Name: doppler optical coherence tomography of retinal circulation
Uploaded: 2012-09-18T12:00:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Doppler Optical Coherence Tomography of Retinal Circulation at JoVE.com

This study is supported by NIH grant RO1 013516 and a grant form Optovue.

1. Protocol Text
<ol>
	<li>Patients are scanned by RTVue Fourier-domain optical coherence tomography (OCT) system (Optovue Inc., Fremont, CA, USA) using the circumpapillary double-circular scan (CDCS) and the 3D optic disc scan.
	<ol>
		<li>The CDCS pattern consists of two concentric circles around the optic nerve head. The inner ring diameter is 3.40 mm and the outer ring diameter is 3.75 mm. This pattern transects all branch retinal arteries and veins emanating from the optic nerve head. The double circles are pe...

<ol>
	<li>Wang, Y., Bower, B. A., Izatt, J. A., Tan, O., Huang, D. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Retinal+blood+flow+measurement+by+circumpapillary+Fourier+domain+Doppler+optical+coherence+tomography.">Retinal blood flow measurement by circumpapillary Fourier domain Doppler optical coherence tomography.</a> J. Biomed. Opt. 13, 064003 (2008).</li><li>Wang, Y. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Pilot+study+of+optical+coherence+tomography+measurement+of+retinal+blood+flow+in+retinal+and+optic+nerve+diseases.">Pilot study of optical coherence tomography measurement of retinal blood flow in retinal and optic nerve diseases.</a> Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. 52, 840-845 (2011).</li><li>Wang, Y. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Measurement+of+total+blood+flow+in+the+normal+human+retina+using+Doppler+Fourier-domain+optical+coherence+tomography.">Measurement of total blood flow in the normal human retina using Doppler Fourier-domain optical coherence tomography.</a> Br. J. Ophthalmol. 93, 634-637 (2009).</li><li>Wang, Y., Bower, B. A., Izatt, J. A., Tan, O., Huang, D. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=In+vivo+total+retinal+blood+flow+measurement+by+Fourier+domain+Doppler+optical+coherence+tomography.">In vivo total retinal blood flow measurement by Fourier domain Doppler optical coherence tomography.</a> J. Biomed. Opt. 12, 041215 (2007).</li><li>Wang, Y., Fawzi, A., Tan, O., Gil-Flamer, J., Huang, D. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Retinal+blood+flow+detection+in+diabetic+patients+by+Doppler+Fourier+domain+optical+coherence+tomography.">Retinal blood flow detection in diabetic patients by Doppler Fourier domain optical coherence tomography.</a> Opt. Express. 17, 4061-4073 (2009).</li><li>Berisha, F., Feke, G. T., Hirose, T., McMeel, J. W., Pasquale, L. R. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Retinal+blood+flow+and+nerve+fiber+layer+measurements+in+early-stage+open-angle+glaucoma.">Retinal blood flow and nerve fiber layer measurements in early-stage open-angle glaucoma.</a> Am. J. Ophthalmol. 146, 466-472 (2008).</li><li>Cuypers, M. H., Kasanardjo, J. S., Polak, B. C. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Retinal+blood+flow+changes+in+diabetic+retinopathy+measured+with+the+Heidelberg+scanning+laser+Doppler+flowmeter.">Retinal blood flow changes in diabetic retinopathy measured with the Heidelberg scanning laser Doppler flowmeter.</a> Graefes Arch. Clin. Exp. Ophthalmol. 238, 935-941 (2000).</li><li>Hafez, A. S., Bizzarro, R. L., Lesk, M. R. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Evaluation+of+optic+nerve+head+and+peripapillary+retinal+blood+flow+in+glaucoma+patients,+ocular+hypertensives,+and+normal+subjects.">Evaluation of optic nerve head and peripapillary retinal blood flow in glaucoma patients, ocular hypertensives, and normal subjects.</a> Am. J. Ophthalmol. 136, 1022-1031 (2003).</li><li>Klaver, C. C., Wolfs, R. C., Vingerling, J. R., Hofman, A., de Jong, P. T. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Age-specific+prevalence+and+causes+of+blindness+and+visual+impairment+in+an+older+population:+the+Rotterdam+Study.">Age-specific prevalence and causes of blindness and visual impairment in an older population: the Rotterdam Study.</a> Arch. Ophthalmol. 116, 653-658 (1998).</li><li>Logan, J. F., Rankin, S. J., Jackson, A. J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Retinal+blood+flow+measurements+and+neuroretinal+rim+damage+in+glaucoma.">Retinal blood flow measurements and neuroretinal rim damage in glaucoma.</a> Br. J. Ophthalmol. 88, 1049-1054 (2004).</li><li>Chung, H. S., Harris, A., Kagemann, L., Martin, B. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Peripapillary+retinal+blood+flow+in+normal+tension+glaucoma.">Peripapillary retinal blood flow in normal tension glaucoma.</a> Br. J. Ophthalmol. 83, 466-469 (1999).</li><li>Deokule, S., Vizzeri, G., Boehm, A., Bowd, C., Weinreb, R. N. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Association+of+visual+field+severity+and+parapapillary+retinal+blood+flow+in+open-angle+glaucoma.">Association of visual field severity and parapapillary retinal blood flow in open-angle glaucoma.</a> J. Glaucoma. 19, 293-298 (2010).</li><li>Riva, C. E., Grunwald, J. E., Sinclair, S. H., Petrig, B. L. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Blood+velocity+and+volumetric+flow+rate+in+human+retinal+vessels.">Blood velocity and volumetric flow rate in human retinal vessels.</a> Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. 26, 1124-1132 (1985).</li><li>Garcia, J. P., Garcia, P. T., Rosen, R. B. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Retinal+blood+flow+in+the+normal+human+eye+using+the+canon+laser+blood+flowmeter.">Retinal blood flow in the normal human eye using the canon laser blood flowmeter.</a> Ophthalmic Res. 34, 295-299 (2002).</li><li>Flammer, J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+impact+of+ocular+blood+flow+in+glaucoma.">The impact of ocular blood flow in glaucoma.</a> Prog. Retin. Eye Res. 21, 359-393 (2002).</li><li>Mitchell, P. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Retinal+vessel+diameter+and+open-angle+glaucoma:+the+Blue+Mountains+Eye+Study.">Retinal vessel diameter and open-angle glaucoma: the Blue Mountains Eye Study.</a> Ophthalmology. 112, 245-250 (2005).</li><li>Nicolela, M. T., Hnik, P., Drance, S. M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Scanning+laser+Doppler+flowmeter+study+of+retinal+and+optic+disk+blood+flow+in+glaucomatous+patients.">Scanning laser Doppler flowmeter study of retinal and optic disk blood flow in glaucomatous patients.</a> Am. J. Ophthalmol. 122, 775-783 (1996).</li><li>Goebel, W. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Color+Doppler+imaging:+a+new+technique+to+assess+orbital+blood+flow+in+patients+with+diabetic+retinopathy.">Color Doppler imaging: a new technique to assess orbital blood flow in patients with diabetic retinopathy.</a> Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. 36, 864-870 (1995).</li></ol>

Blood flow abnormalities occur in glaucoma and vascular diseases of the retina such as diabetic retinopathy.6-10 Volumetric measurement of retinal blood flow gives valuable information about the disease process.4-6,11,12 DOCTORC provides a practical way to estimate total retinal blood flow based on the measurements in individual vessels determined by Doppler OCT using the double circle scan pattern.1-5
The mean total retinal blood flow measured by Doppler OCT ...

<table border="1">
 <tbody>
 <tr>
 <td>Name of the reagent/equipment</td>
 <td>Company</td>
 <td>Catalogue number</td>
 <td>Comments (optional)</td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td>RTVue Fourier Domain optical coherence tomography </td>
 <td>Optovue </td>
 <td>N/A</td>
 <td>Version 6.1.0.21 or higher 
 Installed with blood flow double ring scan pattern </td>
 </tr>
 </tbody>
</table>

doppler optical coherence tomography of retinal circulation

Noncontact retinal blood flow measurements are performed with a Fourier domain optical coherence tomography (OCT) system using a circumpapillary double circular scan (CDCS) that scans around the optic nerve head at 3.40 mm and 3.75 mm diameters. The double concentric circles are performed 6 times consecutively over 2 sec. The CDCS scan is saved with Doppler shift information from which flow can be calculated. The standard clinical protocol calls for 3 CDCS scans made with the OCT beam passing through the superonasal edge of the pupil and 3 CDCS scan through the inferonal pupil. This double-angle protocol ensures that acceptable Doppler angle is obtained on each retinal branch vessel in at least 1 scan. The CDCS scan data, a 3-dimensional volumetric OCT scan of the optic disc scan, and a color photograph of the optic disc are used together to obtain retinal blood flow measurement on an eye. We have developed a blood flow measurement software called "Doppler optical coherence tomography of retinal circulation" (DOCTORC). This semi-automated software is used to measure total retinal blood flow, vessel cross section area, and average blood velocity. The flow of each vessel is calculated from the Doppler shift in the vessel cross-sectional area and the Doppler angle between the vessel and the OCT beam. Total retinal blood flow measurement is summed from the veins around the optic disc. The results obtained at our Doppler OCT reading center showed good reproducibility between graders and methods (&lt;10%). Total retinal blood flow could be useful in the management of glaucoma, other retinal diseases, and retinal diseases. In glaucoma patients, OCT retinal blood flow measurement was highly correlated with visual field loss (R2&gt;0.57 with visual field pattern deviation). Doppler OCT is a new method to perform rapid, noncontact, and repeatable measurement of total retinal blood flow using widely available Fourier-domain OCT instrumentation. This new technology may improve the practicality of making these measurements in clinical studies and routine clinical practice.

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Doppler Optical Coherence Tomography of Retinal Circulation at JoVE.com

Doppler Optical Coherence Tomography of Retinal Circulation

Total retinal blood flow is measured by Doppler optical coherence tomography and semi-automated grading software.

Noncontact retinal blood flow measurements are performed with a Fourier domain optical coherence tomography (OCT) system using a circumpapillary double ...

Research

JoVE Journal

Medicine

Near Infrared Optical Projection Tomography for Assessments of &beta;-cell Mass Distribution in Diabetes Research

Near Infrared Optical Projection Tomography for Assessments of ÃƒÅ½Ã‚Â²-cell Mass Distribution in Diabetes Research

By adapting OPT to include the capability of imaging in the near infrared (NIR) spectrum, we here illustrate the possibility to image larger bodies of ...

Generation and 3-Dimensional Quantitation of Arterial Lesions in Mice Using Optical Projection Tomography

The generation and analysis of vascular lesions in appropriate animal models is a cornerstone of research into cardiovascular disease, generating ...

In Vivo, Percutaneous, Needle Based, Optical Coherence Tomography of Renal Masses

In Vivo, Percutaneous, Needle Based, Optical Coherence Tomography of Renal Masses

Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is the optical equivalent of ultrasound imaging, based on the backscattering of near infrared light. OCT provides real ...

Fluorescent Dye Labeling of Erythrocytes and Leukocytes for Studying the Flow Dynamics in Mouse Retinal Circulation

The retinal and choroidal blood flow dynamics may provide insight into the pathophysiology and sequelae of various ocular diseases, such as glaucoma, ...

Ultrahigh Resolution Mouse Optical Coherence Tomography to Aid Intraocular Injection in Retinal Gene Therapy Research

HR-SD-OCT is utilized to monitor the progression of photoreceptor degeneration in live mouse models, assess the delivery of therapeutic agents into the ...

In Vivo Imaging of Cx3cr1gfp/gfp Reporter Mice with Spectral-domain Optical Coherence Tomography and Scanning Laser Ophthalmoscopy

In Vivo Imaging of Cx3cr1gfp/gfp Reporter Mice with Spectral-domain Optical Coherence Tomography and Scanning Laser Ophthalmoscopy

Spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) and scanning laser ophthalmoscopy (SLO) are extensively used in experimental ophthalmology. In the ...

Laser Doppler: A Tool for Measuring Pancreatic Islet Microvascular Vasomotion In Vivo

Laser Doppler: A Tool for Measuring Pancreatic Islet Microvascular Vasomotion In Vivo

As a functional status of microcirculation, microvascular vasomotion is important for the delivery of oxygen and nutrients and the removal of carbon ...

Evaluation of Cerebral Blood Flow Autoregulation in the Rat Using Laser Doppler Flowmetry

When investigating the body&#39;s mechanisms for regulating cerebral blood flow, a relative measurement of microcirculatory blood flow can be obtained ...

Laser Doppler Perfusion Imaging in the Mouse Hindlimb

Blood flow recovery is a critical outcome measure after experimental hindlimb ischemia or ischemia-reperfusion. Laser Doppler perfusion imaging (LDPI) is ...

Retinal Pigment Epithelium Transplantation in a Non-human Primate Model for Degenerative Retinal Diseases

Retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) transplantation holds great promise for the treatment of inherited and acquired retinal degenerative diseases. These ...