Name: in vitro differentiation of mouse granulocyte-macrophage-colony-stimulating factor (gm-csf)-producing t helper (thgm) cells
Uploaded: 2018-09-10T14:00:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about In Vitro Differentiation of Mouse Granulocyte-macrophage-colony-stimulating Factor GM-CSF-producing T Helper THGM Cells at JoVE.com

This study was supported by grants from the National University Health System of Singapore (T1-2014 Oct-12 and T1-2015 Sep-10).

All mice used in this protocol were on the C57BL/6 genetic background and housed under specific pathogen-free conditions at the National University of Singapore. All experiments were performed using protocols approved by the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee of the National University of Singapore.
1. Reagent and Material Preparation
<ol>
	<li>Prepare 500 mL of phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) containing 2% fetal bovine serum (FBS) and 1 mM ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA).<br...

<ol>
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Here we described a protocol of an in vitro THGM differentiation from mouse naive CD4+ cells, followed by an analysis of the differentiated cells to validate the method. Of note, both spleen and lymph nodes can be used for naive CD4+ T cell purification and THGM differentiation. The cytokine expression determined by intracellular cytokine staining combined with flow cytometry showed that about 55% of the cells were induced to become GM-CSF-expressing cells under the THGM conditio...

CD4+ T helper (TH) cells are essential components of the immune system, having crucial roles in the host defense against microbial pathogens, in cancer surveillance, and in autoimmunity1,2,3. Upon T cell receptor (TCR) activation, naive CD4+ T cells can be differentiated into TH1, TH2, TH 17, or regulatory T (Treg) cells under the influence of different cytokine milieus2,4,5. Recently, a new subset of TH cells, which predominantly produces GM-CSF, was identified and named THGM6. The differentiation of THGM cells is driven by IL-7 through the activation of a signal transducer and an activator of transcription 5 (STAT5). These cells express a large amount of GM-CSF while having a low expression of other TH-cell signature cytokines such as IFN&#947; and IL-176. GM-CSF was found to play a critical role in the development of CD4+ T cell-mediated neuroinflammation7,8. Compared to IFN&#947;- or IL-17-expressing autoreactive T cells, GM-CSF-expressing T cells transferred to wild-type (WT) mice caused an earlier disease onset and higher disease severity. In addition, Csf2-/- T cells failed to induce experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) after being adoptively transferred to WT recipients, whereas T cells lacking IFN&#947; or IL-17A retained the ability to mediate EAE7. Moreover, a blockade of GM-CSF using neutralizing antibodies ameliorated EAE disease severity8. Furthermore, a deficiency of STAT5 in T cells in mice resulted in a diminished THGM generation and, hence, in a resistance of the mice to EAE development6. These findings underscore the importance of GM-CSF-expressing TH cells in autoimmune neuroinflammatory disease. Thus, establishing a method to differentiate GM-CSF-expressing TH cells from naive CD4+ T cells would be important in the study of the pathogenesis of autoimmune neuroinflammation and T cell-mediated immune responses. However, a protocol that efficiently generates THGM cells from murine naive CD4+ has not been established.
Here we present a method that differentiates murine THGM cells from naive CD4+ T cells. This protocol describes the whole procedure, including the extraction of the spleen from the mouse, the preparation of a single-cell suspension, the CD4 positive selection, the fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS), and the TH cell differentiation and analysis. The differentiated T helper cells are analyzed by intracellular cytokine staining combined with flow cytometry to determine the cytokine expression at the single-cell level, by a quantitative real-time PCR to determine the cytokine expression at mRNA level, and by ELISA to assess the cytokine expression at protein level. This method can be applied to studies of THGM cell biology under various conditions, such as EAE, where GM-CSF plays an important role in pathogenesis.

<table>
	<tbody>
		<tr>
			<td>RPMI 1640</td>
			<td>Biowest</td>
			<td>L0500-500</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>FBS Heat Inactivated</td>
			<td>Capricorn</td>
			<td>FBS-HI-12A</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Penicillin-Streptomycin</td>
			<td>Gibco</td>
			<td>15140122</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>10x PBS</td>
			<td>1st Base</td>
			<td>BUF-2040-10</td>
			<td>Diluted to 1x PBS in sterile water</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>EDTA</td>
			<td>1st Base</td>
			<td>BUF-1053-100ml-pH8.0</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>10X ACK buffer</td>
			<td>Biolegend</td>
			<td>420301</td>
			<td>diluted in sterile water</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>cell strainer</td>
			<td>SPL Life Sciences</td>
			<td>93070</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>CD4 microbeads</td>
			<td>Miltenyi Biotec</td>
			<td>130-049-201</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>2-Mercaptoethanol</td>
			<td>Sigma</td>
			<td>M7522</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>LS column</td>
			<td>Miltenyi Biotec</td>
			<td>130-042-401</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>magnetic stand</td>
			<td>Miltenyi Biotec</td>
			<td>130-042-303</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>1ml syringe</td>
			<td>Terumo</td>
			<td>SS+01T</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Centrifuge</td>
			<td>Eppendorf</td>
			<td>Eppendorf 5810R</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Sony SY3200 cell sorter</td>
			<td>Sony</td>
			<td>Sony SY3200 cell sorter</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>50ml conical centrifuge tube</td>
			<td>Greiner Bio-One</td>
			<td>210261</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>15m conical centrifuge tube</td>
			<td>Greiner Bio-One</td>
			<td>188271</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>FACS tube</td>
			<td>Corning</td>
			<td>352054</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>24 well cell culture plate</td>
			<td>Greiner Bio-One</td>
			<td>662160</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>anti-mouse CD4 PerCP-eFluor 710</td>
			<td>eBioscience</td>
			<td>46-0041-82</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>PE conjugated anti-mouse CD25 (IL-2Ra, p55)</td>
			<td>eBioscience</td>
			<td>12-0251-82</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>anti-human/mouse CD44 APC</td>
			<td>eBioscience</td>
			<td>17-0441-82</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>anti-mouse CD62L FITC</td>
			<td>eBioscience</td>
			<td>11-0621-85</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Neubauer-improved counting chamber</td>
			<td>Marienfeld</td>
			<td>640010</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Hyclone Trypan Blue Solution</td>
			<td>GE healthcare Life Sciences</td>
			<td>SV30084.01</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>microscope</td>
			<td>Nikon</td>
			<td>Nikon Elipse TS100</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Purified&#160;anti-mouse CD3e&#160;antibody</td>
			<td>Biolegend</td>
			<td>100314</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Purified hamster anti-mouse CD28</td>
			<td>BD Biosciences</td>
			<td>553295</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Purified Rat&#160;anti-mouse IFN&#947; &#160;</td>
			<td>eBioscience</td>
			<td>16-7312-85</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Purified anti-mouse IL-4 Antibody</td>
			<td>Biolegend</td>
			<td>504102</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Recombinant Mouse IL-7 Protein</td>
			<td>R&#38;D system</td>
			<td>407-ML</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Recombinant Mouse IL-6</td>
			<td>R&#38;D system</td>
			<td>406&#8209;ML</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>recombinant human TGF-beta</td>
			<td>R&#38;D system</td>
			<td>240-B-010</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>PMA</td>
			<td>Merck Millipore</td>
			<td>19-144</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Ionomycin</td>
			<td>Sigma</td>
			<td>I0634</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>GolgiPlug protein transport inhibitor</td>
			<td>BD Biosciences</td>
			<td>51-2301KZ</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Intracellular Fixation&#38;Permeabilization buffer set</td>
			<td>eBioscience</td>
			<td>88-8824-00</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>anti-mouse GM-CSF PE</td>
			<td>eBioscience</td>
			<td>12-7331-82</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>FITC anti-mouse IL-17A</td>
			<td>Biolegend</td>
			<td>506908</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>APC anti-mouse IFN-gamma</td>
			<td>Biolegend</td>
			<td>505810</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>GO Taq qPCR master mix</td>
			<td>Promega</td>
			<td>A6002</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>mouse GM-CSF ELISA Ready-SET-Go!</td>
			<td>invitrogen</td>
			<td>88-7334-88</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Mouse IL-17A Uncouted ELISA</td>
			<td>invitrogen</td>
			<td>88-7371-22</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

in vitro differentiation of mouse granulocyte-macrophage-colony-stimulating factor (gm-csf)-producing t helper (thgm) cells

The granulocyte-macrophage-colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF)-producing T helper (THGM) cell is a newly identified T helper cell subset that predominantly secretes GM-CSF without producing interferon (IFN)&#947; or interleukin (IL)-17 and is found to play an essential role in the autoimmune neuroinflammation. A method of isolation of naive CD4+ T cells from a single-cell suspension of splenocytes and THGM cell generation from naive CD4+ T cells would be a useful technique in the study of T cell-mediated immunity and autoimmune diseases. Here we describe a method that differentiates mouse naive CD4+ T cells into THGM cells promoted by IL-7. The outcome of the differentiation was assessed by the analysis of the cytokines expression using different techniques, including intracellular cytokine staining combined with flow cytometry, a quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA). Using the THGM differentiation protocol as described here, about 55% of the cells expressed GM-CSF with a minimal expression of IFN&#945; or IL-17. The predominant expression of GM-CSF by THGM cells was further confirmed by the analysis of the expression of GM-CSF, IFN&#945;, and IL-17 at both mRNA and protein levels. Thus, this method can be used to differentiate naive CD4+ T cells to THGM cells in vitro, which will be useful in the study of THGM cell biology.

Naive CD4+ T cells isolated from two 8-week-old male C57BL/6 mice were divided into three portions. One portion of the cells was differentiated into THGM cells following the protocol described. Another portion was cultured under a THGM condition in the presence of anti-IL-4 antibody (10 &#181;g/mL) to test the influence of an IL-4 blockade in the differentiation of THGM. The last portion was cultured under a TH17 differentiation condition (3 &#1...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about In Vitro Differentiation of Mouse Granulocyte-macrophage-colony-stimulating Factor GM-CSF-producing T Helper THGM Cells at JoVE.com

In Vitro Differentiation of Mouse Granulocyte-macrophage-colony-stimulating Factor GM-CSF-producing T Helper THGM Cells

Here, we present a protocol to differentiate murine granulocyte-macrophage-colony-stimulating-factor-producing T helper (THGM) cells from naive CD4+ T cells, including isolation of naive CD4+ T cells, differentiation of THGM, and analysis of differentiated THGM cells. This method can be applied to studies of the regulation and function of THGM cells.

In Vitro Differentiation of Mouse Granulocyte-macrophage-colony-stimulating Factor (GM-CSF)-producing T Helper (THGM) Cells

The granulocyte-macrophage-colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF)-producing T helper (THGM) cell is a newly identified T helper cell subset that predominantly ...

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