Name: detection of true ige-expressing mouse b lineage cells
Uploaded: 2014-12-01T14:00:00.000+00:00
Duration: 9 min 40 s
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Detection of True IgE-expressing Mouse B Lineage Cells at JoVE.com

DRWは、NIHの助成金AI089972とAI113217によってサポート、および粘膜免疫研究チームによると、バローズウェルカム基金からの医学者のためのキャリア賞を保持している。

注：ここで説明するすべての実験は、施設内動物管理使用委員会（IACUC）のガイドラインに従ったと動物研究小児病院（ARCH）、ボストン、マサチューセッツによって承認。 試薬の調製<ol><li> 1,000倍IL-4ストック：H 2 O、0.1％ウシ血清アルブミン（BSA）中に20μg/ mlにまで希釈IL-4サイトカイン。 -20℃で1.5 mlマイクロチューブやストアに200μlのアリコートで分注する。 </li><li> 1,000倍の抗CD40：4℃で1.0 mg / mlの、店でメーカーから入手します。 </li><li> B細胞刺激培地：ストレプトマイシンストック、5：RPMI-1640培地425mlの、新たに解凍したウシ胎児血清（FCS）を75mlを追加し、10ミリリットルの1.0 M HEPES緩衝液5mlのL-グルタミンストック5mlのペニシリンへ2-メルカプトエタノールの溶液最小必須培地非必須アミノ酸（MEM-NEAA）、及び3.5μlの。週間まで4℃でメディアを保管してください。 IL-4（20ng / ml）および抗CD40（1.0μg/ ml）を使用直前に加える唯一必要なメディアの容量に。 </li><li> 2％FCS-FACSバッファ：1X PBSの490ミリリットルにFCSの10ミリリットルを追加します。 4℃で保管してください。 </li><li> 2×トリプシン-EDTA溶液：1×PBS 20mlに5ミリリットル10xのトリプシンEDTAストック溶液（5.0グラムトリプシン、リットル当たり2.0グラムのEDTA）で希釈する。 4℃で一定分量の作業2倍に保管してトリプシン-EDTA。使用前に室温に温める。 </li><li>ウシ胎児血清：2週間まで4で解凍FCSしてください。細胞質の染色手順の前に氷の15分に置きます。 </li><li>中性緩衝ホルマリン：10％ホルマリン溶液（3.7％パラホルムアルデヒド）を準備します。ホルマリンは毒性があり、適切なPPEを装着したまま、したがって実験室ヒュームフードの下でそれを処理する。化学収納キャビネット内に室温で保存ホルマリン。 </li><li>メタノール：細胞は透過化される準備が整うまで-20℃で無水メタノール（100％）を保管してください。メタノールは可燃性で、適切な冷凍庫で保存する必要があることに注意してください。 </li></ol> 2。精製およびB細胞の活性化<ol><li>収穫したてのマウスの脾臓から、静かに3ミリリットルの注射器のプランジャーで70μmのセルストレーナーを通して臓器を押すことにより、単一細胞懸濁液を準備します。 15ミリリットルコニカル遠心管では、4℃で5分間300×gで1×PBSと遠心機の10ミリリットルで細胞を集める。 </li><li> 5分間の赤血球細胞溶解緩衝液1mlに上清と再懸濁ペレットをデカント。 5分間300×gで13.5 1X PBS mlの遠心で中和。 </li><li> （オプション）磁気（B220）抗CD45Rを用いB細胞を分離、製造業者の説明書に従ってMACS精製プロトコルに続いて、ビーズを標識。 </li><li> 37℃で5日間、IL-4（20ng / ml）および抗CD40（1.0μgの個/ ml）を含有する加温し、B細胞刺激培地中1.0×10 6細胞/ mlの精製されたB細胞を刺激する。 6ウェル培養プレートの2ウェル（各4ml）に分割し、培養を8mlで始まる。 </li><li> cultuチェック1.0×10 6細胞/ mlで維持するために毎日再。他のウェルに分割し、新鮮なIL-4および抗CD40を含有するB細胞刺激培地で培養を希釈して濃度を調整します。 </li></ol> 3.トリプシン処理、固定、および透過<ol><li>トリプシン処理<ol><li> 、15ミリリットルコニカルチューブで培養した細胞の1.0×10 7まで収集5分間300×gで遠心分離し、上清をデカント。 </li><li>細胞回収メディアから残留タンパク質を除去するために10mlのPBSで洗ってください。遠心分離工程を繰り返し、上清をデカント。 </li><li> （約100μl）をデカントした後の残存量の細胞ペレットを再懸濁します。 </li><li>慎重に細胞に室温800μlの0.1％（2倍）、トリプシンEDTAを追加します。円錐管の側を下に45°の角度でゆっくりと分注する。 </li><li>チューブを閉じ、液体がチューブ5-6時間の長さに沿って走るようにチューブを傾けることによって穏やかに混合S。糸、白色沈殿物が溶液中に形成することができる。分の下にトリプシン処理時間を制限する。 </li><li>冷たいFCSの1ミリリットルとのトリプシン処理反応を停止。冷PBSを10mlを加えることによって直ちにFCSを希釈する。 </li><li> 4℃で5分間300×gで遠心分離し、その後上清を除去し、氷にチューブを返す。 </li></ol></li><li>固定<ol><li>デカンテーション後の残留量の細胞を再懸濁。必要であれば、冷PBSで100μlにボリュームを起動します。 </li><li>ドラフト内で、細胞を10％中性緩衝ホルマリン溶液800μlを添加し、上下にピペッティング。チューブは、ホルマリンを添加すると暖めます。 10分間37℃でインキュベートする。 </li></ol></li><li>透過化<ol><li>緩やかに振盪速度でベンチトップボルテックスミキサーを設定します。 </li><li> 10ミリリットルの血清学的ピペットに冷たい（-20℃）メタノールの9ミリリットルを描画します。 </li><li>ボルテックスミキサーを介して細胞を含有するチューブを握り、ゆっくりとシャキーンを開始gの細胞。 </li><li>メタノールを連続的に混合されるように、管がまだ揺れている間に、それが細胞上に滴下して落下ようにチューブに冷メタノールを追加します。メタノールの最初の2ミリリットルの後に分注速度が遅いストリームに増加させることができる。 </li><li>チューブは透過処理を完了するために、30分間氷上で座ってみましょう。あるいは、細胞は、月まで-20℃で保存することができる。 </li></ol></li></ol> IgG1およびIgEのクラススイッチ4.蛍光染色<ol><li> 5分間300×gで遠心サンプルおよびメタノール溶液をデカント。白色沈殿物を細胞ペレットを得る。 </li><li>細胞を洗浄するために5分間300×gで10 PBS 1X室温mlの遠心分離器を追加します。一回繰り返します。注：室温PBSでペレットの洗浄は、ステップ4.1の後に形成することができる余分な沈殿物を溶解する。 </li><li> 2％FCS-FACS緩衝液10mlの追加の洗浄を行います。 </li><li> 96ウェル丸底プレートにサンプルを分配する5分間300×gで遠心する。上清を除去し、氷上にプレートを置く。 </li><li>以下の抗体希釈でウェルあたり2％FCS-FACS緩衝液60μlの中でステイン：抗IgM RPE / Cy7は、1：200、アンチIgG1のPE、1：600、抗IgE FITC、1：100、抗CD45R（B220）PerCPを-のCy5.5、1：200 </li><li>染色の5分後、300×gで5分間、2％FCS-FACSバッファーと遠心150μlでプレートを洗浄する。 </li><li> 5ミリリットルのFACSチューブに40μmのナイロン細胞ストレーナーを通して2％FCS-FACS緩衝液とピペット400μlの中で再懸濁します。 </li></ol> 5.次のゲーティング戦略を使用してください： <ol><li> FSC / SSCプロット（ 図1）上にあるブラストリンパ球集団からCD45R（B220）陽性細胞を分離します。 </li><li> B220陽性細胞からは、対応する集団を明らかにしたIgEおよびIgG1プロットを使用しています。 </li></ol>

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抗CD40およびIL-4とともに培養中のマウス脾臓B細胞の刺激は、IgG1およびIgE 5へのクラススイッチを促進し、Tヘルパー2型（T H 2）の相互作用をシミュレートする。 B細胞は、総脾臓細胞12または精製された脾臓B細胞11の文脈においてCSRのために活性化することができる。プロトコル（段階2.3）で述べたように、B細胞の濃縮は、任意であり、それは有益だろうかど?...

マウスおよびヒトの免疫グロブリン重鎖（IgH遺伝子）クラススイッチ組換え（CSR）の間に、IgH遺伝子は 、定常領域エクソン（Cμ）が削除され、下流の定常領域エクソンのいくつかのセットの一つ（CのH秒 ）（ 例えば、Cγで置換されているμ他のIgクラス（ 例えば IgGを、IgEの、またはIgA）の産生に対するIgMの生産からスイッチになりCε、およびCα）、。 CSRは、C H 1のそれぞれの組の5 &#39;側に位置する1〜10キロバイト配列であるスイッチ（S）領域内で起こる。活性化誘導シチジンデアミナーゼ（AID）酵素は、シチジン脱アミノ化の活動を通じてCSRを開始します。 IgEはアレルギー疾患​​2の重要なメディエーターおよびIgEが産生され、アトピー性疾患への新しい治療的アプローチへの扉を開くことが規制されている方法の理解である。マウスとヒトでは、IgEが最も厳密に調節Igアイソタイプである。 IgEのは、通常、ティムのレベル数千で検出されるエス他のIgH未満は3アイソタイプが、高度に疾患状態4に上昇させることができる。しかし、IgEに対するCSRが完全には理解される。B細胞のインビトロ活性化を抗CD40またはLPSのいずれかと組み合わせてIL-4を使用して、IgG1およびIgEの5の両方にCSRを誘導する。活性化されたB細胞は、可溶性IgEがCSR後の培養中に分泌結合し、低親和性IgE受容体FcεRIIは/ CD23 2,6を 、表現する。フローサイトメトリーで分析する場合、したがって、受容体結合IgEとB細胞は、内因的なIgE 7を発現するB細胞にも同様に染色する。それは、マウスB細胞は、低親和性のIgG受容体FcγRIIB1（CD32）8を発現することが知られているが、我々の経験では、IgG1へのクラススイッチの測定を妨害しないようである。培養物中のB細胞活性化後のIgE切り替えを測定する場合しかし、非特異的表面結合IgE分析を不明瞭にすることができる。一般的な染色方法では、非IgEの発現細胞は、IgEのために積極的に染色する。 11 -ここで概説はCSRアッセイを実施し、マウス9から真のIgEを発現するB細胞を検出するために利用されている戦略である。トリプシンで活性化されたB細胞の治療は、一般的なラボの試薬は、タンパク質を消化するために、cytophylicおよび膜の両方に結合した表面IgEは削除されます。細胞質のIgEに対するその後の透過処理と染色は、このように真のIgE産生細胞を明らかにする。

<table><tbody><tr><td>Anti-Mouse IgE FITC</td><td>BD Pharmingen</td><td>553415</td><td>clone R35-72</td></tr><tr><td>Rat Anti-Mouse IgG1 PE</td><td>BD Pharmingen</td><td>550083</td><td>clone A85-1</td></tr><tr><td>Methanol</td><td>BDH</td><td>BDH1135-4LP</td><td>Keep at -20 &amp;deg;C</td></tr><tr><td>Falcon Cell Strainer 40 &amp;micro;m Nylon</td><td>Corning</td><td>352340</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Falcon Cell Strainer 70 &amp;micro;m Nylon</td><td>Corning</td><td>352350</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Anti-Hu/Mo CD45R(B220) PerCP-Cy5.5</td><td>eBioscience</td><td>45-4052-82</td><td>clone RA3-6B2</td></tr><tr><td>anti-Mouse/Rat CD40</td><td>eBioscience</td><td>16-0402-85</td><td>clone HM40-3</td></tr><tr><td>RPMI Medium 1640</td><td>Gibco</td><td>11875-093</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>HEPES (1M)</td><td>Gibco</td><td>15630-080</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>MEM-NEAA (100x)</td><td>Gibco</td><td>11140-050</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Phosphate Buffered Saline (10x)</td><td>Lifetechnologies (Corning)</td><td>46-013-CM</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>MACS CD45R (B220) microbeads&amp;nbsp;</td><td>Miltenyi Biotec</td><td>130-049-501</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>MACS purification column</td><td>Miltenyi Biotec</td><td>130-042-401</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>IL-4</td><td>PeproTech</td><td>214-14</td><td>Reconstitute in water or 0.1% BSA</td></tr><tr><td>Formalin Solution, Neutral Buffered, 10%</td><td>Sigma Aldrich</td><td>HT501128-4L</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Trypsin-EDTA Solution (10x)</td><td>Sigma Aldrich</td><td>T4174-100 ml</td><td>5.0 g Trypsin, 2.0 g EDTA&amp;#8226;4 Na per Liter of 0.9% NaCl</td></tr><tr><td>Penicillin-Streptomycin</td><td>Sigma Aldrich</td><td>P0781-100 ml</td><td>10,000 U Penicillin; 10 mg/ml Streptomycin (100x)</td></tr><tr><td>L-Glutamine 200 mM</td><td>Sigma Aldrich</td><td>G7513</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>2-mercaptoethanol (99%)</td><td>Sigma Aldrich</td><td>M6250-100 ml</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Red cell lysis buffer</td><td>Sigma Aldrich</td><td>R7757</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Rat Anti-Mouse IgM RPE/Cy7</td><td>SouthernBiotech</td><td>1140-17</td><td>clone 1B4B1</td></tr><tr><td>HyClone Fetal Calf Serum</td><td>Thermo</td><td>SH30910.03</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>B cell Stimulation media</td><td></td><td></td><td>B cell stimulation media consists of RPMI with fetal calf serum (15%), 20 mM HEPES, 1x MEM-NEAA, 2.0 mM L-glutamine,&amp;nbsp; 1x Penicillin-Streptomycin (Penicillin: 100 U/ml, Streptomycin: 100 &amp;micro;g/ml), Beta-mercaptoethanol (7 &amp;micro;L/L), IL-4 (20 ng/ml), and anti-CD40 (1 &amp;micro;g/ml)</td></tr></tbody></table>

detection of true ige-expressing mouse b lineage cells

Bリンパ球の免疫グロブリン重鎖（IgH遺伝子）クラススイッチ組換え（CSR）は、最初のIgMなどのIgA、IgE及びIgGのような他ののIgHアイソタイプ、に切り替わり表現方法である。 in vitroでのIgH CSRの測定は、分子および細胞免疫学の観点にDNA組換えおよび修復の範囲の生物学的プロセスの数を研究するための重要な方法である。 インビトロ CSRアッセイは、活性化B細胞のフローサイトメトリー測定表面Igの発現を含む。 IgAおよびIgGサブクラスの測定は簡単であるが、この方法によるIgEの測定はFcεRIIはへの結合により、可溶性IgEへの問題がある/ CD23は、活性化B細胞の表面に発現。ここでは、培養液中でCSRを受けたIgE産生マウスB細胞の正確な測定のためのユニークな手順を説明します。方法は、cyのによるIgE産生B系統細胞の検出を可能にする、細胞表面上のIgE-CD23複合体のトリプシン媒介開裂に基づくtoplasmic染色。この手順は、IgEに対するCSRのフローサイトメトリー分析のための便利なソリューションを提供しています。

この手順が正常マウスB細胞におけるIgEへのCSRを研究するために実施されている。先に説明したように11 CSRの測定効率を実証するために、我々は、抗CD40及びIL-4、マウス脾臓B細胞を刺激した。刺激の5日後、細胞を回収し、プロトコル蛍光標識されたIgM、IgG1を、IgEの、およびB220（CD45R）抗体を用いて上記の染色を用いて処理した。ブラストリンパ球（ 図1）にゲート、明確?...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Detection of True IgE-expressing Mouse B Lineage Cells at JoVE.com

Detection of True IgE-expressing Mouse B Lineage Cells

In vitro analysis of class switch recombination in mice is challenging due to cytophilic IgE molecules bound to Fc receptors on the surface of B cells. We describe a method for IgE detection using trypsin-mediated cleavage of surface-bound IgE prior to fixation and permeabilization for cytoplasmic fluorescence staining.

真のIgE発現するマウスB系統細胞の検出

B lymphocyte immunoglobulin heavy chain (IgH) class switch recombination (CSR) is a process wherein initially expressed IgM switches to other IgH ...

detection-of-true-ige-expressing-mouse-b-lineage-cells

Research

JoVE Journal

Immunology and Infection

10.9K ビュー.  Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School. In vitro analysis of class switch recombination in mice is challenging due to cytophilic IgE molecules bound to Fc receptors on the surface of B cells. We describe a method for IgE detection using trypsin-mediated cleavage of surface-bound IgE prior to fixation and permeabilization for cytoplasmic fluorescence staining.

ビデオ: Detection of True IgE-expressing Mouse B Lineage Cells

Detection and Isolation of Viable Mouse IL-17-Secreting T Cells

The MACS Cytokine Secretion Assay technology allows detection of secreted cytokines on the single cell level and sensitive isolation of viable cytokine-secreting cells. In order to label IL-17-secreting cells, a single cell suspension of mouse splenocytes is prepared and stimulated at 37&deg;C with PMA/ionomycin to induce cytokine secretion. To stop secretion cells are then placed on ice and are exposed to the IL-17 Catch Reagent   a bi-specific antibody that binds to CD45 on the cell surface of leukocytes and to IL-17 as it is secreted and caught near the cell surface. Secretion is then re-started by increasing the temperature to 37&deg;C and IL-17 is trapped by the Catch Reagent. Secretion is then stopped again, by placing cells on ice. To detect the trapped IL-17, cells are incubated with a second IL-17-specific antibody conjugated to biotin and an Anti-Biotin-PE antibody. Cells can now be directly analyzed by flow cytometry or prepared for isolation and enrichment by subsequent labeling with Anti-PE conjugated MicroBeads.

This procedure describes the detection and isolation of mouse TH17 leukocytes that actively secrete IL-17 upon stimulation.

生存マウスIL - 17分泌T細胞の検出と分離

The MACS Cytokine Secretion Assay technology allows detection of secreted cytokines on the single cell level and sensitive isolation of viable ...

生物学

Visualization of IL-22-expressing Lymphocytes Using Reporter Mice

Reporter mice have been widely used to observe the localization of expression of targeted genes. This protocol focuses on a strategy to establish a new transgenic reporter mouse model. We chose to visualize interleukin (IL) 22 gene expression because this cytokine has important activities in the intestine, where it contributes to repair tissues damaged by inflammation. Reporter systems offer considerable advantages over other methods of identifying products in vivo. In the case of IL-22, other studies had first isolated cells from tissues and then re-stimulated the cells in vitro. IL-22, which is normally secreted, was trapped inside cells using a drug, and intracellular staining was used to visualize it. This method identifies cells capable of producing IL-22, but it does not determine whether they were doing so in vivo. The reporter design includes inserting a gene for a fluorescent protein (tdTomato) into the IL-22 gene in such a way that the fluorescent protein cannot be secreted and therefore remains trapped inside the producing cells in vivo. Fluorescent producers can then be visualized in tissue sections or by ex vivo analysis through flow cytometry. The actual construction process for the reporter included recombineering a bacterial artificial chromosome that contained the IL-22 gene. This engineered chromosome was then introduced into the mouse genome. Homeostatic IL-22 reporter expression was observed in different mouse tissues, including the spleen, thymus, lymph nodes, Peyer&#39;s patch, and intestine, by flow cytometry analysis. Colitis was induced by T-cell (CD4+CD45RBhigh) transfer, and reporter expression was visualized. Positive T cells were first present in the mesenteric lymph nodes, and then they accumulated inside the lamina propria of the distal small intestine and colon tissues. The strategy using BACs gave good-fidelity reporter expression compared to IL-22 expression, and it is simpler than knock-in procedures.

We describe here a transgenic reporter mouse model to visualize the IL-22-producing cells inside different mouse tissues. This method can be used to track the location of other cytokines or secretary proteins in the mouse.

レポーターマウスを用いたIL-22を発現するリンパ球の可視化

Reporter mice have been widely used to observe the localization of expression of targeted genes. This protocol focuses on a strategy to establish a new ...

免疫・感染学

Identification and Analysis of Mouse Erythroid Progenitors using the CD71/TER119 Flow-cytometric Assay

The study of erythropoiesis aims to understand how red cells are formed from earlier hematopoietic and erythroid progenitors. Specifically, the rate of red cell formation is regulated by the hormone erythropoietin (Epo), whose synthesis is triggered by tissue hypoxia. A threat to adequate tissue oxygenation results in a rapid increase in Epo, driving an increase in erythropoietic rate, a process known as the erythropoietic stress response. The resulting increase in the number of circulating red cells improves tissue oxygen delivery. An efficient erythropoietic stress response is therefore critical to the survival and recovery from physiological and pathological conditions such as high altitude, anemia, hemorrhage, chemotherapy or stem cell transplantation. 
The mouse is a key model for the study of erythropoiesis and its stress response. Mouse definitive (adult-type) erythropoiesis takes place in the fetal liver between embryonic days 12.5 and 15.5, in the neonatal spleen, and in adult spleen and bone marrow. Classical methods of identifying erythroid progenitors in tissue rely on the ability of these cells to give rise to red cell colonies when plated in Epo-containing semi-solid media. Their erythroid precursor progeny are identified based on morphological criteria. Neither of these classical methods allow access to large numbers of differentiation-stage-specific erythroid cells for molecular study. Here we present a flow-cytometric method of identifying and studying differentiation-stage-specific erythroid progenitors and precursors, directly in the context of freshly isolated mouse tissue. The assay relies on the cell-surface markers CD71, Ter119, and on the flow-cytometric 'forward-scatter' parameter, which is a function of cell size. The CD71/Ter119 assay can be used to study erythroid progenitors during their response to erythropoietic stress in vivo, for example, in anemic mice or mice housed in low oxygen conditions. It may also be used to study erythroid progenitors directly in the tissues of genetically modified adult mice or embryos, in order to assess the specific role of the modified molecular pathway in erythropoiesis.

A flow-cytometric method for identification and molecular analysis of differentiation-stage-specific murine erythroid progenitors and precursors, directly in freshly &#x2013;harvested mouse bone marrow, spleen or fetal liver. The assay relies on cell-surface markers CD71, Ter119, and cell size.

CD71/TER119フローサイトメトリーアッセイを用いてマウス赤血球前駆細胞の同定と解析

The study of erythropoiesis aims to understand how red cells are formed from earlier hematopoietic and erythroid progenitors. Specifically, the rate of ...

Characterization of Thymus-dependent and Thymus-independent Immunoglobulin Isotype Responses in Mice Using Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay

Antibodies, also termed as immunoglobulins (Ig), secreted by differentiated B lymphocytes, plasmablasts/plasma cells, in humoral immunity provide a formidable defense against invading pathogens via diverse mechanisms. One major goal of vaccination is to induce protective antigen-specific antibodies to prevent life-threatening infections. Both thymus-dependent (TD) and thymus-independent (TI) antigens can elicit robust antigen-specific IgM responses and can also induce the production of isotype-switched antibodies (IgG, IgA and IgE) as well as the generation of memory B cells with the help provided by antigen presenting cells (APCs). Here, we describe a protocol to characterize TD and TI Ig isotype responses in mice using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). In this protocol, TD and TI Ig responses are elicited in mice by intraperitoneal (i.p.) immunization with hapten-conjugated model antigens TNP-KLH (in alum) and TNP-polysaccharide (in PBS), respectively. To induce TD memory response, a booster immunization of TNP-KLH in alum is given at 3 weeks after the first immunization with the same antigen/adjuvant. Mouse sera are harvested at different time points before and after immunization. Total serum Ig levels and TNP-specific antibodies are subsequently quantified using Ig isotype-specific Sandwich and indirect ELISA, respectively. In order to correctly quantify the serum concentration of each Ig isotype, the samples need to be appropriately diluted to fit within the linear range of the standard curves. Using this protocol, we have consistently obtained reliable results with high specificity and sensitivity. When used in combination with other complementary methods such as flow cytometry, in vitro culture of splenic B cells and immunohistochemical staining (IHC), this protocol will allow researchers to gain a comprehensive understanding of antibody responses in a given experimental setting.

In this paper, we describe a protocol to characterize T-dependent and T-independent immunoglobulin (Ig) isotype responses in mice using ELISA. This method used alone or in combination with flow cytometry will allow researchers to identify differences in B cell-mediated Ig isotype responses in mice following T-dependent and T-independent antigen immunization.

酵素抗体法を用いたマウスにおける胸腺依存性および胸腺非依存性免疫グロブリン アイソタイプ反応の評価

Antibodies, also termed as immunoglobulins (Ig), secreted by differentiated B lymphocytes, plasmablasts/plasma cells, in humoral immunity provide a ...

Imaging of In Situ Interferon Gamma Production in the Mouse Spleen following Listeria monocytogenes Infection

Cytokines are small proteins secreted by cells, mediating cell-cell communications that are crucial for effective immune responses. One characteristic of cytokines is their pleiotropism, as they are produced by and can affect a multitude of cell types. As such, it is important to understand not only which cells are producing cytokines, but also in which environment they do so, in order to define more specific therapeutics. Here, we describe a method to visualize cytokine production in situ following bacterial infection. This technique relies on imaging cytokine-producing cells in their native environment by confocal microscopy. To do so, tissue sections are stained for markers of multiple cell types together with a cytokine stain. Key to this method, cytokine secretion is blocked directly in vivo before harvesting the tissue of interest, allowing for detection of the cytokine that accumulated inside the producing cells. The advantages of this method are multiple. First, the microenvironment in which cytokines are produced is preserved, which could ultimately inform on the signals required for cytokine production and the cells affected by those cytokines. In addition, this method gives an indication of the location of the cytokine production in vivo, as it does not rely on artificial in vitro re-stimulation of the producing cells. However, it is not possible to simultaneously analyze cytokine downstream signaling in cells that receive the cytokine. Similarly, the cytokine signals observed correspond&#160;only to the time-window during which cytokine secretion was blocked. While we describe the visualization of the cytokine Interferon (IFN) gamma in the spleen following mouse infection by the intracellular bacteria Listeria monocytogenes, this method could potentially be adapted to the visualization of any cytokine in most organs.

Imaging of In Situ Interferon Gamma Production in the Mouse Spleen following Listeria monocytogenes Infection

Here, we describe a simple confocal imaging method to visualize the in situ localization of cells secreting the cytokine Interferon gamma in murine secondary lymphoid organs. This protocol can be extended for the visualization of other cytokines in diverse tissues.

リステリア単球遺伝子感染症後のマウス脾臓におけるインシチュインターフェロンガンマ産生のイメージング

Cytokines are small proteins secreted by cells, mediating cell-cell communications that are crucial for effective immune responses. One characteristic of ...

Evaluation of T Follicular Helper Cells and Germinal Center Response During Influenza A Virus Infection in Mice

T Follicular Helper (Tfh) cells are an independent CD4+&#160;T cell subset specialized in providing help for germinal center (GC) development and generation of high-affinity antibodies. In influenza virus infection, robust Tfh and GC B cell responses are induced to facilitate effective virus eradication, which confers a qualified mouse model for Tfh-associated study. In this paper, we described protocols in detection of basic Tfh-associated immune response during influenza virus infection in mice. These protocols include: intranasal inoculation of influenza virus; flow cytometry staining and analysis of polyclonal and antigen-specific Tfh cells, GC B cells and plasma cells; immunofluorescence detection of GCs; enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) of influenza virus-specific antibody in serum. These assays basically quantify the differentiation and function of Tfh cells in influenza virus infection, thus providing help for studies in elucidating differentiation mechanism and manipulation strategy.

This paper describes protocols of evaluating Tfh and GC B response in mouse model of influenza virus infection.

マウスにおけるインフルエンザAウイルス感染時のT濾胞ヘルパー細胞と胚葉センター応答の評価

T Follicular Helper (Tfh) cells are an independent CD4+&#160;T cell subset specialized in providing help for germinal center (GC) development and ...

Retroviral Overexpression of CXCR4 on Murine B-1a Cells and Adoptive Transfer for Targeted B-1a Cell Migration to the Bone Marrow and IgM Production

As cell function is influenced by niche-specific factors in the cellular microenvironment, methods to dissect cell localization and migration can provide further insight on cell function. B-1a cells are a unique B cell subset in mice that produce protective natural IgM antibodies against oxidation-specific epitopes that arise during health and disease. B-1a cell IgM production differs depending on B-1a cell location, and therefore it becomes useful from a therapeutic standpoint to target B-1a localization to niches supportive of high antibody production. Here we describe a method to target B-1a cell migration to the bone marrow by retroviral-mediated overexpression of the C-X-C motif chemokine receptor 4 (CXCR4). Gene induction in primary murine B cells can be challenging and typically yields low transfection efficiencies of 10-20% depending on technique. Here we demonstrate that retroviral transduction of primary murine B-1a cells results in 30-40% transduction efficiency. This method utilizes adoptive cell transfer of transduced B-1a cells into B cell-deficient recipient mice so that donor B-1a cell migration and localization can be visualized. This protocol can be modified for other retroviral constructs and can be used in diverse functional assays post-adoptive transfer, including analysis of donor cell or host cell phenotype and function, or analysis of soluble factors secreted post B-1a cell transfer. The use of distinct donor and recipient mice differentiated by CD45.1 and CD45.2 allotype and the presence of a GFP reporter within the retroviral plasmid could also enable detection of donor cells in other, immune-sufficient mouse models containing endogenous B cell populations.

Here we describe a method for retroviral overexpression and adoptive transfer of murine B-1a cells to examine in vivo B-1a cell migration and localization. This protocol can be extended for diverse downstream functional assays including quantification of donor B-1a cell localization or analysis of donor cell-derived secreted factors post-adoptive transfer.

マウスB-1a細胞におけるCXCR4のレトロウイルス過剰発現と骨髄およびIgM産生への標的B-1a細胞の移行のための養子転移

As cell function is influenced by niche-specific factors in the cellular microenvironment, methods to dissect cell localization and migration can provide ...

Isolating Malignant and Non-Malignant B Cells from lck:eGFP Zebrafish

Zebrafish (Danio rerio) are a powerful model to study lymphocyte development. Like mammals, D. rerio possess an adaptive immune system that includes B and T lymphocytes. Studies of zebrafish lymphopoiesis are difficult because antibodies recognizing D. rerio cell surface markers are generally not available, complicating isolation and characterization of different lymphocyte populations, including B-lineage cells. Transgenic lines with lineage-specific fluorophore expression are often used to circumvent this challenge. The transgenic lck:eGFP line has been used to study D. rerio T cell development, and has also been utilized to model T cell development and acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL). Although lck:eGFP fish have been widely used to analyze the T-lineage, they have not been used to study B cells. Recently, we discovered that many zebrafish B cells also express lck, albeit at lower levels. Consequently, lck:eGFP B cells likewise express low levels of GFP. Based on this finding, we developed a protocol to purify B-lineage cells from lck:eGFP zebrafish, which we report here. Our method describes how to utilize a fluorescent-activated cell sorter (FACS) to purify B cells from lck:eGFP fish or related lines, such as double-transgenic rag2:hMYC; lck:eGFP fish. In these lines, B cells, particularly immature B cells, express GFP at low but detectable levels, allowing them to be distinguished from T cells, which express GFP highly. B cells can be isolated from marrow, thymus, spleen, blood, or other tissues. This protocol provides a new method to purify D. rerio B cells, enabling studies focused on topics like B cell development and B lymphocyte malignancies.

Isolating Malignant and Non-Malignant B Cells from lck:eGFP Zebrafish

Transgenic lck:eGFP zebrafish express GFP highly in T lymphocytes, and have been used to study T cell development and acute lymphoblastic leukemia. This line can be used to study B cells, which express lck at lower levels. This protocol describes purification of malignant and non-malignant B cells from lck:eGFP zebrafish.

Lck:eGFPゼブラフィッシュから悪性と非悪性 B 細胞を分離すること

Zebrafish (Danio rerio) are a powerful model to study lymphocyte development. Like mammals, D. rerio possess an adaptive immune system that includes B and ...

医学

Isolation of Group 2 Innate Lymphoid Cells from Mouse Nasal Mucosa to Detect the Expression of CD226

With abundant research on group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) published over the years, ILC2s are widely known to be implicated in regulating various pathological processes, including anti-helminth immunity, tissue repair, thermogenesis, and autoimmune diseases such as asthma and allergic rhinitis (AR). ILC2s permanently reside in peripheral tissues such as the skin, gut, lungs, and nasal cavity; however, there is limited information about their exact functions in nasal mucosal immunity. CD226 is an activating costimulatory molecule, mainly expressed on natural killer (NK) cells, T cells, and inflammatory monocytes. However, whether ILC2s express CD226 or play a role in the pathogenesis of ILC2s-related diseases remains unknown. Here, we established a method to isolate and identify ILC2s from the nasal mucosa and detected CD226 expression on ILC2s obtained from healthy and AR mice. Herein, we describe this protocol for the isolation and identification of ILC2s from mouse nasal mucosa, which will help explore the internal pathological mechanism of immunological disorders in nasal mucosal diseases.

Group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s), implicated in type 2 inflammation, mainly participate in response to helminth infection, allergic diseases, metabolic homeostasis, and tissue repair. In this study, a procedure to isolate ILC2s from murine nasal mucosa and detect the expression of CD226 is demonstrated.

CD226の発現を検出するためのマウス鼻粘膜からのグループ2自然リンパ系細胞の単離

With abundant research on group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) published over the years, ILC2s are widely known to be implicated in regulating various ...

Analysis of Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor-Producing T Helper Cells in a Mouse Model of Contact Hypersensitivity

Parallel to traditional Th1/Th2/Th17/Treg lineages, granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor-producing T helper (Th-GM) cells have been identified as a distinct subset of T helper cells (GM-CSF+ IFN-&#947;- IL-17A- IL-22- effector CD4+ T cells) in human and mice. Contact hypersensitivity (CHS) is considered an excellent animal model for allergic contact dermatitis (ACD) in human, manifesting an intact T cell-mediated immune response. To provide a standardized and comprehensive assay to analyze the Th-GM cell subset in the T cell-dependent immune response in vivo, a murine CHS model was induced by sensitization/challenge with a reactive, low-molecular-weight, organic hapten, 2,4-dinitrofluorobenzene (DNFB). The Th-GM subset in effector CD4+ T cells generated upon immunization with the hapten was analyzed by flow cytometry. We found that Th-GM was mainly expanded in lesions and draining lymph nodes in the DNFB-induced CHS mouse model. This method can be applied to further study the biology of Th-GM cells and pharmacological research of therapeutic strategies centered on GM-CSF in various conditions, such as ACD.

Here, we present a simple and standardized method of analyzing the granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor-producing T helper subset in vivo.

Parallel to traditional Th1/Th2/Th17/Treg lineages, granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor-producing T helper (Th-GM) cells have been identified ...

真のIgE発現するマウスB系統細胞の検出

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生存マウスIL - 17分泌T細胞の検出と分離

レポーターマウスを用いたIL-22を発現するリンパ球の可視化

CD71/TER119フローサイトメトリーアッセイを用いてマウス赤血球前駆細胞の同定と解析

酵素抗体法を用いたマウスにおける胸腺依存性および胸腺非依存性免疫グロブリンアイソタイプ反応の評価

リステリア単球遺伝子感染症後のマウス脾臓におけるインシチュインターフェロンガンマ産生のイメージング

マウスにおけるインフルエンザAウイルス感染時のT濾胞ヘルパー細胞と胚葉センター応答の評価

マウスB-1a細胞におけるCXCR4のレトロウイルス過剰発現と骨髄およびIgM産生への標的B-1a細胞の移行のための養子転移

Lck:eGFPゼブラフィッシュから悪性と非悪性 B 細胞を分離すること

CD226の発現を検出するためのマウス鼻粘膜からのグループ2自然リンパ系細胞の単離

Analysis of Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor-Producing T Helper Cells in a Mouse Model of Contact Hypersensitivity

真のIgE発現するマウスB系統細胞の検出

要約

さらに動画を探す

この動画の章

生存マウスIL - 17分泌T細胞の検出と分離

レポーターマウスを用いたIL-22を発現するリンパ球の可視化

CD71/TER119フローサイトメトリーアッセイを用いてマウス赤血球前駆細胞の同定と解析

酵素抗体法を用いたマウスにおける胸腺依存性および胸腺非依存性免疫グロブリン アイソタイプ反応の評価

リステリア単球遺伝子感染症後のマウス脾臓におけるインシチュインターフェロンガンマ産生のイメージング

マウスにおけるインフルエンザAウイルス感染時のT濾胞ヘルパー細胞と胚葉センター応答の評価

マウスB-1a細胞におけるCXCR4のレトロウイルス過剰発現と骨髄およびIgM産生への標的B-1a細胞の移行のための養子転移

Lck:eGFPゼブラフィッシュから悪性と非悪性 B 細胞を分離すること

CD226の発現を検出するためのマウス鼻粘膜からのグループ2自然リンパ系細胞の単離

Analysis of Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor-Producing T Helper Cells in a Mouse Model of Contact Hypersensitivity

酵素抗体法を用いたマウスにおける胸腺依存性および胸腺非依存性免疫グロブリンアイソタイプ反応の評価