This work was supported by the Swedish Cancer Society (11 0253, 13 0469), the Swedish Research Council (K2012-99X-21959-01-3), Marcus Borgstr&#246;ms Foundation and the Swedish Research Council through a grant to the Uppsala RNA Research Centre (2006-5038-36531-16). We are indebted to the BioVis core facility at Uppsala University for much help with the FACS analysis.

이 프로토콜은 인간의 환자 물질로부터 림프 세포의 분리를 설명하고, 따라서 윤리적 승인을 필요로한다. 본 연구에서 수행 된 작업은 웁살라 윤리 심의위원회 (DNR. 387분의 2,013)에 의해 부여했다. 인간 팔라티노 편도선에서 단핵 세포 (다국적 기업) 1. 분리 주의 : 혈액, 조직 또는 체액과 같은 인간 기원의 모든 차폐 재료는 잠재적 감염 물질로 간주되어야한다. 따라서, 인간의 조직을 처리하기위한 권장 바이오 안전성 관행에 따라야한다. 참고 : 오염을 방지하기 위해 모든 솔루션 및 세포 배양 장비는 멸균해야합니다. 모든 버퍼와 솔루션은 사전 냉각 얼음에 보관해야합니다. 편도 조직과 분리 된 세포는 보관하고 얼음에 처리되어야한다. <ol><li> 편도 또는 tonsillotomy (그림 2)을받은 환자에서 신선한 편도선을 얻습니다. 조직 clum 플 런지5 % 소 태아 혈청 (FBS), 10 mM의 글루타민, 0.05 밀리그램 / 젠타 마이신 및 1 % 항생제 - 안티 곰팡이 믹스 ㎖ (페니실린 빙냉 멸균 된 행크스 평형 염 용액 (HBSS)으로 가득 50 ㎖ 원심 분리 관에 추신 스트렙토 마이신 및 암포 테리 신 B). </li><li> 얼음에 항상 잠겨 편도 조직 샘플 튜브를 유지한다. 가능한 빨리 편도선을 처리하려고없고 나중에 제거 수술 후 3 시간 이상. </li><li> 얼음에 60mm 플라스틱 세포 배양 접시에 편도선을 놓고 HBSS에 적신 조직을 유지. 편도선 표면에서 깨끗한 집게로 볼 혈전, 지방과 결합 조직을 제거합니다. </li><li> 5 ㎖의 HBSS를 함유하는 새로운 60mm 세포 배양 플레이트를 사용한다. 가위 및 / 또는 메스의 멸균 쌍을 사용하여 3~10mm의 조각으로 편도선 조직 덩어리를 잘라. </li><li> HBSS 10 ㎖를 함유하는 새로운 60mm 세포 배양 플레이트를 준비하고, HBSS 용액에 100㎛의 플라스틱 셀 스트레이너를 배치했다. </li><li> DISS 이동멸균 집게와 셀 스트레이너에 반사된다 편도 조각. 플라스틱 주사기의 플런저의 단부를 사용하여 부드럽게 셀 스트레이너를 통하여 상기 조직 절편을 짠다. 편도 조각이 완전히 HBSS에 몰입되어 있는지 확인합니다. </li><li> 티슈 남아있는 셀 스트레이너를 폐기하고 50 ㎖ 플라스틱 원심 분리 튜브에 세포를 60mm 배양 접시에서 얻어진 세포 현탁액을 전송. 단계 1.8 및 1.9를 진행하는 동안 얼음에 튜브를 남겨주세요. </li><li> 편도선 큰 경우, 크기가보다 큰 2cm (도 2), 스트레이너 메쉬에서의 막힘을 방지하기 위해 두 개의 셀 스트레이너에 편도선 단편을 짠다. </li><li> 세포 현탁액 35 ml를 최종 부피를 얻었다. 주 :이 단계에서 그것은 동결 보존 (섹션 2 참조) 세포 현탁액을 제조 할 수있다. </li><li> 새로운 50 ㎖ 원심 분리 튜브에 피콜 같은 밀도 구배 용액 10 ㎖를 추가한다. 조심스럽게 세포 suspens 오버레이이온 밀도 구배 용액의 상단에 (단계 1.9). 세포 현탁액 및 밀도 구배 용액의 혼합을 피한다. 주 : 밀도 구배 용액을 RT로 가온되어야한다. </li><li> 실온에서 20 분 동안 700 XG에서 스윙 아웃 로터의 세포 현탁액을 원심 분리기. 그라데이션을 방해 할 수 있습니다 빠른 제동과 원심 분리기에 브레이크 기능을 활성화하지 마십시오. 또한, 원심 분리기에서 사용할 수있는 가장 낮은 가속 기능을 사용합니다. 주 :이 원심 분리 단계 이후에, 상기 튜브의 하단에 퇴적물로서 계면에서 무성 백색 층, 및 적혈구, 섬유 아세포와 같은 세포 파편 다국적 관찰. </li><li> 조심스럽게 10 ㎖ 피펫을 사용하여 다국적 층을 수집한다. 새로운 50 ML의 원심 분리기 튜브에 세포 현탁액을 놓습니다. </li><li> 세포 현탁액에 얼음처럼 차가운 PBS의 25 ML을 추가하고 4 ℃에서 스윙 아웃 회에서 5 분 동안 300 XG에 튜브를 회전. </li><li> 25 ML의 피펫을 이용하여 상층 액을 제거세포 펠렛 세척 단계를 두 번 더 반복한다. 마지막으로 15 ml의 PBS에서 세포 펠렛을 재현 탁. 주 : 최종 세척 단계 후에, 세포 현탁액을 (섹션 2 참조) cryopreserve하는 것이 가능하다. </li><li> 혈구 세포 계수 챔버에 세포 현탁액 10 μL를 적용하고 현미경으로 세포 수를 계산. 세포의 적절한 양을 분배 (예, 2-3 X 107) 이후의 자성 비드의 분리를 위해 15 ml의 원심 분리 튜브에. 단계 3.2까지 얼음이 나누어 보관하십시오. </li></ol> 편도 세포의 2. 냉동 보존 <ol><li> 냉동 매체 (90 % FBS 10 % DMSO)를 준비하고 얼음에 보관하십시오. 장기간 저장을 위해 -20 ℃에서 냉동 보관 매체. </li><li> 혈구 세포 계수 챔버 (단계 1.15)를 이용하여 세포의 수를 결정한다. 냉동 원하는 세포 밀도에 따른 동결 배지의 요구량을 계산한다 (예를 들어, 107 셀S 동결 배지 / ㎖). </li><li> 5 분 동안 300 XG에 세포 현탁액을 원심 분리기. 세포 펠렛을 방해하지 않고 상등액을 경사 분리하고 (단계 2.1) 빙냉 동결 배지에서 세포 펠렛을 재현 탁. </li><li> 액체 질소에 장기 저장을 위해 설계 멸균 바이알에 세포 현탁액을 1 ml의 분취 량을 분배. 이소프로판올 실에서 튜브를 동결 및 -80 ° CO / N에 저장합니다. 장기 보존을위한 저장 탱크 또는 -140 ° C 세포를 함유하는 냉동 액체 질소로 튜브를 옮긴다. </li><li> 냉동 세포와 튜브를 해동, 37 ° C의 물을 욕조에 빠르게 그들을 따뜻하게. 해동시 바로, (보충제 단계 1.1) 예열 된 HBSS 10 ㎖에 균체 현탁액을 분산 15ml를 원심 분리 관에. (단계 1.1, 보충제), 5 분 동안 300 XG에 스핀 HBSS 튜브를 제거하고 HBSS에서 원하는 세포 밀도에서 세포 펠렛을 재현 탁. 참고 : 다국적 기업의 AF의 가능성을터 해동은 사균의 존재 정제 된 B 및 T 림프구의 최종 수율이 감소하기 때문에, 중요하다. 주 : 세포 분리 효율을 감소시킬 것이다 세포 생존율이 80 % 이하 후 경험하는 방법. </li></ol> 편도 다국적 기업에서 T 림프구 인구 3. 긍정적 인 선택 주 1 :이 프로토콜은 CD3 항체에 결합 된 자성 비드를 이용하여 편도 다국적로부터 인간 CD3 + T 림프구의 포지티브 선택에 기초한다. 그것은 신선한 (1 절) 또는 냉동 (제 2) 다국적 기업에서이 부분을 시작하는 것이 가능하다. 주 2 : 3 × 10 7 다국적 기업과 함께 시작합니다. 분리 컬럼은 막힐 수 있고, 이는 분리 효율을 줄일 수 있기 때문에,이 세포의 수를 초과하지 않는다. 이상의 셀이 처리 될 경우 더 큰 열을 사용합니다. 이 프로토콜에서 사용되는 양을 실험적 우리 세포의 수에 대해 최적화 된우리의 실험 설정에서 에드. <ol><li> 분리 완충액 [PBS (PH 7.2), 0.5 % 소 혈청 알부민 (BSA) 및 2 mM EDTA]를 준비한다. 4 ° C에서 0.45 μm의 필터와 저장소를 통해 분리 버퍼를 필터링합니다. </li><li> 4 ℃에서 5 분 동안 300 XG에 다국적 기업 서스펜션 (단계 1.14)를 스핀. 빙냉 분리 완충액 240 μL로 얻어진 세포 펠렛 (107 세포 당 80 μL)을 재현 탁. 멸균 2 ML 튜브에 세포 현탁액을 전송합니다. </li><li> 셀 솔루션 CD3 자기 항체의 20 μl를 추가합니다. 서스펜션에 세포를 유지하기 위해 지속적으로 부드러운 혼합하여 4 ℃에서 1 시간 동안 튜브를 품어. </li><li> 세포를 세척하기 위해 5 ㎖ 빙냉 분리 완충액을 함유하는 15 ㎖의 튜브에 세포 현탁액을 모두 전송할. </li><li> 스윙 아웃 회에서 4 ° C에서 10 분 동안 300 XG에 튜브를 원심 분리기. </li><li> 한편 자기 분리기 및 열을 설정합니다. 스탠드에 자기 분리기를 부착하고 separ에 열을 배치ATOR. 빙냉 분리 완충액 500 μL를 적용하여 컬럼을 세척 하였다. 을 통해 흐름을 폐기하십시오. </li><li> 열 아래에 새 15 ml의 수집 튜브를 놓습니다. 얼음에 포집 관을 유지합니다. </li><li> 피펫으로 상층 액 (단계 3.5)을 폐기하고 부드럽게 500 μL 분리 버퍼에서 세포 펠렛을 재현 탁. 사전 세척 칼럼의 상단에있는 세포 현탁액을 적용하고 그것을 통해 실행하자. 주 : 세포 덩어리가 열을 막히게함으로써 유량을 감소시킬 수있다. 이 문제를 방지하기 위하여, 컬럼의 상단에 40 μm의 플라스틱 셀 스트레이너를 배치했다. 이 메쉬를 통해 셀을 통과하는 고도로이 방법의 효율성을 향상시킬 것이다. </li><li> 분리 버퍼의 1.5 ㎖ (10 7 세포 500 μL)으로 열을 4 회 반복한다. 다음 세척 단계를 적용하기 전에 (어떤 액체가 열에서 관찰 될 수 없습니다) 비어있는 열 저장 기다립니다. 주 : B 림프구 분획으로서 간주 CD3 표지 된 세포를 얻는, 그들이 그대로포집 관에 용출. </li><li> 새로운 15 ml의 수집 관에 분리 및 장소에서 열을 제거합니다. 피펫 컬럼 상 분리 완충액 2 ㎖. T 림프구의 비율로 간주된다 긍정적 선택된 T 림프구를 용출 컬럼 공급 플런저 사용. </li><li> 정제 세포 (단계 1.15) 필요한 경우의 수를 결정합니다. 세포 현탁액은 지금 하류 실험에 대한 준비가되어 있습니다. </li></ol> 절연 4. 유동 세포 계측법 분석 편도 B와 T 림프구 주의 : 파라 포름 알데히드 용액을 자극 의심되는 발암 물질이다. 적절한 보호 복, 보호 장갑과 눈 / 안면 보호구를 착용 할 것. 주 1 :이 프로토콜은 (FACS) 분석 정리 형광 활성화 된 세포에 의해 격리 된 B 및 T 세포의 염색을위한 직접적인 방법을 설명한다. 이 단계의 주요 목적은 인구 AF를 격리 세포의 순도를 평가하는 것이다터 CD3 자기 항체 분리. 이 목적을 확립 B 및 T 세포 마커에 대해 형광 공역 모노클로 날 항체 및 CD20-FITC CD2-APC가 사용된다. 또한 이소 제어 항체 포함 높게 CD2 및 CD20 항체 (단계 4.8 참조)의 결합 비특이적 &quot;배경&quot;을 구별 할 것을 권장한다. 2 주 : 염색 할 때까지 4 ° C에서 1 % 파라 포름 알데히드에 어둠 속에서 (PFA) 솔루션을 정제 된 세포 분획을 유지할 수있다 (예를 들면, 다음 날.). 염색 및 FACS 분석 간의 시간 간격이있는 경우에도 동일한 방법을 적용한다. 두 경우 모두에서 세포가 PBSA 염색 또는 FACS 분석하기 전에 버퍼 (PBS가 0.2 % BSA를 포함) 제대로 세척해야 함을 기억하십시오. <ol><li> 단계 3.10에서 단계 3.9와 T 림프구 분획에서, B 림프구 분율 (이전 컬럼에 적용하기) 단계 1.15에서 다국적 기업의 6 × 10 6 세포를 꺼내. </li><li> 세포를 스핀스윙 아웃 로터를 사용하여 4 ℃에서 5 분 300 XG에 현탁액. </li><li> 피펫으로 상층 액을 제거하고 얼음 - 냉각 PBSA 1 ㎖로 한번 세포 펠렛을 세척 하였다. 4 ℃에서 5 분 동안 300 XG에 세포 현탁액을 스핀. 피펫으로 상층 액을 제거하고를 재현 탁 얼음처럼 차가운 PBSA 버퍼 600 μL 세포. </li><li> FACS 튜브의 바닥에 세포 현탁액 100 ㎕를 추가한다. </li><li> PBS는 각 튜브에 10 %의 열 불 활성화 된 인간 혈청을 포함하는 100 μl를 추가, 잘 섞어 ~ 실온에서 1 분 또는 얼음에 20 분 동안 품어. 참고 : B 림프구가 된 Fc 수용체를 실시한다. 된 Fc를 차단하기 위해 정제 된 세포 분획을 10 % 열 불 활성화 인간 혈청과 함께 인큐베이션 수용체. 인간 혈청을 1 시간 동안 56 ℃에서 배양함으로써 열 불 활성화이다. -20 ℃에서 냉동 작은 분량 씩 저장에 열 불 활성화 혈청을 나눈다. </li><li> 자상 한 4 ℃에서 5 분 동안 300 XG에 세포 현탁액을 원심 분리기보내고 아웃 로터. </li><li> 피펫으로 상층 액을 제거하고 1 ml의 PBSA와 세포 펠렛을 씻는다. 원심 분리 (4 ℃에서 5 분 300 XG)를 반복합니다. </li><li> 얼음에 각각의 튜브에 100 μL PBSA를 추가합니다. 제조자의 권고에 따라, 형광 공역 단클론 항체의 적절한 양을 추가 (예컨대, 항 -CD20 20 μL 및 / 또는 PBSA 100 ㎕의 항 - CD2 항체의 5 μL). 참고 : FACS 분석을위한 충분한 제어 튜브를 할당하는 것을 잊지 마십시오. 이 프로토콜에서 다음 컨트롤 포함한다 : 개별적 안티 CD2 및 항 CD20 항체로 염색 1) 세포를 첨가하지 않은 개별 안티 CD2 및 항 CD20 아이소 타입 컨트롤 항체 및, 3) 세포 염색 2) 세포 항체. </li><li> 간단히 튜브 와동과 어둠 속에서 4 ° C에서 30 분 동안 품어. </li><li> PBSA와 함께하는 과정을 2 회 반복한다. 샘플 1 % PFA 용액 2 ㎖를 추가합니다. 셀 4에서 PFA 용액에 남아 있도록76; FACS 분석시까지 어두운 C. </li><li> 즉시 외과 기계에서 샘플을 실행하기 전에, (4 ℃에서 5 분 동안 300 XG)를 PBSA와 셀을 2 회 반복한다. 1 ㎖의 PBS와에 재현 탁 샘플은 이전의 흐름 cytometer의 분리, 빛으로부터 보호, 4 ° C (또는 얼음)하시오. </li><li> 제조업체 흐름 cytometer에서 프로토콜 다음 FACS 정렬 작업을 수행합니다. </li></ol> 고립 된 편도 B와 T 림프구에서 아데노 바이러스의 DNA 5. PCR 검출 주 1 : 아데노 hexon 유전자 AdRJC1 프라이머 (5&#39;-GACATGACTTTCGAGGTCGATCCCATGGA-3 &#39;)이고 AdRJC2 (5&#39;-CCGGCTGAGAAGGGTGTGCGCAGGTA-3&#39;) 11. 이 프라이머는 139 BP의 증폭 물을 생성한다. 호스트 18S rRNA 유전자는 프라이머 tp206 (5&#39;-CCCCTCGATGCTCTTAGCTG-3 &#39;) 및 tp207 (5&#39;-TCGTCTTCGAACCTCCGACT-3&#39;)로 검출 할 수있다. 예상 amplicon의 크기는 300 BP이다. 주 2 : 모든 PCR실행은 음성 대조군 (증류수 H 2 O) 및 인간 아데노 바이러스 5 형 (12)에 감염된 인간 B 세포주 (BJAB)로부터 얻어지는 포지티브 컨트롤 DNA를 포함한다. <ol><li> 실리카 막 기반 열 정화 방법을 사용하여 (최소 1 × 10 6 세포 단계 3.11에서) DNA를 추출합니다. 페놀 및 구아니딘 이소 티오 시아 네이트 솔루션 (13)를 사용하여 RNA를 추출합니다. </li><li> 1X HF 완충액, 데 옥시 뉴클레오티드 트리 포스페이트 믹스 0.2 밀리미터 (의 dNTP), 0.25 각 프라이머 μM 및 20 ㎕의 총 부피에서 고성능 DNA 중합 효소 1 U를 함유하는 반응 혼합물 B 및 T 림프구로부터 100ng의 DNA를 추가한다. </li><li> 다음 사이클의 조건에서 PCR 증폭을 수행 10 초, 67 ° C (hexon) 또는 58 ° C (18S rRNA의) 30 초 72 ° C 98 ° C의 30주기 다음 98 ℃에서 30 초 변성, 30 초 동안. PCR 반응은 72 ℃에서 7 분의 최종 신장 단계를 종료 하였다. </li><li> 결과의 PCR 충전 앰프를 분리1X TBE에서 1.5 % 아가 로스 겔상에서 주시죠 제품 버퍼 핵산 염색으로 염색하여 예상 밴드를 시각화. </li></ol>

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The authors have nothing to disclose.

이 프로토콜의 결과에 영향을 미치는 가장 중요한 인자 중의 하나는 출발 물질로서 신선한 편도 물질의 사용이다. 따라서, 편도선 샘플은 수술 후 3 시간 이내에 처리해야한다. 편도선은 어른과 어린이 모두에서 얻을 수있다. 어린이에서 편도 물질로 인해 편도선 (tonsillotomy)의 부분 제거 수술에 일반적으로 작다. 따라서, 다국적의 수가 적은 편도선 샘플 (1 × 10 8 -2 × 109)과 비교된?...

Tonsils are collections of incompletely encapsulated lymphoid tissues that lie under, and in contact with, the epithelium in the upper aero-digestive tract. Usually the term &#8220;tonsils&#8221; refers to the palatine tonsils situated at the lateral walls of the oral part of the pharynx. The paired palatine tonsils together with the nasopharyngeal tonsil (adenoid), paired tubal tonsils and lingual tonsils constitute the so-called &#8220;Waldeyer&#180;s ring&#8221;. The latter is responsible for the initial contact between inhaled or ingested pathogens and the lymphoid tissues of the aerodigestive tract1,2. Indeed, numerous reports have shown that both bacterial and viral antigens can be detected in palatine tonsil tissue samples2-6.
The palatine tonsils are composed of dense lymphoid tissue covered by a stratified squamous non-keratinising epithelium. The tonsils have numerous crypts, epithelial invaginations, which penetrate the parenchyma increasing the surface area. Histologically, the palatine tonsils contain numerous lymphoid follicles with germinal centers, which are the sites for B cell maturation and differentiation (B-cell areas). Likewise, the palatine tonsils encompass T cells, which are mainly located in the extrafollicular regions (T-cell areas). In addition to the B and T cells, also various follicular dendritic cells can be detected in palatine tonsils1,2. 
Due to their anatomic location, the palatine tonsils are easily accessible by surgical interventions. For example, surgical removal of tonsils, known as tonsillectomy, is routinely carried out worldwide7. In children with tonsillar hyperplasia, a partial surgical removal of the tonsils (tonsillotomy) is sometimes used, causing less postoperative pain to the patients. Considering the accumulation of various pathogens in tonsils, surgically removed tonsils provide a unique opportunity to study the influence of viral and bacterial agents on tonsillar lymphocyte functions2,8. Furthermore it is possible to study if some pathogens prefer to reside in specific cell subpopulations9. In addition, as the tonsils are rich source of B lymphocytes, isolated tonsillar B lymphocytes can be efficiently used to study the activity of different B cell subpopulations10. However, as the palatine tonsils contain a mixture of cell types an efficient method to separate the different cell subpopulations is needed. 
Here, we describe a simple method for efficient and rapid isolation of tonsillar B and T cell populations from human palatine tonsils by using a magnetic-activated cell separation technique (Figure 1). The method described here is useful for scientists who want to assess the role of different infectious agents in human lymphoid organs such as palatine tonsils.

<table><tbody><tr><td>Hanks balanced salt solution (HBSS)&amp;nbsp;</td><td>Gibco</td><td>14175-053</td><td>Contains 5% fetal bovine serum (FBS), 10 mM Glutamine,&amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;0.05 mg/ml Gentamicin and 1% Antibiotic-Antimycotic mix</td></tr><tr><td>Freezing medium</td><td></td><td></td><td>90% FBS and 10% DMSO</td></tr><tr><td>MACS buffer</td><td></td><td></td><td>PBS (pH 7.2), 0.5% BSA and 2mM EDTA</td></tr><tr><td>PBSA&amp;nbsp;</td><td></td><td></td><td>PBS containing 0.2% BSA</td></tr><tr><td>PFA</td><td></td><td></td><td>PBS containing 1% paraformaldehyde (PFA). Make fresh. PFA is suspected carcinogen. Wear gloves and goggles.</td></tr><tr><td>Antibiotic-Antimycotic mix</td><td>Gibco</td><td>15240-062</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>60 mm Petridish</td><td>Nunc</td><td>150326</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Dissecting foreceps</td><td>Fisher Scientific</td><td>1381241</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Straight iris scissors&amp;nbsp;</td><td>Fisher Scientific</td><td>12912055</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>disposable scalpels</td><td>Swann-Morton</td><td>REF 0501</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>100 &amp;mu;m plastic cell strainer</td><td>Corning Life Sciences</td><td>352360</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>40 &amp;mu;m plastic cell strainers&amp;nbsp;</td><td>Corning Life Sciences</td><td>352340</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>2 ml plastic syringe</td><td>BD Biosciences&amp;nbsp;</td><td>300185</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>15 ml conical centrifuge tubes</td><td>SARSTEDT</td><td>62554502</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>50 ml conical centrifuge tubes</td><td>SARSTEDT</td><td>62547254</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Low-speed centrifuge with fixed-angle or swinging-bucket rotor</td><td>Thermo Scientific Heraeus Megafuge 16R</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Ficoll&amp;ndash;Hypaque</td><td>Sigma-Aldrich</td><td>F5415-50ML</td><td>Ficoll solution</td></tr><tr><td>Fetal calf serum</td><td>Biological industries</td><td>040071A</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO)</td><td>SIGMA</td><td>D2650-5X5ML</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>MACS MS columns&amp;nbsp;</td><td>Miltenyi Biotec</td><td>130-042-201</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>MACS human CD3 MicroBeads</td><td>Miltenyi Biotec</td><td>130-092-881</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>MACS separator (Octo MACS)</td><td>Miltenyi Biotec</td><td>130-042-109</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Bovine Serum Albumin (BSA)</td><td>Merck Millipore</td><td>1120180100</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>EDTA</td><td>AnalaR NORMAPUR</td><td>20302.293</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>CD2 conjugated to allophycocyanin (CD2-APC)&amp;nbsp;</td><td>BD Biosciences&amp;nbsp;</td><td>560642</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>CD20 conjugated to fluorescein isothiocyanate (CD20-FITC)&amp;nbsp;</td><td>BD Biosciences&amp;nbsp;</td><td>556632</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Human serum&amp;nbsp;</td><td>Rockland Immunochemicals</td><td>D119-0100</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Phusion High-Fidelity DNA Polymerase</td><td>Thermo Scientific</td><td>F-530L</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>FACS tubes</td><td>BD Falcon</td><td>352003</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Cryotube</td><td>SARSTEDT</td><td>72379</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>BD LSRII flowcytometer</td><td>BD Biosciences&amp;nbsp;</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>BD FACSDiva 4.1 software</td><td>BD Biosciences&amp;nbsp;</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Nucleospin Blood&amp;nbsp;</td><td>Macherey-Nagel</td><td>740951.50</td><td>DNA isolation kit</td></tr><tr><td>TRIzol&amp;nbsp; reagent</td><td>Life technologies</td><td>15596</td><td>RNA isolation reagent</td></tr><tr><td>Hemocytometer</td><td>The Paul Marienfeld GmbH &amp;amp; Co. KG</td><td>0610030</td><td>cell counter device</td></tr><tr><td>GelRed</td><td>Biotium</td><td>41003</td><td>Nucleic acid gel stain&amp;nbsp;</td></tr></tbody></table>

efficient isolation protocol for b and t lymphocytes from human palatine tonsils

Tonsils form a part of the immune system providing the first line of defense against inhaled pathogens. Usually the term &#8220;tonsils&#8221; refers to the palatine tonsils situated at the lateral walls of the oral part of the pharynx. Surgically removed palatine tonsils provide a convenient accessible source of B and T lymphocytes to study the interplay between foreign pathogens and the host immune system. This video protocol describes the dissection and processing of surgically removed human palatine tonsils, followed by the isolation of the individual B and T cell populations from the same tissue sample. We present a method, which efficiently separates tonsillar B and T lymphocytes using an antibody-dependent affinity protocol. Further, we use the method to demonstrate that human adenovirus infects specifically the tonsillar T cell fraction. The established protocol is generally applicable to efficiently and rapidly isolate tonsillar B and T cell populations to study the role of different types of pathogens in tonsillar immune responses.

B와 T 림프구의 고순도 소집단에서 편도 다국적 결과의 효율적인 분리. 이는 B 및 T 림프구 집단 각각 (도 3a)을 검출하기 위해 항 -CD20 및 항 CD2 항체를 사용하여 FACS 분석에 의해 확인 하였다. 한편, B 및 T 림프구 아 집단 (도 3b) 모두에서 세포의 혼합물이다 세포 분획 다국적 결과 비효율적 분리. 절연 편도의 B 및 T 림프구 (도 3A) 핵산 분리 ...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Efficient Isolation Protocol for B and T Lymphocytes from Human Palatine Tonsils at JoVE.com

Efficient Isolation Protocol for B and T Lymphocytes from Human Palatine Tonsils

Palatine tonsils are a rich source of B and T lymphocytes. Here we provide an easy, efficient and rapid protocol to isolate B and T lymphocytes from human palatine tonsils. The method described has been specifically adapted for studies of the viral etiology of tonsil inflammation known as tonsillitis.

인간 팔라티노 편도선에서 B와 T 림프구에 대한 효율적인 분리 프로토콜

Tonsils form a part of the immune system providing the first line of defense against inhaled pathogens. Usually the term &#8220;tonsils&#8221; refers to ...

efficient-isolation-protocol-for-b-t-lymphocytes-from-human-palatine

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15.8K 조회수.  Uppsala Biomedical Center, Uppsala University. Palatine tonsils are a rich source of B and T lymphocytes. Here we provide an easy, efficient and rapid protocol to isolate B and T lymphocytes from human palatine tonsils. The method described has been specifically adapted for studies of the viral etiology of tonsil inflammation known as tonsillitis.

비디오: Efficient Isolation Protocol for B and T Lymphocytes from Human Palatine Tonsils

Human T Lymphocyte Isolation, Culture and Analysis of Migration In Vitro

The migration of T lymphocytes involves the adhesive interaction of cell surface integrins with ligands expressed on other cells or with extracellular matrix proteins. The precise spatiotemporal activation of integrins from a low affinity state to a high affinity state at the cell leading edge is important for T lymphocyte migration 1. Likewise, retraction of the cell trailing edge, or uropod, is a necessary step in maintaining persistent integrin-dependent T lymphocyte motility 2. Many therapeutic approaches to autoimmune or inflammatory diseases target integrins as a means to inhibit the excessive recruitment and migration of leukocytes 3. To study the molecular events that regulate human T lymphocyte migration, we have utilized an in vitro system to analyze cell migration on a two-dimensional substrate that mimics the environment that a T lymphocyte encounters during recruitment from the vasculature. T lymphocytes are first isolated from human donors and are then stimulated and cultured for seven to ten days. During the assay, T lymphocytes are allowed to adhere and migrate on a substrate coated with intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), a ligand for integrin LFA-1, and stromal cell-derived factor-1 (SDF-1). Our data show that T lymphocytes exhibit a migratory velocity of ~15 &mu;m/min. T lymphocyte migration can be inhibited by integrin blockade 1 or by inhibitors of the cellular actomyosin machinery that regulates cell migration 2.

Human T Lymphocyte Isolation, Culture and Analysis of Migration In Vitro

T lymphocyte migration occurs during homing to lymphoid organs, exit from the vasculature, and entering into peripheral tissues. Here, we describe a protocol that can be used to analyze T lymphocyte migration in vitro.

마이 그 레이션의 인간 T 림프구 분리, 문화 및 분석 체외에서</em

The migration of T lymphocytes involves the adhesive interaction of cell surface integrins with ligands expressed on other cells or with extracellular ...

연구

면역학 및 감염병학

Mapping Genome-wide Accessible Chromatin in Primary Human T Lymphocytes by ATAC-Seq

Assay for Transposase-Accessible Chromatin with high-throughput sequencing (ATAC-seq) is a method used for the identification of open (accessible) regions of chromatin. These regions represent regulatory DNA elements (e.g., promoters, enhancers, locus control regions, insulators) to which transcription factors bind. Mapping the accessible chromatin landscape is a powerful approach for uncovering active regulatory elements across the genome. This information serves as an unbiased approach for discovering the network of relevant transcription factors and mechanisms of chromatin structure that govern gene expression programs. ATAC-seq is a robust and sensitive alternative to DNase I hypersensitivity analysis coupled with next-generation sequencing (DNase-seq) and formaldehyde-assisted isolation of regulatory elements (FAIRE-seq) for genome-wide analysis of chromatin accessibility and to the sequencing of micrococcal nuclease-sensitive sites (MNase-seq) to determine nucleosome positioning. We present a detailed ATAC-seq protocol optimized for human primary immune cells i.e. CD4+ lymphocytes (T helper 1 (Th1) and Th2 cells). This comprehensive protocol begins with cell harvest, then describes the molecular procedure of chromatin tagmentation, sample preparation for next-generation sequencing, and also includes methods and considerations for the computational analyses used to interpret the results. Moreover, to save time and money, we introduced quality control measures to assess the ATAC-seq library prior to sequencing. Importantly, the principles presented in this protocol allow its adaptation to other human immune and non-immune primary cells and cell lines. These guidelines will also be useful for laboratories which are not proficient with next-generation sequencing methods.

Assay for Transposase-Accessible Chromatin coupled with high-throughput sequencing (ATAC-seq) is a genome-wide method to uncover accessible chromatin. This is a step-by-step ATAC-seq protocol, from molecular to the final computational analysis, optimized for human lymphocytes (Th1/Th2). This protocol can be adopted by researchers without prior experience in next-generation sequencing methods.

ATAC Seq에 의해 기본 인간 T 림프 톨에 게놈 넓은 접근 Chromatin 매핑

Assay for Transposase-Accessible Chromatin with high-throughput sequencing (ATAC-seq) is a method used for the identification of open (accessible) regions ...

유전학

Isolation of CD4+ T cells from Mouse Lymph Nodes Using Miltenyi MACS Purification

Isolation of cells from the primary source is a necessary step in many more complex protocols. Miltenyi offers kits to isolate cells from several organisms including humans, non-human primates, rat and, as we describe here, mice. Magnetic bead-based cell separation allows for either positive selection (or cell depletion) as well as negative selection. Here, we demonstrate negative selection of untouched or na ve CD4+ helper T cells. Using this standard protocol we typically purify cells that are &#8805; 96% pure CD4+/CD3+. This protocol is used in conjunction with the protocol Dissection and 2-Photon Imaging of Peripheral Lymph Nodes in Mice published in issue 7 of JoVE, for purification of T cells and other cell types to adoptively transfer for imaging purposes. Although we did not demonstrate FACS analysis in this protocol video, it is highly recommended to check the overall purity of isolated cells using the appropriate antibodies via FACS. In addition, we demonstrate the non-sterile method of T cell isolation. If sterile cells are needed for your particular end-user application, be sure to do all of the demonstrated procedures in the tissue culture hood under standard sterile conditions. Thank you for watching and good luck with your own experiments!

Isolation of lymphocytes using the Miltenyi MACs kit is a reliable way to purify cells from whole lymphoid tissue homogenates. Cells purified using the Miltenyi system are typically &#8805; 96% pure. Here, we demonstrate the steps taken to isolate CD4+ T cells, one of the many kits offered by Miltenyi.

CD4의 분리 + Miltenyi 맥을 정제를 사용하여 마우스 림프절에서 T 세포

Isolation of cells from the primary source is a necessary step in many more complex protocols. Miltenyi offers kits to isolate cells from several ...

생물학

Unraveling Key Players of Humoral Immunity: Advanced and Optimized Lymphocyte Isolation Protocol from Murine Peyer's Patches

In the gut mucosa, immune cells constitute a unique immunological entity, which promotes immune tolerance while concurrently conferring immune defense against pathogens. It is well established that Peyer&#39;s patches (PPs) have an essential role in the mucosal immune network by hosting several effector T and B cell subsets. A certain fraction of these effector cells, follicular T helper (TFH) and germinal center (GC) B cells are professionalized in the regulation of humoral immunity. Hence, the characterization of these cell subsets within PPs in terms of their differentiation program and functional properties can provide important information about mucosal immunity. To this end, an easily applicable, efficient and reproducible method of lymphocyte isolation from PPs would be valuable to researchers. In this study, we aimed to generate an effective method to isolate lymphocytes from mouse PPs with high cell yield. Our approach revealed that initial tissue processing such as the use of digestive reagents and tissue agitation, as well as cell staining conditions and selection of antibody panels, have great influence on the quality and identity of the isolated lymphocytes and on experimental outcomes.
Here, we describe a protocol enabling researchers to efficiently isolate lymphocyte populations from PPs allowing reproducible flow cytometry-based assessment of T and B cell subsets primarily focusing on&#160;TFH and GC B cell subsets.

In this study, we present a novel and effective protocol for the isolation of lymphocytes from Peyer&#39;s Patches (PPs), which can be subsequently used for in vivo and in vitro functional assays as well as flow cytometric studies of follicular T helper and germinal center B cells.

체액 성 면역의 해결 핵심 선수: 고급 및 Murine 파이어의 패치에서 림프 구 격리 프로토콜 최적화

In the gut mucosa, immune cells constitute a unique immunological entity, which promotes immune tolerance while concurrently conferring immune defense ...

암 연구학

Isolating Human Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells and CD4+ T cells from S&#233;zary Syndrome Patients for Transcriptomic Profiling

Cutaneous T-cell lymphomas (CTCL) are derived from the transformation and uncontrolled proliferation of mature skin-homing T cells, and mycosis fungoides (MF) and S&#233;zary syndrome (SS) represent the most common subtypes. Despite a number of studies on characterizing gene expression, genetic alterations, and epigenetic abnormalities of CTCL, the molecular pathogenesis of MF/SS remains unclear. MF refers to the more common CTCL with a skin-predominance, and is usually limited to skin, whereas&#160;SS is an aggressive leukemic variant of CTCL with widespread skin involvement and is characterized by neoplastic distribution mainly involving blood, skin, and lymph node. Focusing on clinical practice, the identification of gene expression biomarkers has&#160;enormous potential to improve diagnosis and treatment of MF/SS. Indeed, recent transcriptomic studies have identified potential diagnostic biomarkers from differences in gene expression between normal and malignant T cells, which may improve our understanding of SS biology, and reveal potential therapeutic targets. This manuscript describes a detailed reproducible protocol for the isolation of peripheral blood mononuclear cells from fresh whole blood from patients diagnosed with SS, selection of CD4+ memory T cells (CD4+CD45RO+ T cells), chemical stimulation, and preparation of RNA suitable for transcriptomic profiling to discover novel prognostic molecular markers to gain additional insight in disease etiology. The stimulation using chemical agonist to activate nuclear regulation provides more specific assessment for pathways important in the dynamic transcription regulation and gene expression and eliminates confounding defects that may arise from upstream signaling defects arising from TCR antigen loss at the cell membrane. The data obtained from comparison of transcriptome of unstimulated to stimulated SS T cells unmasks functional regulatory gene expression defects not evident from analysis of quiescent unstimulated cells. Furthermore, the method outlined from this approach can be adapted for studying T cell gene expression defects in other T cell immune diseases.

We present a simple protocol for the isolation of peripheral blood mononuclear cells from whole blood obtained from patients diagnosed with S&#233;zary Syndrome, followed by selection of CD4+ T cells, their stimulation with phorbol12-myristate13-acetate and A23187 ionophore, and preparation of RNA for transcriptomic profiling.

전사 프로파일링을 위해 세자리 증후군 환자로부터 인간 말초 혈액 단핵 세포 및 CD4+ T 세포 분리

Cutaneous T-cell lymphomas (CTCL) are derived from the transformation and uncontrolled proliferation of mature skin-homing T cells, and mycosis fungoides ...

Isolation and Th17 Differentiation of Na&iuml;ve CD4 T Lymphocytes

Th17 cells are a distinct subset of T cells that have been found to produce interleukin 17 (IL-17), and differ in function from the other T cell subsets including Th1, Th2, and regulatory T cells. Th17 cells have emerged as a central culprit in overzealous inflammatory immune responses associated with many autoimmune disorders. In this method we purify T lymphocytes from the spleen and lymph nodes of C57BL/6 mice, and stimulate purified CD4+ T cells under control and Th17-inducing environments. The Th17-inducing environment includes stimulation in the presence of anti-CD3 and anti-CD28 antibodies, IL-6, and TGF-&#946;. After incubation for at least 72 hours and for up to five days at 37 &#176;C, cells are subsequently analyzed for the capability to produce IL-17 through flow cytometry, qPCR, and ELISAs. Th17 differentiated CD4+CD25- T cells can be utilized to further elucidate the role that Th17 cells play in the onset and progression of autoimmunity and host defense. Moreover, Th17 differentiation of CD4+CD25- lymphocytes from distinct murine knockout/disease models can contribute to our understanding of cell fate plasticity.

Isolation and Th17 Differentiation of Na&#239;ve CD4 T Lymphocytes

With effector functions distinct from other T cell subsets, Th17 cells have been centrally implicated in inflammatory autoimmunity. This in vitro Th17 differentiation protocol provides a means to determine whether na&#239;ve CD4+ T lymphocytes can differentiate into Th17 cells, and to further examine their role in autoimmunity and host response.

분리 및 나이브 CD4 T 림프구의 TH17 분화

Th17 cells are a distinct subset of T cells that have been found to produce interleukin 17 (IL-17), and differ in function from the other T cell subsets ...

Isolation of Myeloid Dendritic Cells and Epithelial Cells from Human Thymus

In this protocol we provide a method to isolate dendritic cells (DC) and epithelial cells (TEC) from the human thymus. DC and TEC are the major antigen presenting cell (APC) types found in a normal thymus and it is well established that they play distinct roles during thymic selection. These cells are localized in distinct microenvironments in the thymus and each APC type makes up only a minor population of cells. To further understand the biology of these cell types, characterization of these cell populations is highly desirable but due to their low frequency, isolation of any of these cell types requires an efficient and reproducible procedure. This protocol details a method to obtain cells suitable for characterization of diverse cellular properties. Thymic tissue is mechanically disrupted and after different steps of enzymatic digestion, the resulting cell suspension is enriched using a Percoll density centrifugation step. For isolation of myeloid DC (CD11c+), cells from the low-density fraction (LDF) are immunoselected by magnetic cell sorting. Enrichment of TEC populations (mTEC, cTEC) is achieved by depletion of hematopoietic (CD45hi) cells from the low-density Percoll cell fraction allowing their subsequent isolation via fluorescence activated cell sorting (FACS) using specific cell markers. The isolated cells can be used for different downstream applications.

This protocol details a method to isolate antigen presenting cells from human thymus via different steps of enzymatic digestion of the tissue followed by density centrifugation of the single cell suspension and finally magnetic and/or FACS sorting of the cell populations of interest.

인간의 흉선에서 골수 수지상 세포와 상피 세포의 분리

In this protocol we provide a method to isolate dendritic cells (DC) and epithelial cells (TEC) from the human thymus. DC and TEC are the major antigen ...

Isolation and Activation of Murine Lymphocytes

B and T cells, with their extremely diverse antigen-receptor repertoires, have the ability to mount specific immune responses against almost any invading pathogen1,2. Understandably, such intricate abilities are controlled by a large number of molecules involved in various cellular processes to ensure timely and spatially regulated immune responses3. Here, we describe experimental procedures that allow rapid isolation of highly purified murine lymphocytes using magnetic cell sorting technology. The resulting purified lymphocytes can then be subjected to various in vitro or in vivo functional assays, such as the determination of lymphocyte signaling capacity upon stimulation by immunoblotting4 and the investigation of proliferative abilities by 3H-thymidine incorporation or carboxyfluorescein diacetate succinimidyl ester (CFSE) labeling5-7. In addition to comparing the functional capacities of control and genetically modified lymphocytes, we can also determine the T cell stimulatory capacity of antigen-presenting cells (APCs) in vivo, as shown in our representative results using transplanted CFSE-labeled OT-I T cells.

Lymphocytes are the major players in adaptive immune responses. Here, we present a lymphocyte purification protocol to determine the physiological functions of the desired molecules in lymphocyte activation in vitro and in vivo. The described experimental procedures are suitable for comparing functional capacities between control and genetically modified lymphocytes.

분리 및 쥐 림프구의 활성화

B and T cells, with their extremely diverse antigen-receptor repertoires, have the ability to mount specific immune responses against almost any invading ...

Isolating Lymphocytes from the Mouse Small Intestinal Immune System

The intestinal immune system plays an essential role in maintaining the barrier function of the gastrointestinal tract by generating tolerant responses to dietary antigens and commensal bacteria while mounting effective immune responses to enteropathogenic microbes. In addition, it has become clear that local intestinal immunity has a profound impact on distant and systemic immunity. Therefore, it is important to study how an intestinal immune response is induced and what the immunologic outcome of the response is. Here, a detailed protocol is described for the isolation of lymphocytes from small intestine inductive sites like the gut-associated lymphoid tissue Peyer&#39;s patches and the draining mesenteric lymph nodes and effector sites like the lamina propria and the intestinal epithelium. This technique ensures isolation of a large numbers of lymphocytes from small intestinal tissues with optimal purity and viability and minimal cross compartmental contamination within acceptable time constraints. The technical capability to isolate lymphocytes and other immune cells from intestinal tissues enables the understanding of immune responses to gastrointestinal infections, cancers, and inflammatory diseases.

Here we describe a detailed protocol for the isolation of lymphocytes from the inductive sites including the gut-associated lymphoid tissue Peyer&#39;s patches and the draining mesenteric lymph nodes, and the effector sites including the lamina propria and the intestinal epithelium of the small intestinal immune system.

마우스 작은 장의 면역 시스템에서 세포를 분리

The intestinal immune system plays an essential role in maintaining the barrier function of the gastrointestinal tract by generating tolerant responses to ...

Isolation of Tonsillar Mononuclear Cells to Study Ex Vivo Innate Immune Responses in a Human Mucosal Lymphoid Tissue

Studying isolated cells from mucosa-associated lymphoid tissues (MALT) allows understanding of immune cells response in pathologies involving mucosal immunity, because they can model host-pathogen interactions in the tissue. While isolated cells derived from tissues were the first cell culture model, their use has been neglected because tissue can be hard to obtain. In the present protocol, we explain how to easily process and culture tonsillar mononuclear cells (TMCs) from healthy human tonsils to study innate immune responses upon activation, mimicking viral infection in mucosal tissues. Isolation of TMCs from the tonsils is quick, because the tonsils barely have any epithelium and yield up to billions of all major immune cell types. This method allows detection of cytokine production using several techniques, including immunoassays, qPCR, microscopy, flow cytometry, etc., similar to the use of peripheral mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from blood. Furthermore, TMCs show a higher sensitivity to drug testing than PBMCs, which needs to be considered for future toxicity assays. Thus, ex vivo TMCs cultures are an easy and accessible mucosal model.

In the present protocol, we explain how to easily process and culture tonsillar mononuclear cells from healthy humans undergoing partial surgical tonsillectomy to study innate immune responses upon activation, mimicking viral infection in mucosal tissues.

편도선 단핵 세포의 격리는 인간 점막 림프구 조직에서 Ex Vivo 타고난 면역 반응을 연구합니다

Studying isolated cells from mucosa-associated lymphoid tissues (MALT) allows understanding of immune cells response in pathologies involving mucosal ...