1. Participant Recruitment

1. Conduct a power analysis and recruit a sufficient number of participants.
2. Randomly assign half the participants to the experimental condition and the other half to the control condition.

2. Data Collection

1. Give participants a test booklet with twenty matrices from the Adding-to-10 Task.
   1. Each matrix is based on a set of twelve three-digit numbers, two of which sum exactly to 10 (see Figure 1 for example).
   2. This task is beneficial because the answers are unambiguous.

Figure 1: One of the more common test stimuli used to elicit the fudge factor is the Adding-To-10 Task. Participants are instructed to find two numbers that add to ten in each matrix (e.g., 4.31 and 5.69 in the example above).

2. Inform participants that, at the end of the session, two randomly selected participants will receive a bonus payment of $10 for each correctly solved matrix.
3. Explain to participants that their goal is to circle the two numbers on each matrix that add to 10 and to complete as many as possible within 4 min.
   1. It is imperative that the test is challenging enough so that most participants are unable to correctly answer all questions in the allotted time.
4. Call time after 4 min and instruct the participants to stop writing.
5. For the control condition: Collect test booklets directly from participants. Verify and record the number of questions correctly answered.
   1. This will ensure that participants in the control condition have no opportunity to cheat.
6. In the experimental condition: Read the correct answers to participants and allow them to 'grade' their own performance.
   1. Instruct them to tear off the back blank page of the booklet and write their name and number of total correct answers.
   2. Further instruct them to leave their answer page on the front desk and then dispose of, or take with them, the booklet.
      1. This provides the experimental group with an opportunity to cheat since the answers they actually recorded in the booklets cannot be verified.
7. Fully debrief participants.

3. Data Analysis

1. For the dependent measure, calculate the performance of both conditions by counting the number of correctly answered questions (control condition) versus the number of correctly answered questions reported(experimental condition).
   1. The control condition provides a baseline estimate since there is no opportunity to cheat. If people exploit the opportunity to cheat, then the number of correct answers reported in the experimental condition will be larger in comparison.