We thank Drs. Alex Gelbard and Willem Overwijk for advice on hydrodynamic gene transfer. This work was supported by grants from the NIH (AI098099, SSW), the MD Anderson Center for Cancer Epigenetics, the MD Anderson Center for Inflammation and Cancer (SSW), and the R.E. Bob Smith Education Fund (HSL).

Institutional approval must be obtained in advance for all experimental manipulations described herein involving mice. These include the use of C57BL6 mice for isolation of bone marrow progenitor cells, Ifnar-/- mice as recipients for adoptive transfer of hematopoietic progenitors and use of HGT for cytokine overexpression in vivo. Appropriate housing and animal care must also be provided by the investigator or institution. Furthermore, institutional approval may be required for the plasmids ...

<ol>
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The authors declare&#160;no competing financial interests.

The adoptive transfer technique described herein assessed the contribution of CDPs to the PP pDC population in recipient mice that are deficient in PP pDCs (e.g.&#160;Ifnar-/- mice). In future experiments, it will be important to evaluate the potential of other progenitor subsets in generating PP pDCs, in particular whether PP pDCs derive from Flt3+ CLPs. This question is significant since it remains unclear why PP pDCs are uniquely sensitive to IFNAR-STAT1 signals for PP accrual<s...

Here, we demonstrate a protocol to assess whether common dendritic cell progenitors (CDPs) are capable of giving rise to the plasmacytoid dendritic cell (pDC) population in Peyer&#39;s patch (PP). The overall goal of using this method was to evaluate the developmental regulation of pDCs in Peyer&#39;s patch (PP pDCs). The reason this is important is that PP pDCs differ from pDCs found in other tissues, including bone marrow, blood and spleen, and therefore it is unclear whether PP pDCs and other pDC populations are developmentally and/or functionally related. Specifically, pDCs are widely known for being the principal type I interferon (IFN) producers within the hematopoietic system, responding to Toll-like receptor 7 and 9 (TLR7/9) stimulation by rapid IFN secretion1-3. However, PP pDCs are deficient in producing type I IFN in response to TLR agonist stimulation4,5. Moreover, PP pDCs also differ from pDCs found in bone marrow and spleen in requiring signals from the type I interferon (IFN) receptor (IFNAR1) or the IFN signaling molecule STAT1 for their development and/or accumulation5. These data have suggested the possibility that distinct regulatory mechanisms control PP pDCs versus pDCs in other organs (e.g.&#160;bone marrow, spleen)5.
The rationale that led to the development of this method was based on recent advances in understanding dendritic cell (DC) biology. Most, if not all, DC subsets derive from hematopoietic progenitors that express the FMS-like tyrosine kinase 3 receptor (Flt3)6-10; however, DC development is not restricted to the classic myeloid and lymphoid pathways. For example, Flt3+ common myeloid progenitors (CMPs, lin- IL-7R- Sca-1- c-kit+ CD34+ Fc&#947;Rlo/-) give rise to CDPs (lin- c-kitlo CD115+ Flt3+), which further differentiate into pDCs and conventional DCs (cDCs)9,10. By contrast, Flt3+ common lymphoid progenitors (CLPs, lin- IL-7R+ Sca-1lo c-kitlo) develop primarily into pDCs11. Therefore, prior studies indicate pDCs arise from at least 2 distinct hematopoietic progenitor populations under the regulation of Flt3L, although the typical analysis has been restricted to the bone marrow, spleen and/or blood pDC subsets. Thus, the progenitor population(s) that generates PP pDCs required investigation. Understanding the origins of PP pDCs will shed light on whether they share common developmental pathways with other pDC populations, or utilize distinct mechanisms during their generation in PP.
A unique advantage of the approach described herein is the use of mice that show a severe deficiency in PP pDCs as recipients for the adoptive transfer of hematopoietic progenitors. Mice with genetic deletion in the gene encoding IFNAR1 (Ifnar-/- mice) or STAT1 (Stat1-/-) revealed a striking depletion in PP pDCs5. Therefore, these strains provide an environment in which PP pDCs are reduced, allowing adoptive transfer studies to be performed in the absence of potent cell ablation regimes such as lethal irradiation. An additional strength of the method presented here is the use of hydrodynamic gene transfer (HGT) to stimulate elevated circulating amounts of Flt3L. This provides a cost effective approach to induce Flt3L in vivo, versus injection of recombinant protein. Numerous studies, including those in our lab, have employed HGT to induce cytokine amounts in a variety of experimental conditions5,12,13.
The division of labor and precise immune functions for DCs is of major interest in immunology. In particular, pDCs are important mediators of oral tolerance and systemic anti-viral responses, yet they also appear to contribute to the development and persistence of autoimmunity and cancer14-17. The protocol described herein will allow the developmental mechanisms regulating PP pDCs to be more fully explored. In addition, this approach may allow studies to assess PP pDC function, and may be extended to understanding the regulation and function of other immune populations within PPs.

<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="867">
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		<col />
		<col />
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		<col />
	</colgroup>
	<tbody>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:260px;">C57BL/6J</td>
			<td style="width:201px;">JAX</td>
			<td style="width:177px;">664</td>
			<td style="width:229px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:260px;">B6.SJL</td>
			<td style="width:201px;">JAX</td>
			<td style="width:177px;">2014</td>
			<td style="width:229px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:260px;">RPMI</td>
			<td style="width:201px;">Invitrogen</td>
			<td style="width:177px;">11875-093</td>
			<td style="width:229px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:260px;">15 ml conical tubes</td>
			<td style="width:201px;">BD Biosciences</td>
			<td style="width:177px;">352095</td>
			<td style="width:229px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:260px;">50 ml conical tubes</td>
			<td style="width:201px;">BD Biosciences</td>
			<td style="width:177px;">352070</td>
			<td style="width:229px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:260px;">Sterile surgical tweezers</td>
			<td style="width:201px;"></td>
			<td style="width:177px;"></td>
			<td style="width:229px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:260px;">Sterile small pair scissors</td>
			<td style="width:201px;"></td>
			<td style="width:177px;"></td>
			<td style="width:229px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:260px;">Sterile large pair scissors</td>
			<td style="width:201px;"></td>
			<td style="width:177px;"></td>
			<td style="width:229px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:260px;">40 &#956;m cell strainer</td>
			<td style="width:201px;">BD Biosciences</td>
			<td style="width:177px;">352340</td>
			<td style="width:229px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:260px;">35 &#956;m cell strainer cap tubes</td>
			<td style="width:201px;">BD Biosciences</td>
			<td style="width:177px;">352235</td>
			<td style="width:229px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:260px;">RBC lysing buffer</td>
			<td style="width:201px;">Sigma</td>
			<td style="width:177px;">R7757</td>
			<td style="width:229px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="40">
			<td height="40" style="height:40px;width:260px;">FACS buffer</td>
			<td style="width:201px;"></td>
			<td style="width:177px;"></td>
			<td style="width:229px;">PBS, 2 mM EDTA, 1% FCS, filter sterilized</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:260px;">Percoll</td>
			<td style="width:201px;">GE Healthcare</td>
			<td style="width:177px;">17089102</td>
			<td style="width:229px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:260px;">10XHBSS</td>
			<td style="width:201px;">Sigma</td>
			<td style="width:177px;">H4641</td>
			<td style="width:229px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:260px;">Collagenase IV</td>
			<td style="width:201px;">Worthington</td>
			<td style="width:177px;">LS004188</td>
			<td style="width:229px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:260px;">Goat ant-rat IgG microbeads</td>
			<td style="width:201px;">Milteyni Biotec</td>
			<td style="width:177px;">130-048-501</td>
			<td style="width:229px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:260px;">LD column</td>
			<td style="width:201px;">Milteyni Biotec</td>
			<td style="width:177px;">130-042-901</td>
			<td style="width:229px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:260px;">Rat anti-D3</td>
			<td style="width:201px;">BD Biosciences</td>
			<td style="width:177px;">555273</td>
			<td style="width:229px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:260px;">Rat anti-CD19</td>
			<td style="width:201px;">BD Biosciences</td>
			<td style="width:177px;">553783</td>
			<td style="width:229px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:260px;">Rat anti-CD11b</td>
			<td style="width:201px;">BD Biosciences</td>
			<td style="width:177px;">553308</td>
			<td style="width:229px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:260px;">Rat anti-CD11c</td>
			<td style="width:201px;">BD Biosciences</td>
			<td style="width:177px;">553799</td>
			<td style="width:229px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:260px;">Rat anti-Ter119</td>
			<td style="width:201px;">BD Biosciences</td>
			<td style="width:177px;">553671</td>
			<td style="width:229px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:260px;">Anti-CD3 (PerCP)</td>
			<td style="width:201px;">eBiosciences</td>
			<td style="width:177px;">45-0031</td>
			<td style="width:229px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:260px;">Anti-CD19 (PerCP)</td>
			<td style="width:201px;">eBiosciences</td>
			<td style="width:177px;">45-0193</td>
			<td style="width:229px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:260px;">Anti-CD11b (PerCP)</td>
			<td style="width:201px;">eBiosciences</td>
			<td style="width:177px;">45-0112</td>
			<td style="width:229px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:260px;">Anti-CD11c (PerCP)</td>
			<td style="width:201px;">eBiosciences</td>
			<td style="width:177px;">45-0114</td>
			<td style="width:229px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:260px;">Anti-F4/80 (PerCP)</td>
			<td style="width:201px;">eBiosciences</td>
			<td style="width:177px;">45-4801</td>
			<td style="width:229px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:260px;">Anti-Ter119 (PerCP)</td>
			<td style="width:201px;">eBiosciences</td>
			<td style="width:177px;">45-5921</td>
			<td style="width:229px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:260px;">Anti-Sca-1 (PE.Cy7)</td>
			<td style="width:201px;">eBiosciences</td>
			<td style="width:177px;">25-5981</td>
			<td style="width:229px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:260px;">Anti-CD115 (APC)</td>
			<td style="width:201px;">eBiosciences</td>
			<td style="width:177px;">17-1152</td>
			<td style="width:229px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:260px;">Anti-c-kit (APC.Cy7)&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:201px;">eBiosciences</td>
			<td style="width:177px;">47-1171</td>
			<td style="width:229px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:260px;">Anti-IL-7R (Pacific Blue)</td>
			<td style="width:201px;">eBiosciences</td>
			<td style="width:177px;">48-1271</td>
			<td style="width:229px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:260px;">Anti-Flt3 (PE)</td>
			<td style="width:201px;">eBiosciences</td>
			<td style="width:177px;">12-1351</td>
			<td style="width:229px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:260px;">Anti-CD45.1 (APC.Cy7)</td>
			<td style="width:201px;">BD Biosciences</td>
			<td style="width:177px;">560579</td>
			<td style="width:229px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:260px;">Anti-CD45.2 (PE.Cy7)</td>
			<td style="width:201px;">Biolegend</td>
			<td style="width:177px;">109830</td>
			<td style="width:229px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:260px;">Anti-CD11c (Pacific Blue)</td>
			<td style="width:201px;">eBiosciences</td>
			<td style="width:177px;">48-0114</td>
			<td style="width:229px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:260px;">Anti-B220 (APC)</td>
			<td style="width:201px;">eBiosciences</td>
			<td style="width:177px;">25-0452</td>
			<td style="width:229px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:260px;">Anti-Siglec-H (PE)</td>
			<td style="width:201px;">eBiosciences</td>
			<td style="width:177px;">12-0333</td>
			<td style="width:229px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:260px;">Anti-PDCA-1 (FITC)</td>
			<td style="width:201px;">eBiosciences</td>
			<td style="width:177px;">Nov-72</td>
			<td style="width:229px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:260px;">Cell sorter</td>
			<td style="width:201px;">BD Biosciences</td>
			<td style="width:177px;"></td>
			<td style="width:229px;">e.g. BD Fortessa</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:260px;">Heat lamp</td>
			<td style="width:201px;"></td>
			<td style="width:177px;"></td>
			<td style="width:229px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:260px;">Mouse restrainer</td>
			<td style="width:201px;"></td>
			<td style="width:177px;"></td>
			<td style="width:229px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:260px;">1 ml syringes</td>
			<td style="width:201px;">Becton Dickinson</td>
			<td style="width:177px;">309602</td>
			<td style="width:229px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:260px;">27&#189; G needles (sterile)</td>
			<td style="width:201px;">Becton Dickinson</td>
			<td style="width:177px;">305109</td>
			<td style="width:229px;"></td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

assessing the development of murine plasmacytoid dendritic cells in peyer's patches using adoptive transfer of hematopoietic progenitors

This protocol details a method to analyze the ability of purified hematopoietic progenitors to generate plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDC) in intestinal Peyer&#39;s patch (PP). Common dendritic cell progenitors (CDPs, lin- c-kitlo CD115+ Flt3+) were purified from the bone marrow of C57BL6 mice by FACS and transferred to recipient mice that lack a significant pDC population in PP; in this case, Ifnar-/- mice were used as the transfer recipients. In some mice, overexpression of the dendritic cell growth factor Flt3 ligand (Flt3L) was enforced prior to adoptive transfer of CDPs, using hydrodynamic gene transfer (HGT) of Flt3L-encoding plasmid. Flt3L overexpression expands DC populations originating from transferred (or endogenous) hematopoietic progenitors. At 7-10 days after progenitor transfer, pDCs that arise from the adoptively transferred progenitors were distinguished from recipient cells on the basis of CD45 marker expression, with pDCs from transferred CDPs being CD45.1+ and recipients being CD45.2+. The ability of transferred CDPs to contribute to the pDC population in PP and to respond to Flt3L was evaluated by flow cytometry of PP single cell suspensions from recipient mice. This method may be used to test whether other progenitor populations are capable of generating PP pDCs. In addition, this approach could be used to examine the role of factors that are predicted to affect pDC development in PP, by transferring progenitor subsets with an appropriate knockdown, knockout or overexpression of the putative developmental factor and/or by manipulating circulating cytokines via HGT. This method may also allow analysis of how PP pDCs affect the frequency or function of other immune subsets in PPs. A unique feature of this method is the use of Ifnar-/- mice, which show severely depleted PP pDCs relative to wild type animals, thus allowing reconstitution of PP pDCs in the absence of confounding effects from lethal irradiation.

Our results show the gating strategy for the isolation of CDPs from mouse bone marrow cells (Figure 1), as detailed in Protocols 2 and 3. CDPs comprise approximately 0.1% of total bone marrow cells, and roughly 4-6 x 104 CDPs can be isolated from one mouse. Upon adoptive transfer, CDPs differentiate into pDCs and cDCs10.
<img alt="Figure 1" fo:content-width="5in" fo:src="/files/ftp_upload/51189/51189f...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Assessing the Development of Murine Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cells in Peyer's Patches Using Adoptive Transfer of Hematopoietic Progenitors at JoVE.com

Assessing the Development of Murine Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cells in Peyer&#039;s Patches Using Adoptive Transfer of Hematopoietic Progenitors

This protocol describes experimental procedures to assess the differentiation of plasmacytoid dendritic cells in Peyer&#8217;s patch from common dendritic cell progenitors, using techniques involving FACS-mediated cell isolation, hydrodynamic gene transfer, and flow analysis of immune subsets in Peyer&#8217;s patch.

Assessing the Development of Murine Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cells in Peyer's Patches Using Adoptive Transfer of Hematopoietic Progenitors

This protocol details a method to analyze the ability of purified hematopoietic progenitors to generate plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDC) in intestinal ...

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Research

JoVE Journal

Immunology and Infection

11.1K Views.  The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center. This protocol describes experimental procedures to assess the differentiation of plasmacytoid dendritic cells in Peyer’s patch from common dendritic cell progenitors, using techniques involving FACS-mediated cell isolation, hydrodynamic gene transfer, and flow analysis of immune subsets in Peyer’s patch.