이 사업은 보건분(No.YKK16098)의 주요 프로젝트 의료과학기술개발재단이 후원했습니다.

동물 실험은 난징 드럼 타워 병원의 기관 동물 관리 및 사용 위원회 (IACUC)에 의해 승인되었다.
1. 시약 및 동물의 준비
<ol><li>독소루비신 염산염(화이자, 미국)을 살균된 물에 용해합니다. 소용돌이는 1 mg / mL의 독스 용액을 얻고 4 ° C에서 유지합니다.</li>
	<li>C57BL/6 마우스를 사용 하 여 (8-10 주 오래 된; 25-30 g 무게). 이 연구를 위해, 마우스는 난징 대학의 모형 동물 연구 센터에서 구입하고 난징 드럼 타워 병원의 동물방에 보관되었습니다.</li>
	<li>병원체가 없는 마우스 케이지는 23°C의 일정한 온도에서 12h 빛/어두운 주기 하에서 유지되었다. 모든 동물은 정상적인 차우 다이어트에 공급되었고 음식과 물 광고 리비툼을 얻었습니다.</li>
</ol>2. DCM 동물 모델 설립
<ol><li>마우스를 정상(n = 5) 그룹과 Dox(n= 5) 그룹으로 무작위화한다.</li>
	<li>Dox 그룹에 대해 일주일에 1mL 살균 주사기를 사용하여 5 mg/kg의 용량으로 Dox 용액을 주체로 관리하십시오. 동일한 양의 식염수 용액으로 대조군 마우스를 동일한 방식으로 치료합니다.</li>
	<li>매주 두 그룹의 체중을 측정합니다. 이에 따라, 총 4주 동안 체중에 따라 주출량을 조절하고, 누적 투여량은 20mg/kg(그림1)이다. 참고: 4주에서 심초음파가 두 그룹 간의 심장 기능에 상당한 차이를 보였기 때문에 4주의 기간이 선택되었다.</li>
</ol>3. 심초음파 검사
<ol><li>넷째 주 말에, 마우스의 심초음파 검사를 실시합니다.</li>
	<li>2%의 이소플루란으로 마우스를 마취시다. 마우스가 이빨이 있는 트위저로 피부 의 꼬집에 반응하지 않거나 발가락과 꼬리를 자극하지 않으면 프로토콜을 계속하십시오.</li>
	<li>동물 취급 플랫폼에 마우스를 놓습니다. 마취를 유지하기 위해 동물의 코와 입을 코 콘으로 덮고 2 % 이소플루란을 전달하십시오. 참고: IP 마취의 경우 0.2 mL/20 g의 용량으로 4% 염산 수분을 주입하십시오.</li>
	<li>전기 면도기로 가슴 털을 조심스럽게 제거합니다. 트랜스토라시 코름카이그래피를 사용하여 생체 내 심장 기능을 평가합니다.</li>
	<li>233Hz의 프레임 속도로 파라스테탈 긴축 및 단축 뷰 모두에서 LV 심초음파를 수행합니다.</li>
	<li>M 모드 추적에서 평균 LV 종자 수축기 직경(LVIDd), LV 엔드 다이확장지름(LVID), 심실 중격 두께(IVS), LV 후방 벽 두께(LVPW)를 3-5심장 박동에서 측정합니다. 또한 에코카르디그래피를 기반으로 배출 분획(EF) 및 분수 단축(FS)을 계산합니다.</li>
</ol>4. 조직학적 염색
<ol><li>심초음파 분석 후, 염화칼륨 10%의 심폐실 주입으로 마우스를 희생한다.</li>
	<li>간과 폐가 창백해질 때까지 해부 후 약 30mL의 식염수로 심장을 퍼퓨즈하십시오.</li>
	<li>심장을 절제하고 혈액을 돌출하기 위해 인산염 완충액으로 철저히 씻으십시오.</li>
	<li>24 시간 동안 실온에서 심장을 4 % 포르말린으로 고정하고 파라핀 왁스가 냉각되고 고화되도록 파라핀 상자에 조직을 치료합니다.</li>
	<li>병리학적 염색을 위해 하트를 5 μm 두께의 슬라이스로 자른다.</li>
	<li>모세 근육을 포함하는 절개 를 해체하고 재수화합니다.<ol>
<li>인큐베이션은 55°C에서 30분 동안 슬라이드를 합니다. 그런 다음, 자일렌 2x로 각각 2분 씩 배양; 각각 2분 동안 100% 에탄올 2배; 각각 2분 동안 95% 에탄올 2x; 80% 에탄올 2 분; 75% 에탄올 2 분; 및 50% 에탄올은 2분 동안.</li>
	</ol>
</li>
	<li>헤마톡시린과 에신(H&E)과 마슨의 얼룩을 사용한 얼룩.</li>
</ol>

<ol>
	<li>Weintraub, R. G., Semsarian, C., MacDonald, P. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Dilated+cardiomyopathy.">Dilated cardiomyopathy.</a> Lancet. 390 (10092), 400-414 (2017).</li><li>Ichihara, S., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Attenuation+of+oxidative+stress+and+cardiac+dysfunction+by+bisoprolol+in+an+animal+model+of+dilated+cardiomyopathy.">Attenuation of oxidative stress and cardiac dysfunction by bisoprolol in an animal model of dilated cardiomyopathy.</a> Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications. 350 (1), 105-113 (2006).</li><li>Fountoulakis, M., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Alterations+in+the+heart+mitochondrial+proteome+in+a+desmin+null+heart+failure+model.">Alterations in the heart mitochondrial proteome in a desmin null heart failure model.</a> Journal of Molecular and Cellular Cardiology. 38 (3), 461-474 (2005).</li><li>Fairweather, D., Rose, N. 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J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Doxorubicin-induced+chronic+dilated+cardiomyopathy-the+apoptosis+hypothesis+revisited.">Doxorubicin-induced chronic dilated cardiomyopathy-the apoptosis hypothesis revisited.</a> Journal of Molecular Medicine. 95 (3), 239-248 (2017).</li><li>Zhao, L., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=MicroRNA-140-5p+aggravates+doxorubicin-induced+cardiotoxicity+by+promoting+myocardial+oxidative+stress+via+targeting+Nrf2+and+Sirt2.">MicroRNA-140-5p aggravates doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity by promoting myocardial oxidative stress via targeting Nrf2 and Sirt2.</a> Redox Biology. 15, 284-296 (2018).</li><li>O'Connell, J. L., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Short-term+and+long-term+models+of+doxorubicin-induced+cardiomyopathy+in+rats:+A+comparison+of+functional+and+histopathological+changes.">Short-term and long-term models of doxorubicin-induced cardiomyopathy in rats: A comparison of functional and histopathological changes.</a> Experimental and Toxicologic Pathology. 69 (4), 213-219 (2017).</li><li>Yuan, Y. 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이해 상충이 선언되지 않았습니다.

Dox는 임상실습(12)에일반적으로 사용되는 비특이적 주기적인 항종양 화학요법 약물이다. 주요 부작용은 심근병증 및 후속심부전(13)을특징으로 하는 심근독성이다. 근본적인 기계장치는 심근 지질 과산화의 손상, 심근 육종 망상 Ca2+-ATPase 활동의 억제 및 심근 국소 레닌-안지오텐신 시스템의 활성화를 포함하며, 그 결과 AT II 생산 및 세포내 칼슘 과부하<...

An erratum was issued for:&#160;<a href="https://www.jove.com/t/61158">A Doxorubicin-Induced Murine Model of Dilated Cardiomyopathy In Vivo</a>. A figure was updated.
Figure 1 was updated from:
<img alt="Figure 1" class="xfigimg" src="/files/ftp_upload/61158/61158fig1v2.jpg" /> 
Figure 1: Schematic diagram of a Dox-induced dilated cardiomyopathy. <a href="https://www.jove.com/files/ftp_upload/61158/61158fig1v2large.jpg" target="_blank">Please click here to view a larger version of this figure.</a>
to:
<img alt="Figure 1" class="xfigimg" src="/files/ftp_upload/61158/61158fig1v5.jpg" /> 
Figure 1: Schematic diagram of a Dox-induced dilated cardiomyopathy. <a href="https://www.jove.com/files/ftp_upload/61158/61158fig1v5large.jpg" target="_blank">Please click here to view a larger version of this figure.</a>

An erratum was issued for:&#160;<a href="https://www.jove.com/t/61158">A Doxorubicin-Induced Murine Model of Dilated Cardiomyopathy In Vivo</a>. A figure was updated.

Erratum: A Doxorubicin-Induced Murine Model of Dilated Cardiomyopathy In Vivo

심장 마비의 가장 흔한 원인 중 하나 인 DCM은 심실 팽창 및 심장 기능 감소를 특징으로하며 전 세계적으로 심장 이식의 가장 일반적인 이유입니다1. 그것의 병인을 더 조사하고 효과적인 처리를 찾아기 위하여는, 성숙한 동물 모형에 접근은 특히 중요합니다. 설명된 실험의 목적은 인간 DCM과 유사한 DCM의 안정적인 마우스 모델을 확립하는 것이다.
DCM의 복잡한 병인으로 인해 해당 동물 모델을 만드는 방법에는 여러 가지가 있습니다. 자발적인 DCM 모델2는 비교적 안정적이지만 비용이 많이 들고 쉽게 사용할 수 없습니다. 유전자 변형 된 동물 모델3 잘 설립되지 않고 더 많은 실험적 사용이 필요합니다. 바이러스 감염4 또는 자가 면역 결함5에 의해 유도된 DCM 동물 모델은 쉽게 얻을 수 있지만, DCM을 전적으로 대표하지는 않는다. 심근 독성과 관련된 모델은 알코올 유도 DCM 모델 과 독스 유도 DCM 동물 모델을 포함한다.
독스 유도 심근병증 모델은 Dox6의회대 내 주입에 의해 얻어진다. 이 모델은 Dox의 가장 심각한 만성 부작용을 악용합니다: Dox 노출 후 환자는 임상 균일성7을가진 늦은 발병 DCM 증상을 개발한다. 독스 유도 산화 스트레스8 및 미토콘드리아 손상9,심근 세포 세포 세포증으로 이어지는, DCM의 병인에 있는 증상이다. 급성 및 만성 독스 치료 모델이 있습니다: 독스(15 mg/kg)의 단일 고용량은 심근병증10에대한 단기 모델을 유도하고, 반복적인 저용량 Dox 주사(주간 6회, 3 mg/kg)는 심근병증에 대한 장기 모델을 유도한다11. 제시된 연구에 기초하여, 야생형 마우스는 치료 종료시까지 DCM의 특성과 일치하는 심장의 5 mg/kg 디스플레이 형태 및 조직학으로 한 달에 한 번 주 1회 주입하여 DCM 모델을 확립하는 이상적인 방법을 제공한다.

<table>
	<tbody>
		<tr>
			<td>4% paraformaldehyde</td>
			<td>servicebio</td>
			<td>CAS30525-89-4</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>C57BL/6 mice</td>
			<td>Model Animal Research Center of Nanjing University</td>
			<td>\</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Doxorubicin hydrochloride</td>
			<td>Pfizer</td>
			<td>CAS25316-40-9</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>echocardiography</td>
			<td>Visualsonics</td>
			<td>\</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Hematoxylin and Eosin staining kit</td>
			<td>Solarbio</td>
			<td>G1120</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Masson staining kit</td>
			<td>Solarbio</td>
			<td>G1343</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>phosphate buffer solution</td>
			<td>Sigma</td>
			<td>P5368</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>potassium chloride</td>
			<td>Sigma</td>
			<td>CAS7447-40-7</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>sterilized syringe</td>
			<td>Millipore</td>
			<td>SLGP033RB</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

a doxorubicin-induced murine model of dilated cardiomyopathy in vivo

팽창된 심근병증(DCM)은 고혈압, 용기, 선천성 또는 허혈성 심장 질환이 없는 경우 심실 팽창 및 우울한 심장 성능을 특징으로 하는 이질성 심근 장애의 스펙트럼을 말하며, 감염, 자가면역 또는 대사 이상 또는 가족 상속과 관련이 있을 수 있다. 그것은 가난한 예후와 혼잡 한 심부전으로 진행 될 수 있습니다. 독소루비신(Dox)은 화학요법 치료제로 널리 사용되고 있지만, 심근의 DCM과 같은 변화를 일으키기 때문에 그 사용은 제한적이다. 심근 독성은 산화 스트레스, 만성 염증 및 심근 세포 세포 세포증에 기인합니다. 이러한 독스 유도 DCM 증상을 악용하는 DCM의 모델이 확립되지 않았습니다.

심장 기능 확장된 심근병증은 진보적인 심실 팽창 및 수축 기능 장애를 특징으로 합니다. 도 2는 두 그룹의 대표적인 심초음파 이미지를 나타낸다. 독스 처리된 마우스는 현저하게 감소된 좌심실 방출 분획 및 좌심실 분수단축(도 3A, B)을보였다. LV 직경은 또한 확장기와 수축기 상 모두에서 증가(도 3<str...

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A Doxorubicin-Induced Murine Model of Dilated Cardiomyopathy In Vivo

설명된 것은 독소루비신의 장기 내류 주사를 통해 마우스에서 독소루비신 유도된 확장된 심근병증(DCM) 모델을 확립하는 프로토콜이다.

비보에서 확장 된 심근병증의 독소루비신 유도 뮤린 모델

Dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) refers to a spectrum of heterogeneous myocardial disorders characterized by ventricular dilation and depressed cardiac ...

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Research

JoVE Journal

Medicine

4.3K 조회수.  Clinical College of Nanjing Medical University. 설명된 것은 독소루비신의 장기 내류 주사를 통해 마우스에서 독소루비신 유도된 확장된 심근병증(DCM) 모델을 확립하는 프로토콜이다.

비디오: A Doxorubicin-Induced Murine Model of Dilated Cardiomyopathy In Vivo

Development of Obliterative Bronchiolitis in a Murine Model of Orthotopic Lung Transplantation

Orthotopic lung transplantation in rats was first reported by Asimacopoulos and colleagues in 1971 1. Currently, this method is well accepted and standardized not only for the study of allo-rejection but also between syngeneic strains for examining mechanisms of ischemia-reperfusion injury after lung transplantation. Although the application of the rat and other large animal model 2 contributed significantly to the elucidation of these studies, the scope of those investigations is limited by the scarcity of knockout and transgenic rats. Due to no effective therapies for obliterative bronchiolitis, the leading cause of death in lung transplant patients, there has been an intensive search for pre-clinical models that replicate obliterative bronchiolitis. The tracheal allograft model is the most widely used and may reproduce some of the histopathologic features of obliterative bronchiolitis 3. However, the lack of an intact vasculature with no connection to the recipient's conducting airways, and incomplete pathologic features of obliterative bronchiolitis limit the utility of this model 4. Unlike transplantation of other solid organs, vascularized mouse lung transplants have only recently been reported by Okazaki and colleagues for the first time in 2007 5. Applying the basic principles of the rat lung transplant, our lab initiated the obliterative bronchiolitis model using minor histoincompatible antigen murine orthotopic single-left lung transplants which allows the further study of obliterative bronchiolitis immunopathogenesis6.

Obliterative bronchiolitis is the key impediment to the long-term survival of lung transplant recipients and the lack of a robust preclinical model precludes examining obliterative bronchiolitis immunopathogenesis. Unlike other solid organ transplants, vascularized mouse lung transplantation has only recently been developed. Here we show our independently developed obliterative bronchiolitis model after murine orthotopic single-lung transplantation.

Orthotopic 폐 이식의 Murine 모델에 Obliterative Bronchiolitis의 개발

Orthotopic lung transplantation in rats was first reported by Asimacopoulos and colleagues in 1971 1. Currently, this method is well accepted and ...

연구

의학

Murine Model of Wound Healing

Wound healing and repair are the most complex biological processes that occur in human life. After injury, multiple biological pathways become activated. Impaired wound healing, which occurs in diabetic patients for example, can lead to severe unfavorable outcomes such as amputation. There is, therefore, an increasing impetus to develop novel agents that promote wound repair. The testing of these has been limited to large animal models such as swine, which are often impractical. Mice represent the ideal preclinical model, as they are economical and amenable to genetic manipulation, which allows for mechanistic investigation. However, wound healing in a mouse is fundamentally different to that of humans as it primarily occurs via contraction. Our murine model overcomes this by incorporating a splint around the wound. By splinting the wound, the repair process is then dependent on epithelialization, cellular proliferation and angiogenesis, which closely mirror the biological processes of human wound healing. Whilst requiring consistency and care, this murine model does not involve complicated surgical techniques and allows for the robust testing of promising agents that may, for example, promote angiogenesis or inhibit inflammation. Furthermore, each mouse acts as its own control as two wounds are prepared, enabling the application of both the test compound and the vehicle control on the same animal. In conclusion, we demonstrate a practical, easy-to-learn, and robust model of wound healing, which is comparable to that of humans.

A murine model of cutaneous wound healing that can be used to assess therapeutic compounds in physiological and pathophysiological settings.

상처 치유의 생쥐 모델

Wound healing and repair are the most complex biological processes that occur in human life. After injury, multiple biological pathways become activated. ...

A Murine Model of Subarachnoid Hemorrhage

In this video publication a standardized mouse model of subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) is presented. Bleeding is induced by endovascular Circle of Willis perforation (CWp) and proven by intracranial pressure (ICP) monitoring. Thereby a homogenous blood distribution in subarachnoid spaces surrounding the arterial circulation and cerebellar fissures is achieved. Animal physiology is maintained by intubation, mechanical ventilation, and continuous on-line monitoring of various physiological and cardiovascular parameters: body temperature, systemic blood pressure, heart rate, and hemoglobin saturation. Thereby the cerebral perfusion pressure can be tightly monitored resulting in a less variable volume of extravasated blood. This allows a better standardization of endovascular filament perforation in mice and makes the whole model highly reproducible. Thus it is readily available for pharmacological and pathophysiological studies in wild type and genetically altered mice.

A standardized mouse model of subarachnoid hemorrhage by intraluminal Circle of Willis perforation is described. Vessel perforation and subarachnoid bleeding are monitored by intracranial pressure monitoring. In addition various vital parameters are recorded and controlled to maintain physiologic conditions.

지주막 하 출혈의 생쥐 모델

In this video publication a standardized mouse model of subarachnoid  hemorrhage (SAH) is presented. Bleeding is induced by endovascular Circle of  Willis ...

A Preclinical Murine Model of Hepatic Metastases

Numerous murine models have been developed to study human cancers and advance the understanding of cancer treatment and development. Here, a preclinical, murine pancreatic tumor model of hepatic metastases via a hemispleen injection of syngeneic murine pancreatic tumor cells is described. This model mimics many of the clinical conditions in patients with metastatic disease to the liver. Mice consistently develop metastases in the liver allowing for investigation of the metastatic process, experimental therapy testing, and tumor immunology research.

A preclinical, murine model of hepatic metastases performed via a hemispleen injection technique.

간 전이의 전임상 쥐과 모델

Numerous murine models have been developed to study human cancers and advance the understanding of cancer treatment and development. Here, a preclinical, ...

Depletion of Mouse Cells from Human Tumor Xenografts Significantly Improves Downstream Analysis of Target Cells

The use of in vitro cell line models for cancer research has been a useful tool. However, it has been shown that these models fail to reliably mimic patient tumors in different assays1. Human tumor xenografts represent the gold standard with respect to tumor biology, drug discovery, and metastasis research 2-4. Tumor xenografts can be derived from different types of material like tumor cell lines, tumor tissue from primary patient tumors4 or serially transplanted tumors. When propagated in vivo, xenografted tissue is infiltrated and vascularized by cells of mouse origin. Multiple factors such as the tumor entity, the origin of xenografted material, growth rate and region of transplantation influence the composition and the amount of mouse cells present in tumor xenografts. However, even when these factors are kept constant, the degree of mouse cell contamination is highly variable.
Contaminating mouse cells significantly impair downstream analyses of human tumor xenografts. As mouse fibroblasts show high plating efficacies and proliferation rates, they tend to overgrow cultures of human tumor cells, especially slowly proliferating subpopulations. Mouse cell derived DNA, mRNA, and protein components can bias downstream gene expression analysis, next-generation sequencing, as well as proteome analysis 5. To overcome these limitations, we have developed a fast and easy method to isolate untouched human tumor cells from xenografted tumor tissue. This procedure is based on the comprehensive depletion of cells of mouse origin by combining automated tissue dissociation with the benchtop tissue dissociator and magnetic cell sorting. Here, we demonstrate that human target cells can be can be obtained with purities higher than 96% within less than 20 min independent of the tumor type.

Human tumor xenografts are vascularized and infiltrated by cells of mouse origin during the growth phase in vivo. To circumvent the bias caused by these contaminating cells during downstream analysis, we developed a method allowing for comprehensive depletion of all mouse cells by magnetic cell sorting.

인간 종양 이종 이식에서 마우스 세포의 고갈은 크게 대상 세포의 다운 스트림 분석을 향상

The use of in vitro cell line models for cancer research has been a useful tool. However, it has been shown that these models fail to reliably mimic ...

Tachycardia-Induced Cardiomyopathy As a Chronic Heart Failure Model in Swine

A stable and reliable model of chronic heart failure is required for many experiments to understand hemodynamics or to test effects of new treatment methods. Here, we present such a model by tachycardia-induced cardiomyopathy, which can be produced by rapid cardiac pacing in swine.
A single pacing lead is introduced transvenously into fully anaesthetized healthy swine, to the apex of the right ventricle, and fixated. Its other end is then tunneled dorsally to the paravertebral region. There, it is connected to an in-house modified heart pacemaker unit that is then implanted in a subcutaneous pocket. 
After 4 - 8 weeks of rapid ventricular pacing at rates of 200 - 240 beats/min, physical examination revealed signs of severe heart failure - tachypnea, spontaneous sinus tachycardia, and fatigue. Echocardiography and X-ray showed dilation of all heart chambers, effusions, and severe systolic dysfunction. These findings correspond well to decompensated dilated cardiomyopathy and are also preserved after the cessation of pacing.
This model of tachycardia-induced cardiomyopathy can be used for studying the pathophysiology of progressive chronic heart failure, especially hemodynamic changes caused by new treatment modalities like mechanical circulatory supports. This methodology is easy to perform and the results are robust and reproducible.

Here, we present a protocol to produce tachycardia-induced cardiomyopathy in swine. This model represents a potent way to study the hemodynamics of progressive chronic heart failure and the effects of applied treatment.

돼지에서 만성 심장 마비 모델로 tachycardia 유발 심근

A stable and reliable model of chronic heart failure is required for many experiments to understand hemodynamics or to test effects of new treatment ...

A Doxorubicin-induced Cardiomyopathy Model in Adult Zebrafish

The genetically accessible adult zebrafish (Danio rerio) has been increasingly used as a vertebrate model for understanding human diseases such as cardiomyopathy. Because of its convenience and amenability to high throughput genetic manipulations, the generation of acquired cardiomyopathy models, such as the doxorubicin-induced cardiomyopathy (DIC) model in adult zebrafish, is opening the doors to new research avenues, including discovering cardiomyopathy modifiers via forward genetic screening. Different from the embryonic zebrafish DIC model, both initial acute and later chronic phases of cardiomyopathy can be determined in the adult zebrafish DIC model, enabling the study of stage-dependent signaling mechanisms and therapeutic strategies. However, variable results can be obtained with the current model, even in the hands of experienced investigators. To facilitate future implementation of the DIC model, we present a detailed protocol on how to generate this DIC model in adult zebrafish and describe two alternative ways of intraperitoneal (IP) injection. We further discuss options on how to reduce variations to obtain reliable results and provide suggestions on how to appropriately interpret the results.

A method to generate a doxorubicin-induced cardiomyopathy model in adult zebrafish (Danio rerio) is described here. Two alternative ways of intraperitoneal injection are presented and conditions to reduce variations among different experimental groups are discussed.

성인 제 브라에서 독 소 루비 유발 심근 모델

The genetically accessible adult zebrafish (Danio rerio) has been increasingly used as a vertebrate model for understanding human diseases such as ...

Isometric Contractility Measurement of the Mouse Mesenteric Artery Using Wire Myography

The wire myograph technique is used to assess the contractility of vascular smooth muscles in response to depolarization, GPCR agonists/inhibitors and drugs. It is widely used in many studies on the physiological functions of vascular smooth muscle, the pathogenesis of vascular diseases such as hypertension, and the development of smooth muscle relaxant drugs. The mouse is a widely used model animal with a large pool of disease models and genetically modified strains. We introduced this method to measure the isometric contraction of mouse mesenteric artery in detail. A 1.4-mm segment of mouse mesenteric resistance artery was isolated and mounted on a myograph chamber by passing two steel wires through its lumen. After equilibration and normalization steps, the vessel segment was potentiated by a high-K+ solution twice prior to the contraction assay. As an example of the application of this method in drug development, we measured the relaxant effect of a novel natural substance, neoliensinine, isolated from a Chinese herb, embryos of the lotus seed (Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn.) on mouse mesenteric arteries. The vessel segments mounted on the myograph chamber were stimulated with a high-K+ solution. When the force tension reached a stable sustained phase, cumulative doses of neoliensinine were added to the chamber. We found that neoliensinine had a dose-dependent relaxant effect on smooth muscle contraction, thus suggesting that it bears potential activity against hypertension. In addition, as the vessel segment can survive at least 4 hours after mounting and maintain contractility induced by the high-K+ solution for many times, we suggest that the wire myograph system may be used for the time-consuming process of drug screening.

The wire myograph technique is used to investigate vascular smooth muscle functions and screen new drugs. We report a detailed protocol for measuring the isometric contractility of the mouse mesenteric artery and for screening new relaxants of vascular smooth muscle.

Myography 와이어를 사용 하 여 마우스 Mesenteric 동맥의 isometric 수축 측정

The wire myograph technique is used to assess the contractility of vascular smooth muscles in response to depolarization, GPCR agonists/inhibitors and ...

Assessing Therapeutic Angiogenesis in a Murine Model of Hindlimb Ischemia

Critical limb ischemia (CLI) is a serious condition that entails a high risk of lower limb amputation. Despite revascularization being the gold-standard therapy, a considerable number of CLI patients are not suited for either surgical or endovascular revascularization. Angiogenic therapies are emerging as an option for these patients but are currently still under investigation. Before application in humans, those therapies must be tested in animal models and its mechanisms must be clearly understood. An animal model of hindlimb ischemia (HLI) has been developed by the ligation and excision of the distal external iliac and femoral arteries and veins in mice. A comprehensive panel of tests was assembled to assess the effects of ischemia and putative angiogenic therapies at functional, histologic and molecular levels. Laser Doppler was used for the flow measurement and functional assessment of perfusion. Tissue response was evaluated by the analysis of capillary density after staining with the anti-CD31 antibody on histological sections of gastrocnemius muscle and by measurement of collateral vessel density after diaphonization. Expression of angiogenic genes was quantified by RT-PCR targeting selected angiogenic factors exclusively in endothelial cells (ECs) after laser capture microdissection from mice gastrocnemius muscles. These methods were sensitive in identifying differences between ischemic and non-ischemic limbs and between treated and non-treated limbs. This protocol provides a reproducible model of CLI and a framework for testing angiogenic therapies.

Here, a critical hindlimb ischemia experimental model is presented followed by a battery of functional, histologic and molecular tests&#160;to assess the effectiveness of angiogenic therapies.&#8203;

힌들보 리 허 혈의 뮤린 모델에서 치료 혈관 신생 평가

Critical limb ischemia (CLI) is a serious condition that entails a high risk of lower limb amputation. Despite revascularization being the gold-standard ...

Murine Precision-Cut Liver Slices as an Ex Vivo Model of Liver Biology

Understanding the mechanisms of liver injury, hepatic fibrosis, and cirrhosis that underlie chronic liver diseases (i.e., viral hepatitis, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, metabolic liver disease, and liver cancer) requires experimental manipulation of animal models and in vitro cell cultures. Both techniques have limitations, such as the requirement of large numbers of animals for in vivo manipulation. However, in vitro cell cultures do not reproduce the structure and function of the multicellular hepatic environment. The use of precision-cut liver slices is a technique in which uniform slices of viable mouse liver are maintained in laboratory tissue culture for experimental manipulation. This technique occupies an experimental niche that exists between animal studies and in vitro cell culture methods. The presented protocol describes a straightforward and reliable method to isolate and culture precision-cut liver slices from mice. As an application of this technique, ex vivo liver slices are treated with bile acids to simulate cholestatic liver injury and ultimately assess the mechanisms of hepatic fibrogenesis.

This protocol provides a simple and reliable method for the production of viable precision-cut liver slices from mice. The ex vivo tissue samples can be maintained under laboratory tissue culture conditions for multiple days, providing a flexible model to examine liver pathobiology.

뮤린 정밀 절단 간 슬라이스 간 생물학의 Ex Vivo 모델로

Understanding the mechanisms of liver injury, hepatic fibrosis, and cirrhosis that underlie chronic liver diseases (i.e., viral hepatitis, non-alcoholic ...