Name: protocol for the synthesis of ortho-trifluoromethoxylated aniline derivatives
Uploaded: 2016-01-19T15:00:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Protocol for the Synthesis of Ortho-trifluoromethoxylated Aniline Derivatives at JoVE.com

We acknowledge generous start-up funds from the State University of New York at Stony Brook in support of this work. We also thank TOSOH F-Tech, Inc. for providing us TMSCF3 reagent for the synthesis of Togni reagent II.

1. Precursor Preparation: Synthesis of Methyl 4-(N-hydroxyacetamido)benzoate (1a)
<ol>
	<li>Reduction of methyl 4-nitrobenzoate.
	<ol>
		<li>Add 5.00 g of methyl 4-nitrobenzoate (27.6 mmol, 1.00 equiv), 159 mg of 5% Rhodium on carbon (Rh/C, 0.300 mol% Rh), and a magnetic stir-bar into an oven-dried 250 ml two-neck round-bottom flask (dried at 150 &#176;C for 18 hr). 
		NOTE: Reagents can be weighed out under ambient atmosphere. However, the reaction needs to be carried out under nitrogen ...

<ol>
	<li>Yagupolskii, L. M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Sintez+proizvodnykh+feniltriftormetilovogo+efira.">Sintez proizvodnykh feniltriftormetilovogo efira.</a> Dokl. Akad. Nauk SSSR. 105, 100-102 (1955).</li><li>Booth, H. S., Burchfield, P. E. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Fluorination+of+halogeno+methyl+ethers.+I.+Fluorination+of+trichlorodimethyl+ether.">Fluorination of halogeno methyl ethers. I. Fluorination of trichlorodimethyl ether.</a> J. Am. Chem. Soc. 57, 2070 (1935).</li><li>McClinton, M. A., McClinton, D. A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Trifluoromethylations+and+related+reactions+in+organic-chemistry.">Trifluoromethylations and related reactions in organic-chemistry.</a> Tetrahedron. 48, 6555-6666 (1992).</li><li>Hansch, C., Leo, A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=.">.</a> Substituent Constants for Correlation Analysis in Chemistry and Biology. , (1979).</li><li>Leroux, F., Jeschke, P., Schlosser, M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Alpha-fluorinated+ethers,+thioethers,+and+amines:+Anomerically+biased+species.">Alpha-fluorinated ethers, thioethers, and amines: Anomerically biased species.</a> Chem. Rev. 105, 827-856 (2005).</li><li>Jeschke, P., Baston, E., Leroux, F. R. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Alpha-fluorinated+ethers+as+'exotic'+entity+in+medicinal+chemistry.">Alpha-fluorinated ethers as 'exotic' entity in medicinal chemistry.</a> Mini-Rev. Med. Chem. 7, 1027-1034 (2007).</li><li>Leroux, F. R., Manteau, B., Vors, J. P., Pazenok, S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Trifluoromethyl+ethers+-+synthesis+and+properties+of+an+unusual+substituent.">Trifluoromethyl ethers - synthesis and properties of an unusual substituent.</a> Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 4, (2008).</li><li>Fantasia, S., Welch, J. M., Togni, A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Reactivity+of+a+hypervalent+iodine+trifluoromethylating+reagent+toward+THF:+ring+opening+and+formation+of+trifluoromethyl+ethers.">Reactivity of a hypervalent iodine trifluoromethylating reagent toward THF: ring opening and formation of trifluoromethyl ethers.</a> J. Org. Chem. 75, 1779-1782 (2010).</li><li>Manteau, B., Pazenok, S., Vors, J. P., Leroux, F. R. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=New+trends+in+the+chemistry+of+alpha-fluorinated+ethers,+thioethers,+amines+and+phosphines.">New trends in the chemistry of alpha-fluorinated ethers, thioethers, amines and phosphines.</a> J. Fluorine Chem. 131, 140-158 (2010).</li><li>Landelle, G., Panossian, A., Leroux, F. R. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Trifluoromethyl+ethers+and+-thioethers+as+tools+for+medicinal+chemistry+and+drug+discovery.">Trifluoromethyl ethers and -thioethers as tools for medicinal chemistry and drug discovery.</a> Curr. Top. Med. Chem. 14, 941-951 (2014).</li><li>Liang, T., Neumann, C. N., Ritter, T. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Introduction+of+fluorine+and+fluorine-containing+functional+groups.">Introduction of fluorine and fluorine-containing functional groups.</a> Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 52, 8214-8264 (2013).</li><li>Yarovenko, N. N., Vasileva, A. S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+new+method+for+the+introduction+of+trihalomethyl+groups+into+organic+molecules.">A new method for the introduction of trihalomethyl groups into organic molecules.</a> Zh. Obshch. Khim. 28, 2502-2504 (1958).</li><li>Yagupols, L., Troitskaya, V. I. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Synthesis+of+phenyl+trifluoromethyl+ether+derivatives.">Synthesis of phenyl trifluoromethyl ether derivatives.</a> Zh. Obshch. Khim. 31, 915-924 (1961).</li><li>Yagupolskii, L. M., Orda, V. V. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Bis(triftormetoksi+I+triftormetilmerkapto)-proizvodnye+benzola.">Bis(triftormetoksi I triftormetilmerkapto)-proizvodnye benzola.</a> Zh. Obshch. Khim. 34, 1979-1984 (1964).</li><li>Louw, R., Franken, P. W. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Selective+side-chain+chlorination+of+methoxybenzenes.">Selective side-chain chlorination of methoxybenzenes.</a> Chem Ind-London. , 127-128 (1977).</li><li>Feiring, A. E. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Chemistry+in+hydrogen-fluoride.+7.+Novel+synthesis+of+aryl+trifluoromethyl+ethers.">Chemistry in hydrogen-fluoride. 7. Novel synthesis of aryl trifluoromethyl ethers.</a> J. Org. Chem. 44, 2907-2910 (1979).</li><li>Salome, J., Mauger, C., Brunet, S., Schanen, V. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Synthesis+conditions+and+activity+of+various+Lewis+acids+for+the+fluorination+of+trichloromethoxy-benzene+by+HF+in+liquid+phase.">Synthesis conditions and activity of various Lewis acids for the fluorination of trichloromethoxy-benzene by HF in liquid phase.</a> J. Fluorine Chem. 125, 1947-1950 (2004).</li><li>Sheppard, W. A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Alpha-Fluorinated+Ethers.+I.+Aryl+Fluoroalkyl+Ethers.">Alpha-Fluorinated Ethers. I. Aryl Fluoroalkyl Ethers.</a> J. Org. Chem. 29, 1-11 (1964).</li><li>Kuroboshi, M., Suzuki, K., Hiyama, T. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Oxidative+desulfurization-fluorination+of+xanthates+-+a+convenient+synthesis+of+trifluoromethyl+ethers+and+difluoro(methylthio)methyl+ethers.">Oxidative desulfurization-fluorination of xanthates - a convenient synthesis of trifluoromethyl ethers and difluoro(methylthio)methyl ethers.</a> Tetrahedron Lett. 33, 4173-4176 (1992).</li><li>Kanie, K., Tanaka, Y., Suzuki, K., Kuroboshi, M., Hiyama, T. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+convenient+synthesis+of+trifluoromethyl+ethers+by+oxidative+desulfurization-fluorination+of+dithio+carbonates.">A convenient synthesis of trifluoromethyl ethers by oxidative desulfurization-fluorination of dithio carbonates.</a> Bull. Chem. Soc. Jpn. 73, 471-484 (2000).</li><li>Kuroboshi, M., Kanie, K., Hiyama, T. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Oxidative+desulfurization-fluorination:+A+facile+entry+to+a+wide+variety+of+organofluorine+compounds+leading+to+novel+liquid-crystalline+materials.">Oxidative desulfurization-fluorination: A facile entry to a wide variety of organofluorine compounds leading to novel liquid-crystalline materials.</a> Adv. Synth. Catal. 343, 235-250 (2001).</li><li>Umemoto, T. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Electrophilic+perfluoroalkylating+agents.">Electrophilic perfluoroalkylating agents.</a> Chem. Rev. 96, 1757-1777 (1996).</li><li>Umemoto, T., Adachi, K., Ishihara, S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=CF3+oxonium+salts,+O-(trifluoromethyl)dibenzofuranium+salts:+in+situ+synthesis,+properties,+and+application+as+a+real+CF3++species+reagent.">CF3 oxonium salts, O-(trifluoromethyl)dibenzofuranium salts: in situ synthesis, properties, and application as a real CF3+ species reagent.</a> J. Org. Chem. 72, 6905-6917 (2007).</li><li>Stanek, K., Koller, R., Togni, A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Reactivity+of+a+10-I-3+hypervalent+iodine+trifluoromethylation+reagent+with+phenols.">Reactivity of a 10-I-3 hypervalent iodine trifluoromethylation reagent with phenols.</a> J. Org. Chem. 73, 7678-7685 (2008).</li><li>Koller, R., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Zinc-mediated+formation+of+trifluoromethyl+ethers+from+alcohols+and+hypervalent+iodine+trifluoromethylation+reagents.">Zinc-mediated formation of trifluoromethyl ethers from alcohols and hypervalent iodine trifluoromethylation reagents.</a> Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 48, 4332-4336 (2009).</li><li>Trainor, G. L. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+preparation+of+O-trifluoromethyl+carbohydrates.">The preparation of O-trifluoromethyl carbohydrates.</a> J. Carbohydr. Chem. 4, 545-563 (1985).</li><li>Nishida, M., Vij, A., Kirchmeier, R. L., Shreeve, J. M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Synthesis+of+polyfluoro+aromatic+ethers+-+a+facile+route+using+polyfluoroalkoxides+generated+from+carbonyl+and+trimethysilyl+compounds.">Synthesis of polyfluoro aromatic ethers - a facile route using polyfluoroalkoxides generated from carbonyl and trimethysilyl compounds.</a> Inorg. Chem. 34, 6085-6092 (1995).</li><li>Kolomeitsev, A. A., Vorobyev, M., Gillandt, H. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Versatile+application+of+trifluoromethyl+triflate.">Versatile application of trifluoromethyl triflate.</a> Tetrahedron Lett. 49, 449-454 (2008).</li><li>Marrec, O., Billard, T., Vors, J. P., Pazenok, S., Langlois, B. R. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+deeper+insight+into+direct+trifluoromethoxylation+with+trifluoromethyl+triflate.">A deeper insight into direct trifluoromethoxylation with trifluoromethyl triflate.</a> J. Fluorine Chem. 131, 200-207 (2010).</li><li>Marrec, O., Billard, T., Vors, J. P., Pazenok, S., Langlois, B. R. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+new+and+direct+trifluoromethoxylation+of+aliphatic+substrates+with+2,4-dinitro(trifluoromethoxy)benzene.">A new and direct trifluoromethoxylation of aliphatic substrates with 2,4-dinitro(trifluoromethoxy)benzene.</a> Adv. Synth. Catal. 352, 2831-2837 (2010).</li><li>Huang, C. H., Liang, T., Harada, S., Lee, E., Ritter, T. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Silver-mediated+trifluoromethoxylation+of+aryl+stannanes+and+arylboronic+acids.">Silver-mediated trifluoromethoxylation of aryl stannanes and arylboronic acids.</a> J. Am. Chem. Soc. 133, 13308-13310 (2011).</li><li>Rozen, S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Selective+fluorinations+by+reagents+containing+the+OF+group.">Selective fluorinations by reagents containing the OF group.</a> Chem. Rev. 96, 1717-1736 (1996).</li><li>Venturini, F., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Direct+trifluoro-methoxylation+of+aromatics+with+perfluoro-methyl-hypofluorite.">Direct trifluoro-methoxylation of aromatics with perfluoro-methyl-hypofluorite.</a> J. Fluorine Chem. 140, 43-48 (2012).</li><li>Hojczyk, K. N., Feng, P., Zhan, C., Ngai, M. -. Y. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Trifluoromethoxylation+of+arenes:+synthesis+of+ortho-trifluoromethoxylated+aniline+derivatives+by+OCF3+migration.">Trifluoromethoxylation of arenes: synthesis of ortho-trifluoromethoxylated aniline derivatives by OCF3 migration.</a> Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 53, 14559-14563 (2014).</li><li>Still, W. C., Kahn, M., Mitra, A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Rapid+chromatographic+technique+for+preparative+separations+with+moderate+Resolution.">Rapid chromatographic technique for preparative separations with moderate Resolution.</a> J. Org. Chem. 43, 2923-2925 (1978).</li><li>Fiederling, N., Haller, J., Schramm, H. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Notification+about+the+Explosive+Properties+of+Togni's+Reagent+II+and+One+of+Its+Precursors.">Notification about the Explosive Properties of Togni's Reagent II and One of Its Precursors.</a> Org. Process Res. Dev. 17, 318-319 (2013).</li><li>Matousek, V., Pietrasiak, E., Schwenk, R., Togni, A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=One-pot+synthesis+of+hypervalent+iodine+reagents+for+electrophilic+trifluoromethylation.">One-pot synthesis of hypervalent iodine reagents for electrophilic trifluoromethylation.</a> J. Org. Chem. 78, 6763-6768 (2013).</li></ol>

Due to the lack of a general and user-friendly procedure for the synthesis of trifluoromethoxylated arenes, many OCF3-containing aromatic compounds are extremely expensive.34 Our strategy displaces a broad functional group tolerance and provides an easy access to various trifluoromethoxylated arenes. These compounds could serve as valuable building blocks for the discovery and development of new pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals, and materials.
Hydrazine was used as a hydrog...

The trifluoromethoxy (OCF3) group has made a profound impact on life and materials science research since the first synthesis of trifluoromethyl ether in 1935.2 Due to its unique combination of high electronegativity (&#967; = 3.7)3 and excellent lipophilicity (&#928;x = 1.04),4 the trifluoromethoxy group has found broad applications in medicine, agriculture, and materials industry.5-10 However, facile introduction of the OCF3 group into organic molecules, especially aromatic compounds, remains a major challenge in synthetic chemistry.
Over the last few decades, efforts to address this challenge led to the development of a handful of transformations for the synthesis of trifluoromethoxylated arenes.5-7,9-11 These include (i) chlorine/fluorine exchange on trichlorinated precursors;1,12-17 (ii) deoxyfluorination of fluoroformates;18 (iii) oxidative fluorodesulfurization;19-21 (iv) electrophilic trifluoromethylation of alcohols;22-25 (v) nucleophilic trifluoromethoxylation;26-30, (vi) transition metal-mediated trifluoromethoxylation of aryl borates and stannanes;31 and (vii) radical trifluoromethoxylation.32,33 Nevertheless, many of these approaches either suffer from poor substrate scope or require use of highly toxic and/or thermally labile reagents. Therefore, due to the lack of a general and user-friendly method to synthesize OCF3-containing compounds, the potential of the OCF3 group has not been fully exploited in chemistry.
As part of our interest in trifluoromethoxylation reactions,34 we describe herein a two-step protocol (i.e., radical&#160;O-trifluoromethylation and thermally induced OCF3-migration) for the synthesis of methyl 4-acetamido-3-(trifluoromethoxy)benzoate (3a) from methyl 4-(N-hydroxyacetamido)benzoate (1a). The strategy is easy-to-operate and applicable to the synthesis of a wide range of ortho-trifluoromethoxylated aniline derivatives.

<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="573">
	<tbody>
		<tr height="43">
			<td height="43" style="height:43px;width:216px;">5% Rhodium on carbon</td>
			<td style="width:71px;">Aspira Scientific</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">300835</td>
			<td style="width:167px;">5% wt% dry loading</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="43">
			<td height="43" style="height:43px;width:216px;">hydrazine monohydrate</td>
			<td style="width:71px;">Sigma-Alderich</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">13696HMV</td>
			<td style="width:167px;">Reagent grade, 98%</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="43">
			<td height="43" style="height:43px;width:216px;">Acetyl chloride</td>
			<td style="width:71px;">Alfa Aesar</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">10176887</td>
			<td style="width:167px;">98%</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="43">
			<td height="43" style="height:43px;width:216px;">Sodium bicarbonate</td>
			<td style="width:71px;">Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">134826</td>
			<td style="width:167px;">Chemical pure</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="43">
			<td height="43" style="height:43px;width:216px;">Cesium carbonate</td>
			<td style="width:71px;">Alfa Aesar</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">12887</td>
			<td style="width:167px;">99.9%, metals basis</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="148">
			<td height="148" style="height:148px;width:216px;">Togni Reagent II</td>
			<td style="width:71px;"></td>
			<td style="width:119px;"></td>
			<td style="width:167px;">Prepared according to the literature procedure (ref 37). Caution: Pure Togni reagent II is impact and friction sensitive, treat it with great care (see ref. 36).</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="64">
			<td height="64" style="height:64px;width:216px;">Tetrahydrofuran</td>
			<td style="width:71px;">BDH</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">BDH1149-4LG</td>
			<td style="width:167px;">Distilled from deep purple sodium benzophenone ketyl.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="64">
			<td height="64" style="height:64px;width:216px;">Diethyl Ether</td>
			<td style="width:71px;">Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">148221</td>
			<td style="width:167px;">Distilled from deep purple sodium benzophenone ketyl.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="47">
			<td height="47" style="height:47px;width:216px;">Chloroform</td>
			<td style="width:71px;">Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">141739</td>
			<td style="width:167px;">Dried over CaH2 and distilled</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="47">
			<td height="47" style="height:47px;width:216px;">nitro methane</td>
			<td style="width:71px;">Alfa Aesar</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">J03z053</td>
			<td style="width:167px;">Dried over CaSO4 and distilled</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="43">
			<td height="43" style="height:43px;width:216px;">Silica gel</td>
			<td style="width:71px;">SILICYCLE</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">60514</td>
			<td style="width:167px;">40-63 &#181;m (230-400 mesh)</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="22">
			<td height="22" style="height:22px;width:216px;">Cilite</td>
			<td style="width:71px;">EMD</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">2012040674</td>
			<td style="width:167px;">Not acid washed</td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

protocol for the synthesis of ortho-trifluoromethoxylated aniline derivatives

Molecules bearing trifluoromethoxy (OCF3) group often show desired pharmacological and biological properties. However, facile synthesis of trifluoromethoxylated aromatic compounds remains a formidable challenge in organic synthesis. Conventional approaches often suffer from poor substrate scope, or require use of highly toxic, difficult-to-handle, and/or thermally labile reagents. Herein, we report a user-friendly protocol for the synthesis of methyl 4-acetamido-3-(trifluoromethoxy)benzoate using 1-trifluoromethyl-1,2-benziodoxol-3(1H)-one (Togni reagent II). Treating methyl 4-(N-hydroxyacetamido)benzoate (1a) with Togni reagent II in the presence of a catalytic amount of cesium carbonate (Cs2CO3) in chloroform at RT afforded methyl 4-(N-(trifluoromethoxy)acetamido)benzoate (2a). This intermediate was then converted to the final product methyl 4-acetamido-3-(trifluoromethoxy)benzoate (3a) in nitromethane at 120 &#176;C. This procedure is general and can be applied to the synthesis of a broad spectrum of ortho-trifluoromethoxylated aniline derivatives, which could serve as useful synthetic building blocks for the discovery and development of new pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals, and functional materials.

Methyl 4-(N-hydroxyacetamido)benzoate (1a) was synthesized in 92% isolated yield through a two-step procedure (i.e., reducing methyl 4-nitrobenzoate with hydrazine using 5% Rh/C as a catalyst to form methyl 4-(N-hydroxyamino)benzoate, followed by acetyl protection of the resulting hydroxylamine). O-Trifluoromethylation of 1a with Togni reagent II in the presence of catalytic amount of cesium carbonate (Cs2CO<...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Protocol for the Synthesis of Ortho-trifluoromethoxylated Aniline Derivatives at JoVE.com

Protocol for the Synthesis of Ortho-trifluoromethoxylated Aniline Derivatives

An operationally simple procedure for the synthesis of ortho-trifluoromethoxylated aniline derivatives via a two-step sequence of O-trifluoromethylation of N-aryl-N-hydroxyacetamide followed by thermally induced intramolecular OCF3-migration is reported.

Protocol for the Synthesis of Ortho-trifluoromethoxylated Aniline Derivatives

Molecules bearing trifluoromethoxy (OCF3) group often show desired pharmacological and biological properties. However, facile synthesis of ...

Research

Education

JoVE Core

JoVE Journal

Organic Chemistry

Chemistry

Unit 1

Aromatic Compounds

SCIENTISTS IN ACTION

Synthesis of Hypervalent Iodonium Alkynyl Triflates for the Application of Generating Cyanocarbenes

The procedures described in this article involve the synthesis and isolation of hypervalent iodonium alkynyl triflates (HIATs) and their subsequent ...

Synthesis of Antiviral Tetrahydrocarbazole Derivatives by Photochemical and Acid-catalyzed C-H Functionalization via Intermediate Peroxides (CHIPS)

Synthesis of Antiviral Tetrahydrocarbazole Derivatives by Photochemical and Acid-catalyzed C-H Functionalization via Intermediate Peroxides CHIPS

The direct functionalization of C-H bonds is an important and long standing goal in organic chemistry. Such transformations can be very powerful in order ...

A Direct, Early Stage Guanidinylation Protocol for the Synthesis of Complex Aminoguanidine-containing Natural Products

The guanidine functional group, displayed most prominently in the amino acid arginine, one of the fundamental building blocks of life, is an important ...

HKUST-1 as a Heterogeneous Catalyst for the Synthesis of Vanillin

Vanillin (4-hydoxy-3-methoxybenzaldehyde) is the main component of the extract of vanilla bean. The natural vanilla scent is a mixture of approximately ...

A Protocol for the Production of Gliadin-cyanoacrylate Nanoparticles for Hydrophilic Coating

This article presents a protocol for the production of protein-based nanoparticles that changes the hydrophobic surface to hydrophilic by a simple spray ...

Synthesis of Protein Bioconjugates via Cysteine-maleimide Chemistry

Synthesis of Protein Bioconjugates via Cysteine-maleimide Chemistry

The chemical linking or bioconjugation of proteins to fluorescent dyes, drugs, polymers and other proteins has a broad range of applications, such as the ...

Facile Synthesis of Worm-like Micelles by Visible Light Mediated Dispersion Polymerization Using Photoredox Catalyst

Presented herein is a protocol for the facile synthesis of worm-like micelles by visible light mediated dispersion polymerization. This approach begins ...

Protocol for the Solid-phase Synthesis of Oligomers of RNA Containing a 2'-O-thiophenylmethyl Modification and Characterization via Circular Dichroism

Protocol for the Solid-phase Synthesis of Oligomers of RNA Containing a 2'-O-thiophenylmethyl Modification and Characterization via Circular Dichroism

Solid-phase synthesis has been used to obtain canonical and modified polymers of nucleic acids, specifically of DNA or RNA, which has made it a popular ...

Synthesis and Mass Spectrometry Analysis of Oligo-peptoids

Peptoids are sequence-controlled peptide-mimicking oligomers consisting of N-alkylated glycine units. Among many potential applications, peptoids have ...

The MPLEx Protocol for Multi-omic Analyses of Soil Samples

Mass spectrometry (MS)-based integrated metaproteomic, metabolomic, and lipidomic (multi-omic) studies are transforming our ability to understand and ...