This work was supported by National Institutes of Health Grant to A.S.M. (EY021784).

Aşağıdaki protokol Thomas Jefferson Üniversitesi Kurumsal Hayvan Bakım ve Kullanım Kurulu kurallarına ve Vizyon Araştırma Hayvanların Kullanım ARVO Bildirimi ile uyumludur. Ex Vivo Yara Kültür Lensler 1. Kurulum ve Hazırlık <ol><li> Steril, laminer akış başlığı içinde üç adet 100 mm petri kapları yerleştirin. Oda sıcaklığında, yarım Tris / Dekstroz tamponu ile petri kutularının iki (140 mM NaCI, 5 mM KCI, 0.7 mM Na-2 PO 4, 5 mM D-glikoz, 8.25 mM Tris baz, HCI ile 7.4&#39;e pH td tamponu) doldurun Üçüncü boş bırakarak. Ön sıcak kültür ortamı 37 o C ye (Ortam 199,% 1 L-glutamin ve% 1 penisilin / streptomisin ile takviye edilmiş) Not: in vivo meydana geldiği gibi kültür ortamı iyileşme, standart bir yara, serumsuz olduğu; Bununla birlikte, yara onarımı kültürleri serum ya da diğer faktörleri de tanımlanmış ortam koşullarında başarıyla yetiştirilebilir. </li><li> Bereketli embriyonik d kaldıray inkübatör 15 beyaz leghorn civciv yumurta (hafif hafif sallanarak 37.7 ° C&#39;de tutulan) </li><li> Bir yıkama şişesinden laminar akış çeker ve% 70 etanol ile kabuğun temiz bir dış seçilen yumurta yerleştirin. Steril çözümleri ve araçları kullanarak, laminer akış kaputu aseptik koşullarda aşağıda tüm prosedürleri yürütün. </li><li> Boş 100 mm petri içine yumurta ve yer içeriğini Crack. Standart forseps ve ince makas kullanılarak embriyo başını kesmek. TD tampon içeren bir petri civciv embriyo baş koyun ve düzgün embriyonun geri kalan atmayın. İsteğe bağlı, 15 dakika daha uzun, kısa bir süre için TD tamponda civciv embriyo başlarını tutun. </li><li> Bir petri kapağı üzerinde civciv embriyo başını yerleştirin. Yüksek hassasiyetli forseps kullanarak, aşağıdaki sırayla göz ekli vitreus ile birlikte lensi çıkarın. Gözün arkasında küçük bir açıklık oluşturmak için forseps ile gözün arka sıkıştırın. </li><li> Sonra, w vitreus mizah kavramaki forseps ve yavaşça bir yuvarlanma hareketi ile vitreus römorkör, ekli lens ile vitreus göz yerinden edilecektir. TD tampon içeren kalan petri vitreus yerleştirin objektif /. Lensler artık 30 dakika için TD tamponu içinde kalmasına izin verir. </li><li> Bir mikroskop altında yeni bir petri kapak lensi hareket ettirin. Bu noktada bir mikroskop altında tüm adımları uygulayın. Yüksek hassasiyetli forseps dikkatle mercek dokusuna zarar vermemeye dikkat alarak forseps kenarı kullanılarak lens ile yerinden edilmiş herhangi siliyer cisim (pigmentli hücreler) uzakta fırça ile. Not: siliyer gövde çıkarılması lens endojen olmayan hücre tipleri, yara onarımı kültürü dahil olmasını sağlar. </li><li> Arka lens kapsülü ile dernekten vitreus vücudu kapalı kısma yüksek hassasiyetli forseps ile vitreus mercek ayırın. </li><li> Yüksek hassasiyet kullanarak küçük bir damla içine lensi transferi forsepsbir 35 mm doku kültürü çanağı içinde TD tamponu (yaklaşık 200 ul). </li></ol> 2. Sahne Mock Katarakt Cerrahisi <ol><li> Yukarı bakacak şekilde lensin ön yönü ile 35 mm çanak TD tampon damla lensi yönlendirin. Not: merceğin ön kolay lens epitelyum ön ve ekvator bölgesi arasındaki sınır notlar dokuda yoğun halkasının mevcudiyeti ile tanımlanır. Bunun aksine, mercek elyaf hücrelerinin bağlı olduğu mercek kapsülünün arka işaretlerin yokluğu vardır. </li><li> , Her el bir forseps ile doku tutarak iki yüksek hassasiyetli forseps ön lens kapsülü, objektif dokusunu çevreleyen kalın bazal membran ve ilişkili lens ön epitel merkezinde küçük bir kesi (yaklaşık 850μm) yapmak kullanma ve yavaşça karşıt yönlerde asılarak. </li><li> Lens dokusu, dislod kısmını oluşturan lif hücre kütlesi, KaldırLens epitel eklerinde onu ging ve (Şekil 1A modellenmiş klasik katarakt cerrahisinde kullanılan bir yaklaşım,) hidro-elüsyon lens kapsülü çevreleyen. </li><li> TD tampon 300 ul bir 27.5 g bir iğne ucu ile bir 1 ml şırınga doldurun. Anteryor mercek kapsülünün yapılan kesi içine iğne ucu yerleştirin ve yaklaşık yarım lens içine. </li><li> Yavaşça mercek fiber hücre kitlesinin içine TD tampon enjekte şırınga basınız. 50 ila 200 ul TD, ve asla fazla 300 ul enjekte edilir. Epitel ve lens kapsülünün kendisini gevşeterek lif hücre kütlesi gözlemleyin. </li><li> Yüksek hassasiyetli forseps kullanarak, ön kesi sitesi aracılığıyla objektiften gevşetti lif hücre kütlesi kaldırın. Not: Bu yordam, bu siteye sadece komşu lif hücreleri ekli hücrelerin soyulmuş edilmişti posterior lens bazal membran kapsülü ve bir yaralı lens epitel bırakır. </li></ol> 3. PreparinEx Vivo Kültür g Yaralı Objektif <ol><li> Kapsül çanta ön yüzünde beş kesim yaparak, kültür tabağına yukarıda açıklanan katarakt cerrahisi, hücre tarafı yukarı kaynaklanan objektif kapsül çanta düzleştirin. </li><li> Lensin ekvatora kadar orijinal kesi dik kesin. Aşağı kültür çanak kapsül tarafında takılı epiteli hücre tarafı yukarı ile mercek kapsülünün sonuçtaki beş &quot;flep&quot; dümdüz. Bir yıldızın ya da flowerlike şekli (Şekil 1B bakınız) almalı şimdi ex vivo yaralı lensi unutmayın. </li><li> Yıldızın her noktada usulca aşağı forseps ile, çanak basın kapsülü sabitlemek için. Bu eksplant beş en dış ucunda küçük bir girinti yapmak ve yemek için sürekli eki neden olur. Not: Bu işlem sırasında kapsül zarar mümkündür ve böylece fla uçlarına yakın çanak kapsülü sabitlemek için önemlidirmümkün olduğunca PS yanı sıra mümkün olduğunca emniyet noktalarının en az miktarda yapmak için (genellikle iki, flep başına üç maksimum). </li><li> 35 mm çanak TD tamponunu çıkarın ve önceden ısıtılmış ortam 1,5 mi ile değiştirin. Inkübatör, kapağı ve yer ile 35 mm çanak Kapak (37 ° C,% 5 CO2). </li></ol> Arka Kapsül Yaralı Alanı Yeniden epitelizasyon Kantitatif Analiz Lens Epitel Hücreleri Orjinal Ek Zonu (OAZ), dan, oluşuyor Orta Göç Bölgesi (CMZ), 4. ayrılması. Not: hücreler, hasara tepki olarak, hemen CMZ bölgeye doğru hareket etmeye başlar. Kültürde günden yeterince hücrelerin mikro diseksiyon 23 ile CMZ ve Oaz ayrılması sonrasında, moleküler ve biyokimyasal analiz için CMZ genelinde göç vardır. Bu protokol, kapsülün yaralı bölgeden bir seferde bir kanat (OAZ) kaldırılmasını içerir. <ol><li> Bir Demar gözlemleyinkatyondur, OAZ ve Cmz arasında mikroskop altında açıkça görülebilir (Şekil 2A). İki yüksek hassasiyetli forseps kullanılarak, çizginin her iki tarafında, OAZ / CMZ hattı, başka bir hemen yanında bir kenarına, her iki forseps ile kavramak (Şekil 2A, B, ok). </li><li> Bir elinizi kullanarak / CMZ tarafta bir forseps Öte yandan / forseps ile yavaşça OAZ / CMZ hattı boyunca Oaz çekerken, yaralı kültüre tutunmaya devam ediyor. CMZ kolayca bu hat boyunca Oaz ayrılır. Iki bölge tamamen ayrılır kadar tüm kültür etrafında bu çizgi boyunca devam edin. </li><li> Örneğin Western blot veya ko-immünopresipitasyon 23,25 gibi RNA Dizi 24 veya biyokimyasal analizler gibi moleküler analiz için ayrıldı OAZ ve CMZ fraksiyonlar incelenmesi. </li></ol>

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The authors declare that they have no competing financial interests.

Here is described a technique for preparing a culture model of wound repair that involves performing an ex vivo cataract surgery on chick embryo lenses after their removal from the eye. The lens epithelium responds to this clinically relevant wounding with a repair process that closely mimics that which occurs in vivo, and shares features with wound repair in other epithelial tissues2,4. While the protocol is straightforward and simple to follow, performing mock cataract surgery with embryoni...

klinik olarak anlamlı, sahte katarakt cerrahisi, burada açıklanan ex vivo epitel yara iyileşmesi modeli bir yaralanma tepki olarak epitel dokuların onarımını düzenleyen mekanizmaları araştırmak için bir araç sağlamak için geliştirilmiştir. Bu modeli oluştururken için amaçlanmıştır Temel özellikler, yakından onarma işlemini bir kültür ayarı, 2), tamir düzenleyici unsurları modüle kolaylığı yaralama in vivo cevabı çoğaltılmış ve görüntü 3) yeteneği 1) sağlayan koşullar dahil gerçek zamanlı olarak bütünüyle içinde. meydan, bu nedenle, hücrelerin doğal mikroçevresinin, epitel yara onarımı incelemek mümkün olduğu bir kültür modeli oluşturmak ve işlemek için oldu. Bu yara onarım modelinin mevcudiyeti onarım sürecini düzenleyen matriks proteinleri, sitokinler ve kemokinlerin endojen sinyal ipuçları belirlenmesi için yeni olanaklar açar. Buna ek olarak, bir model incelenmesi için idealdir nasıln epitel yara alan 2,3, reepitelizasyonu için kolektif bir levha olarak ve yaralı epiteli 4 kolektif göç yönetmenlik işlev yara kenarında mezenkimal lideri hücrelerinin soy belirlemek için hareket edebilmektedir. Bu model de etkili yara iyileşmesini teşvik etmek ve anormal yara onarım 5 engelleyebilir terapötikleri belirlemek için bir platform sağlar. Mevcut yara tamir modelleri bir dizi kültürü ve günümüzde yara onarım süreci hakkında bilinenlerin çoğu sağladı vivo, hem de zaten vardır. Böyle kornea 6-12 ve cilt 13-17 gibi hayvan modellerinde yaralanma, olarak, katkıları da dahil olmak üzere süreçte yer olabilir tüm tamir arabulucuların bağlamında yaralama doku yanıtını incelemek için fırsat var damarlar ve sinir sistemi. Ancak, bu deneyimlerden manipüle sınırlamalar vardırin vivo olarak zihinsel koşullar ve zaman içinde sürekli olarak, in vivo olarak onarım yanıtı görüntüleme çalışmaları yürütmek üzere henüz mümkün değildir. Bunun aksine, örneğin çizilmeye yara çok in vitro yara onarımı kültürü modelleri, kolayca manipüle edilebilir ve zaman içinde takip ancak in vivo dokusunda yara iyileşmesinin okuyan çevresel bağlamı yoksundur. Ex vivo modeller sürecinde herhangi bir zaman noktasında onarım moleküler regülatörleri modüle yeteneği ile birleştiğinde hücrelerin mikroçevresinin bağlamında zamanla sürekli yaralanma onarım işlemini okuyan avantajı sunarken, bu uygun birkaç model var parametreleri. İşte fizyolojik yaralama bir epitel dokusunun yanıtını yeniden kültürleri şifa yüksek tekrarlanabilir ex vivo epitel yara oluşturmak için bir prosedür açıklanmaktadır. Bir doku kaynağı, bir ex vivo moc olarak civciv embriyo lens kullanarakk katarakt cerrahisi yapılmaktadır. Lens avasküler, innerve ve eşlik eden stroma 18,19 serbest değil, o kendi kendine yeten bir kalın bazal membran kapsül içinde olduğundan bu çalışmalar için kullanılacak ideal bir dokudur. İnsan hastalıkta, katarakt cerrahisi nedeniyle lensin opasifikasyon için görme kaybı giderir ve lens toplu içermektedir lens fiber hücre kitlesinin, kaldırılmasını içerir. Aşağıdaki katarakt cerrahisi görme yapay göz içi lensi yerleştirilmesi yoluyla geri yüklenir. katarakt ameliyatı prosedürü, lif hücrelerinin çıkarılması, Fiber hücreleri tarafından işgal edilmiş olan mercek kapsülünün arka bölgenin yeniden epitelizasyon ile yanıt verir bitişik lens epitelyum, bir yaralanma tepkisini indükler. Katarakt cerrahisi, çoğu yara tamir yanıtları gibi, bazen lens Arka Capsu olarak bilinen miyofibroblastlar ortaya çıkması ile ilişkili yara iyileşmesi yanıt bir anormal fibrotik sonucunu ortaya çıkmaktadırle Opasitesi 20-22. Katarakt ameliyatı yara iyileşmesi modeli oluşturmak için, katarakt cerrahisi prosedürü fizyolojik bir yaralanma üretmek için civciv embriyo göz kaldırılır lenslerde taklit edilir. Mercek epitelyal hücreleri tarafından çevrelenmiş bir çok tutarlı dairesel bir yara bölgesinde lens elyaf hücrelerinin sonuçları Mikrocerrahi çıkarılması. Bu hücre popülasyonu sıkıca mercek bazal membran kapsüle bağlı kalır ve cerrahi prosedür ile yaralandı. epitel hücreleri lider hücreleri 1 olarak onarım sürecinde bilinen vimentin zengin mezenkimal hücre popülasyonu tarafından yönetilen yara, iyileşmek için endojen bazal membran arındırılır alan üzerine göç ederler. Bu model ile yaralanma bir epitel yanıtı kolaylıkla görülebilir ve hücrelerin mikroçevresinin bağlamında zamanla izledi. Hücreler ifadesi ya da yara iyileşmesi bir rol oynaması beklenmektedir moleküllerin aktivasyonu modifikasyonlara kolaylıkla temin edilebilir. Th bir güçlü özelliğiModel izole etmek ve yara iyileşmesi çerçevesinde göç özgü değişiklikleri incelemek için yeteneğidir olduğunu. çalışmalar için yaş uyumlu ex vivo olarak yara iyileşme kültürler çok sayıda hazırlanması için yeteneği, bu modelin bir diğer avantajdır. Böylece, bu model sistemi yara iyileşme süreci üzerindeki etkisi yara onarım mekanizmalarını ve test terapötik ayrı kızdırmak için eşsiz bir fırsat sunuyor. ex vivo sahte katarakt cerrahisi modeli yaralanma tamir mekanizmaları çalışmak için kritik bir kaynak sağlayarak, geniş uygulama olması bekleniyor.

<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
	<tbody>
		<tr>
			<td>Sodium Chloride (NaCl)</td>
			<td>Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td>S271-3</td>
			<td>Use at 140mM in TD Buffer</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Potassium Chloride (KCl)</td>
			<td>Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td>P217-500</td>
			<td>Use at 5mM in TD Buffer</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Sodium Phosphate (Na2HPO4)</td>
			<td>Sigma</td>
			<td>S0876</td>
			<td>Use at .7mM in TD Buffer</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>D-glucose (Dextrose)</td>
			<td>Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td>D16-500</td>
			<td>Use at 0.5mM in TD Buffer</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Tris Base</td>
			<td>Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td>BP152-1</td>
			<td>Use at 8.25mM in TD Buffer</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Hydrochloric acid</td>
			<td>Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td>A144-500</td>
			<td>Use to pH TD buffer to 7.4</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Media 199</td>
			<td>GIBCO</td>
			<td>11150-059</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>L-glutamine</td>
			<td>Corning/CellGro</td>
			<td>25-005-CI</td>
			<td>Use at 1% in Media199</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Penicillin/streptomycin</td>
			<td>Corning/CellGro</td>
			<td>30-002-CI</td>
			<td>Use at 1% in Media199</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>100mm petri dishes</td>
			<td>Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td>FB0875711Z</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Stericup Filter Unit</td>
			<td>Millipore</td>
			<td>SCGPU01RE</td>
			<td>Use to filter sterilize Media</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Dumont #5 forceps (need 2)</td>
			<td>Fine Science Tools</td>
			<td>11251-20</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>35mm Cell Culture Dish</td>
			<td>Corning</td>
			<td>430165</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>27 Gauge 1mL SlipTip with precision glide needle</td>
			<td>BD</td>
			<td>309623</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Fine Scissors</td>
			<td>Fine Science Tools</td>
			<td>14058-11</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Standard Forceps</td>
			<td>Fine Science Tools</td>
			<td>91100-12</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td colspan="4">Other Items Needed: General dissection instruments,&#160; fertile white leghorn chicken eggs,&#160;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td colspan="4">check egg incubator (humidified, 37.7&#176;C), laminar flow hood, binocular stereovision dissecting&#160;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>microscope</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

establishment of a clinically relevant ex vivo mock cataract surgery model for investigating epithelial wound repair in a native microenvironment

The major impediment to understanding how an epithelial tissue executes wound repair is the limited availability of models in which it is possible to follow and manipulate the wound response ex vivo in an environment that closely mimics that of epithelial tissue injury in vivo. This issue was addressed by creating a clinically relevant epithelial ex vivo injury-repair model based on cataract surgery. In this culture model, the response of the lens epithelium to wounding can be followed live in the cells&#8217; native microenvironment, and the molecular mediators of wound repair easily manipulated during the repair process. To prepare the cultures, lenses are removed from the eye and a small incision is made in the anterior of the lens from which the inner mass of lens fiber cells is removed. This procedure creates a circular wound on the posterior lens capsule, the thick basement membrane that surrounds the lens. This wound area where the fiber cells were attached is located just adjacent to a continuous monolayer of lens epithelial cells that remains linked to the lens capsule during the surgical procedure. The wounded epithelium, the cell type from which fiber cells are derived during development, responds to the injury of fiber cell removal by moving collectively across the wound area, led by a population of vimentin-rich repair cells whose mesenchymal progenitors are endogenous to the lens1. These properties are typical of a normal epithelial wound healing response. In this model, as in vivo, wound repair is dependent on signals supplied by the endogenous environment that is uniquely maintained in this ex vivo culture system, providing an ideal opportunity for discovery of the mechanisms that regulate repair of an epithelium following wounding.

Ex Vivo Model hücrelerin doğal mikroçevresinin yara iyileşme sürecini incelemek için oluşturulan Hücrelerin doğal mikroçevresinin içinde epitel yara iyileşmesini düzenleyen katılan mekanizmalarını araştırmak için, klinik olarak anlamlı ex vivo sahte katarakt cerrahisi modeli oluşturuldu. Bu model nedeniyle yapısal özellikleri konusunda pek çok avantajlar sunmaktadır mercek dokularından oluşturulur: 1) objektif mercek kapsülü olarak adlandırıla...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Establishment of a Clinically Relevant Ex Vivo Mock Cataract Surgery Model for Investigating Epithelial Wound Repair in a Native Microenvironment at JoVE.com

Establishment of a Clinically Relevant Ex Vivo Mock Cataract Surgery Model for Investigating Epithelial Wound Repair in a Native Microenvironment

Described here is the establishment of a clinically relevant ex vivo mock cataract surgery model that can be used to investigate mechanisms of the injury response of epithelial tissues within their native microenvironment.

Bir Klinik İlgili kurulması<em&gt; Ex Vivo</emYerli mikroçevresinin Epitelyal Yara Tamir incelenmesi için&gt; Mock Katarakt Cerrahisi Modeli

The major impediment to understanding how an epithelial tissue executes wound repair is the limited availability of models in which it is possible to ...

establishment-clinically-relevant-ex-vivo-mock-cataract-surgery-model

Research

JoVE Journal

Developmental Biology

Establishment of a Clinically Relevant Ex Vivo Mock Cataract Surgery Model for Investigating Epithelial Wound Repair in a Native Microenvironment

6.5K Görüntüleme.  Thomas Jefferson University. Described here is the establishment of a clinically relevant ex vivo mock cataract surgery model that can be used to investigate mechanisms of the injury response of epithelial tissues within their native microenvironment. 

Video: Establishment of a Clinically Relevant Ex Vivo Mock Cataract Surgery Model for Investigating Epithelial Wound Repair in a Native Microenvironment

Capturing Tissue Repair in Zebrafish Larvae with Time-lapse Brightfield Stereomicroscopy

The zebrafish larval tail fin is ideal for studying tissue regeneration due to the simple architecture of the larval fin-fold, which comprises of two layers of skin that enclose undifferentiated mesenchyme, and because the larval tail fin regenerates rapidly within 2-3 days. Using this system, we demonstrate a method for capturing the repair dynamics of the amputated tail fin with time-lapse video brightfield stereomicroscopy. We demonstrate that fin amputation triggers a contraction of the amputation wound and extrusion of cells around the wound margin, leading to their subsequent clearance. Fin regeneration proceeds from proximal to distal direction after a short delay. In addition, developmental growth of the larva can be observed during all stages. The presented method provides an opportunity for observing and analyzing whole tissue-scale behaviors such as fin development and growth in a simple microscope setting, which is easily adaptable to any stereomicroscope with time-lapse capabilities.

We present a protocol for capturing the dynamics of zebrafish larval tail fin regeneration on a whole-tissue scale using brightfield-based stereomicroscopy. This technique enables capturing the regeneration dynamics with single cell resolution. This methodology can be adapted to any stereomicroscope equipped with a CCD camera and time-lapse software.

Time-lapse aydınlık stereomikroskobi ile Zebra balığı Larva Doku Onarım yakalama

The zebrafish larval tail fin is ideal for studying tissue regeneration due to the simple architecture of the larval fin-fold, which comprises of two ...

Gelişim Biyolojisi

Epicardial Outgrowth Culture Assay and Ex Vivo Assessment of Epicardial-derived Cell Migration

A single layer of epicardial cells lines the heart, providing paracrine factors that stimulate cardiomyocyte proliferation and directly contributing cardiovascular progenitors during development and disease. While a number of factors have been implicated in epicardium-derived cell (EPDC) mobilization, the mechanisms governing their subsequent migration and differentiation are poorly understood. Here, we present in vitro and ex vivo strategies to study EPDC motility and differentiation. First, we describe a method of obtaining primary epicardial cells by outgrowth culture from the embryonic mouse heart. We also introduce a detailed protocol to assess three-dimensional migration of labeled EPDC in an organ culture system. We provide evidence using these techniques that genetic deletion of myocardin-related transcription factors in the epicardium attenuates EPDC migration. This approach serves as a platform to evaluate candidate modifiers of EPDC biology and could be used to develop genetic or chemical screens to identify novel regulators of EPDC mobilization that might be useful for cardiac repair.

Epicardial Outgrowth Culture Assay and Ex Vivo Assessment of Epicardial-derived Cell Migration

Here, we describe methods for isolating primary mouse epicardial cells by an outgrowth culture assay and assessing the functional migration of epicardial-derived cells (EPDC) using an ex vivo heart culture system. These protocols are suitable for identifying genetic and chemical modulators of epicardial epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and motility.

Epikardiyal dışsal gelişimi Kültürü Deneyi ve<em&gt; Ex Vivo</em&gt; Epikardiyal türetilmiş Hücre Göç Değerlendirilmesi

A single layer of epicardial cells lines the heart, providing paracrine factors that stimulate cardiomyocyte proliferation and directly contributing ...

Adenoviral Gene Therapy for Diabetic Keratopathy: Effects on Wound Healing and Stem Cell Marker Expression in Human Organ-cultured Corneas and Limbal Epithelial Cells

The goal of this protocol is to describe molecular alterations in human diabetic corneas and demonstrate how they can be alleviated by adenoviral gene therapy in organ-cultured corneas. The diabetic corneal disease is a complication of diabetes with frequent abnormalities of corneal nerves and epithelial wound healing. We have also documented significantly altered expression of several putative epithelial stem cell markers in human diabetic corneas. To alleviate these changes, adenoviral gene therapy was successfully implemented using the upregulation of c-met proto-oncogene expression and/or the downregulation of proteinases matrix metalloproteinase-10 (MMP-10) and cathepsin F. This therapy accelerated wound healing in diabetic corneas even when only the limbal stem cell compartment was transduced. The best results were obtained with combined treatment. For possible patient transplantation of normalized stem cells, an example is also presented of the optimization of gene transduction in stem cell-enriched cultures using polycationic enhancers. This approach may be useful not only for the selected genes but also for the other mediators of corneal epithelial wound healing and stem cell function.

An example of adenoviral gene therapy in the human diabetic organ-cultured corneas is presented towards the normalization of delayed wound healing and markedly reduced epithelial stem cell marker expression in these corneas. It also describes the optimization of this process in stem cell-enriched limbal epithelial cultures.

Diyabetik Keratopatide için adenoviral Gen Tedavisi: İnsan Organ-kültürlü kornealar ve Limbal Epitel Hücreleri Yara İyileşmesi Üzerine Etkileri ve Hücre Marker İfade Kök

The goal of this protocol is to describe molecular alterations in human diabetic corneas and demonstrate how they can be alleviated by adenoviral gene ...

A Submerged Filter Paper Sandwich for Long-term Ex Ovo Time-lapse Imaging of Early Chick Embryos

Due to its availability, low cost, flat geometry, and transparency, the ex ovo chick embryo has become a major vertebrate animal model for the study of morphogenetic events, such as gastrulation2, neurulation3-5, somitogenesis6, heart bending7,8, and brain formation9-13, during early embryogenesis. Key to understanding morphogenetic processes is to follow them dynamically by time-lapse imaging. The acquisition of time-lapse movies of chick embryogenesis ex ovo has been limited either to short time windows or to the need for an incubator to control temperature and humidity around the embryo14. Here, we present a new technique to culture chick embryos ex ovo for high-resolution time-lapse imaging using transmitted light microscopy. The submerged filter paper sandwich is a variant of the well-established filter paper carrier technique (EC-culture)1 and allows for the culturing of chick embryos without the need for a climate chamber. The embryo is sandwiched between two identical filter paper carriers and is kept fully submerged in a simple, temperature-controlled medium covered by a layer of light mineral oil. Starting from the primitive streak stage (Hamburger-Hamilton stage 5, HH5)15 up to at least the 28-somite stage (HH16)15, embryos can be cultured with either their ventral or dorsal side up. This allows the acquisition of time-lapse movies covering about 30 hr of embryonic development. Representative time-lapse frames and movies are shown. Embryos are compared morphologically to an embryo cultured in the standard EC-culture.
The submerged filter paper sandwich provides a stable environment to study early dorsal and ventral morphogenetic processes. It also allows for live fluorescence imaging and micromanipulations, such as microsurgery, bead implantation, microinjection, gene silencing, and electroporation, and has a strong potential to be combined with immersion objectives for laser-based imaging (including light-sheet microscopy).

A Submerged Filter Paper Sandwich for Long-term Ex Ovo Time-lapse Imaging of Early Chick Embryos

Here, we present a new technique to culture chick embryos ex ovo for time-lapse imaging using transmitted light and fluorescence microscopy. The submerged filter paper sandwich is a variant of the well-established filter paper carrier technique1 that allows for the culturing of chick embryos fully-submerged in a liquid culture medium.

Uzun vadede bir Batık Filtre Kağıdı Sandviç<em&gt; Ex Ovo</emErken Civciv Embriyolar&gt; Time-lapse Görüntüleme

Due to its availability, low cost, flat geometry, and transparency, the ex ovo chick embryo has become a major vertebrate animal model for the study of ...

Drug Treatment and In Vivo Imaging of Osteoblast-Osteoclast Interactions in a Medaka Fish Osteoporosis Model

Bone-forming osteoblasts interact with bone-resorbing osteoclasts to coordinate the turnover of bone matrix and to control skeletal homeostasis. Medaka and zebrafish larvae are widely used to analyze the behavior of bone cells during bone formation, degeneration, and repair. Their optical clarity allows the visualization of fluorescently labeled bone cells and fluorescent dyes bound to the mineralized skeletal matrix. Our lab has generated transgenic medaka fish that express the osteoclast-inducing factor Receptor Activator of Nuclear-factor &#954;B Ligand (RANKL) under the control of a heat&#160;shock-inducible promoter. Ectopic expression of RANKL results in the excess formation of activated osteoclasts, which can be visualized in reporter lines with nlGFP expression under the control of the cathepsin K (ctsk) promoter. RANKL induction and ectopic osteoclast formation leads to severe osteoporosis-like phenotypes. Compound transgenic medaka lines that express ctsk:nlGFP in osteoclasts, as well as mCherry under the control of the osterix (osx) promoter in premature osteoblasts, can be used to study the interaction of both cell types. This facilitates the in vivo observation of cellular behavior under conditions of bone degeneration and repair. Here, we describe the use of this system to test a drug commonly used in human osteoporosis therapy and describe a protocol for live imaging. The medaka model complements studies in cell culture and mice, and offers a novel system for the in vivo analysis of drug action in the skeletal system.

Drug Treatment and In Vivo Imaging of Osteoblast-Osteoclast Interactions in a Medaka Fish Osteoporosis Model

Small laboratory fish have become popular models for bone research on the mechanisms underlying human bone disorders and for the screening of bone-modulating drugs. In this report, we describe a protocol to assess the effect of alendronate on bone cells in medaka larvae with osteoporotic lesions.

İlaç Tedavi ve<em&gt; İn Vivo</em&gt; Bir Medaka Balık Osteoporoz Modelinde Osteoblast-Osteoklast Etkileşimler Görüntüleme

Bone-forming osteoblasts interact with bone-resorbing osteoclasts to coordinate the turnover of bone matrix and to control skeletal homeostasis. Medaka ...

Rapid Isolation of BMPR-IB+ Adipose-Derived Stromal Cells for Use in a Calvarial Defect Healing Model

Invasive cancers, major injuries, and infection can cause bone defects that are too large to be reconstructed with preexisting bone from the patient's own body. The ability to grow bone de novo using a patient's own cells would allow bony defects to be filled with adequate tissue without the morbidity of harvesting native bone. There is interest in the use of adipose-derived stromal cells (ASCs) as a source for tissue engineering because these are obtained from an abundant source: the patient's own adipose tissue. However, ASCs are a heterogeneous population and some subpopulations may be more effective in this application than others. Isolation of the most osteogenic population of ASCs could improve the efficiency and effectiveness of a bone engineering process. In this protocol, ASCs are obtained from subcutaneous fat tissue from a human donor. The subpopulation of ASCs expressing the marker BMPR-IB is isolated using FACS. These cells are then applied to an in vivo calvarial defect healing assay and are found to have improved osteogenic regenerative potential compared with unsorted cells.

Adipose-derived stromal cells may be useful for engineering new tissue from a patient's own cells. We present a protocol for the isolation of a subpopulation of human adipose-derived stromal cells (ASCs) with increased osteogenic potential, followed by application of the cells in an in vivo calvarial healing assay.

BMPR-IB + hızlı İzolasyon Kalvaryum Hata Şifa Modeli Kullanılan Stromal Hücreleri yağ kaynaklı

Invasive cancers, major injuries, and infection can cause bone defects that are too large to be reconstructed with preexisting bone from the patient's own ...

A Device for Performing Cell Migration/Wound Healing in a 96-Well Plate

The cell migration/wounding assay is a commonly used method to study cell migration and other biological processes, such as angiogenesis and tumor metastasis. In this assay, cells are grown to form a confluent monolayer and a mechanical wound is created by scratching with a device. Then the migration rate of the cells towards the denuded area can be monitored by imaging. Our 8-channel mechanical wounder is designed to tackle most of the problems associated with the cell migration assay. Firstly, our wounder can be easily sterilized by autoclaving or with common disinfectants. Secondly, the individual adjustable pins allow even contact with the cell culture plate so that sharp and reproducible wounds can be created. Thirdly, the guiding bars on both sides of the wounder ensure consistent wounding position in each well. The use of disposable plastic pipette tips for wounding can further provide better handling of the wounder as well as to minimize cross-contamination. In conclusion, our cell wounder can provide researchers with a user friendly and reproducible device for performing the cell migration assay using the standard 96-well culture plate.

Here, we present a protocol to perform a semi-high throughput cell migration assay on a 96-well cell culture plate. This protocol is a fast, simple and economical method to create consistent scratch wounds on a cell monolayer.

96 oyuklu bir plaka içerisinde hücre gücü / yara iyileşme gerçekleştirmek için bir cihaz

The cell migration/wounding assay is a commonly used method to study cell migration and other biological processes, such as angiogenesis and tumor ...

Establishment of Larval Zebrafish as an Animal Model to Investigate Trypanosoma cruzi Motility In Vivo

Chagas disease is a parasitic infection caused by Trypanosoma cruzi, whose motility is not only important for localization, but also for cellular binding and invasion. Current animal models for the study of T. cruzi allow limited observation of parasites in vivo, representing a challenge for understanding parasite behavior during the initial stages of infection in humans. This protozoan has a flagellar stage in both vector and mammalian hosts, but there are no studies describing its motility in vivo.The objective of this project was to establish a live vertebrate zebrafish model to evaluate T. cruzi motility in the vascular system. Transparent zebrafish larvae were injected with fluorescently labeled trypomastigotes and observed using light sheet fluorescence microscopy (LSFM), a noninvasive method to visualize live organisms with high optical resolution. The parasites could be visualized for extended periods of time due to this technique&#39;s relatively low risk of photodamage compared to confocal or epifluorescence microscopy. T. cruzi parasites were observed traveling in the circulatory system of live zebrafish in different-sized blood vessels and the yolk. They could also be seen attached to the yolk sac wall and to the atrioventricular valve despite the strong forces associated with heart contractions. LSFM of T. cruzi-inoculated zebrafish larvae is a valuable method that can be used to visualize circulating parasites and evaluate their tropism, migration patterns, and motility in the dynamic environment of the cardiovascular system of a live animal.

Establishment of Larval Zebrafish as an Animal Model to Investigate Trypanosoma cruzi Motility In Vivo

In this protocol, fluorescently labeled T. cruzi&#160;were injected into transparent zebrafish larvae, and parasite motility was observed in vivo using light sheet fluorescence microscopy.

Kuruluş, larva Zebra balığı bir hayvan modeli araştırmak Trypanosoma cruzi hareketliliği In Vivo olarak

Chagas disease is a parasitic infection caused by Trypanosoma cruzi, whose motility is not only important for localization, but also for cellular binding ...

Immuno-fluorescent Labeling of Microtubules and Centrosomal Proteins in Ex Vivo Intestinal Tissue and 3D In Vitro Intestinal Organoids

The advent of 3D in vitro organoids that mimic the in vivo tissue architecture and morphogenesis has greatly advanced the ability to study key biological questions in cell and developmental biology. In addition, organoids together with recent technical advances in gene editing and viral gene delivery promises to advance medical research and development of new drugs for treatment of diseases. Organoids grown in vitro in basement matrix provide powerful model systems for studying the behavior and function of various proteins and are well suited for live-imaging of fluorescent-tagged proteins. However, establishing the expression and localization of the endogenous proteins in ex vivo tissue and in in vitro organoids is important to verify the behavior of the tagged proteins. To this end we have developed and modified tissue isolation, fixation, and immuno-labeling protocols for localization of microtubules, centrosomal, and associated proteins in ex vivo intestinal tissue and in in vitro intestinal organoids. The aim was for the fixative to preserve the 3D architecture of the organoids/tissue while also preserving antibody antigenicity and enabling good penetration and clearance of fixative and antibodies. Exposure to cold depolymerizes all but stable microtubules and this was a key factor when modifying the various protocols. We found that increasing the ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) concentration from 3 mM to 30 mM gave efficient detachment of villi and crypts in the small intestine while 3 mM EDTA was sufficient for colonic crypts. The developed formaldehyde/methanol fixation protocol gave very good structural preservation while also preserving antigenicity for effective labeling of microtubules, actin, and the end-binding (EB) proteins. It also worked for the centrosomal protein ninein although the methanol protocol worked more consistently. We further established that fixation and immuno-labeling of microtubules and associated proteins could be achieved with organoids isolated from or remaining within the basement matrix.

Immuno-fluorescent Labeling of Microtubules and Centrosomal Proteins in Ex Vivo Intestinal Tissue and 3D In Vitro Intestinal Organoids

We present protocols for isolation of intestinal 3D structures from in vivo tissue and in vitro basement matrix embedded organoids, and detail different fixation and staining protocols optimized for immuno-labeling of microtubule, centrosomal, and junctional proteins as well as cell markers including the stem cell protein Lgr5.

IMMUNO florasan mikrotübüller ve Ex Vivo bağırsak dokusu ve 3D Vitro bağırsak Organoids Centrosomal proteinler etiketleme

The advent of 3D in vitro organoids that mimic the in vivo tissue architecture and morphogenesis has greatly advanced the ability to study key biological ...

Culturing of Retinal Pigment Epithelial Cells on an Ex Vivo Model of Aged Human Bruch's Membrane

Aside from vitamins and antioxidants recommended by the Age-Related Eye Disease Study, there is no effective therapy for &#34;dry,&#34;&#160;or atrophic age-related macular degeneration (AMD) which represents 90% of the cases. Therapies are needed to slow or retard the development of geographic atrophy (GA), and understanding Bruch&#39;s membrane pathology is part of this process. Alterations in human Bruch&#39;s membrane precede the progression of AMD by contributing to the damage of retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells. Given the lack of sufficient animal models to study AMD, ex vivo models of aged human Bruch&#39;s membrane serve as a useful tool to study the behavior of RPE cells from immortalized and primary cell lines as well as RPE lines derived from induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). Here, we present a detailed method that allows one to determine the effects of RPE cell behavior seeded on harvested human Bruch&#39;s membrane explants from human donors, including attachment, apoptosis and proliferation, ability to phagocytize photoreceptor outer segments, establishment of polarity, and gene expression. This assay provides an ex vivo model of aged Bruch&#39;s membrane to assess the functional characteristics of RPE cells when seeded on aged/compromised extracellular matrix.

Culturing of Retinal Pigment Epithelial Cells on an Ex Vivo Model of Aged Human Bruch's Membrane

The goal of this protocol is to demonstrate the culturing of retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells on aged and/or diseased human Bruch&#39;s membrane. This method is suitable to study RPE cell behavior on a compromised extracellular matrix.

Bir Ex Vivo modeli yaşlı insan Bruch'ın membran bir retina Pigment epitel hücrelerinin kültürü

Aside from vitamins and antioxidants recommended by the Age-Related Eye Disease Study, there is no effective therapy for &#34;dry,&#34;&#160;or atrophic ...