Bu çalışma Anahtar Proje Tıp Bilimi ve Teknoloji Geliştirme Vakfı, Nanjing Sağlık Bakanlığı (No.YKK16098) tarafından desteklendi.

Hayvan deneyleri Nanjing Drum Tower Hastanesi Kurumsal Hayvan Bakım ve Kullanım Komitesi (IACUC) tarafından onaylandı.
1. Reaktiflerin ve hayvanların hazırlanması
<ol><li>Doxorubicin hidroklorür (Pfizer, ABD) sterilize su içinde çözün. 1 mg/mL'lik bir Dox çözeltisi elde etmek ve 4 °C'de tutmak için girdap.</li>
	<li>C57BL/6 fare kullanın (8-10 haftalık; 25-30 g ağırlık). Bu çalışma için Nanjing Üniversitesi Model Hayvan Araştırma Merkezi'nden fareler satın alınmış ve Nanjing Davul Kulesi Hastanesi'nin hayvan odasında tutulmuştur.</li>
	<li>Patojen içermeyen fare kafesleri 23 °C sabit sıcaklıkta 12 saat açık/karanlık bir döngü altında muhafaza edildi. Tüm hayvanlar normal bir yemek diyeti ile beslendi ve yiyecek ve su reklam libitum aldı.</li>
</ol>2. DCM hayvan modelinin kurulması
<ol><li>Fareleri normal (n = 5) bir gruba ve Dox (n = 5) grubuna randomize edin.</li>
	<li>Dox grubu için haftada 1x mL sterilize şırıng kullanarak Dox çözeltisini intraperitoneal olarak 5 mg/ kg dozda uygulayın. Kontrol farelerini aynı miktarda tuzlu su çözeltisi ile aynı şekilde tedavi edin.</li>
	<li>Haftalık olarak iki grubun vücut ağırlığını ölçün. Buna göre, enjeksiyon dozunu haftalık olarak vücut ağırlığına göre toplam 4 hafta boyunca, kümülatif doz 20 mg/ kg ile ayarlayın (Şekil 1). NOT: 4 haftalık ekokardiyografide iki grup arasında kardiyak fonksiyonda anlamlı bir fark olduğu için 4 haftalık bir zaman dilimi seçilmiştir.</li>
</ol>3. Ekokardiyografik inceleme
<ol><li>Dördüncü haftanın sonunda, farelerin ekokardiyografik incelemesini gerçekleştirin.</li>
	<li>Fareleri intranazal olarak% 2 izofluran ile uyuşturun. Fareler cildin bir tutamına dişli bir cımbızla yanıt vermezse veya parmakları ve kuyrukları uyarmazsa, protokole devam edin.</li>
	<li>Fareyi supine konumunda bir hayvan işleme platformuna yerleştirin. Anesteziyi korumak için, hayvanın burnunu ve ağzını bir burun konisi ile kapatın ve% 2 izoflurane teslim edin. NOT: IP anestezisi için% 4 kloral hidrat 0.2 mL / 20 g dozda enjekte edin.</li>
	<li>Göğüs kürkünü elektrikli tıraş makinesiyle dikkatlice çıkarın. Transtorasik ekokardiyografi kullanarak in vivo kardiyak fonksiyonu değerlendirin.</li>
	<li>LV ekokardiyogramını hem parasternal uzun eksenli hem de kısa eksenli görünümlerde 233 Hz kare hızında gerçekleştirin.</li>
	<li>M modundaki izlemelerde, ortalama LV uç-sistolik çapı (LVIDd), LV uç diyastolik çapı (LVID'ler), müdahale septal kalınlığını (IVS) ve LV arka duvar kalınlığını (LVPW) 3-5 kalp atışından ölçün. Ayrıca ekokardiyografiye dayanarak çıkarma fraksiyonunu (EF) ve kesir kısaltmasını (FS) hesaplayın.</li>
</ol>4. Histolojik lekeleme
<ol><li>Ekokardiyografik analizden sonra, % 10 potasyum klorürün intraventriküler enjeksiyonu ile fareleri kurban edin.</li>
	<li>Karaciğer ve akciğer soluklaşana kadar diseksiyondan sonra kalbi yaklaşık 30 mL salin ile perfuse edin.</li>
	<li>Kalbi dışarı dökün ve kanı ekstrüze etmek için fosfat tampon çözeltisinde iyice yıkayın.</li>
	<li>Kalbi oda sıcaklığında 24 saat boyunca% 4 formalin olarak sabitleyin ve dokuyu bir parafin kutusunda tedavi edin, böylece parafin balmumu soğur ve katır.</li>
	<li>Patolojik lekeleme için kalpleri 5 μm kalınlığında dilimler halinde kesin.</li>
	<li>Papiller kas içeren dewax ve rehidrat bölümleri.<ol>
<li>30 dakika boyunca 55 °C'de kuluçkaya yaslanın. Daha sonra, her biri 2 dakika boyunca ksilen 2x'te kuluçkaya yatırın; Her biri 2 dakika için% 100 etanol 2x; Her biri 2 dakika için% 95 etanol 2x; 2 dakika boyunca% 80 etanol; 2 dakika boyunca% 75 etanol; ve 2 dakika boyunca% 50 etanol.</li>
	</ol>
</li>
	<li>Hematoksilin ve eozin (H&E) ve Masson lekesi kullanarak leke.</li>
</ol>

<ol>
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G., Semsarian, C., MacDonald, P. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Dilated+cardiomyopathy.">Dilated cardiomyopathy.</a> Lancet. 390 (10092), 400-414 (2017).</li><li>Ichihara, S., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Attenuation+of+oxidative+stress+and+cardiac+dysfunction+by+bisoprolol+in+an+animal+model+of+dilated+cardiomyopathy.">Attenuation of oxidative stress and cardiac dysfunction by bisoprolol in an animal model of dilated cardiomyopathy.</a> Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications. 350 (1), 105-113 (2006).</li><li>Fountoulakis, M., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Alterations+in+the+heart+mitochondrial+proteome+in+a+desmin+null+heart+failure+model.">Alterations in the heart mitochondrial proteome in a desmin null heart failure model.</a> Journal of Molecular and Cellular Cardiology. 38 (3), 461-474 (2005).</li><li>Fairweather, D., Rose, N. 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P., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=CTRP3+protected+against+doxorubicin-induced+cardiac+dysfunction,+inflammation+and+cell+death+via+activation+of+Sirt1.">CTRP3 protected against doxorubicin-induced cardiac dysfunction, inflammation and cell death via activation of Sirt1.</a> Journal of Molecular and Cellular Cardiology. 114, 38-47 (2018).</li><li>Sun, Z., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+TGF-beta+pathway+mediates+doxorubicin+effects+on+cardiac+endothelial+cells.">The TGF-beta pathway mediates doxorubicin effects on cardiac endothelial cells.</a> Journal of Molecular and Cellular Cardiology. 90, 129-138 (2016).</li><li>Minotti, G., Menna, P., Salvatorelli, E., Cairo, G., Gianni, L. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Anthracyclines:+molecular+advances+and+pharmacologic+developments+in+antitumor+activity+and+cardiotoxicity.">Anthracyclines: molecular advances and pharmacologic developments in antitumor activity and cardiotoxicity.</a> Pharmacological Reviews. 56 (2), 185-229 (2004).</li><li>Vejpongsa, P., Yeh, E. 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Çıkar çatışması bildirilmedi.

Dox, klinik uygulamada yaygın olarak kullanılan spesifik olmayan periyodik bir antitümör kemoterapi ilacıdır12. Ana yan etkisi kardiyomiyopatidir, kardiyomiyopati ve sonraki kalp yetmezliği ile karakterizedir13. Alttaki mekanizma miyokard lipid peroksidasyonunun hasarını, miyokard sarkoplazmik retikülum Ca2+-ATPase aktivitesinin inhibisyonunu ve miyokard lokal renin-anjiyotensin sisteminin aktivasyonunu içerir, bu da AT II üretiminin artmasına ve hü...

An erratum was issued for:&#160;<a href="https://www.jove.com/t/61158">A Doxorubicin-Induced Murine Model of Dilated Cardiomyopathy In Vivo</a>. A figure was updated.
Figure 1 was updated from:
<img alt="Figure 1" class="xfigimg" src="/files/ftp_upload/61158/61158fig1v2.jpg" /> 
Figure 1: Schematic diagram of a Dox-induced dilated cardiomyopathy. <a href="https://www.jove.com/files/ftp_upload/61158/61158fig1v2large.jpg" target="_blank">Please click here to view a larger version of this figure.</a>
to:
<img alt="Figure 1" class="xfigimg" src="/files/ftp_upload/61158/61158fig1v5.jpg" /> 
Figure 1: Schematic diagram of a Dox-induced dilated cardiomyopathy. <a href="https://www.jove.com/files/ftp_upload/61158/61158fig1v5large.jpg" target="_blank">Please click here to view a larger version of this figure.</a>

An erratum was issued for:&#160;<a href="https://www.jove.com/t/61158">A Doxorubicin-Induced Murine Model of Dilated Cardiomyopathy In Vivo</a>. A figure was updated.

Erratum: A Doxorubicin-Induced Murine Model of Dilated Cardiomyopathy In Vivo

Kalp yetmezliğinin en yaygın nedenlerinden biri olan DCM, ventrikül dilatasyonu ve kalp fonksiyonunun azalması ile karakterizedir ve dünya çapında kalp naklinin en yaygın nedenidir1. Patogenezini daha fazla araştırmak ve etkili tedaviler bulmak için olgun hayvan modellerine erişim özellikle önemlidir. Açıklanan deneylerin amacı, insan DCM'sine benzeyen kararlı bir DCM fare modeli oluşturmaktır.
DCM'nin karmaşık patogenezleri nedeniyle, karşılık gelen hayvan modelleri yapmak için birçok farklı yöntem vardır. Spontan DCM modelleri2 nispeten kararlıdır, ancak pahalıdır ve kolayca mevcut değildir. Genetiği değiştirilmiş hayvan modelleri3 köklü değildir ve daha deneysel kullanım gerektirir. Viral enfeksiyon4 veya otoimmün defektler5 tarafından indüklenen DCM hayvan modellerinin elde etmesi kolaydır, ancak tamamen DCM'yi temsil etmezler. Miyokard toksisitesi ile ilişkili modeller arasında alkol kaynaklı DCM modelleri ve Dox kaynaklı DCM hayvan modelleri bulunur.
Dox kaynaklı kardiyomiyopati modeli Dox6'nınintraperitoneal enjeksiyonu ile elde edilir. Model Dox'un en şiddetli kronik yan etkisinden yararlanır: Dox maruziyeti sonrasında hastalar klinik homojenlik ile geç başlangıçlı DCM semptomları geliştirir7. Doksadatif stres8 ve mitokondriyal hasar9Kardiyomiyosit apoptoza yol açan DCM patogenezinde belirtilerdir. Akut ve kronik Dox tedavi modelleri vardır: tek bir yüksek doz Dox (15 mg / kg) kardiyomiyopati için kısa vadeli bir modele neden olur10, tekrarlayan düşük doz Dox enjeksiyonları (altı haftalık, 3 mg / kg) kardiyomiyopati için uzun vadeli bir modele nedenolur 11. Sunulan çalışmaya dayanarak, vahşi tip fareler intraperitoneally bir ay boyunca haftada bir kez 5 mg / kg ekran morfolojisi ve tedavinin sonuna kadar DCM özellikleri ile tutarlı kalbin histolojisi bir dozda enjekte edildi ve bir DCM modeli kurmak için ideal bir yol sağladı.

<table>
	<tbody>
		<tr>
			<td>4% paraformaldehyde</td>
			<td>servicebio</td>
			<td>CAS30525-89-4</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>C57BL/6 mice</td>
			<td>Model Animal Research Center of Nanjing University</td>
			<td>\</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Doxorubicin hydrochloride</td>
			<td>Pfizer</td>
			<td>CAS25316-40-9</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>echocardiography</td>
			<td>Visualsonics</td>
			<td>\</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Hematoxylin and Eosin staining kit</td>
			<td>Solarbio</td>
			<td>G1120</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Masson staining kit</td>
			<td>Solarbio</td>
			<td>G1343</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>phosphate buffer solution</td>
			<td>Sigma</td>
			<td>P5368</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>potassium chloride</td>
			<td>Sigma</td>
			<td>CAS7447-40-7</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>sterilized syringe</td>
			<td>Millipore</td>
			<td>SLGP033RB</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

a doxorubicin-induced murine model of dilated cardiomyopathy in vivo

Genişlemiş kardiyomiyopati (DCM), hipertansiyon, valvüler, konjenital veya iskemik kalp hastalıklarının yokluğunda ventrikül genişlemesi ve depresif kardiyak performans ile karakterize ve enfeksiyon, otoimmün veya metabolik anormallikler veya aile kalıtımı ile ilgili olabilecek heterojen miyokard bozuklukları spektrumunu ifade eder. Kötü bir prognoz ile konjestif kalp yetmezliğine doğru ilerleyebilir. Doxorubicin (Dox) yaygın olarak kemoterapötik bir ilaç olarak kullanılır, ancak miyokardda DCM benzeri değişikliklere neden olduğu için kullanımı sınırlıdır. Miyokard toksisitesi oksidatif stres, kronik inflamasyon ve kardiyomiyosit apoptoza atfedilir. Bu Dox kaynaklı DCM semptomlarından yararlanan bir DCM modeli oluşturulmamıştır.

Kardiyak fonksiyon Genişlemiş kardiyomiyopati progresif ventriküler dilatasyon ve kontrtil disfonksiyon ile karakterizedir. Şekil 2'de iki grubun temsili ekokardiyografik görüntüleri gösterdir. Dox ile tedavi edilen fareler belirgin şekilde azalmış sol ventrikül çıkarma fraksiyonu ve sol ventrikül fraksiyonel kısaltması gösterdi (Şekil 3A,B). LV çapı ayrıca hem diyastolik hem de sistolik fazlarda artmı?...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about A Doxorubicin-Induced Murine Model of Dilated Cardiomyopathy In Vivo at JoVE.com

A Doxorubicin-Induced Murine Model of Dilated Cardiomyopathy In Vivo

Tarif edilen, doxorubicin'in uzun süreli intraperitoneal enjeksiyonu yoluyla farelerde Doxorubicin kaynaklı genişlemiş kardiyomiyopati (DCM) modeli oluşturmak için bir protokoldür.

Vivo'da Genişlemiş Kardiyomiyopatinin Doxorubicin Kaynaklı Murine Modeli

Dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) refers to a spectrum of heterogeneous myocardial disorders characterized by ventricular dilation and depressed cardiac ...

a-doxorubicin-induced-murine-model-of-dilated-cardiomyopathy-in-vivo

Research

JoVE Journal

Medicine

4.3K Görüntüleme.  Clinical College of Nanjing Medical University. Tarif edilen, doxorubicin'in uzun süreli intraperitoneal enjeksiyonu yoluyla farelerde Doxorubicin kaynaklı genişlemiş kardiyomiyopati (DCM) modeli oluşturmak için bir protokoldür.

Video: A Doxorubicin-Induced Murine Model of Dilated Cardiomyopathy In Vivo

Development of Obliterative Bronchiolitis in a Murine Model of Orthotopic Lung Transplantation

Orthotopic lung transplantation in rats was first reported by Asimacopoulos and colleagues in 1971 1. Currently, this method is well accepted and standardized not only for the study of allo-rejection but also between syngeneic strains for examining mechanisms of ischemia-reperfusion injury after lung transplantation. Although the application of the rat and other large animal model 2 contributed significantly to the elucidation of these studies, the scope of those investigations is limited by the scarcity of knockout and transgenic rats. Due to no effective therapies for obliterative bronchiolitis, the leading cause of death in lung transplant patients, there has been an intensive search for pre-clinical models that replicate obliterative bronchiolitis. The tracheal allograft model is the most widely used and may reproduce some of the histopathologic features of obliterative bronchiolitis 3. However, the lack of an intact vasculature with no connection to the recipient's conducting airways, and incomplete pathologic features of obliterative bronchiolitis limit the utility of this model 4. Unlike transplantation of other solid organs, vascularized mouse lung transplants have only recently been reported by Okazaki and colleagues for the first time in 2007 5. Applying the basic principles of the rat lung transplant, our lab initiated the obliterative bronchiolitis model using minor histoincompatible antigen murine orthotopic single-left lung transplants which allows the further study of obliterative bronchiolitis immunopathogenesis6.

Obliterative bronchiolitis is the key impediment to the long-term survival of lung transplant recipients and the lack of a robust preclinical model precludes examining obliterative bronchiolitis immunopathogenesis. Unlike other solid organ transplants, vascularized mouse lung transplantation has only recently been developed. Here we show our independently developed obliterative bronchiolitis model after murine orthotopic single-lung transplantation.

Ortotopik Akciğer Transplantasyonu bir Mürin Modelinde Obliteratif Bronşiolit Gelişimi

Orthotopic lung transplantation in rats was first reported by Asimacopoulos and colleagues in 1971 1. Currently, this method is well accepted and ...

Tıp

Murine Model of Wound Healing

Wound healing and repair are the most complex biological processes that occur in human life. After injury, multiple biological pathways become activated. Impaired wound healing, which occurs in diabetic patients for example, can lead to severe unfavorable outcomes such as amputation. There is, therefore, an increasing impetus to develop novel agents that promote wound repair. The testing of these has been limited to large animal models such as swine, which are often impractical. Mice represent the ideal preclinical model, as they are economical and amenable to genetic manipulation, which allows for mechanistic investigation. However, wound healing in a mouse is fundamentally different to that of humans as it primarily occurs via contraction. Our murine model overcomes this by incorporating a splint around the wound. By splinting the wound, the repair process is then dependent on epithelialization, cellular proliferation and angiogenesis, which closely mirror the biological processes of human wound healing. Whilst requiring consistency and care, this murine model does not involve complicated surgical techniques and allows for the robust testing of promising agents that may, for example, promote angiogenesis or inhibit inflammation. Furthermore, each mouse acts as its own control as two wounds are prepared, enabling the application of both the test compound and the vehicle control on the same animal. In conclusion, we demonstrate a practical, easy-to-learn, and robust model of wound healing, which is comparable to that of humans.

A murine model of cutaneous wound healing that can be used to assess therapeutic compounds in physiological and pathophysiological settings.

Yara Şifa murin Modeli

Wound healing and repair are the most complex biological processes that occur in human life. After injury, multiple biological pathways become activated. ...

A Murine Model of Subarachnoid Hemorrhage

In this video publication a standardized mouse model of subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) is presented. Bleeding is induced by endovascular Circle of Willis perforation (CWp) and proven by intracranial pressure (ICP) monitoring. Thereby a homogenous blood distribution in subarachnoid spaces surrounding the arterial circulation and cerebellar fissures is achieved. Animal physiology is maintained by intubation, mechanical ventilation, and continuous on-line monitoring of various physiological and cardiovascular parameters: body temperature, systemic blood pressure, heart rate, and hemoglobin saturation. Thereby the cerebral perfusion pressure can be tightly monitored resulting in a less variable volume of extravasated blood. This allows a better standardization of endovascular filament perforation in mice and makes the whole model highly reproducible. Thus it is readily available for pharmacological and pathophysiological studies in wild type and genetically altered mice.

A standardized mouse model of subarachnoid hemorrhage by intraluminal Circle of Willis perforation is described. Vessel perforation and subarachnoid bleeding are monitored by intracranial pressure monitoring. In addition various vital parameters are recorded and controlled to maintain physiologic conditions.

Subaraknoid Kanama bir fare modeli

In this video publication a standardized mouse model of subarachnoid  hemorrhage (SAH) is presented. Bleeding is induced by endovascular Circle of  Willis ...

A Preclinical Murine Model of Hepatic Metastases

Numerous murine models have been developed to study human cancers and advance the understanding of cancer treatment and development. Here, a preclinical, murine pancreatic tumor model of hepatic metastases via a hemispleen injection of syngeneic murine pancreatic tumor cells is described. This model mimics many of the clinical conditions in patients with metastatic disease to the liver. Mice consistently develop metastases in the liver allowing for investigation of the metastatic process, experimental therapy testing, and tumor immunology research.

A preclinical, murine model of hepatic metastases performed via a hemispleen injection technique.

Karaciğer metastazları Klinik öncesi fare modeli

Numerous murine models have been developed to study human cancers and advance the understanding of cancer treatment and development. Here, a preclinical, ...

Depletion of Mouse Cells from Human Tumor Xenografts Significantly Improves Downstream Analysis of Target Cells

The use of in vitro cell line models for cancer research has been a useful tool. However, it has been shown that these models fail to reliably mimic patient tumors in different assays1. Human tumor xenografts represent the gold standard with respect to tumor biology, drug discovery, and metastasis research 2-4. Tumor xenografts can be derived from different types of material like tumor cell lines, tumor tissue from primary patient tumors4 or serially transplanted tumors. When propagated in vivo, xenografted tissue is infiltrated and vascularized by cells of mouse origin. Multiple factors such as the tumor entity, the origin of xenografted material, growth rate and region of transplantation influence the composition and the amount of mouse cells present in tumor xenografts. However, even when these factors are kept constant, the degree of mouse cell contamination is highly variable.
Contaminating mouse cells significantly impair downstream analyses of human tumor xenografts. As mouse fibroblasts show high plating efficacies and proliferation rates, they tend to overgrow cultures of human tumor cells, especially slowly proliferating subpopulations. Mouse cell derived DNA, mRNA, and protein components can bias downstream gene expression analysis, next-generation sequencing, as well as proteome analysis 5. To overcome these limitations, we have developed a fast and easy method to isolate untouched human tumor cells from xenografted tumor tissue. This procedure is based on the comprehensive depletion of cells of mouse origin by combining automated tissue dissociation with the benchtop tissue dissociator and magnetic cell sorting. Here, we demonstrate that human target cells can be can be obtained with purities higher than 96% within less than 20 min independent of the tumor type.

Human tumor xenografts are vascularized and infiltrated by cells of mouse origin during the growth phase in vivo. To circumvent the bias caused by these contaminating cells during downstream analysis, we developed a method allowing for comprehensive depletion of all mouse cells by magnetic cell sorting.

İnsan Tümör ksenogratflarının gelen Fare Hücrelerinin tükenmesi Anlamlı Hedef Hücre Alt Analizi geliştirir

The use of in vitro cell line models for cancer research has been a useful tool. However, it has been shown that these models fail to reliably mimic ...

Tachycardia-Induced Cardiomyopathy As a Chronic Heart Failure Model in Swine

A stable and reliable model of chronic heart failure is required for many experiments to understand hemodynamics or to test effects of new treatment methods. Here, we present such a model by tachycardia-induced cardiomyopathy, which can be produced by rapid cardiac pacing in swine.
A single pacing lead is introduced transvenously into fully anaesthetized healthy swine, to the apex of the right ventricle, and fixated. Its other end is then tunneled dorsally to the paravertebral region. There, it is connected to an in-house modified heart pacemaker unit that is then implanted in a subcutaneous pocket. 
After 4 - 8 weeks of rapid ventricular pacing at rates of 200 - 240 beats/min, physical examination revealed signs of severe heart failure - tachypnea, spontaneous sinus tachycardia, and fatigue. Echocardiography and X-ray showed dilation of all heart chambers, effusions, and severe systolic dysfunction. These findings correspond well to decompensated dilated cardiomyopathy and are also preserved after the cessation of pacing.
This model of tachycardia-induced cardiomyopathy can be used for studying the pathophysiology of progressive chronic heart failure, especially hemodynamic changes caused by new treatment modalities like mechanical circulatory supports. This methodology is easy to perform and the results are robust and reproducible.

Here, we present a protocol to produce tachycardia-induced cardiomyopathy in swine. This model represents a potent way to study the hemodynamics of progressive chronic heart failure and the effects of applied treatment.

Kronik kalp yetmezliği model domuz olarak taşikardi kaynaklı kardiyomiyopati

A stable and reliable model of chronic heart failure is required for many experiments to understand hemodynamics or to test effects of new treatment ...

A Doxorubicin-induced Cardiomyopathy Model in Adult Zebrafish

The genetically accessible adult zebrafish (Danio rerio) has been increasingly used as a vertebrate model for understanding human diseases such as cardiomyopathy. Because of its convenience and amenability to high throughput genetic manipulations, the generation of acquired cardiomyopathy models, such as the doxorubicin-induced cardiomyopathy (DIC) model in adult zebrafish, is opening the doors to new research avenues, including discovering cardiomyopathy modifiers via forward genetic screening. Different from the embryonic zebrafish DIC model, both initial acute and later chronic phases of cardiomyopathy can be determined in the adult zebrafish DIC model, enabling the study of stage-dependent signaling mechanisms and therapeutic strategies. However, variable results can be obtained with the current model, even in the hands of experienced investigators. To facilitate future implementation of the DIC model, we present a detailed protocol on how to generate this DIC model in adult zebrafish and describe two alternative ways of intraperitoneal (IP) injection. We further discuss options on how to reduce variations to obtain reliable results and provide suggestions on how to appropriately interpret the results.

A method to generate a doxorubicin-induced cardiomyopathy model in adult zebrafish (Danio rerio) is described here. Two alternative ways of intraperitoneal injection are presented and conditions to reduce variations among different experimental groups are discussed.

Yetişkin zebra balığı doksorubisin kaynaklı kardiyomiyopati modelinde

The genetically accessible adult zebrafish (Danio rerio) has been increasingly used as a vertebrate model for understanding human diseases such as ...

Isometric Contractility Measurement of the Mouse Mesenteric Artery Using Wire Myography

The wire myograph technique is used to assess the contractility of vascular smooth muscles in response to depolarization, GPCR agonists/inhibitors and drugs. It is widely used in many studies on the physiological functions of vascular smooth muscle, the pathogenesis of vascular diseases such as hypertension, and the development of smooth muscle relaxant drugs. The mouse is a widely used model animal with a large pool of disease models and genetically modified strains. We introduced this method to measure the isometric contraction of mouse mesenteric artery in detail. A 1.4-mm segment of mouse mesenteric resistance artery was isolated and mounted on a myograph chamber by passing two steel wires through its lumen. After equilibration and normalization steps, the vessel segment was potentiated by a high-K+ solution twice prior to the contraction assay. As an example of the application of this method in drug development, we measured the relaxant effect of a novel natural substance, neoliensinine, isolated from a Chinese herb, embryos of the lotus seed (Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn.) on mouse mesenteric arteries. The vessel segments mounted on the myograph chamber were stimulated with a high-K+ solution. When the force tension reached a stable sustained phase, cumulative doses of neoliensinine were added to the chamber. We found that neoliensinine had a dose-dependent relaxant effect on smooth muscle contraction, thus suggesting that it bears potential activity against hypertension. In addition, as the vessel segment can survive at least 4 hours after mounting and maintain contractility induced by the high-K+ solution for many times, we suggest that the wire myograph system may be used for the time-consuming process of drug screening.

The wire myograph technique is used to investigate vascular smooth muscle functions and screen new drugs. We report a detailed protocol for measuring the isometric contractility of the mouse mesenteric artery and for screening new relaxants of vascular smooth muscle.

İzometrik Contractility ölçüm tel Myography kullanarak fare mezenterik arter

The wire myograph technique is used to assess the contractility of vascular smooth muscles in response to depolarization, GPCR agonists/inhibitors and ...

Assessing Therapeutic Angiogenesis in a Murine Model of Hindlimb Ischemia

Critical limb ischemia (CLI) is a serious condition that entails a high risk of lower limb amputation. Despite revascularization being the gold-standard therapy, a considerable number of CLI patients are not suited for either surgical or endovascular revascularization. Angiogenic therapies are emerging as an option for these patients but are currently still under investigation. Before application in humans, those therapies must be tested in animal models and its mechanisms must be clearly understood. An animal model of hindlimb ischemia (HLI) has been developed by the ligation and excision of the distal external iliac and femoral arteries and veins in mice. A comprehensive panel of tests was assembled to assess the effects of ischemia and putative angiogenic therapies at functional, histologic and molecular levels. Laser Doppler was used for the flow measurement and functional assessment of perfusion. Tissue response was evaluated by the analysis of capillary density after staining with the anti-CD31 antibody on histological sections of gastrocnemius muscle and by measurement of collateral vessel density after diaphonization. Expression of angiogenic genes was quantified by RT-PCR targeting selected angiogenic factors exclusively in endothelial cells (ECs) after laser capture microdissection from mice gastrocnemius muscles. These methods were sensitive in identifying differences between ischemic and non-ischemic limbs and between treated and non-treated limbs. This protocol provides a reproducible model of CLI and a framework for testing angiogenic therapies.

Here, a critical hindlimb ischemia experimental model is presented followed by a battery of functional, histologic and molecular tests&#160;to assess the effectiveness of angiogenic therapies.&#8203;

Hindekstremite Iskemi bir Murine modelinde terapötik anjiyogenezi değerlendirilmesi

Critical limb ischemia (CLI) is a serious condition that entails a high risk of lower limb amputation. Despite revascularization being the gold-standard ...

Murine Precision-Cut Liver Slices as an Ex Vivo Model of Liver Biology

Understanding the mechanisms of liver injury, hepatic fibrosis, and cirrhosis that underlie chronic liver diseases (i.e., viral hepatitis, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, metabolic liver disease, and liver cancer) requires experimental manipulation of animal models and in vitro cell cultures. Both techniques have limitations, such as the requirement of large numbers of animals for in vivo manipulation. However, in vitro cell cultures do not reproduce the structure and function of the multicellular hepatic environment. The use of precision-cut liver slices is a technique in which uniform slices of viable mouse liver are maintained in laboratory tissue culture for experimental manipulation. This technique occupies an experimental niche that exists between animal studies and in vitro cell culture methods. The presented protocol describes a straightforward and reliable method to isolate and culture precision-cut liver slices from mice. As an application of this technique, ex vivo liver slices are treated with bile acids to simulate cholestatic liver injury and ultimately assess the mechanisms of hepatic fibrogenesis.

This protocol provides a simple and reliable method for the production of viable precision-cut liver slices from mice. The ex vivo tissue samples can be maintained under laboratory tissue culture conditions for multiple days, providing a flexible model to examine liver pathobiology.

Karaciğer Biyolojisi Ex Vivo Modeli olarak Murine Precision-Cut Karaciğer Dilimleri

Understanding the mechanisms of liver injury, hepatic fibrosis, and cirrhosis that underlie chronic liver diseases (i.e., viral hepatitis, non-alcoholic ...