Biz Profesör Bin Chen, Dr Yue Zhang ve Kendy Hoang elektroporasyon sistemi kurma konusunda yardım için teşekkür ederim. Bu iş Z.A.W. için Santa Cruz kanser fayda grubu ve NIH gelen hibe tarafından desteklenmiştir

Burada açıklanan tüm yordamları kurallar ve düzenlemeler kurumsal hayvan bakım ve kullanım Komitesi (IACUC) Kaliforniya Üniversitesi Santa Cruz uygun olarak gerçekleştirilmiştir.
1. Plazmid ve araçları hazırlama
<ol><li>Her mesane transfect, DNA plazmid (1 µg/µL) en az 20 µL hazırlamak.</li>
	<li>Trypan mavi 1 µL plazmid çözüm 1.5 mL microcentrifuge tüp içinde 20 µL ekleyin. Pipet iyice karıştırın.</li>
	<li>Otoklav tüm cerrahi aletleri ve çalışma alanı % 70 etanol ile sterilize. Cerrahi aletler ve eldiven % 70 etanol ile sık sık sprey veya cam boncuk Sterilizatör steril koşullar korumak için aşağıdaki adımları yerine getirirken kullanın.</li>
</ol>2. anaesthetizing hayvan
<ol><li>Bir tablosu üst anestezi sistemi isoflurane hayvanla anestezi için kullanın. O2 tankındaki açmak ve oksijen akış ölçer 1 L/dk ayarlayın.</li>
	<li>Yetişkin bir kadın C57BL/6J fare indüksiyon odasına koyun. Açmak ve indüksiyon için % 3 isoflurane Buharlaştırıcı ayarlayın. Fare anestezi 2 dk. Yönet buprenorfin analjezik (0.1 mg/kg) içinde subkutan indüksiyon odası preemptive analjezi için fareden kaldırılması üzerine olmalıdır. Not: İdrar Kateterizasyon sırasında çalışmak daha kolay olduğu gibi bu protokol için dişi fareler, kullanılır. İletişim kuralı da erkek fareler için çalışır ama ekstra dikkatli adım 3 gerçekleştirirken gereklidir.</li>
	<li>Oftalmik merhem kuruluğu önlemek için hayvan gözler için geçerlidir. Anaesthetized fareyi onun burun burun koni ile bir Isıtma yastık üzerinde yukarı bakacak şekilde yerleştirin. Burun konisi git isoflurane izin hava devre anahtarı çevir.</li>
	<li>Baş ve yapışkan bant ile burun konisi dizginlemek. Bakım için % 2 isoflurane Buharlaştırıcı ayarlayın.</li>
	<li>Yapışkan bant ile bacaklarda dizginlemek. Belgili tanımlık hayvan içinde derin anestezi ve karın bölgesi tıraş emin olmak için ayak-çimdik sınamaları gerçekleştirin.</li>
</ol>3. idrar tükenmesi ve mesane durulama
<ol><li>Yağ kateter (24 G, 2.11 cm uzunluğunda, 0,045 cm dış çapı) uygulamak ve dış yüzeyi tamamen kaplıdır sağlamak.</li>
	<li>Kateter üretra ataşını ve hangi zamanda idrar dışarı kateter akışı gerekir mesane ulaşıncaya kadar yavaşça itin. İdrar tükenmesi yardımcı olmak için karın hafifçe bastırın.<ol>
<li>Kateter doğru mesane otomatik idrar dışarı akışı gözlemleyerek eklenir eğer kontrol edin. Üretra ve mesane duvarı piercing önlemek ve yağ gerekirse birden çok kez uygulayın.</li>
	</ol>
</li>
	<li>Bir pipet ile idrar atık kabı atın.</li>
	<li>Fosfat tamponlu tuz (PBS) 80 µL pipet ile diğer sonunda hala mesane kateter dış ucunu. Dikkatle 1 mL şırınga için kateter takın. PBS mesane enjekte etmek şırıngayı yavaşça itin. Bazı PBS hava kabarcıkları mesane oluşturmaktan kaçınmak için kateter bırakın.</li>
	<li>Şırınga kaldırın. PBS dışarı mesane boşaltmak bekleyin. PBS boşaltmaya karın hafifçe bastırın.</li>
	<li>Sonda bir pipet ile PBS atık kabı atın.</li>
	<li>(Adım 3.4-3.6) yıkama PBS iki kez daha tekrarlayın. Not: Hafifçe çamaşır adımları sırasında çalışması için önemlidir. Kateter veya başarısızlık otomatik kan dışı sıvı akımı genellikle üretra yoluyla deldi gösterir. Elektroporasyon verimliliği düşecektir olarak da hava kabarcıkları, tanıtımı önlemek önemlidir.</li>
</ol>4. plazmid teslim
<ol><li>Fare karın % 70 etanol uygulayabilir ve neşter yukarıda mesane karın cildi açmak için 1 cm dikey kesi yapmak için kullanabilirsiniz.</li>
	<li>Plazmid artı Trypan mavi çözüm en az 20 µL kateter dış ucunu pipet ve şırınga ekleyebilirsiniz.</li>
	<li>Plazmid çözüm mesane enjekte. Mesane onaylamasına enjeksiyon başarılı olur. Bazı sıvı hava kabarcıkları mesane oluşturmaktan kaçınmak için kateter bırakın.</li>
	<li>Cımbız kullanarak dış üretral orifis kapmak ve kateter ve şırınga kaldırın. Dış üretral orifis sıkmak için bir dize kullanın. Dize içeren iki döngüler yapmak ve sonra ile iki knot kravat. Not: üretral sıkma plazmid sıvı geri tepme önlemek için önemlidir.</li>
	<li>Elektroporasyon generator aşağıdaki parametreleri ile açın: 33V, 50 ms çalışma zamanı ve 950 ms aralığı zaman.</li>
	<li>Mesane cımbızla tutup da iki elektrot ile mesane çimdik. Elektroporasyon gerçekleştirmek için ayak pedalı itmek. Not: Elektrik darbeleri ile 5 kere kısa aralıklarla her pedal itme sonra gerçekleşmesi için ayarlanır. Fare bu süreçte seğirmesine neden. Birden çok kez ayak pedalı itmek teslim verimliliği artırabilir, ancak çok fazla elektrik darbeleri urothelium doku bütünlüğü zarar verebilir.<ol>
<li>Bu bir kıvılcım oluşturur cımbız ve elektrotlar arasında herhangi bir temas önlemek.</li>
	</ol>
</li>
</ol>5. kurtarma
<ol><li>Steril cerrahi sütür ve klipleri ile karın ve cilt açılış dikiş. İyot yaranın üzerine uygulayın.</li>
	<li>Hayvan isoflurane sisteminizden kaldırın. Subkutan ameliyat sonrası ağrı hafifletmek için buprenorfin analjezik (0.1 mg/kg) yönetmek için.</li>
	<li>Hayvan Isıtma yastığını üzerinde tutun ve sonra tam kurtarma ev kafese geri. İçin içme ve belgili tanımlık kesme iyileşti ve küçük resimleri kaldırmak kadar beslenme davranışları ve enfeksiyon belirtisi yok en az bir kez her gün normal hareket eden, hayvan kontrol edin. Hayvan acı belirti azaltılmış damat, artan saldırganlık ve konser gibi görüntüler, sonraki buprenorfin analjezik enjeksiyonlari yönetmek.</li>
</ol>

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(6), e239 (2007).</li><li>Follenzi, A., Santambrogio, L., Annoni, A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Immune+responses+to+lentiviral+vectors.">Immune responses to lentiviral vectors.</a> Curr Gene Ther. 7 (5), 306-315 (2007).</li></ol>

Yazarlar rakip ilgi bildirin.

Elektroporasyon hücre membran geçirgenliği artırır ve gen electrotransfer16için güçlü bir teknolojidir. Gen teslim yaşam kemirgenler tarafından elektroporasyon içine Nörobiyoloji alanları17,18,19,20,21' sık kullanılan. Onun potansiyel uygulamalar birçok diğer organlarda kapsamlı bir şekilde araştırılmalıdır değ...

Genetiği fare modelleri (GEMMs) hayvan geliştirme, gen fonksiyonları vivo içindeve mekanizmaları hastalık ilerleme1,2hakkında bilgimizi genişletmek önemli bir rol oynuyor. Germline GEMMs geleneksel olarak iki şekilde geliştirilmiştir. İlk DNA plazmid pseudopregnant kadın zigotları nakli tarafından takip pronuclear enjeksiyonla transgenik fareler oluşturulmasıdır. Diğer knock-out/knock-gelen fareler tarafından homolog rekombinasyon embriyonik kök hücre üretimi ve chimeras gelişimi bu. Genlerin ilgi belirli doku veya hücre türü koşullu nakavt Cre ve flox siteleri ile genetik allelleri üreme birden çok nesiller için içerir. Kül oluşum-ebilmek var olmak pahalı ve zaman alıcı, özellikle hedef doku-özellikle birden çok gen hedef için ise. Son zamanlarda, gen düzenleme teknolojileri kümelenmiş düzenli olarak interspaced kısa palindromik yineler (CRISPR) gibi çeşitli organlarda doku özgü genetik değişiklikler otokton kanseri3modelleme için ikna etmek için farelerin uygulanmış olan, 4,5,6,7 veya doğru hastalık mutasyonlar in situ8,9. Bu çalışmalarda gRNA vektörler teslimini genellikle adenoviral veya lentiviral enfeksiyonu organ veya hidrodinamik kuyruk-damar enjeksiyon elde edildi. Akciğer ve karaciğer için CRISPR bileşenlerinin teslimatlar göreli kolaylığı büyük ölçüde kolaylık ve geleneksel Cre-Lox göre fare modellerle karşılaştırıldığında bu organlarda modelleme kanser verimliliği iyileşmiştir.
Mesane urothelium nereden köken çoğu mesane tümörleri var. Mesane urothelium kanser modelleme veya gen tedavisi için DNA vektörel çizimler teslimini glikozaminoglikan katmanı apikal ürotelyal yüzeyinde, bulaşıcı virüs10,11bağlılık için bir engel olarak engel oluyor. Syn3 ve lauryl-β-d-maltoside gibi birkaç tedavi öncesi Aracısı bu bariyer bozabilir ve adenovirus enfeksiyonu verimliliği12,13,14geliştirmek için kullanılmaktadır. Olup olmadığını virüs (AAVs) Adeno ilişkili etkin bir şekilde-ebilmek bulaştırmak mesane bildirilmemiştir. Genel olarak, bir viral tabanlı teslimat yöntemi arzu olurdu. Burada, verimli DNA plazmid teslim edilmek üzere fare urothelium İdrar Kateterizasyon ve elektroporasyon Laboratuarında geliştirilmiş bir roman yöntemi açıklanmaktadır. Yaklaşımımız kimyasal Önarıtma glikozaminoglikan katman veya virüs üretim anlamına gelmez çünkü o önemli ölçüde DNA plazmid teslim fare mesane urothelium içine kolaylaştırır ve çeşitli in vivo çalışmalar kolaylaştırmak gerektiğini Mesane hastalıkları.

<table>
	<tbody>
		<tr>
			<td>BD 1mL TB Syringe</td>
			<td>Fisher</td>
			<td>148232E</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Buprenorphine</td>
			<td>Sigma</td>
			<td>B9275-50MG</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Dumont Tweezers</td>
			<td>Roboz Surgical Instr</td>
			<td>RS-5005</td>
			<td>Treat with 70% ethanol before surgical use</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>ECM830 SQ Wave Electroporator</td>
			<td>Harvard Apparatus</td>
			<td>450052</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Exel International Disposable Safelet I.V. Catheters</td>
			<td>Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td>14-841-21</td>
			<td>24G, 2.11 cm length, 0.045 cm outer diameter</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Extra Fine Micro Dissecting Scissors</td>
			<td>Roboz Surgical Instr</td>
			<td>RS-5135</td>
			<td>Treat with 70% ethanol before surgical use</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Isoflurane</td>
			<td>Vet one</td>
			<td>501017</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>K&#38;H Heated Resting Mat for Small Animals, 9 By 12 Inches</td>
			<td>Amazon</td>
			<td>n/a</td>
			<td>Cover the heat mat with paper towels</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Ophthalmic ointment</td>
			<td>Fisher</td>
			<td>NC0849514</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>PBS, pH7.4</td>
			<td>Life Technologies</td>
			<td>10010049</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Pipet tips 200 &#181;L</td>
			<td>USA Scientific</td>
			<td>1111-0206</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Pipet Tips, Universal Fit; 0.1 to 10 &#181;L</td>
			<td>Fisher</td>
			<td>02707438(CS)</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>PIPETMAN NEO P2</td>
			<td>Gilson</td>
			<td>F144561</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>PIPETMAN NEO P200N</td>
			<td>Gilson</td>
			<td>F144565</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>plasmid CAG-GFP</td>
			<td>Addgene</td>
			<td>16664</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Platinum tweezertrode 5 mm</td>
			<td>Harvard Apparatus</td>
			<td>450489</td>
			<td>5 mm diameter</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Scissors</td>
			<td>Roboz Surgical Instr</td>
			<td>RS-5880</td>
			<td>Treat with 70% ethanol before surgical use</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>String cord</td>
			<td>Amazon</td>
			<td>n/a</td>
			<td>Mandala Crafts 150D 210D 0.8mm 1mm leather sewing stitching flat waxed thread string cord</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Tape, Scotch</td>
			<td>Fisher</td>
			<td>19047257</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Therio-gel Veterinary Lubricant</td>
			<td>PBS animal health</td>
			<td>353-736</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Trypan Blue Stain</td>
			<td>Life Technologies</td>
			<td>15250061</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>V-1 Table top system anesthesia</td>
			<td>VetEquip</td>
			<td>901806</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Vicryl violet suture 18&#34; FS-2 cutting 5-0</td>
			<td>Fisher</td>
			<td>NC0578475</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Walgreens Povidone Iodine 10%</td>
			<td>Walgreens</td>
			<td>953982</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Wound clip</td>
			<td>Fisher</td>
			<td>018045</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Wound clip applier</td>
			<td>Fisher</td>
			<td>01804</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

novel method of plasmid dna delivery to mouse bladder urothelium by electroporation

Genetiği fare modelleri (GEMMs) insan hastalıkları kanser gibi başlama ve ilerleme mekanizmalarının içine roman biyolojik anlayışlar ortaya son derece değerlidir. Transgenik ve koşullu nakavt fareler sık gen overexpression için kullanılmış olan veya ablasyon belirli doku veya hücre içinde vivotürleri. Ancak, germline fare modelleri oluşturma zaman alıcı ve pahalı olabilir. Gen teknolojileri ve DNA plazmid tarafından viral enfeksiyon teslim fizibilite düzenleme son gelişmeler hızlı oluşturulmasında çeşitli organları germline sigara otokton fare kanser modelleri etkinleştirdiniz. Mesane urothelium kapsayan bir glikozaminoglikan katman varlığı nedeniyle erişmeye viral vektörler için zor olan bir organdır. Burada, laboratuar DNA plazmid verimli bir şekilde teslim içine fare mesane urothelium içinde vivoiçin geliştirilen bir roman yöntemi açıklanmaktadır. PCAG-GFP DNA plazmid İntravezikal korumak ve cerrahi olarak maruz mesane çoğalmasıyla, DNA plazmid geçici ifade için mesane ürotelyal hücre içine özellikle teslim olduğunu göster. Bizim yöntem overexpression ve fare mesane genlerin nakavt için hızlı ve uygun bir yol sağlar ve GEMMs mesane kanseri ve diğer üroloji hastalıkları bina için uygulanabilir.

Gen teslim mesane urothelium içine başarı göstermek için biz pCAG-GFP15 plazmid elektroporasyon için kullanılır. Plazmid ve Trypan mavi çözüm 20 µL üretra enjekte ettiler ve 5 elektrik darbeleri idare. 48 h sonra fare mesane disseke ve negatif kontrol ise GFP sinyal (şekil 1A) gösterdi elektroporasyon geçmesi değil mesane GFP floresan bir diseksiyon floresan mikroskop altında yamalari gözlendi. Cytokeratin (CK) 5, CK...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Novel Method of Plasmid DNA Delivery to Mouse Bladder Urothelium by Electroporation at JoVE.com

Novel Method of Plasmid DNA Delivery to Mouse Bladder Urothelium by Electroporation

Biz'DNA plazmid dır fare mesane vivo içinde İdrar Kateterizasyon ve elektroporasyon ürotelyal hücre içine bir roman yöntemi açıklanmaktadır. Kesesi hastalıkları otokton fare modelleri oluşturmak için hızlı ve kolay bir yol sunar.

Plazmid DNA teslimat için fare mesane Urothelium elektroporasyon tarafından roman yöntemi

Genetically engineered mouse models (GEMMs) are extremely valuable in revealing novel biological insights into the initiation and progression mechanisms ...

novel-method-plasmid-dna-delivery-to-mouse-bladder-urothelium

Research

JoVE Journal

Biology

8.4K Görüntüleme.  University of California, Santa Cruz. Biz'DNA plazmid dır fare mesane vivo içinde İdrar Kateterizasyon ve elektroporasyon ürotelyal hücre içine bir roman yöntemi açıklanmaktadır. Kesesi hastalıkları otokton fare modelleri oluşturmak için hızlı ve kolay bir yol sunar.

Video: Novel Method of Plasmid DNA Delivery to Mouse Bladder Urothelium by Electroporation

Purifying Plasmid DNA from Bacterial Colonies Using the Qiagen Miniprep Kit

Plasmid DNA purification from E. coli is a core technique for molecular cloning. Small scale purification (miniprep) from less than 5 ml of bacterial culture is a quick way for clone verification or DNA isolation, followed by further enzymatic reactions (polymerase chain reaction and restriction enzyme digestion). Here, we video-recorded the general procedures of miniprep through the QIAGEN's QIAprep 8 Miniprep Kit, aiming to introducing this highly efficient technique to the general beginners for molecular biology techniques. The whole procedure is based on alkaline lysis of E. coli cells followed by adsorption of DNA onto silica in the presence of high salt. It consists of three steps: 1) preparation and clearing of a bacterial lysate, 2) adsorption of DNA onto the QIAprep membrane, 3) washing and elution of plasmid DNA. All steps are performed without the use of phenol, chloroform, CsCl, ethidium bromide, and without alcohol precipitation. It usually takes less than 2 hours to finish the entire procedure.

Plazmid DNA Qiagen Miniprep Kit kullanarak Bakteri kolonileri Arındırıcı

Plasmid DNA purification from E. coli is a core technique for molecular cloning. Small scale purification (miniprep) from less than 5 ml of bacterial ...

Biyoloji

Transformation of Plasmid DNA into E. coli Using the Heat Shock Method

Transformation of plasmid DNA into E. coli using the heat shock method is a basic technique of molecular biology. It consists of inserting a foreign plasmid or ligation product into bacteria. This video protocol describes the traditional method of transformation using commercially available chemically competent bacteria from Genlantis. After a short incubation in ice, a mixture of chemically competent bacteria and DNA is placed at 42&deg;C for 45 seconds (heat shock) and then placed back in ice. SOC media is added and the transformed cells are incubated at 37&deg;C for 30 min with agitation. To be assured of isolating colonies irrespective of transformation efficiency, two quantities of transformed bacteria are plated. This traditional protocol can be used successfully to transform most commercially available competent bacteria. The turbocells from Genlantis can also be used in a novel 3-minute transformation protocol, described in the instruction manual.

Isı Şoku Yöntemiyle E. coli içine Plazmid DNA Dönüşüm

Transformation of plasmid DNA into E. coli using the heat shock method is a basic technique of molecular biology. It consists of inserting a foreign ...

DNA Transfection of Mammalian Skeletal Muscles using In Vivo Electroporation

A growing interest in cell biology is to express transgenically modified forms of essential proteins (e.g. fluorescently tagged constructs and/or mutant variants) in order to investigate their endogenous distribution and functional relevance. An interesting approach that has been implemented to fulfill this objective in fully differentiated cells is the in vivo transfection of plasmids by various methods into specific tissues such as liver1, skeletal muscle2,3, and even the brain4. We present here a detailed description of the steps that must be followed in order to efficiently transfect genetic material into fibers of the flexor digitorum brevis (FDB) and interosseus (IO) muscles of adult mice using an in vivo electroporation approach. The experimental parameters have been optimized so as to maximize the number of muscle fibers transfected while minimizing tissue damages that may impair the quality and quantity of the proteins expressed in individual fibers. We have verified that the implementation of the methodology described in this paper results in a high yield of soluble proteins, i.e. EGFP and ECFP3, calpain, FKBP12, &beta;2a-DHPR, etc. ; structural proteins, i.e. minidystrophin and &alpha;-actinin; and membrane proteins, i.e. &alpha;1s-DHPR, RyR1, cardiac Na/Ca2+ exchanger , NaV1.4 Na channel, SERCA1, etc., when applied to FDB, IO and other muscles of mice and rats. The efficient expression of some of these proteins has been verified with biochemical3 and functional evidence5. However, by far the most common confirmatory approach used by us are standard fluorescent microscopy and 2-photon laser scanning microscopy (TPLSM), which permit to identify not only the overall expression, but also the detailed intracellular localization, of fluorescently tagged protein constructs. The method could be equally used to transfect plasmids encoding for the expression of proteins of physiological relevance (as shown here), or for interference RNA (siRNA) aiming to suppress the expression of normally expressed proteins (not tested by us yet). It should be noted that the transfection of FDB and IO muscle fibers is particularly relevant for the investigation of mammalian muscle physiology since fibers enzymatically dissociated from these muscles are currently one of the most suitable models to investigate basic mechanisms of excitability and excitation-contraction coupling under current or voltage clamp conditions2,6-8.

DNA Transfection of Mammalian Skeletal Muscles using In Vivo Electroporation

We describe detailed procedures for the efficient transfection of plasmid DNA into the fibers of foot muscles of live mice using electroporation and the subsequent visualization of protein expression using fluorescence microscopy.

Memeli İskelet Kaslar kullanarak DNA Transfeksiyon In Vivo Elektroporasyon

 A growing interest in cell biology is to express transgenically modified forms of essential proteins (e.g. fluorescently tagged constructs and/or mutant ...

Primary Culture and Plasmid Electroporation of the Murine Organ of Corti. 

In all mammals, the sensory epithelium for audition is located along the spiraling organ of Corti that resides within the conch shaped cochlea of the inner ear (fig 1). Hair cells in the developing cochlea, which are the mechanosensory cells of the auditory system, are aligned in one row of inner hair cells and three (in the base and mid-turns) to four (in the apical turn) rows of outer hair cells that span the length of the organ of Corti. Hair cells transduce sound-induced mechanical vibrations of the basilar membrane into neural impulses that the brain can interpret. Most cases of sensorineural hearing loss are caused by death or dysfunction of cochlear hair cells.
An increasingly essential tool in auditory research is the isolation and in vitro culture of the organ explant 1,2,9. Once isolated, the explants may be utilized in several ways to provide information regarding normative, anomalous, or therapeutic physiology. Gene expression, stereocilia motility, cell and molecular biology, as well as biological approaches for hair cell regeneration are examples of experimental applications of organ of Corti explants.
This protocol describes a method for the isolation and culture of the organ of Corti from neonatal mice. The accompanying video includes stepwise directions for the isolation of the temporal bone from mouse pups, and subsequent isolation of the cochlea, spiral ligament, and organ of Corti. Once isolated, the sensory epithelium can be plated and cultured in vitro in its entirety, or as a further dissected micro-isolate that lacks the spiral limbus and spiral ganglion neurons. Using this method, primary explants can be maintained for 7-10 days. As an example of the utility of this procedure, organ of Corti explants will be electroporated with an exogenous DsRed reporter gene. This method provides an improvement over other published methods because it provides reproducible, unambiguous, and stepwise directions for the isolation, microdissection, and primary culture of the organ of Corti.

Primary Culture and Plasmid Electroporation of the Murine Organ of Corti.

This procedure describes a method for the isolation and culture of the murine organ of Corti with or without the spiral limbus and spiral ganglion neurons. We also demonstrate a method for the expression of an exogenous reporter gene in the organ of Corti explant by electroporation.

İlköğretim Kültür ve Corti murin Organ Plazmid Elektroporasyon.

In all mammals, the sensory epithelium for audition is located along the spiraling organ of Corti that resides within the conch shaped cochlea of the ...

Streamlined Purification of Plasmid DNA From Prokaryotic Cultures

We describe the complete process of AcroPrep Advance Filter Plates for 96 plasmid preparations, starting from prokaryotic culture and ending with high purity DNA. Based on multi-well filtration for bacterial lysate clearance and DNA purification, this method creates a streamlined process for plasmid preparation. Filter plates containing silica-based media can easily be processed by vacuum filtration or centrifuge to yield appreciable quantities of plasmid DNA. Quantitative analyses determine the purified plasmid DNA is consistently of high quality with average OD260/280 ratios of 1.97. Overall, plasmid yields offer more pure DNA for downstream applications, such as sequencing and cloning. This streamlined method of using AcroPrep Advance Filter Plates allows for manual, semi-automated or fully-automated processing.

This protocol is a cost effective alternative for efficient parallel clarification and plasmid DNA purification from E. coli cultures. The AcroPrep Advance process starts with an optimized lysate clarification filter plate followed by purification on a high binding capacity DNA binding filter plate.

Prokaryotik Kültürler itibaren Plazmid DNA Aerodinamik Arıtma

We describe the complete process of AcroPrep Advance Filter Plates for 96 plasmid preparations, starting from prokaryotic culture and ending with high ...

Direct Delivery of MIF Morpholinos Into the Zebrafish Otocyst by Injection and Electroporation Affects Inner Ear Development

In recent years, electroporation has become a popular technique for in vivo transfection of DNA, RNA, and morpholinos into various tissues, including the eye, brain, and somites of zebrafish. The advantage of electroporation over other methods of genetic manipulation is that specific tissues can be targeted, both spatially and temporally, for the introduction of macromolecules by the application of electrical current. Here we describe the use of electroporation for transfecting mif and mif-like morpholinos into the tissues of the developing inner ear of the zebrafish. In past studies, mif morpholino injected into embryos at the 1- to 8-cell stage resulted in widespread morphological changes in the nervous system and eye, as well as the ear. By targeting the tissues of the inner ear at later stages in development, we can determine the primary effects of MIF in the developing inner ear, as opposed to secondary effects that may result from the influence of other tissues. By using phalloidin and acetylated tubulin staining to study the morphology of neurons, neuronal processes, and hair cells associated with the posterior macula, we were able to assess the efficacy of electroporation as a method for targeted transfection in the zebrafish inner ear. The otic vesicles of 24hpf embryos were injected with morpholinos and electroporated and were then compared to embryos that had received no treatment or had been only injected or electroporated. Embryos that were injected and electroporated showed a decrease in hair cell numbers, decreased innervation by the statoacoustic ganglion (SAG) and fewer SAG neurons compared with control groups. Our results showed that direct delivery of morpholinos into otocysts at later stages avoids the non-specific nervous system and neural crest effects of morpholinos delivered at the 1-8 cell stage. It also allows examination of effects that are directed to the inner ear and not secondary effects on the ear from primary effects on the brain, neural crest or periotic mesenchyme.

A method to deliver morpholinos directly into the zebrafish otocyst at 24hpf has been developed. Using microinjection of morpholinos into the lumen of otic vesicle and electroporation to effect penetration, we were able to bypass the effect of morpholinos on the brain and obtain effects specific to the inner ear.

Enjeksiyon ve Elektroporasyon Zebra balığı Otocyst içine MIF Morpholinos Stoktan teslim İç Kulak Geliştirme etkiler

In recent years, electroporation has become a popular technique for in vivo transfection of DNA, RNA, and morpholinos into various tissues, including the ...

A Practical and Novel Method to Extract Genomic DNA from Blood Collection Kits for Plasma Protein Preservation

Laboratory tests can be done on the cellular or fluid portions of the blood. The use of different blood collection tubes determines the portion of the blood that can be analyzed (whole blood, plasma or serum). Laboratories involved in studying the genetic basis of human disorders rely on anticoagulated whole blood collected in EDTA-containing vacutainer as the source of DNA for genetic / genomic analysis. Because most clinical laboratories perform biochemical, serologic and viral testing as a first step in phenotypic outcome investigation, anticoagulated blood is also collected in heparin-containing tube (plasma tube). Therefore when DNA and plasma are needed for simultaneous and parallel analyses of both genomic and proteomic data, it is customary to collect blood in both EDTA and heparin tubes. If blood could be collected in a single tube and serve as a source for both plasma and DNA, that method would be considered an advancement to existing methods. The use of the compacted blood after plasma extraction represents an alternative source for genomic DNA, thus minimizing the amount of blood samples processed and reducing the number of samples required from each patient. This would ultimately save time and resources.
The BD P100 blood collection system for plasma protein preservation were created as an improved method over previous plasma or serum collection tubes1, to stabilize the protein content of blood, enabling better protein biomarker discovery and proteomics experimentation from human blood. The BD P100 tubes contain 15.8 ml of spray-dried K2EDTA and a lyophilized proprietary broad spectrum cocktail of protease inhibitors to prevent coagulation and stabilize the plasma proteins. They also include a mechanical separator, which provides a physical barrier between plasma and cell pellets after centrifugation. Few methods have been devised to extract DNA from clotted blood samples collected in old plasma tubes2-4. Challenges from these methods were mainly associated with the type of separator inside the tubes (gel separator) and included difficulty in recovering the clotted blood, the inconvenience of fragmenting or dispersing the clot, and obstruction of the clot extraction by the separation gel.
We present the first method that extracts and purifies genomic DNA from blood drawn in the new BD P100 tubes. We compare the quality of the DNA sample from P100 tubes to that from EDTA tubes. Our approach is simple and efficient. It involves four major steps as follows: 1) the use of a plasma BD P100 (BD Diagnostics, Sparks, MD, USA) tube with mechanical separator for blood collection, 2) the removal of the mechanical separator using a combination of sucrose and a sterile paperclip metallic hook, 3) the separation of the buffy coat layer containing the white cells and 4) the isolation of the genomic DNA from the buffy coat using a regular commercial DNA extraction kit or a similar standard protocol.

We are describing a new method of isolating genomic DNA from whole blood collected for plasma/serology. After plasma collection, the compacted blood is usually discarded. Our novel method represents a significant improvement over existing methods and makes DNA and plasma available from a single collection, without requesting additional blood.

Plazma Protein Koruma Kan Alma Kitleri Genomik DNA Ayıklama Pratik ve Yeni Bir Yöntem

Laboratory tests can be done on the cellular or  fluid portions of the blood. The use of different blood collection tubes  determines the portion of the ...

A Novel Ex vivo Culture Method for the Embryonic Mouse Heart

Developmental studies in the mouse are hampered by the inaccessibility of the embryo during gestation. Thus, protocols to isolate and culture individual organs of interest are essential to provide a method of both visualizing changes in development and allowing novel treatment strategies. To promote the long-term culture of the embryonic heart at late stages of gestation, we developed a protocol in which the excised heart is cultured in a semi-solid, dilute Matrigel. This substrate provides enough support to maintain the three-dimensional structure but is flexible enough to allow continued contraction. In brief, hearts are excised from the embryo and placed in a mixture of cold Matrigel diluted 1:1 with growth medium. After the diluted Matrigel solidifies, growth medium is added to the culture dish. Hearts excised as late as embryonic day 16.5 were viable for four days post-dissection. Analysis of the coronary plexus shows that this method does not disrupt coronary vascular development. Thus, we present a novel method for long-term culture of embryonic hearts.

A Novel Ex vivo Culture Method for the Embryonic Mouse Heart

Developmental studies in the mouse are hampered by the inaccessibility of the embryo during gestation. To promote the long-term culture of the embryonic heart at late stages of gestation, we developed a protocol in which the excised heart is cultured in a semi-solid, dilute Matrigel.

Yeni Bir<em&gt; Ex vivo</emEmbriyonik Fare Kalp için&gt; Kültür Yöntemi

Developmental studies in the mouse are hampered  by the inaccessibility of the embryo during gestation. Thus, protocols to  isolate and culture individual ...

In Vivo 4-Dimensional Tracking of Hematopoietic Stem and Progenitor Cells in Adult Mouse Calvarial Bone Marrow

Through a delicate balance between quiescence and proliferation, self renewal and production of differentiated progeny, hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) maintain the turnover of all mature blood cell lineages. The coordination of the complex signals leading to specific HSC fates relies upon the interaction between HSCs and the intricate bone marrow microenvironment, which is still poorly understood[1-2].
We describe how by combining a newly developed specimen holder for stable animal positioning with multi-step confocal and two-photon in vivo imaging techniques, it is possible to obtain high-resolution 3D stacks containing HSPCs and their surrounding niches and to monitor them over time through multi-point time-lapse imaging. High definition imaging allows detecting ex vivo labeled hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) residing within the bone marrow. Moreover, multi-point time-lapse 3D imaging, obtained with faster acquisition settings, provides accurate information about HSPC movement and the reciprocal interactions between HSPCs and stroma cells.
Tracking of HSPCs in relation to GFP positive osteoblastic cells is shown as an exemplary application of this method. This technique can be utilized to track any appropriately labeled hematopoietic or stromal cell of interest within the mouse calvarium bone marrow space.

In Vivo 4-Dimensional Tracking of Hematopoietic Stem and Progenitor Cells in Adult Mouse Calvarial Bone Marrow

The nature of the interactions between hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) and bone marrow niches is poorly understood. Custom hardware modifications and a multi-step acquisition protocol allow the use of two-photon and confocal microscopy to image ex vivo labeled HSPCs homed within bone marrow areas, tracking interactions and movement.

Yetişkin Fare Kalvaryal Kemik İliği içinde Hematopoietik kök hücrelerin Vivo 4-Boyutlu Takip

Through a delicate balance between quiescence and proliferation, self renewal and production of differentiated progeny, hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) ...

Plasmid-derived DNA Strand Displacement Gates for Implementing Chemical Reaction Networks

DNA nanotechnology requires large amounts of highly pure DNA as an engineering material. Plasmid DNA could meet this need since it is replicated with high fidelity, is readily amplified through bacterial culture and can be stored indefinitely in the form of bacterial glycerol stocks. However, the double-stranded nature of plasmid DNA has so far hindered its efficient use for construction of DNA nanostructures or devices that typically contain single-stranded or branched domains. In recent work, it was found that nicked double stranded DNA (ndsDNA) strand displacement gates could be sourced from plasmid DNA. The following is a protocol that details how these ndsDNA gates can be efficiently encoded in plasmids and can be derived from the plasmids through a small number of enzymatic processing steps. Also given is a protocol for testing ndsDNA gates using fluorescence kinetics measurements. NdsDNA gates can be used to implement arbitrary chemical reaction networks (CRNs) and thus provide a pathway towards the use of the CRN formalism as a prescriptive molecular programming language. To demonstrate this technology, a multi-step reaction cascade with catalytic kinetics is constructed. Further it is shown that plasmid-derived components perform better than identical components assembled from synthetic DNA.

This protocol describes a method for deriving DNA strand displacement gates from plasmids and testing them using fluorescence kinetics measurements. Gates can be modularly composed into multi-component systems to approximate the behavior of formal chemical reaction networks (CRN), demonstrating a new use for CRNs as a molecular programming language.

Plazmid kökenli Uygulama Kimyasal Reaksiyon Ağları için DNA Strand Deplasman kapıları

DNA nanotechnology requires large amounts of highly pure DNA as an engineering material. Plasmid DNA could meet this need since it is replicated with high ...