This work was supported by the Swedish Cancer Society (11 0253, 13 0469), the Swedish Research Council (K2012-99X-21959-01-3), Marcus Borgstr&#246;ms Foundation and the Swedish Research Council through a grant to the Uppsala RNA Research Centre (2006-5038-36531-16). We are indebted to the BioVis core facility at Uppsala University for much help with the FACS analysis.

Protokol, insan hasta malzemeden lenfoid hücrelerin izolasyonu açıklar ve bu nedenle etik onayı gerekiyor. Bu çalışmada yapılan çalışmalar Uppsala Etik Değerlendirme Kurulu (DNR. 2013/387) tarafından verildi. İnsan Palatine Bademcikler dan Mononükleer Hücreleri (ÇUŞ) 1. İzolasyonu UYARI: kan, doku veya vücut sıvıları gibi insan kaynaklı tüm elenmemiş malzeme potansiyel enfekte materyal olarak kabul edilmelidir. Bu nedenle, insan dokuları işlemek için önerilen biyogüvenlik uygulamaları takip edilmelidir. Not: kontaminasyonunu önlemek için, her çözeltiler ve hücre kültürü ekipmanları steril olması gerekmektedir. Tüm tamponlar ve solüsyonlar önceden soğutulmuş ve buz üzerinde tutulmalıdır. Tonsil dokular ve izole hücreler tutulur ve buz üzerinde tutulmalıdır. <ol><li> Tonsillektomi veya tonsillotomy (Şekil 2) uygulanan hastalarda taze bademcikler edinin. Doku clum Plunge% 5 fetal sığır serumu (FBS), 10 mM Glutamin, 0,05 mg / gentamisin ve% 1 antibiyotik antimikotik karışımı ml (penisilin buz soğukluğunda steril Hanks ile dengelenmiş tuz çözeltisi (HBSS) ile dolu bir 50 ml&#39;lik santrifüj tüpüne ps Streptomisin ve Amfoterisin B). </li><li> Buz üzerinde her zaman batık bademcik dokusu örnekleri ile tüpleri tutun. En kısa sürede bademcik işlemek için çalışın, ve en geç cerrahi müdahaleden sonra 3 saat daha. </li><li> Buz üzerinde 60 mm plastik hücre kültür plaka üzerinde bademcik yerleştirin ve HBSS ile nemlendirilmiş doku tutun. Bademcik yüzeyinden temiz bir forseps ile görünür kan pıhtılarını, yağlı ve bağ dokuları çıkarın. </li><li> 5 ml HBSS içeren yeni 60 mm hücre kültürü plakası kullanın. Makas ve / veya bir neşter steril bir çifti kullanılarak 3-10 mm parçalara bademcik dokusu yığın kesin. </li><li> HBSS 10 ml içeren yeni 60 mm hücre kültürü tabak hazırlayın ve HBSS çözeltisi içinde 100 mikron plastik hücre süzgeç yerleştirin. </li><li> Diss aktarınSteril forseps ile hücre süzgecinden içine yansıtılmaktadır bademcik fragmanları. Plastik şırınga pistonu ucunu kullanarak, sorunsuz hücre süzgecinden doku parçaları sıkın. Bademcik fragmanları tamamen HBSS dalmış emin olun. </li><li> Doku kalıntıları hücre süzgecinden atın ve bir 50 ml plastik bir santrifüj tüpüne 60 mm hücre kültür plakasından elde edilen hücre süspansiyonu aktarın. Adımlar 1.8 ve 1.9 ile devam ederken buz üzerinde tüp bırakın. </li><li> Büyük bademcikler durumunda, boyutu 2 cm&#39;den büyük (Şekil 2), süzgeç örgü tıkanmasını önlemek için iki hücre süzgeçler de bademcik parçaları sıkın. </li><li> Hücre süspansiyonu 35 ml&#39;lik nihai hacim elde edilir. Not: Bu aşamada, dondurarak saklama (bakınız bölüm 2) hücre süspansiyonu hazırlamak mümkündür. </li><li> Yeni bir 50 ml santrifüj tüpüne Ficoll gibi yoğunluk gradyan çözeltisi 10 ml ekleyin. Yavaşça hücre Suspens bindirmeİyon yoğunluk gradyan çözeltisi üzerine (aşama 1,9). Hücre süspansiyonu ve yoğunluk dereceli çözeltisinin karıştırılması kaçının. Not: yoğunluk gradyan çözeltisi, oda sıcaklığına kadar ılıtıldı gerekir. </li><li> Oda sıcaklığında 20 dakika boyunca 700 xg&#39;de bir salıncak-out rotor hücre süspansiyonu santrifüjleyin. Degrade bozabilir hızlı frenleme olarak santrifüj fren işlevini etkinleştirmek etmeyin. Ayrıca, santrifüj mevcut olan en düşük ivme işlevini kullanın. Not: Bu santrifüj aşamasından sonra, tüpün alt kısmında tortu bir ara yüzeyde kabarık beyaz tabaka ve kırmızı kan hücrelerinin (RBC), fibroblastlar ve hücre kalıntıları olarak ÇUŞ&#39;larına dikkate alınmalıdır. </li><li> Dikkatlice 10 ml pipet kullanarak ÇUŞ&#39;ları katmanı toplamak. Yeni bir 50 ml santrifüj tüpüne hücre süspansiyonu yerleştirin. </li><li> Hücre süspansiyonuna buz soğukluğunda PBS 25 ml ilave edilir ve 4 ° C &#39;de dışarı salınan bir rotor 5 dakika boyunca 300 x g&#39;de tüp spin. </li><li> 25 ml&#39;lik bir pipet kullanarak süpernatantıve hücre pelet yıkama adımı iki kez daha tekrarlayın. Son olarak, PBS, 15 ml hücre pelletini. Not: Son yıkama aşamasından sonra, hücre süspansiyonu (bakınız bölüm 2) cryopreserve mümkündür. </li><li> Hemositometre hücre sayım bölmesi içinde hücre süspansiyonu 10 ul uygulayın ve bir mikroskop altında hücre sayısını. Hücreler uygun miktarda dağıtın (örneğin, 2-3 x 10 7) takip eden manyetik boncuk ayrılması için bir 15 ml&#39;lik santrifüj tüpüne. Adım 3.2 kadar buz üzerinde bu kısım tutun. </li></ol> Tonsil Hücre 2. Kryoprezervasyon <ol><li> Donma orta (% 90 FBS ve% 10 DMSO) hazırlayın ve buz üzerinde tutmak. Uzun süreli depolama için -20 ° C&#39;de donma medyayı tutmak. </li><li> Bir hemositometre hücre sayım odasını (adım 1.15) ile hücrelerin toplam sayısını belirler. İstenen donmuş hücre yoğunluğuna göre dondurma orta gerekli miktarını hesaplayın (örneğin, 10 7 hücres dondurma ortamı / ml). </li><li> 5 dakika boyunca 300 x g&#39;de hücre süspansiyonu santrifüjleyin. Hücre topaklarını bozmadan süpernatantı boşaltacaktır ve (aşama 2.1) buz gibi soğuk dondurma ortamı içinde hücre pelletini. </li><li> Sıvı nitrojen içinde uzun süreli depolama için tasarlanmış steril şişelere hücre süspansiyonu 1 ml&#39;lik numuneler koyun. Bir izopropanol odasında şişeleri dondurun ve -80 ° CO / N saklayın. Uzun süreli korunması için depolama tankı veya -140 ° C hücre dondurucu içeren bir sıvı azot içine şişeleri aktarın. </li><li> Dondurulmuş hücreler şişeleri çözülme için, 37 ° C su banyosu içinde hızla onları sıcak. Çözülmüş hemen zaman (takviyeleri ile 1.1 adım a) önceden ısıtılmış HBSS 10 ml hücre süspansiyonu dispers 15 ml santrifüj tüpüne. (1.1 adım takviyeleri ile), 5 dakika boyunca 300 x g&#39;de tüp Spin HBSS çıkarın ve HBSS, istenen hücre yoğunluğuna hücre pelletini. Not: ÇUŞ af canlılığınıter çözme Ölü hücrelerin varlığı saflaştınldı B ve T lenfositleri nihai verim düşecektir, önem taşımaktadır. Not: hücre izolasyon verimi azaltacaktır hücre canlılığı az% 80 daha sonra bizim deneyim göre. </li></ol> Tonsil ÇUŞ&#39;larının T Lenfosit Nüfus 3. Pozitif Seçimi Not 1: Bu protokol, CD3 antikoru bağlanmış manyetik boncuklar kullanılarak Tonsiller çok uluslu insan CD3 + T lenfositlerinin pozitif seçimi dayanmaktadır. Taze (Bölüm 1) veya dondurulmuş (Bölüm 2) çok uluslu şirketler bu bölümü başlatmak mümkündür. Not 2: 3 x 10 7 uluslu şirketler ile başlayın. Ayırma sütunları tıkayabilir ve bu izolasyon verimi azaltacaktır çünkü, bu hücre sayısı aşmayın. Daha fazla hücre ele alınacak olursa büyük sütunları kullanın. Bu protokolde kullanılan hacimleri deneysel hücrelerin bize sayısı için optimize edilmiştirBizim deneysel kurulum ed. <ol><li> Ayırma tamponu [PBS (pH 7.2),% 0.5 sığır serum albümini (BSA) ve 2 mM EDTA] hazırlayın. 4 ° C&#39;da bir 0.45 um filtre ve mağaza boyunca ayırma tamponu filtre. </li><li> 4 ° C&#39;de 5 dakika boyunca 300 x g&#39;de ÇUŞ&#39;ları süspansiyonu (basamak 1,14) dönerler. Buz soğukluğunda ayırma tamponu 240 ul ile sonuçlanan hücre pelletini (10 7 hücre başına 80 ul) yeniden süspanse edin. Steril 2 ml&#39;lik bir tüp içine hücre süspansiyonu aktarın. </li><li> Hücre çözeltisine, CD3 manyetik antikorun 20 ul ekle. Süspansiyon içinde bulunan hücrelerin durumda tutmak için sürekli hafifçe karıştırılarak, 4 ° C &#39;de 1 saat süre ile inkübe edin. </li><li> Hücreleri yıkamak için 5 mi, buzla soğutulmuş ayırma tamponu ihtiva eden 15 ml&#39;lik bir tüp içine hücre süspansiyonu her aktarın. </li><li> Dışarı salınan bir rotor, 4 ° C &#39;de 10 dakika boyunca 300 x g&#39;de santrifüjleyin tüp. </li><li> Bu arada manyetik ayırıcı ve sütun kurdu. Stand manyetik ayırıcı takın ve Separ sütun yerator. Buz soğukluğunda ayırma tamponu 500 ul uygulayarak sütun yıkayın. Akışını atın. </li><li> Sütunun altında yeni bir 15 ml toplama tüpü yerleştirin. Buz üzerinde toplama tüpü bulundurun. </li><li> Pipet ile süpernatantı (adım 3.5) atın ve yavaşça 500 ul ayırma tampon içinde hücre pelletini. Önceden yıkanmış sütunun üstüne hücre süspansiyonu uygulayın ve içinden çalıştırın. Not: Hücre kümeleri sütun yapışmasına neden olabilir ve bu şekilde akış hızını azaltabilir. Bu sorunu önlemek için, kolonun tepesinde bir 40 um plastik hücre süzgeci yerleştirin. Bu örgü sayesinde hücreleri Passing çok bu yöntemin etkinliğini artıracaktır. </li><li> Ayırma tamponu, 1.5 ml (10 7 hücreleri için 500 ul) ile sütun 4 kez yıkayın. Bir sonraki yıkama adımı uygulamadan önce (hiçbir sıvı sütununda dikkat edilmelidir) boş sütun rezervuar bekleyin. Not: B lenfosit kısmıyla olarak kabul CD3 etiketsiz hücreleri elde, oldukları gibitoplama tüpüne yıkandı. </li><li> Yeni 15 ml toplama tüpüne ayırıcı ve yerden sütun çıkarın. Pipet kolonuna ayırma tamponu 2 mi. T lenfosit fraksiyonu olarak kabul edilmektedir olumlu seçilmiş T lenfositleri, Zehir sütununda verilen piston kullanma. </li><li> Saflaştırılmış hücreler (adım 1.15) Gerekirse sayısını belirler. Hücre süspansiyonları, artık aşağı doğru deneyler için hazırdır. </li></ol> İzole 4. Akım Sitometri Analizi Tonsil B ve T Lenfositler DİKKAT: Paraformaldehit çözüm tahriş edici ve kanserojen olabilir. Çalışırken uygun koruyucu giysi, eldiven ve göz / yüz koruyucusu kullanın. Not 1: Bu protokol (FACS) analizi Kontrol THP izole edilmiş B ve T hücrelerinin doğrudan boyanması için bir yöntemi tarif etmektedir. Bu adımın amacı popülasyonları af izole hücre saflığını değerlendirmek içinter CD3 manyetik antikor ayırma. Bu amaçla kurulan B ve T hücre belirteçleri için fluorofor konjuge monoklonal antikorlar CD20-FITC ve CD2-APC kullanılır. Ayrıca izotip kontrol antikorları dahil yüksek CD2 ve CD20 antikorlarının (adım 4.8) arasında spesifik olmayan bağlanma &quot;arka plan&quot; ayırt önerilir. Not 2: Bu boyama zamanına kadar 4 ° C &#39;de bir% 1 paraformaldehid içinde karanlıkta (PFA) çözeltisi saflaştırılmış hücre fraksiyonları tutmak mümkündür (örneğin, ertesi gün).. Boyama ve FACS analizi arasında bir zaman boşluğu olduğu takdirde de aynı prosedür uygulanabilir. Her iki durumda da hücreler PBSA lekelenme veya FACS analizi öncesinde tamponu (PBS% 0.2 BSA ihtiva eden) ile düzgün yıkanmalıdır unutmayın. <ol><li> Adım 3.10 aşama 3.9 ve T lenfosit fraksiyonu, B lenfosit kısmını (önceki sütuna uygulamadan) aşama 1.15 den çok uluslu şirketler 6 x 10 6 hücre çıkar. </li><li> Hücreyi Spindışarı salınan bir rotor kullanılarak 4 ° C&#39;de 5 dakika boyunca 300 x g&#39;de süspansiyonlar. </li><li> Pipetle Süpernatantı ve buz gibi soğuk PBSA&#39;da 1 ml ile bir kez hücre pelet yıkayın. 4 ° C&#39;de 5 dakika boyunca 300 x g&#39;de hücre süspansiyonları dönerler. Pipetle Süpernatantı ve tekrar süspansiyon buz soğukluğunda PBSA tampon 600 ul hücre. </li><li> FACS tüpün alt hücre süspansiyonu 100 ul ekle. </li><li> PBS, her tüpe,% 10 ısı ile inaktive edilmiş insan serumu ihtiva eden 100 ul eklenir, iyice karıştırılır ve oda sıcaklığında ~ 1 dakika veya buz üzerinde 20 dakika inkübe edilir. Not: B lenfositleri Fc reseptörleri taşıyan. Fc bloke etmek için saflaştırılmış hücre fraksiyonları% 10 ısı ile inaktive edilmiş insan serumu ile inkübe edilir reseptörleri. Insan serumu, 1 saat boyunca 56 ° C&#39;de inkübe edilerek inaktive ısıdır. -20 ° C&#39;de dondurulur, küçük kısımlar ve mağaza, ısı ile inaktive edilmiş serum bölün. </li><li> Bir sw 4 ° C&#39;de 5 dakika boyunca 300 x g&#39;de santrifüj hücre süspansiyonuing-out rotor. </li><li> Pipetle Süpernatantı ve 1 ml PBSA&#39;da hücre pelet yıkayın. Santrifüj (4 ° C &#39;de 5 dakika süre ile 300 x g) tekrarlayın. </li><li> Buz üzerinde, her bir tüpe 100 ul PBSA ekleyin. Üreticinin tavsiyesine göre, florofor konjuge monoklonal antikorun uygun miktarda ekleme (örneğin, anti-CD20 20 ul ve / veya albümin 100 ul anti-CD2 antikorlarının 5 ul). Not: FACS analizi için yeterli kontrol tüpleri atamak unutmayın. Bu protokol, aşağıdaki kontroller dahil edilmelidir: ayrı ayrı anti-CD2 ve anti-CD20 antikorlar ile boyandı 1) hücreler, ek olarak bireysel olarak, anti-CD2 ve anti-CD20 izotip kontrol antikorları ve 3) hücreleri ile boyanmış 2) hücreleri Antikorların. </li><li> Kısaca tüp vorteks ve karanlıkta 4 ° C&#39;de 30 dakika inkübe edilir. </li><li> PBSA&#39;da 2 kez yıkayın. Örnekler 1,% PFA çözeltisi 2 ml ilave edilir. Hücreler 4 ° C&#39;de PFA çözeltide kalır edelim76; FACS analizi zaman kadar karanlıkta C. </li><li> Hemen FACS makinesinde örnekleri çalıştırmadan önce, (4 ° C&#39;de 5 dakika boyunca 300 x g), albümin ile hücreler 2 kez yıkayın. 1 ml PBS ile yeniden süspanse Numuneler akış sitometresi üzerinde ayırma, ışıktan korunan, 4 ° C&#39;de (ya da buz üzerinde) tutmak. </li><li> Üretici sitometresi akışından protokolü aşağıdaki FACS sıralama yapın. </li></ol> İzole Tonsil B ve T Lenfositlerindeki Adenovirüs DNA&#39;nın 5. PCR Algılama Not 1: adeno virüs hekson geni primerleri AdRJC1 (5&#39;-GACATGACTTTCGAGGTCGATCCCATGGA-3 &#39;) ve AdRJC2 (5&#39;-CCGGCTGAGAAGGGTGTGCGCAGGTA-3&#39;), 11. Bu primerler, 139 bp&#39;lik bir amplikon üretir. Ev sahibi 18S rRNA gen primerler tp206 (5&#39;-CCCCTCGATGCTCTTAGCTG-3 &#39;) ve tp207 (5&#39;-TCGTCTTCGAACCTCCGACT-3&#39;) ile tespit edilebilir. Beklenen Amplikon boyutu 300 bp olduğunu. Not 2: Her PCRÇalışma bir negatif kontrol (damıtılmış H2O) ve insan adenovirüs tip 5 12 ile enfekte edilmiş insan B hücre çizgisi (BJAB) elde edilen bir DNA pozitif kontrolü içerir. <ol><li> Silika membran bazlı kolon arıtma yöntemi kullanılarak (en az 1 x 10 6 hücre, adım 3.11) DNA ayıklayın. Fenol ve guanidin izotiyosiyanat çözeltisi 13 kullanarak, RNA yı ekstrakte edin. </li><li> 1x HF tamponu, deoksinükleotid trifosfat karışımı 0.2 mM (dNTP), 0.25, her bir primerden uM ve 20 ul bir toplam hacim içinde Yüksek Fidelity DNA polimeraz 1 U ihtiva eden bir reaksiyon karışımına, B ve T lenfositleri 100 ng DNA ekleyin. </li><li> Aşağıdaki çevrim koşulları altında PCR amplifikasyonu yapın: 10 sn, 67 ° C (hekson) ya da 58 ° C (18S rRNA) 30 sn için ve 72 ° C sıcaklıkta 98 ​​° C 30 döngü, ardından 98 ° C&#39;de 30 saniye denatürasyon, 30 sn. PCR reaksiyonu, 72 ° C&#39;de 7 dakikalık son bir uzatma aşaması ile sona erdirildi. </li><li> Elde edilen PCR amplif Ayrı1x TBE içinde% 1.5 agaroz jeli üzerinde ication ürünleri tampon ve nükleik asit boyası ile boyandı, beklenen şeritleri görselleştirmek. </li></ol>

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<li>Chomczynski, P., Sacchi, N. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=((Single-step+method+of+RNA+isolation+by+acid+guanidinium+thiocyanate-phenol-chloroform+extraction%5BTitle%5D)+AND+%22Anal.+biochem%22%5BJournal%5D)">Single-step method of RNA isolation by acid guanidinium thiocyanate-phenol-chloroform extraction.</a> Anal. biochem. 162, 156-159 (1987).</li>
<li>Watanabe, T., Yoshizaki, K., Yagura, T., Yamamura, Y. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=((In+vitro+antibody+formation+by+human+tonsil+lymphocytes%5BTitle%5D)+AND+%22J+Immunol%22%5BJournal%5D)">In vitro antibody formation by human tonsil lymphocytes.</a> J Immunol. 113, 608-616 (1974).</li>
</ol>

The authors have nothing to disclose.

Bu protokolün sonucunu etkileyen en önemli faktörlerden biri başlangıç ​​malzemesi olarak taze tonsil malzeme kullanılmasıdır. Bu nedenle, bademcik örnekleri ameliyat sonrası 3 saat içinde işlenmelidir. Bademcikler yetişkinler hem de çocuklar elde edilebilir. Çocuklar bademcik malzeme nedeniyle bademcik (tonsillotomy) kısmi cerrahi olarak çıkarılması genellikle küçüktür. Bu nedenle, çok uluslu sayısı az tonsillektomi örneklerinde (1 x 10 8 -2 x 10 9) karşılaştır...

Tonsils are collections of incompletely encapsulated lymphoid tissues that lie under, and in contact with, the epithelium in the upper aero-digestive tract. Usually the term &#8220;tonsils&#8221; refers to the palatine tonsils situated at the lateral walls of the oral part of the pharynx. The paired palatine tonsils together with the nasopharyngeal tonsil (adenoid), paired tubal tonsils and lingual tonsils constitute the so-called &#8220;Waldeyer&#180;s ring&#8221;. The latter is responsible for the initial contact between inhaled or ingested pathogens and the lymphoid tissues of the aerodigestive tract1,2. Indeed, numerous reports have shown that both bacterial and viral antigens can be detected in palatine tonsil tissue samples2-6.
The palatine tonsils are composed of dense lymphoid tissue covered by a stratified squamous non-keratinising epithelium. The tonsils have numerous crypts, epithelial invaginations, which penetrate the parenchyma increasing the surface area. Histologically, the palatine tonsils contain numerous lymphoid follicles with germinal centers, which are the sites for B cell maturation and differentiation (B-cell areas). Likewise, the palatine tonsils encompass T cells, which are mainly located in the extrafollicular regions (T-cell areas). In addition to the B and T cells, also various follicular dendritic cells can be detected in palatine tonsils1,2. 
Due to their anatomic location, the palatine tonsils are easily accessible by surgical interventions. For example, surgical removal of tonsils, known as tonsillectomy, is routinely carried out worldwide7. In children with tonsillar hyperplasia, a partial surgical removal of the tonsils (tonsillotomy) is sometimes used, causing less postoperative pain to the patients. Considering the accumulation of various pathogens in tonsils, surgically removed tonsils provide a unique opportunity to study the influence of viral and bacterial agents on tonsillar lymphocyte functions2,8. Furthermore it is possible to study if some pathogens prefer to reside in specific cell subpopulations9. In addition, as the tonsils are rich source of B lymphocytes, isolated tonsillar B lymphocytes can be efficiently used to study the activity of different B cell subpopulations10. However, as the palatine tonsils contain a mixture of cell types an efficient method to separate the different cell subpopulations is needed. 
Here, we describe a simple method for efficient and rapid isolation of tonsillar B and T cell populations from human palatine tonsils by using a magnetic-activated cell separation technique (Figure 1). The method described here is useful for scientists who want to assess the role of different infectious agents in human lymphoid organs such as palatine tonsils.

<table><tbody><tr><td>Hanks balanced salt solution (HBSS)&amp;nbsp;</td><td>Gibco</td><td>14175-053</td><td>Contains 5% fetal bovine serum (FBS), 10 mM Glutamine,&amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;0.05 mg/ml Gentamicin and 1% Antibiotic-Antimycotic mix</td></tr><tr><td>Freezing medium</td><td></td><td></td><td>90% FBS and 10% DMSO</td></tr><tr><td>MACS buffer</td><td></td><td></td><td>PBS (pH 7.2), 0.5% BSA and 2mM EDTA</td></tr><tr><td>PBSA&amp;nbsp;</td><td></td><td></td><td>PBS containing 0.2% BSA</td></tr><tr><td>PFA</td><td></td><td></td><td>PBS containing 1% paraformaldehyde (PFA). Make fresh. PFA is suspected carcinogen. Wear gloves and goggles.</td></tr><tr><td>Antibiotic-Antimycotic mix</td><td>Gibco</td><td>15240-062</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>60 mm Petridish</td><td>Nunc</td><td>150326</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Dissecting foreceps</td><td>Fisher Scientific</td><td>1381241</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Straight iris scissors&amp;nbsp;</td><td>Fisher Scientific</td><td>12912055</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>disposable scalpels</td><td>Swann-Morton</td><td>REF 0501</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>100 &amp;mu;m plastic cell strainer</td><td>Corning Life Sciences</td><td>352360</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>40 &amp;mu;m plastic cell strainers&amp;nbsp;</td><td>Corning Life Sciences</td><td>352340</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>2 ml plastic syringe</td><td>BD Biosciences&amp;nbsp;</td><td>300185</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>15 ml conical centrifuge tubes</td><td>SARSTEDT</td><td>62554502</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>50 ml conical centrifuge tubes</td><td>SARSTEDT</td><td>62547254</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Low-speed centrifuge with fixed-angle or swinging-bucket rotor</td><td>Thermo Scientific Heraeus Megafuge 16R</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Ficoll&amp;ndash;Hypaque</td><td>Sigma-Aldrich</td><td>F5415-50ML</td><td>Ficoll solution</td></tr><tr><td>Fetal calf serum</td><td>Biological industries</td><td>040071A</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO)</td><td>SIGMA</td><td>D2650-5X5ML</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>MACS MS columns&amp;nbsp;</td><td>Miltenyi Biotec</td><td>130-042-201</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>MACS human CD3 MicroBeads</td><td>Miltenyi Biotec</td><td>130-092-881</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>MACS separator (Octo MACS)</td><td>Miltenyi Biotec</td><td>130-042-109</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Bovine Serum Albumin (BSA)</td><td>Merck Millipore</td><td>1120180100</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>EDTA</td><td>AnalaR NORMAPUR</td><td>20302.293</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>CD2 conjugated to allophycocyanin (CD2-APC)&amp;nbsp;</td><td>BD Biosciences&amp;nbsp;</td><td>560642</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>CD20 conjugated to fluorescein isothiocyanate (CD20-FITC)&amp;nbsp;</td><td>BD Biosciences&amp;nbsp;</td><td>556632</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Human serum&amp;nbsp;</td><td>Rockland Immunochemicals</td><td>D119-0100</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Phusion High-Fidelity DNA Polymerase</td><td>Thermo Scientific</td><td>F-530L</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>FACS tubes</td><td>BD Falcon</td><td>352003</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Cryotube</td><td>SARSTEDT</td><td>72379</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>BD LSRII flowcytometer</td><td>BD Biosciences&amp;nbsp;</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>BD FACSDiva 4.1 software</td><td>BD Biosciences&amp;nbsp;</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Nucleospin Blood&amp;nbsp;</td><td>Macherey-Nagel</td><td>740951.50</td><td>DNA isolation kit</td></tr><tr><td>TRIzol&amp;nbsp; reagent</td><td>Life technologies</td><td>15596</td><td>RNA isolation reagent</td></tr><tr><td>Hemocytometer</td><td>The Paul Marienfeld GmbH &amp;amp; Co. KG</td><td>0610030</td><td>cell counter device</td></tr><tr><td>GelRed</td><td>Biotium</td><td>41003</td><td>Nucleic acid gel stain&amp;nbsp;</td></tr></tbody></table>

efficient isolation protocol for b and t lymphocytes from human palatine tonsils

Tonsils form a part of the immune system providing the first line of defense against inhaled pathogens. Usually the term &#8220;tonsils&#8221; refers to the palatine tonsils situated at the lateral walls of the oral part of the pharynx. Surgically removed palatine tonsils provide a convenient accessible source of B and T lymphocytes to study the interplay between foreign pathogens and the host immune system. This video protocol describes the dissection and processing of surgically removed human palatine tonsils, followed by the isolation of the individual B and T cell populations from the same tissue sample. We present a method, which efficiently separates tonsillar B and T lymphocytes using an antibody-dependent affinity protocol. Further, we use the method to demonstrate that human adenovirus infects specifically the tonsillar T cell fraction. The established protocol is generally applicable to efficiently and rapidly isolate tonsillar B and T cell populations to study the role of different types of pathogens in tonsillar immune responses.

B ve T lenfositlerinin yüksek oranda saflaştırılmış alt popülasyonlannda tonsil uluslu şirketlerin sonuçların verimli bir ayırma. Bu B ve T lemfosit popülasyonları sırasıyla (Şekil 3A) tespit etmek için bir anti-CD20 ve anti-CD2 antikorları kullanılarak FACS analizi ile teyit edilmiştir. Bunun aksine, B ve T lenfosit alt (Şekil 3B) hem de bir hücre karışımı hücre fraksiyonlarında uluslu şirketlerin sonuçların etkisiz bir ayrılması. <p class="jove_con...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Efficient Isolation Protocol for B and T Lymphocytes from Human Palatine Tonsils at JoVE.com

Efficient Isolation Protocol for B and T Lymphocytes from Human Palatine Tonsils

Palatine tonsils are a rich source of B and T lymphocytes. Here we provide an easy, efficient and rapid protocol to isolate B and T lymphocytes from human palatine tonsils. The method described has been specifically adapted for studies of the viral etiology of tonsil inflammation known as tonsillitis.

İnsan Palatine Bademcikler B ve T Lenfosit için Verimli İzolasyon Protokolü

Tonsils form a part of the immune system providing the first line of defense against inhaled pathogens. Usually the term &#8220;tonsils&#8221; refers to ...

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15.8K Görüntüleme.  Uppsala Biomedical Center, Uppsala University. Palatine tonsils are a rich source of B and T lymphocytes. Here we provide an easy, efficient and rapid protocol to isolate B and T lymphocytes from human palatine tonsils. The method described has been specifically adapted for studies of the viral etiology of tonsil inflammation known as tonsillitis.

Video: Efficient Isolation Protocol for B and T Lymphocytes from Human Palatine Tonsils

Human T Lymphocyte Isolation, Culture and Analysis of Migration In Vitro

The migration of T lymphocytes involves the adhesive interaction of cell surface integrins with ligands expressed on other cells or with extracellular matrix proteins. The precise spatiotemporal activation of integrins from a low affinity state to a high affinity state at the cell leading edge is important for T lymphocyte migration 1. Likewise, retraction of the cell trailing edge, or uropod, is a necessary step in maintaining persistent integrin-dependent T lymphocyte motility 2. Many therapeutic approaches to autoimmune or inflammatory diseases target integrins as a means to inhibit the excessive recruitment and migration of leukocytes 3. To study the molecular events that regulate human T lymphocyte migration, we have utilized an in vitro system to analyze cell migration on a two-dimensional substrate that mimics the environment that a T lymphocyte encounters during recruitment from the vasculature. T lymphocytes are first isolated from human donors and are then stimulated and cultured for seven to ten days. During the assay, T lymphocytes are allowed to adhere and migrate on a substrate coated with intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), a ligand for integrin LFA-1, and stromal cell-derived factor-1 (SDF-1). Our data show that T lymphocytes exhibit a migratory velocity of ~15 &mu;m/min. T lymphocyte migration can be inhibited by integrin blockade 1 or by inhibitors of the cellular actomyosin machinery that regulates cell migration 2.

Human T Lymphocyte Isolation, Culture and Analysis of Migration In Vitro

T lymphocyte migration occurs during homing to lymphoid organs, exit from the vasculature, and entering into peripheral tissues. Here, we describe a protocol that can be used to analyze T lymphocyte migration in vitro.

Göç İnsan T Lenfosit İzolasyon, Kültür ve Analiz In Vitro</em

The migration of T lymphocytes involves the adhesive interaction of cell surface integrins with ligands expressed on other cells or with extracellular ...

İmmünoloji ve Enfeksiyon

Mapping Genome-wide Accessible Chromatin in Primary Human T Lymphocytes by ATAC-Seq

Assay for Transposase-Accessible Chromatin with high-throughput sequencing (ATAC-seq) is a method used for the identification of open (accessible) regions of chromatin. These regions represent regulatory DNA elements (e.g., promoters, enhancers, locus control regions, insulators) to which transcription factors bind. Mapping the accessible chromatin landscape is a powerful approach for uncovering active regulatory elements across the genome. This information serves as an unbiased approach for discovering the network of relevant transcription factors and mechanisms of chromatin structure that govern gene expression programs. ATAC-seq is a robust and sensitive alternative to DNase I hypersensitivity analysis coupled with next-generation sequencing (DNase-seq) and formaldehyde-assisted isolation of regulatory elements (FAIRE-seq) for genome-wide analysis of chromatin accessibility and to the sequencing of micrococcal nuclease-sensitive sites (MNase-seq) to determine nucleosome positioning. We present a detailed ATAC-seq protocol optimized for human primary immune cells i.e. CD4+ lymphocytes (T helper 1 (Th1) and Th2 cells). This comprehensive protocol begins with cell harvest, then describes the molecular procedure of chromatin tagmentation, sample preparation for next-generation sequencing, and also includes methods and considerations for the computational analyses used to interpret the results. Moreover, to save time and money, we introduced quality control measures to assess the ATAC-seq library prior to sequencing. Importantly, the principles presented in this protocol allow its adaptation to other human immune and non-immune primary cells and cell lines. These guidelines will also be useful for laboratories which are not proficient with next-generation sequencing methods.

Assay for Transposase-Accessible Chromatin coupled with high-throughput sequencing (ATAC-seq) is a genome-wide method to uncover accessible chromatin. This is a step-by-step ATAC-seq protocol, from molecular to the final computational analysis, optimized for human lymphocytes (Th1/Th2). This protocol can be adopted by researchers without prior experience in next-generation sequencing methods.

Birincil insan T lenfositler tarafından ataç-Seq genom genelinde erişilebilir Kromatin eşleme

Assay for Transposase-Accessible Chromatin with high-throughput sequencing (ATAC-seq) is a method used for the identification of open (accessible) regions ...

Genetik

Isolation of CD4+ T cells from Mouse Lymph Nodes Using Miltenyi MACS Purification

Isolation of cells from the primary source is a necessary step in many more complex protocols. Miltenyi offers kits to isolate cells from several organisms including humans, non-human primates, rat and, as we describe here, mice. Magnetic bead-based cell separation allows for either positive selection (or cell depletion) as well as negative selection. Here, we demonstrate negative selection of untouched or na ve CD4+ helper T cells. Using this standard protocol we typically purify cells that are &#8805; 96% pure CD4+/CD3+. This protocol is used in conjunction with the protocol Dissection and 2-Photon Imaging of Peripheral Lymph Nodes in Mice published in issue 7 of JoVE, for purification of T cells and other cell types to adoptively transfer for imaging purposes. Although we did not demonstrate FACS analysis in this protocol video, it is highly recommended to check the overall purity of isolated cells using the appropriate antibodies via FACS. In addition, we demonstrate the non-sterile method of T cell isolation. If sterile cells are needed for your particular end-user application, be sure to do all of the demonstrated procedures in the tissue culture hood under standard sterile conditions. Thank you for watching and good luck with your own experiments!

Isolation of lymphocytes using the Miltenyi MACs kit is a reliable way to purify cells from whole lymphoid tissue homogenates. Cells purified using the Miltenyi system are typically &#8805; 96% pure. Here, we demonstrate the steps taken to isolate CD4+ T cells, one of the many kits offered by Miltenyi.

CD4 İzolasyon Miltenyi MACS Arıtma Fare lenf düğümleri + T hücreleri

Isolation of cells from the primary source is a necessary step in many more complex protocols. Miltenyi offers kits to isolate cells from several ...

Biyoloji

Unraveling Key Players of Humoral Immunity: Advanced and Optimized Lymphocyte Isolation Protocol from Murine Peyer's Patches

In the gut mucosa, immune cells constitute a unique immunological entity, which promotes immune tolerance while concurrently conferring immune defense against pathogens. It is well established that Peyer&#39;s patches (PPs) have an essential role in the mucosal immune network by hosting several effector T and B cell subsets. A certain fraction of these effector cells, follicular T helper (TFH) and germinal center (GC) B cells are professionalized in the regulation of humoral immunity. Hence, the characterization of these cell subsets within PPs in terms of their differentiation program and functional properties can provide important information about mucosal immunity. To this end, an easily applicable, efficient and reproducible method of lymphocyte isolation from PPs would be valuable to researchers. In this study, we aimed to generate an effective method to isolate lymphocytes from mouse PPs with high cell yield. Our approach revealed that initial tissue processing such as the use of digestive reagents and tissue agitation, as well as cell staining conditions and selection of antibody panels, have great influence on the quality and identity of the isolated lymphocytes and on experimental outcomes.
Here, we describe a protocol enabling researchers to efficiently isolate lymphocyte populations from PPs allowing reproducible flow cytometry-based assessment of T and B cell subsets primarily focusing on&#160;TFH and GC B cell subsets.

In this study, we present a novel and effective protocol for the isolation of lymphocytes from Peyer&#39;s Patches (PPs), which can be subsequently used for in vivo and in vitro functional assays as well as flow cytometric studies of follicular T helper and germinal center B cells.

Humoral bağışıklık çözülen anahtar oyuncular: gelişmiş ve lenfosit yalıtım antikorundan Peyer's yamalar iletişim kuralından en iyi duruma getirilmiş

In the gut mucosa, immune cells constitute a unique immunological entity, which promotes immune tolerance while concurrently conferring immune defense ...

Kanser Araştırmaları

Isolating Human Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells and CD4+ T cells from S&#233;zary Syndrome Patients for Transcriptomic Profiling

Cutaneous T-cell lymphomas (CTCL) are derived from the transformation and uncontrolled proliferation of mature skin-homing T cells, and mycosis fungoides (MF) and S&#233;zary syndrome (SS) represent the most common subtypes. Despite a number of studies on characterizing gene expression, genetic alterations, and epigenetic abnormalities of CTCL, the molecular pathogenesis of MF/SS remains unclear. MF refers to the more common CTCL with a skin-predominance, and is usually limited to skin, whereas&#160;SS is an aggressive leukemic variant of CTCL with widespread skin involvement and is characterized by neoplastic distribution mainly involving blood, skin, and lymph node. Focusing on clinical practice, the identification of gene expression biomarkers has&#160;enormous potential to improve diagnosis and treatment of MF/SS. Indeed, recent transcriptomic studies have identified potential diagnostic biomarkers from differences in gene expression between normal and malignant T cells, which may improve our understanding of SS biology, and reveal potential therapeutic targets. This manuscript describes a detailed reproducible protocol for the isolation of peripheral blood mononuclear cells from fresh whole blood from patients diagnosed with SS, selection of CD4+ memory T cells (CD4+CD45RO+ T cells), chemical stimulation, and preparation of RNA suitable for transcriptomic profiling to discover novel prognostic molecular markers to gain additional insight in disease etiology. The stimulation using chemical agonist to activate nuclear regulation provides more specific assessment for pathways important in the dynamic transcription regulation and gene expression and eliminates confounding defects that may arise from upstream signaling defects arising from TCR antigen loss at the cell membrane. The data obtained from comparison of transcriptome of unstimulated to stimulated SS T cells unmasks functional regulatory gene expression defects not evident from analysis of quiescent unstimulated cells. Furthermore, the method outlined from this approach can be adapted for studying T cell gene expression defects in other T cell immune diseases.

We present a simple protocol for the isolation of peripheral blood mononuclear cells from whole blood obtained from patients diagnosed with S&#233;zary Syndrome, followed by selection of CD4+ T cells, their stimulation with phorbol12-myristate13-acetate and A23187 ionophore, and preparation of RNA for transcriptomic profiling.

Transkriptomik Profilleme için İnsan Periferik Kan Mononükleer Hücrelerinin ve CD4 + T hücrelerinin Sézary Sendromu Hastalarından İzole Edilmesi

Cutaneous T-cell lymphomas (CTCL) are derived from the transformation and uncontrolled proliferation of mature skin-homing T cells, and mycosis fungoides ...

Isolation and Th17 Differentiation of Na&iuml;ve CD4 T Lymphocytes

Th17 cells are a distinct subset of T cells that have been found to produce interleukin 17 (IL-17), and differ in function from the other T cell subsets including Th1, Th2, and regulatory T cells. Th17 cells have emerged as a central culprit in overzealous inflammatory immune responses associated with many autoimmune disorders. In this method we purify T lymphocytes from the spleen and lymph nodes of C57BL/6 mice, and stimulate purified CD4+ T cells under control and Th17-inducing environments. The Th17-inducing environment includes stimulation in the presence of anti-CD3 and anti-CD28 antibodies, IL-6, and TGF-&#946;. After incubation for at least 72 hours and for up to five days at 37 &#176;C, cells are subsequently analyzed for the capability to produce IL-17 through flow cytometry, qPCR, and ELISAs. Th17 differentiated CD4+CD25- T cells can be utilized to further elucidate the role that Th17 cells play in the onset and progression of autoimmunity and host defense. Moreover, Th17 differentiation of CD4+CD25- lymphocytes from distinct murine knockout/disease models can contribute to our understanding of cell fate plasticity.

Isolation and Th17 Differentiation of Na&#239;ve CD4 T Lymphocytes

With effector functions distinct from other T cell subsets, Th17 cells have been centrally implicated in inflammatory autoimmunity. This in vitro Th17 differentiation protocol provides a means to determine whether na&#239;ve CD4+ T lymphocytes can differentiate into Th17 cells, and to further examine their role in autoimmunity and host response.

İzolasyon ve naif CD4 T Lenfositler Th17 Farklılaşma

Th17 cells are a distinct subset of T cells that have been found to produce interleukin 17 (IL-17), and differ in function from the other T cell subsets ...

Isolation of Myeloid Dendritic Cells and Epithelial Cells from Human Thymus

In this protocol we provide a method to isolate dendritic cells (DC) and epithelial cells (TEC) from the human thymus. DC and TEC are the major antigen presenting cell (APC) types found in a normal thymus and it is well established that they play distinct roles during thymic selection. These cells are localized in distinct microenvironments in the thymus and each APC type makes up only a minor population of cells. To further understand the biology of these cell types, characterization of these cell populations is highly desirable but due to their low frequency, isolation of any of these cell types requires an efficient and reproducible procedure. This protocol details a method to obtain cells suitable for characterization of diverse cellular properties. Thymic tissue is mechanically disrupted and after different steps of enzymatic digestion, the resulting cell suspension is enriched using a Percoll density centrifugation step. For isolation of myeloid DC (CD11c+), cells from the low-density fraction (LDF) are immunoselected by magnetic cell sorting. Enrichment of TEC populations (mTEC, cTEC) is achieved by depletion of hematopoietic (CD45hi) cells from the low-density Percoll cell fraction allowing their subsequent isolation via fluorescence activated cell sorting (FACS) using specific cell markers. The isolated cells can be used for different downstream applications.

This protocol details a method to isolate antigen presenting cells from human thymus via different steps of enzymatic digestion of the tissue followed by density centrifugation of the single cell suspension and finally magnetic and/or FACS sorting of the cell populations of interest.

İnsan Thymus ile myeloid dendritik hücreleri ve epitel hücreleri İzolasyonu

In this protocol we provide a method to isolate dendritic cells (DC) and epithelial cells (TEC) from the human thymus. DC and TEC are the major antigen ...

Isolation and Activation of Murine Lymphocytes

B and T cells, with their extremely diverse antigen-receptor repertoires, have the ability to mount specific immune responses against almost any invading pathogen1,2. Understandably, such intricate abilities are controlled by a large number of molecules involved in various cellular processes to ensure timely and spatially regulated immune responses3. Here, we describe experimental procedures that allow rapid isolation of highly purified murine lymphocytes using magnetic cell sorting technology. The resulting purified lymphocytes can then be subjected to various in vitro or in vivo functional assays, such as the determination of lymphocyte signaling capacity upon stimulation by immunoblotting4 and the investigation of proliferative abilities by 3H-thymidine incorporation or carboxyfluorescein diacetate succinimidyl ester (CFSE) labeling5-7. In addition to comparing the functional capacities of control and genetically modified lymphocytes, we can also determine the T cell stimulatory capacity of antigen-presenting cells (APCs) in vivo, as shown in our representative results using transplanted CFSE-labeled OT-I T cells.

Lymphocytes are the major players in adaptive immune responses. Here, we present a lymphocyte purification protocol to determine the physiological functions of the desired molecules in lymphocyte activation in vitro and in vivo. The described experimental procedures are suitable for comparing functional capacities between control and genetically modified lymphocytes.

İzolasyon ve murin lenfositlerin aktivasyonu

B and T cells, with their extremely diverse antigen-receptor repertoires, have the ability to mount specific immune responses against almost any invading ...

Isolating Lymphocytes from the Mouse Small Intestinal Immune System

The intestinal immune system plays an essential role in maintaining the barrier function of the gastrointestinal tract by generating tolerant responses to dietary antigens and commensal bacteria while mounting effective immune responses to enteropathogenic microbes. In addition, it has become clear that local intestinal immunity has a profound impact on distant and systemic immunity. Therefore, it is important to study how an intestinal immune response is induced and what the immunologic outcome of the response is. Here, a detailed protocol is described for the isolation of lymphocytes from small intestine inductive sites like the gut-associated lymphoid tissue Peyer&#39;s patches and the draining mesenteric lymph nodes and effector sites like the lamina propria and the intestinal epithelium. This technique ensures isolation of a large numbers of lymphocytes from small intestinal tissues with optimal purity and viability and minimal cross compartmental contamination within acceptable time constraints. The technical capability to isolate lymphocytes and other immune cells from intestinal tissues enables the understanding of immune responses to gastrointestinal infections, cancers, and inflammatory diseases.

Here we describe a detailed protocol for the isolation of lymphocytes from the inductive sites including the gut-associated lymphoid tissue Peyer&#39;s patches and the draining mesenteric lymph nodes, and the effector sites including the lamina propria and the intestinal epithelium of the small intestinal immune system.

Lenfositler fare küçük bağırsak bağışıklık sistemi yalıtma

The intestinal immune system plays an essential role in maintaining the barrier function of the gastrointestinal tract by generating tolerant responses to ...

Isolation of Tonsillar Mononuclear Cells to Study Ex Vivo Innate Immune Responses in a Human Mucosal Lymphoid Tissue

Studying isolated cells from mucosa-associated lymphoid tissues (MALT) allows understanding of immune cells response in pathologies involving mucosal immunity, because they can model host-pathogen interactions in the tissue. While isolated cells derived from tissues were the first cell culture model, their use has been neglected because tissue can be hard to obtain. In the present protocol, we explain how to easily process and culture tonsillar mononuclear cells (TMCs) from healthy human tonsils to study innate immune responses upon activation, mimicking viral infection in mucosal tissues. Isolation of TMCs from the tonsils is quick, because the tonsils barely have any epithelium and yield up to billions of all major immune cell types. This method allows detection of cytokine production using several techniques, including immunoassays, qPCR, microscopy, flow cytometry, etc., similar to the use of peripheral mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from blood. Furthermore, TMCs show a higher sensitivity to drug testing than PBMCs, which needs to be considered for future toxicity assays. Thus, ex vivo TMCs cultures are an easy and accessible mucosal model.

In the present protocol, we explain how to easily process and culture tonsillar mononuclear cells from healthy humans undergoing partial surgical tonsillectomy to study innate immune responses upon activation, mimicking viral infection in mucosal tissues.

Bademcikler Mononükleer Hücrelerin İzolasyon Ex Vivo Doğuştan Gelen Bağışıklık Yanıtları Bir İnsan Mukozal Lenfoid Doku Çalışma

Studying isolated cells from mucosa-associated lymphoid tissues (MALT) allows understanding of immune cells response in pathologies involving mucosal ...