş FCS tutun. Sitoplazmik boyama prosedürü önce buz 15 dk yerleştirin. </li><li> Nötr-tamponlu formalin:% 10 formalin solüsyonu (% 3.7 paraformaldehid) hazırlayın. Formalin toksik ve uygun KKD giyerek bu nedenle laboratuar davlumbaz altında tutun. Bir kimyasal depolama kabini oda sıcaklığında saklayın formalin. </li><li> Metanol: -20 ° C&#39;de saklayın mutlak metanol (% 100) hücreleri geçirgenleştirildi hazır olana kadar. Bu, metanol yanıcı ve uygun bir dondurucuda saklanabilir gerektiğine dikkat ediniz. </li></ol> 2.Saflaştırılması ve B hücrelerinin aktivasyonu <ol><li> Taze hasat fare dalak kaynaktan, dikkatli bir şekilde 3 ml lik bir enjektör pistonuna sahip 70 mikron hücre süzgecinden organı basarak tek bir hücre süspansiyonu hazırlanır. 15 ml konik santrifüj tüpü içinde, 4 ° C&#39;de 5 dakika boyunca 300 x g&#39;de 1x 10 ml PBS hücrelerin ve santrifüj toplar. </li><li> 5 dakika boyunca alyuvar parçalanması Tamponu, 1 ml yüzer madde ve tekrar süspansiyon pelet süzün. 5 dakika boyunca 300 xg&#39;de 13.5 1x PBS ml ve santrifüj ile nötralize edin. </li><li> (İsteğe bağlı) Manyetik üreticinin talimatlarına göre MACS arıtma protokolü takip edilerek, boncuklar, anti-CD45R (B220) ile B hücreleri -etiketli ayırın. </li><li> 37 ° C &#39;de, IL-4 (20 ng / ml) ve 5 gün boyunca bir anti-CD40 (1.0 ug / ml) ihtiva eden ısıtılmış B hücre uyarılmasını ortam içinde 1.0 x 10 6 hücre / ml&#39;de, saflaştırılmış B hücrelerini stimüle eder. 6 oyuklu bir kültür plakasına (4 mL) içinde 2 kuyu ayrılmıştır kültür 8 ml ile başlar. </li><li> Cultu edin1.0 x 10 6 hücre / ml&#39;de korumak için günlük olarak tekrar. Diğer kuyulara bölme ve taze IL-4 ve anti-CD40 ihtiva eden B hücre uyarılmasını ortamı ile kültür seyreltilerek konsantrasyonu ayarlayın. </li></ol> 3. tripsinizasyonu, Fiksasyon ve Permeabilization <ol><li> Trypsinization <ol><li> 5 dakika boyunca 300 xg&#39;de, 15 ml konik tüp içinde santrifüj kültür hücrelerinin kadar 1.0 x 10 7 toplayın, ve süpernatant süzün. </li><li> Hücre toplama ortamından artık proteinin ayrılması için 10 ml PBS ile yıkayın. Santrifüj adımı tekrarlayın ve süpernatant süzün. </li><li> (Yaklaşık 100 ul) boşaltılarak sonra rezidüel hacim hücre pelletini. </li><li> Dikkatlice hücreler, oda sıcaklığında,% 0.1 (2x) tripsin-EDTA, 800 ul ilave edin. Konik tüp tarafında aşağı 45 ° açıyla yavaşça koyun. </li><li> Tüp kapatın ve sıvı tüp 5-6 kez uzunluğu boyunca uzanan bu yüzden tüp eğerek hafifçe karıştırıns. Bir tel, beyaz bir çökelti çözeltisi içinde meydana gelebilir. Bir dakika altındaki trypsinization zamanı sınırlayın. </li><li> Soğuk FCS, 1 ml tripsinizasyon reaksiyonu söndürün. Hemen soğuk PBS 10 ml ilave etmek suretiyle FCS ile seyreltilir. </li><li> 4 ° C&#39;de 5 dakika boyunca 300 x g&#39;de santrifüj, ardından süpernatan süzün ve buz tüpleri döndürür. </li></ol></li><li> Tespit <ol><li> Boşaltılarak sonra rezidüel hacim hücrelerin tekrar. Gerekirse, soğuk PBS ile 100 ul hacmi getirmek. </li><li> Bir çeker ocak içinde, hücrelere% 10 nötr tamponlu formalin çözeltisi 800 ul ve yukarı ve aşağı pipetleme ve. Tüp formalin ilavesi üzerine sıcak olacak. 10 dakika boyunca 37 ° C&#39;de inkübe edilir. </li></ol></li><li> Permeabilizasyon <ol><li> Hafif sallayarak hızında bir tezgah üstü vorteks karıştırıcı ayarlayın. </li><li> 10 ml&#39;lik bir serolojik pipet içine soğuk (-20 ° C) metanol içinde 9 ml çizin. </li><li> Vorteks mikser üzerinde hücreleri içeren tüp tutun ve yavaşça sallıyor başlangıçg kadar hücre. </li><li> Tüp hala çok titriyor metanol sürekli karıştırma olduğunu iken hücreleri üzerine damla damla düşer, böylece tüp soğuk metanol ekleyin. Metanol ilk 2 ml sonra dağıtma hızı yavaş bir akışla kadar arttırılabilir. </li><li> 30 dk permeabilization tamamlamak için tüp buz üzerinde bekletin. Seçenek olarak ise, hücreler, bir aya kadar -20 ° C&#39;de muhafaza edilebilir. </li></ol></li></ol> IgG1 ve IgE sınıf değiştirme 4. Floresan Boyama <ol><li> Santrifüj 5 dakika boyunca 300 xg&#39;de örnek ve metanol çözüm süzün. Beyaz bir çökelti hücreleri ile pelet olabilir. </li><li> 5 dakika Hücreleri yıkamak için 300 x g&#39;de oda sıcaklığında PBS 1x ve santrifüj 10 ml ilave edilir. Kez tekrarlayın. Not: oda sıcaklığı PBS ile pelet yıkanması adım 4.1 sonra oluşabilecek ekstra çökelti çözer. </li><li> % 2 FCS-FACS tamponu 10 ml ek yıkama yapın. </li><li> Yuvarlak tabanlı plaka 96 çukurlu numuneleri dağıtmave 5 dakika boyunca 300 x g&#39;de santrifüj. Süpernatant süzün ve buz üzerinde tabak koydu. </li><li> Aşağıdaki antikor seyreltmeleri ile oyuk başına% 2 FCS-FACS tamponu 60 ul Leke: Anti-IgM RPE / Cy7, 1: 200, anti-lgG1 PE, 1: 600, anti-IgE FITC, 1: 100, Anti- CD45R (B220) PerCP Cy5.5 @, 1: 200 </li><li> Boyama 5 dakika sonra, 300 x g, 5 dakika boyunca% 2 FCS-FACS tamponu ve santrifüj 150 ul plakayı yıkayın. </li><li> 5 ml&#39;lik bir FACS tüpü içine, bir 40 um naylon hücre süzgecinden% 2 FCS-FACS tamponu ve pipet 400 ul içinde süspanse. </li></ol> 5. Aşağıdaki Yolluk Strateji kullanın: <ol><li> FSC / SSC arsa (Şekil 1) bulunan patlatma lenfosit nüfus CD45R (B220) pozitif hücreleri izole. </li><li> B220 pozitif hücrelerden, ilgili popülasyonları ortaya IgE ve IgG1 arsa kullanın. </li></ol>

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Anti-CD40 ve IL-4 ile kültürde fare dalak B hücreleri uyarımı IgG1 ve IgE 5, T yardımcı tip 2 (Th2) etkileşimi teşvik edici sınıf değiştirme simule eder. B hücreleri, toplam splenositler 12 ya da saflaştırılmış ve splenik B hücrelerinin 11 bağlamında CSR etkinleştirilebilir. Protokol (adım 2.3) de belirtildiği gibi, B hücresi zenginleştirme isteğe bağlıdır, ve yararlı olurdu olmadığını belirlemek için deneyci takdirine bağlıdır. CD45R (B...

Fare ve insan immünoglobulin ağır zinciri (IgH) sınıf anahtarı rekombinasyon (CSR) sırasında, IgH, sabit bölge ekzon (Cμ) silindi ve aşağı doğru sabit bölge eksonların çeşitli kümelerinin bir (Cı lH ler) (örneğin, Cγ değiştirilir μ Ig sınıflarına (örneğin, IgG, IgE ya da IgA) üretimine IgM üretimi ile ilgili bir anahtar elde Cε ve Ca&#39;sına). CSR CH s, 1 her bir grubu için 5 &#39;bölgesinde yer 1-10 kb sekansları anahtarı (s) bölgeleri içinde gerçekleşir. Aktivasyon Bağlı Sıtıdın Deaminaz (AID) enzim sitidinin deaminasyon etkinliği yoluyla CSR başlatır. IgE allerjik hastalık 2 anahtar arabulucu ve IgE üretilen ve atopik hastalığı için yeni tedavi yaklaşımları kapılarını açabilir düzenlenir nasıl büyük bir anlayıştır. Farelerde ve insanlarda olarak IgE, en sıkı bir şekilde düzenlenmiş Ig izotiptir. IgE normal tim düzeyleri binlerce tespit edilires diğer IgH daha az 3 isotypes, ama çok hastalık durumlarında 4 yükselmiş olabilir. Bununla birlikte, IgE CSR tam olarak anlaşılamamıştır. B hücrelerinin in vitro aktivasyonu, IL-4, anti-CD40 veya LPS ile kombinasyon halinde her iki IgG1 ve IgE 5 CSR indükler kullanılmıştır. Aktive B hücreleri çözünebilir IgE CSR sonra kültür salgılanan bağlayan düşük afiniteli IgE reseptörü FcεRII / CD23 2,6, ifade eder. Akış sitometrisi ile analiz, bu nedenle, reseptör bağlı IgE lekesi ile B hücreleri benzer endojen IgE 7 sentezleyen B hücreleri için. O fare B biliniyor olsa da hücreler IgG1 sınıf anahtarlama ölçümü ile müdahale görünmüyor deneyimlerimiz düşük afinite IgG reseptörü FcγRIIB1 (CD32) 8, ifade eder. Kültür içinde, B hücresi aktivasyonu sonrası IgE geçiş ölçüm Ancak, spesifik olmayan yüzeyine bağlı IgE analizi gizleyebilir. Yaygın boyama yöntemleriyle olmayan IgE ifade eden hücreler IgE için pozitif leke. Burada özetlenen fareler 9 arası gerçek IgE ifade B hücreleri KSS tahlilleri yapmak ve tespit etmek için kullanılmıştır bir stratejidir - 11. Tripsin ile aktive B hücrelerinin tedavisi, ortak bir laboratuar reaktif protein sindirimi, cytophylic ve membran hem de bağlı yüzey Ig kaldırır. Sitoplazmik IgE için sonraki permeabilization ve boyama, böylece gerçek IgE üreten hücreleri ortaya koymaktadır.

<table><tbody><tr><td>Anti-Mouse IgE FITC</td><td>BD Pharmingen</td><td>553415</td><td>clone R35-72</td></tr><tr><td>Rat Anti-Mouse IgG1 PE</td><td>BD Pharmingen</td><td>550083</td><td>clone A85-1</td></tr><tr><td>Methanol</td><td>BDH</td><td>BDH1135-4LP</td><td>Keep at -20 &amp;deg;C</td></tr><tr><td>Falcon Cell Strainer 40 &amp;micro;m Nylon</td><td>Corning</td><td>352340</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Falcon Cell Strainer 70 &amp;micro;m Nylon</td><td>Corning</td><td>352350</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Anti-Hu/Mo CD45R(B220) PerCP-Cy5.5</td><td>eBioscience</td><td>45-4052-82</td><td>clone RA3-6B2</td></tr><tr><td>anti-Mouse/Rat CD40</td><td>eBioscience</td><td>16-0402-85</td><td>clone HM40-3</td></tr><tr><td>RPMI Medium 1640</td><td>Gibco</td><td>11875-093</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>HEPES (1M)</td><td>Gibco</td><td>15630-080</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>MEM-NEAA (100x)</td><td>Gibco</td><td>11140-050</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Phosphate Buffered Saline (10x)</td><td>Lifetechnologies (Corning)</td><td>46-013-CM</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>MACS CD45R (B220) microbeads&amp;nbsp;</td><td>Miltenyi Biotec</td><td>130-049-501</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>MACS purification column</td><td>Miltenyi Biotec</td><td>130-042-401</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>IL-4</td><td>PeproTech</td><td>214-14</td><td>Reconstitute in water or 0.1% BSA</td></tr><tr><td>Formalin Solution, Neutral Buffered, 10%</td><td>Sigma Aldrich</td><td>HT501128-4L</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Trypsin-EDTA Solution (10x)</td><td>Sigma Aldrich</td><td>T4174-100 ml</td><td>5.0 g Trypsin, 2.0 g EDTA&amp;#8226;4 Na per Liter of 0.9% NaCl</td></tr><tr><td>Penicillin-Streptomycin</td><td>Sigma Aldrich</td><td>P0781-100 ml</td><td>10,000 U Penicillin; 10 mg/ml Streptomycin (100x)</td></tr><tr><td>L-Glutamine 200 mM</td><td>Sigma Aldrich</td><td>G7513</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>2-mercaptoethanol (99%)</td><td>Sigma Aldrich</td><td>M6250-100 ml</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Red cell lysis buffer</td><td>Sigma Aldrich</td><td>R7757</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Rat Anti-Mouse IgM RPE/Cy7</td><td>SouthernBiotech</td><td>1140-17</td><td>clone 1B4B1</td></tr><tr><td>HyClone Fetal Calf Serum</td><td>Thermo</td><td>SH30910.03</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>B cell Stimulation media</td><td></td><td></td><td>B cell stimulation media consists of RPMI with fetal calf serum (15%), 20 mM HEPES, 1x MEM-NEAA, 2.0 mM L-glutamine,&amp;nbsp; 1x Penicillin-Streptomycin (Penicillin: 100 U/ml, Streptomycin: 100 &amp;micro;g/ml), Beta-mercaptoethanol (7 &amp;micro;L/L), IL-4 (20 ng/ml), and anti-CD40 (1 &amp;micro;g/ml)</td></tr></tbody></table>

detection of true ige-expressing mouse b lineage cells

B lenfosit immünoglobulin ağır zinciri (IgH) sınıf anahtarı rekombinasyon (CSR) ilk olarak, IgM IgA, IgE ve IgG olarak diğer IgH izotiplerinden geçer ifade edildiği bir süreçtir. In vitro IgH CSR ölçümü, moleküler ve hücresel immünoloji yönlerine DNA yeniden birleştirmesinden ve onarım kadar biyolojik süreçlerin bir dizi çalışma için bir temel yöntem. In vitro CSR deney aktive B hücreleri üzerindeki akış sitometrik ölçüm yüzey Ig ifade içerir. IgA ve IgG alt sınıflarının ölçümü kolay olmakla birlikte, bu yöntemle IgE ölçümü, çözünür IgE FcεRII bağlanma nedeniyle sorunludur / CD23 aktive B hücrelerinin yüzeyi üzerinde ifade edilmiştir. Burada kültür CSR geçirmiş fare B hücreleri, IgE üreten doğru bir şekilde ölçülmesi için benzersiz bir işlem tarif eder. yöntem cy ile sağlanan B tipi hücrelerin IgE üreten tespiti için izin hücre yüzeyleri üzerindeki IgE-CD23 komplekslerinin tripsin-sebepli bölünme dayanırtoplasmic lekelenmesi. Bu prosedür IgE KSS akış sitometri analizi için uygun bir çözüm sunuyor.

Bu prosedür başarıyla fare B hücrelerinde IgE CSR çalışma uygulamaya konmuştur. Daha önce tarif edildiği gibi 11 CSR ölçüm etkinliği tespit etmek için, anti-CD40 ve IL-4 ile birlikte fare dalak B hücreleri stimüle. Stimülasyon beş gün sonra, hücreler toplandı ve protokol floresan-etiketli IgM, IgG1, IgE ve B220 (CD45R) antikorlar ile, yukarıda tarif edilen ve lekeli kullanılarak işlenmiştir. (Şekil 1), IgE + hücrelerin net bir nüfusu temiz tripsin tedavi (...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Detection of True IgE-expressing Mouse B Lineage Cells at JoVE.com

Detection of True IgE-expressing Mouse B Lineage Cells

In vitro analysis of class switch recombination in mice is challenging due to cytophilic IgE molecules bound to Fc receptors on the surface of B cells. We describe a method for IgE detection using trypsin-mediated cleavage of surface-bound IgE prior to fixation and permeabilization for cytoplasmic fluorescence staining.

Doğru Algılama Fare B Lineage Hücreleri IgE-ifade

B lymphocyte immunoglobulin heavy chain (IgH) class switch recombination (CSR) is a process wherein initially expressed IgM switches to other IgH ...

detection-of-true-ige-expressing-mouse-b-lineage-cells

Research

JoVE Journal

Immunology and Infection

10.9K Görüntüleme.  Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School. In vitro analysis of class switch recombination in mice is challenging due to cytophilic IgE molecules bound to Fc receptors on the surface of B cells. We describe a method for IgE detection using trypsin-mediated cleavage of surface-bound IgE prior to fixation and permeabilization for cytoplasmic fluorescence staining.

Video: Detection of True IgE-expressing Mouse B Lineage Cells

Detection and Isolation of Viable Mouse IL-17-Secreting T Cells

The MACS Cytokine Secretion Assay technology allows detection of secreted cytokines on the single cell level and sensitive isolation of viable cytokine-secreting cells. In order to label IL-17-secreting cells, a single cell suspension of mouse splenocytes is prepared and stimulated at 37&deg;C with PMA/ionomycin to induce cytokine secretion. To stop secretion cells are then placed on ice and are exposed to the IL-17 Catch Reagent   a bi-specific antibody that binds to CD45 on the cell surface of leukocytes and to IL-17 as it is secreted and caught near the cell surface. Secretion is then re-started by increasing the temperature to 37&deg;C and IL-17 is trapped by the Catch Reagent. Secretion is then stopped again, by placing cells on ice. To detect the trapped IL-17, cells are incubated with a second IL-17-specific antibody conjugated to biotin and an Anti-Biotin-PE antibody. Cells can now be directly analyzed by flow cytometry or prepared for isolation and enrichment by subsequent labeling with Anti-PE conjugated MicroBeads.

This procedure describes the detection and isolation of mouse TH17 leukocytes that actively secrete IL-17 upon stimulation.

Canlı Fare IL-17 salgılayan T Hücreler Algılama ve İzolasyonu

The MACS Cytokine Secretion Assay technology allows detection of secreted cytokines on the single cell level and sensitive isolation of viable ...

Biyoloji

Visualization of IL-22-expressing Lymphocytes Using Reporter Mice

Reporter mice have been widely used to observe the localization of expression of targeted genes. This protocol focuses on a strategy to establish a new transgenic reporter mouse model. We chose to visualize interleukin (IL) 22 gene expression because this cytokine has important activities in the intestine, where it contributes to repair tissues damaged by inflammation. Reporter systems offer considerable advantages over other methods of identifying products in vivo. In the case of IL-22, other studies had first isolated cells from tissues and then re-stimulated the cells in vitro. IL-22, which is normally secreted, was trapped inside cells using a drug, and intracellular staining was used to visualize it. This method identifies cells capable of producing IL-22, but it does not determine whether they were doing so in vivo. The reporter design includes inserting a gene for a fluorescent protein (tdTomato) into the IL-22 gene in such a way that the fluorescent protein cannot be secreted and therefore remains trapped inside the producing cells in vivo. Fluorescent producers can then be visualized in tissue sections or by ex vivo analysis through flow cytometry. The actual construction process for the reporter included recombineering a bacterial artificial chromosome that contained the IL-22 gene. This engineered chromosome was then introduced into the mouse genome. Homeostatic IL-22 reporter expression was observed in different mouse tissues, including the spleen, thymus, lymph nodes, Peyer&#39;s patch, and intestine, by flow cytometry analysis. Colitis was induced by T-cell (CD4+CD45RBhigh) transfer, and reporter expression was visualized. Positive T cells were first present in the mesenteric lymph nodes, and then they accumulated inside the lamina propria of the distal small intestine and colon tissues. The strategy using BACs gave good-fidelity reporter expression compared to IL-22 expression, and it is simpler than knock-in procedures.

We describe here a transgenic reporter mouse model to visualize the IL-22-producing cells inside different mouse tissues. This method can be used to track the location of other cytokines or secretary proteins in the mouse.

Raportör fareler kullanılarak IL-22 eksprese eden lenfositlerin Görselleştirme

Reporter mice have been widely used to observe the localization of expression of targeted genes. This protocol focuses on a strategy to establish a new ...

İmmünoloji ve Enfeksiyon

Identification and Analysis of Mouse Erythroid Progenitors using the CD71/TER119 Flow-cytometric Assay

The study of erythropoiesis aims to understand how red cells are formed from earlier hematopoietic and erythroid progenitors. Specifically, the rate of red cell formation is regulated by the hormone erythropoietin (Epo), whose synthesis is triggered by tissue hypoxia. A threat to adequate tissue oxygenation results in a rapid increase in Epo, driving an increase in erythropoietic rate, a process known as the erythropoietic stress response. The resulting increase in the number of circulating red cells improves tissue oxygen delivery. An efficient erythropoietic stress response is therefore critical to the survival and recovery from physiological and pathological conditions such as high altitude, anemia, hemorrhage, chemotherapy or stem cell transplantation. 
The mouse is a key model for the study of erythropoiesis and its stress response. Mouse definitive (adult-type) erythropoiesis takes place in the fetal liver between embryonic days 12.5 and 15.5, in the neonatal spleen, and in adult spleen and bone marrow. Classical methods of identifying erythroid progenitors in tissue rely on the ability of these cells to give rise to red cell colonies when plated in Epo-containing semi-solid media. Their erythroid precursor progeny are identified based on morphological criteria. Neither of these classical methods allow access to large numbers of differentiation-stage-specific erythroid cells for molecular study. Here we present a flow-cytometric method of identifying and studying differentiation-stage-specific erythroid progenitors and precursors, directly in the context of freshly isolated mouse tissue. The assay relies on the cell-surface markers CD71, Ter119, and on the flow-cytometric 'forward-scatter' parameter, which is a function of cell size. The CD71/Ter119 assay can be used to study erythroid progenitors during their response to erythropoietic stress in vivo, for example, in anemic mice or mice housed in low oxygen conditions. It may also be used to study erythroid progenitors directly in the tissues of genetically modified adult mice or embryos, in order to assess the specific role of the modified molecular pathway in erythropoiesis.

A flow-cytometric method for identification and molecular analysis of differentiation-stage-specific murine erythroid progenitors and precursors, directly in freshly &#x2013;harvested mouse bone marrow, spleen or fetal liver. The assay relies on cell-surface markers CD71, Ter119, and cell size.

CD71/TER119 Flow-sitometrik Testi kullanarak Fare eritro-id progenitörlerin Tanımlama ve Analiz

The study of erythropoiesis aims to understand how red cells are formed from earlier hematopoietic and erythroid progenitors. Specifically, the rate of ...

Characterization of Thymus-dependent and Thymus-independent Immunoglobulin Isotype Responses in Mice Using Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay

Antibodies, also termed as immunoglobulins (Ig), secreted by differentiated B lymphocytes, plasmablasts/plasma cells, in humoral immunity provide a formidable defense against invading pathogens via diverse mechanisms. One major goal of vaccination is to induce protective antigen-specific antibodies to prevent life-threatening infections. Both thymus-dependent (TD) and thymus-independent (TI) antigens can elicit robust antigen-specific IgM responses and can also induce the production of isotype-switched antibodies (IgG, IgA and IgE) as well as the generation of memory B cells with the help provided by antigen presenting cells (APCs). Here, we describe a protocol to characterize TD and TI Ig isotype responses in mice using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). In this protocol, TD and TI Ig responses are elicited in mice by intraperitoneal (i.p.) immunization with hapten-conjugated model antigens TNP-KLH (in alum) and TNP-polysaccharide (in PBS), respectively. To induce TD memory response, a booster immunization of TNP-KLH in alum is given at 3 weeks after the first immunization with the same antigen/adjuvant. Mouse sera are harvested at different time points before and after immunization. Total serum Ig levels and TNP-specific antibodies are subsequently quantified using Ig isotype-specific Sandwich and indirect ELISA, respectively. In order to correctly quantify the serum concentration of each Ig isotype, the samples need to be appropriately diluted to fit within the linear range of the standard curves. Using this protocol, we have consistently obtained reliable results with high specificity and sensitivity. When used in combination with other complementary methods such as flow cytometry, in vitro culture of splenic B cells and immunohistochemical staining (IHC), this protocol will allow researchers to gain a comprehensive understanding of antibody responses in a given experimental setting.

In this paper, we describe a protocol to characterize T-dependent and T-independent immunoglobulin (Ig) isotype responses in mice using ELISA. This method used alone or in combination with flow cytometry will allow researchers to identify differences in B cell-mediated Ig isotype responses in mice following T-dependent and T-independent antigen immunization.

Timus bağlı ve timus bağımsız immünglobulin izotip yanıt Immunosorbent Assay enzim bağlı kullanarak farelerde karakterizasyonu

Antibodies, also termed as immunoglobulins (Ig), secreted by differentiated B lymphocytes, plasmablasts/plasma cells, in humoral immunity provide a ...

Imaging of In Situ Interferon Gamma Production in the Mouse Spleen following Listeria monocytogenes Infection

Cytokines are small proteins secreted by cells, mediating cell-cell communications that are crucial for effective immune responses. One characteristic of cytokines is their pleiotropism, as they are produced by and can affect a multitude of cell types. As such, it is important to understand not only which cells are producing cytokines, but also in which environment they do so, in order to define more specific therapeutics. Here, we describe a method to visualize cytokine production in situ following bacterial infection. This technique relies on imaging cytokine-producing cells in their native environment by confocal microscopy. To do so, tissue sections are stained for markers of multiple cell types together with a cytokine stain. Key to this method, cytokine secretion is blocked directly in vivo before harvesting the tissue of interest, allowing for detection of the cytokine that accumulated inside the producing cells. The advantages of this method are multiple. First, the microenvironment in which cytokines are produced is preserved, which could ultimately inform on the signals required for cytokine production and the cells affected by those cytokines. In addition, this method gives an indication of the location of the cytokine production in vivo, as it does not rely on artificial in vitro re-stimulation of the producing cells. However, it is not possible to simultaneously analyze cytokine downstream signaling in cells that receive the cytokine. Similarly, the cytokine signals observed correspond&#160;only to the time-window during which cytokine secretion was blocked. While we describe the visualization of the cytokine Interferon (IFN) gamma in the spleen following mouse infection by the intracellular bacteria Listeria monocytogenes, this method could potentially be adapted to the visualization of any cytokine in most organs.

Imaging of In Situ Interferon Gamma Production in the Mouse Spleen following Listeria monocytogenes Infection

Here, we describe a simple confocal imaging method to visualize the in situ localization of cells secreting the cytokine Interferon gamma in murine secondary lymphoid organs. This protocol can be extended for the visualization of other cytokines in diverse tissues.

Listeria monocytogenes enfeksiyonu sonrasında Mouse dalağında In situ Interferon gama üretiminin görüntülenmesi

Cytokines are small proteins secreted by cells, mediating cell-cell communications that are crucial for effective immune responses. One characteristic of ...

Evaluation of T Follicular Helper Cells and Germinal Center Response During Influenza A Virus Infection in Mice

T Follicular Helper (Tfh) cells are an independent CD4+&#160;T cell subset specialized in providing help for germinal center (GC) development and generation of high-affinity antibodies. In influenza virus infection, robust Tfh and GC B cell responses are induced to facilitate effective virus eradication, which confers a qualified mouse model for Tfh-associated study. In this paper, we described protocols in detection of basic Tfh-associated immune response during influenza virus infection in mice. These protocols include: intranasal inoculation of influenza virus; flow cytometry staining and analysis of polyclonal and antigen-specific Tfh cells, GC B cells and plasma cells; immunofluorescence detection of GCs; enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) of influenza virus-specific antibody in serum. These assays basically quantify the differentiation and function of Tfh cells in influenza virus infection, thus providing help for studies in elucidating differentiation mechanism and manipulation strategy.

This paper describes protocols of evaluating Tfh and GC B response in mouse model of influenza virus infection.

Farelerde grip A Virüs Enfeksiyonu Sırasında T Foliküler Yardımcı Hücrelerin ve Germinal Merkez Yanıtının Değerlendirilmesi

T Follicular Helper (Tfh) cells are an independent CD4+&#160;T cell subset specialized in providing help for germinal center (GC) development and ...

Retroviral Overexpression of CXCR4 on Murine B-1a Cells and Adoptive Transfer for Targeted B-1a Cell Migration to the Bone Marrow and IgM Production

As cell function is influenced by niche-specific factors in the cellular microenvironment, methods to dissect cell localization and migration can provide further insight on cell function. B-1a cells are a unique B cell subset in mice that produce protective natural IgM antibodies against oxidation-specific epitopes that arise during health and disease. B-1a cell IgM production differs depending on B-1a cell location, and therefore it becomes useful from a therapeutic standpoint to target B-1a localization to niches supportive of high antibody production. Here we describe a method to target B-1a cell migration to the bone marrow by retroviral-mediated overexpression of the C-X-C motif chemokine receptor 4 (CXCR4). Gene induction in primary murine B cells can be challenging and typically yields low transfection efficiencies of 10-20% depending on technique. Here we demonstrate that retroviral transduction of primary murine B-1a cells results in 30-40% transduction efficiency. This method utilizes adoptive cell transfer of transduced B-1a cells into B cell-deficient recipient mice so that donor B-1a cell migration and localization can be visualized. This protocol can be modified for other retroviral constructs and can be used in diverse functional assays post-adoptive transfer, including analysis of donor cell or host cell phenotype and function, or analysis of soluble factors secreted post B-1a cell transfer. The use of distinct donor and recipient mice differentiated by CD45.1 and CD45.2 allotype and the presence of a GFP reporter within the retroviral plasmid could also enable detection of donor cells in other, immune-sufficient mouse models containing endogenous B cell populations.

Here we describe a method for retroviral overexpression and adoptive transfer of murine B-1a cells to examine in vivo B-1a cell migration and localization. This protocol can be extended for diverse downstream functional assays including quantification of donor B-1a cell localization or analysis of donor cell-derived secreted factors post-adoptive transfer.

Murine B-1a Hücrelerinde CXCR4'ün Retroviral Aşırı Ekspresyonu ve Hedeflenen B-1a Hücre Nakliiçin Kemik İliği ve IgM Üretimine Geçişinde Benimsenmiş Transfer

As cell function is influenced by niche-specific factors in the cellular microenvironment, methods to dissect cell localization and migration can provide ...

Isolating Malignant and Non-Malignant B Cells from lck:eGFP Zebrafish

Zebrafish (Danio rerio) are a powerful model to study lymphocyte development. Like mammals, D. rerio possess an adaptive immune system that includes B and T lymphocytes. Studies of zebrafish lymphopoiesis are difficult because antibodies recognizing D. rerio cell surface markers are generally not available, complicating isolation and characterization of different lymphocyte populations, including B-lineage cells. Transgenic lines with lineage-specific fluorophore expression are often used to circumvent this challenge. The transgenic lck:eGFP line has been used to study D. rerio T cell development, and has also been utilized to model T cell development and acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL). Although lck:eGFP fish have been widely used to analyze the T-lineage, they have not been used to study B cells. Recently, we discovered that many zebrafish B cells also express lck, albeit at lower levels. Consequently, lck:eGFP B cells likewise express low levels of GFP. Based on this finding, we developed a protocol to purify B-lineage cells from lck:eGFP zebrafish, which we report here. Our method describes how to utilize a fluorescent-activated cell sorter (FACS) to purify B cells from lck:eGFP fish or related lines, such as double-transgenic rag2:hMYC; lck:eGFP fish. In these lines, B cells, particularly immature B cells, express GFP at low but detectable levels, allowing them to be distinguished from T cells, which express GFP highly. B cells can be isolated from marrow, thymus, spleen, blood, or other tissues. This protocol provides a new method to purify D. rerio B cells, enabling studies focused on topics like B cell development and B lymphocyte malignancies.

Isolating Malignant and Non-Malignant B Cells from lck:eGFP Zebrafish

Transgenic lck:eGFP zebrafish express GFP highly in T lymphocytes, and have been used to study T cell development and acute lymphoblastic leukemia. This line can be used to study B cells, which express lck at lower levels. This protocol describes purification of malignant and non-malignant B cells from lck:eGFP zebrafish.

İzoleli Malignant ve sigara-Malignant B hücreleri lck:eGFP Zebra balığı

Zebrafish (Danio rerio) are a powerful model to study lymphocyte development. Like mammals, D. rerio possess an adaptive immune system that includes B and ...

Tıp

Isolation of Group 2 Innate Lymphoid Cells from Mouse Nasal Mucosa to Detect the Expression of CD226

With abundant research on group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) published over the years, ILC2s are widely known to be implicated in regulating various pathological processes, including anti-helminth immunity, tissue repair, thermogenesis, and autoimmune diseases such as asthma and allergic rhinitis (AR). ILC2s permanently reside in peripheral tissues such as the skin, gut, lungs, and nasal cavity; however, there is limited information about their exact functions in nasal mucosal immunity. CD226 is an activating costimulatory molecule, mainly expressed on natural killer (NK) cells, T cells, and inflammatory monocytes. However, whether ILC2s express CD226 or play a role in the pathogenesis of ILC2s-related diseases remains unknown. Here, we established a method to isolate and identify ILC2s from the nasal mucosa and detected CD226 expression on ILC2s obtained from healthy and AR mice. Herein, we describe this protocol for the isolation and identification of ILC2s from mouse nasal mucosa, which will help explore the internal pathological mechanism of immunological disorders in nasal mucosal diseases.

Group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s), implicated in type 2 inflammation, mainly participate in response to helminth infection, allergic diseases, metabolic homeostasis, and tissue repair. In this study, a procedure to isolate ILC2s from murine nasal mucosa and detect the expression of CD226 is demonstrated.

CD226 Ekspresyonunu Saptamak için Grup 2 Doğuştan Gelen Lenfoid Hücrelerin Fare Burun Mukozasından İzolasyonu

With abundant research on group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) published over the years, ILC2s are widely known to be implicated in regulating various ...

Analysis of Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor-Producing T Helper Cells in a Mouse Model of Contact Hypersensitivity

Parallel to traditional Th1/Th2/Th17/Treg lineages, granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor-producing T helper (Th-GM) cells have been identified as a distinct subset of T helper cells (GM-CSF+ IFN-&#947;- IL-17A- IL-22- effector CD4+ T cells) in human and mice. Contact hypersensitivity (CHS) is considered an excellent animal model for allergic contact dermatitis (ACD) in human, manifesting an intact T cell-mediated immune response. To provide a standardized and comprehensive assay to analyze the Th-GM cell subset in the T cell-dependent immune response in vivo, a murine CHS model was induced by sensitization/challenge with a reactive, low-molecular-weight, organic hapten, 2,4-dinitrofluorobenzene (DNFB). The Th-GM subset in effector CD4+ T cells generated upon immunization with the hapten was analyzed by flow cytometry. We found that Th-GM was mainly expanded in lesions and draining lymph nodes in the DNFB-induced CHS mouse model. This method can be applied to further study the biology of Th-GM cells and pharmacological research of therapeutic strategies centered on GM-CSF in various conditions, such as ACD.

Here, we present a simple and standardized method of analyzing the granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor-producing T helper subset in vivo.

Parallel to traditional Th1/Th2/Th17/Treg lineages, granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor-producing T helper (Th-GM) cells have been identified ...