Name: lab-on-a-cd platform for generating multicellular three-dimensional spheroids
Uploaded: 2019-11-07T12:30:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Lab-on-a-CD Platform for Generating Multicellular Three-dimensional Spheroids at JoVE.com

This research was supported by the Basic Science Research Program (2016R1D1A1B03934418) and the Bio &#38; Medical Technology Development Program (2018M3A9H1023141) of the NRF, and funded by the Korean government, MSIT.

1. Centrifugal microfluidic-based spheroid (CMS) culture chip fabrication
<ol>
	<li>Make PC molds for the top and bottom layers of the CMS culture chip by CNC machining. Detailed dimensions of the chip are given in Figure 1.</li>
	<li>Mix PDMS base and PDMS curing agent at a ratio of 10:1 (w/w) for 5 min and place in a desiccator for 1 h to remove air bubbles.</li>
	<li>After pouring the PDMS mixture into the molds of the CMS culture chip, remove air bubbles for 1 h more and cure in a heat...

<ol>
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The CMS is a closed system in which all injected cells enter the microwell without waste, making it more efficient and economical than conventional microwell-based spheroid generation methods. In the CMS system, the media is replaced every 12&#8211;24 h through a suction hole designed to remove the media in the chip (Figure 3A). During the media suction process, barely any media escapes from inside the microwell due to the surface tension between the media and the wall of the microwell. A us...

It is easier to simulate biological in vivo microenvironments with three-dimensional (3D) spheroid cell culture than with two-dimensional (2D) cell culture (e.g., conventional Petri dish cell culture) to produce more physiologically realistic experimental results1. Currently available spheroid formation methods include the hanging drop technique2, liquid-overlay technique3, carboxymethyl cellulose technique4, magnetic force-based microfluidic technique5, and the use of bioreactors6. Although each method has its own benefits, further improvement in reproducibility, productivity, and generating coculture spheroids is necessary. For example, while the magnetic force-based microfluidic technique5 is relatively inexpensive, the effects of strong magnetic fields on living cells must be carefully considered. The benefits of spheroid culture, particularly in the study of mesenchymal stem cell differentiation and proliferation, have been reported in several studies7,8,9.
The centrifugal microfluidic system, also known as lab-on-a-CD (compact disc), is useful for easily controlling the fluid inside and exploiting the rotation of the substrate and has thus been utilized in biomedical applications such as immunoassays10, colorimetric assays for detecting biochemical markers11, nucleic acid amplification (PCR) assays, automated blood analysis systems12, and all-in-one centrifugal microfluidic devices13. The driving force controlling the fluid is the centripetal force created by rotation. Additionally, multiple functions of mixing, valving, and sample splitting can be done simply in this single CD platform. However, compared to the above-mentioned biochemical analysis methods, there have been fewer trials applying CD platforms to culture cells, especially spheroids14.
In this study, we show the performance of the centrifugal microfluidic-based spheroid (CMS) system by monoculture or coculture of human adipose-derived stem cells (hASC) and human lung fibroblasts (MRC-5). This paper describes in detail our group&#39;s research methodology15. Thus, the spheroid culture lab-on-a-CD platform can be easily reproduced. A CMS generating system comprising a CMS culture chip, a chip holder, a DC motor, a motor mount, and a rotating platform, is presented. The motor mount is 3D printed with acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS). The chip holder and rotating platform are CNC (computer numerical control) machined with the PC (polycarbonate). The rotational speed of the motor is controlled from 200 to 4,500 rpm by encoding a PID (proportional-integral-derivative) algorithm based on pulse-width modulation. Its dimensions are 100 mm x 100 mm x 150 mm and it weighs 860 g, making it easy to handle. Using the CMS system, spheroids can be generated under various gravity conditions from 1 x g to 521 x g, so the study of cell differentiation promotion under high gravity can be extended from 2D cells16,17 to 3D spheroid. Coculture of various types of cells is also a key technology for effectively mimicking the in vivo environment18. The CMS system can easily generate monoculture spheroids, as well as coculture spheroids of various structure types (e.g., concentric, Janus, and sandwich). The CMS system can be utilized not only in simple spheroid studies but also in 3D organoid studies, to consider human organ structures.

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	<tbody>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:345px;">3D printer</td>
			<td style="width:171px;">Cubicon</td>
			<td style="width:124px;">3DP-210F</td>
			<td style="width:416px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:345px;">Adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hASC)</td>
			<td style="width:171px;">ATCC</td>
			<td style="width:124px;">PCS-500-011</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:345px;">Antibiotic-Antimycotic</td>
			<td style="width:171px;">Gibco</td>
			<td style="width:124px;">15240-062</td>
			<td>Contained 1% of completed medium and buffer</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:345px;">CellTracker Green CMFDA</td>
			<td style="width:171px;">Thermo Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td style="width:124px;">C2925</td>
			<td>10 mM</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:345px;">CellTracker Red CMTPX</td>
			<td style="width:171px;">Thermo Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td style="width:124px;">C34552</td>
			<td>10 mM</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:345px;">Computer numerical control (CNC) rotary engraver</td>
			<td style="width:171px;">Roland DGA</td>
			<td style="width:124px;">EGX-350</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:345px;">DC motor</td>
			<td style="width:171px;">Nurielectricity Inc.</td>
			<td style="width:124px;">MB-4385E</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:345px;">Dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO)</td>
			<td style="width:171px;">Sigma Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:124px;">D2650</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:345px;">Dulbecco&#39;s modified eaggle&#39;s medium (DMEM)</td>
			<td style="width:171px;">ATCC</td>
			<td style="width:124px;">30-2002</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:345px;">Dulbecco&#39;s phosphate buffered saline (D-PBS)</td>
			<td style="width:171px;">ATCC</td>
			<td style="width:124px;">30-2200</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:345px;">Fetal bovine serum</td>
			<td style="width:171px;">ATCC</td>
			<td style="width:124px;">30-2020</td>
			<td>Contained 10% of completed medium</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:345px;">human lung fibroblasts (MRC-5)</td>
			<td style="width:171px;">ATCC</td>
			<td style="width:124px;">CCL-171</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:345px;">Inventor 2019</td>
			<td style="width:171px;">Autodesk</td>
			<td style="width:124px;"></td>
			<td>3D computer-aided design program</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:345px;">Petri dish &#934; 150 mm</td>
			<td style="width:171px;">JetBiofill</td>
			<td style="width:124px;">CAD010150</td>
			<td>Surface Treated</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:345px;">Plasma cleaner</td>
			<td style="width:171px;">Harrick Plasma</td>
			<td style="width:124px;">PDC-32G</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:345px;">Pluronic F-127</td>
			<td style="width:171px;">Sigma Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:124px;">11/6/9003</td>
			<td>Dilute with phosphate buffered saline to 4% (w/v) solution</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:345px;">Polycarbonate (PC)</td>
			<td style="width:171px;">Acrylmall</td>
			<td style="width:124px;">AC15PC</td>
			<td>200 x 200 x 15 mm</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:345px;">Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS)</td>
			<td style="width:171px;">Dowcorning</td>
			<td style="width:124px;">Sylgard 184</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:345px;">Trypsin</td>
			<td style="width:171px;">Gibco</td>
			<td style="width:124px;">12604021</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

lab-on-a-cd platform for generating multicellular three-dimensional spheroids

A three-dimensional spheroid cell culture can obtain more useful results in cell experiments because it can better simulate cell microenvironments of the living body than two-dimensional cell culture. In this study, we fabricated an electrical motor-driven lab-on-a-CD (compact disc) platform, called a centrifugal microfluidic-based spheroid (CMS) culture system, to create three-dimensional (3D) cell spheroids implementing high centrifugal force. This device can vary rotation speeds to generate gravity conditions from 1 x g to 521 x g. The CMS system is 6 cm in diameter, has one hundred 400 &#956;m microwells, and is made by molding with polydimethylsiloxane in a polycarbonate mold premade by a computer numerical control machine. A barrier wall at the channel entrance of the CMS system uses centrifugal force to spread cells evenly inside the chip. At the end of the channel, there is a slide region that allows the cells to enter the microwells. As a demonstration, spheroids were generated by monoculture and coculture of human adipose-derived stem cells and human lung fibroblasts under high gravity conditions using the system. The CMS system used a simple operation scheme to produce coculture spheroids of various structures of concentric, Janus, and sandwich. The CMS system will be useful in cell biology and tissue engineering studies that require spheroids and organoid culture of single or multiple cell types.

The 6 cm diameter CMS culture chip (Figure 2) was successfully made following the above protocol. First, the chip was made separately from a top layer and a bottom layer and then bonded together by plasma bonding. Resulting spheroids can be easily gathered by detaching the chip. The channel of the CMS culture chip comprises an inlet port and central, slide, and microwell regions (Figure 3). The cell, medium, and pluronic solutions are injected through an inlet h...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Lab-on-a-CD Platform for Generating Multicellular Three-dimensional Spheroids at JoVE.com

Lab-on-a-CD Platform for Generating Multicellular Three-dimensional Spheroids

We present a motor-powered centrifugal microfluidic device that can cultivate cell spheroids. Using this device, spheroids of single or multiple cell types could be easily cocultured under high gravity conditions.

A three-dimensional spheroid cell culture can obtain more useful results in cell experiments because it can better simulate cell microenvironments of the ...

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