Name: analyzing tumor and tissue distribution of target antigen specific therapeutic antibody
Uploaded: 2020-05-16T12:30:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Analyzing Tumor and Tissue Distribution of Target Antigen Specific Therapeutic Antibody at JoVE.com

We are thankful to University of Virginia Cancer Center Core Imaging Facility, Biomolecular Analysis Facility, Advanced Microscopy Facility and the Core Vivarium Facility for Assistance. J. T-S is an early career investigator of Ovarian Cancer Academy (OCA-DoD). This work was supported by NCI/NIH grant (R01CA233752) to J. T-S, U.S. DoD Breast Cancer Research Program (BCRP) breakthrough level-1 award to J. T-S (BC17097) and U.S. DoD Ovarian Cancer Research Program (OCRP) funding award (OC180412) to J. T-S

All the procedures involving animals handling and tumor xenografts studies were reviewed and approved by the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee (IACUC) here at the University of Virginia and conform to the relevant regulatory standards
1. Expression and purification of antibodies
<ol>
	<li>Maintenance of CHO cells
	<ol>
		<li>Grow CHO cells in FreeStyle CHO Media supplemented with commercially available 1x glutamine supplement at 37 &#730;C shaking at 130 rpm with 5% CO2 ...

<ol>
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Selective and tumor tissue specific delivery of anti-cancer therapeutic agent is the key to measure efficacy and safety of a given targeted therapy13. Here we have described a quick and efficient approach to investigate the detailed tissue and tumor distribution of clinical, farletuzumab and a nonclinical BaCa antibody. The described approach is applicable to any newly generated antibody and can be used alongside of a clinically effective antibody (with desired qualities) for its tumor/organ distr...

FDA approved the first monoclonal antibody targeting CD3 (OKT3, Muromonab) in 19861,2. Since then for the next twenty years, there has been a rapid explosion in the field of antibody engineering due to the overwhelming success of antibodies against immune checkpoint inhibitors3. Beside indirect activation of immune system, antibodies are being aimed to directly flag cancer cells to precisely engage immune effector cells, trigger cytotoxicity via death receptor agonist, block tumor cell survival signaling, obstruct angiogenesis (growth of blood vessels), constrain immune checkpoint regulators, deliver radioisotopes, chemotherapy drugs and siRNA as a conjugated agents2. In addition, studying the single chain variable fragments (scFv) of various antibodies on the surface of patient derived T-cells and NK cells (CAR-T and CAR-NK) is a fast growing area of clinical investigations for cell-based therapies4.
The ultra-high affinity of antibody-based drugs that provides selectivity to antigen expressing tumor cells makes it an attractive agent. Likewise, the targeted delivery and tumor retention of a therapeutic antibody (or a chemical drug) is the key to balance efficacy over toxicity. Therefore, a large number of protein engineering based strategies that include but are not limited to bispecific5 and tri-specific antibodies6 are being exploited to significantly enhance avidity optimized tumor retention of intravenously (IV) injected therapeutics5,7. Here, we describe a simple fluorescence-based method to address the tumor and tissue distribution of potentially effective anti-cancer antibodies.
Because animal tissues possess auto-fluorescence when excited in visible spectrum, the antibodies were initially labeled with near Infrared dye (e.g., IRDye 800CW). For proofs of concept investigations, we have made use of folate receptor alpha-1 (FOLR1) targeting antibody called farletuzumab and its derivative called Bispecific anchor Cytotoxicity activator (BaCa)7 antibody that co-targets FOLR1 and death receptor-5 (DR5)8 in one recombinant antibody. FOLR1 is a well-defined overexpressed target receptor in ovarian and TNBC cancer cells, tumor xenografts and patient tumors9. Notably, there are multiple efforts to clinically exploit FOLR1 using antibody-based approaches to engage immune effector cells and antibody drug conjugates (ADC) for ovarian and breast cancers10,11.
In this methods paper, we cloned, expressed and purified clinical anti-FOLR1 (farletuzumab) along with other control antibodies using CHO expression system. IgG1 isotype and a clinical anti-idiotype mucin-16 antibody called abagovomab12 were used as negative controls. Following protein-A purification, indicated antibodies were labeled with IRDye 800CW and were administered into the tail vein of nude mice either bearing ovarian tumor xenografts or stably transfected human FOLR1 expressing murine colon cancer xenografts. The antibody localization was tracked by live imaging using in vivo imaging spectrum at multiple different time points7. This method does not require any genetic modification or injection of the substrate to enable light emission and is significantly quicker, cost effective and efficient. The general cloning, expression, purification and labeling protocol described below can be applied to any clinical and nonclinical antibody if heavy and light chain sequences are available.

<table>
	<tbody>
		<tr>
			<td>FreeStyle CHO media</td>
			<td>Gibco Life Technologies</td>
			<td>Cat # 12651-014</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Anti-Anti (100X)</td>
			<td>Gibco Life Technologies</td>
			<td>Cat # 15240-062</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Anti-Clumping Agent</td>
			<td>Gibco Life Technologies</td>
			<td>Cat # 01-0057DG</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>BD Insulin Syringe</td>
			<td>BD BioSciences</td>
			<td>Cat #329420</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Caliper IVIS Spectrum</td>
			<td>PerkinElmer</td>
			<td>Cat #124262</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>CHO CD EfficientFeed B</td>
			<td>Gibco Life Technologies</td>
			<td>Cat #A10240-01</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Corning 500 mL DMEM (Dulbecco&#39;s Modified Eagle&#39;s Medium)</td>
			<td>Corning</td>
			<td>Cat # 10-13-CV</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Corning 500 mL RPMI 1640</td>
			<td>Corning</td>
			<td>Cat # 10-040-CV</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Cy5 conjugated Anti-Human IgG (H+L)</td>
			<td>Jackson ImmunoResearch</td>
			<td>Cat # 709-175-149</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>GlutaMax-I (100X)</td>
			<td>Gibco Life Technologies</td>
			<td>Cat # 35050-061</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>HiPure Plasmid Maxiprep kit</td>
			<td>Invitrogen</td>
			<td>Cat # K21007</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>HiTrap MabSelect SuRe Column</td>
			<td>GE Healthcare</td>
			<td>Cat # 11-0034-93</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Infusion</td>
			<td>Takara BioScience</td>
			<td>STO344</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>IRDye 800CW NHS Ester</td>
			<td>LI-COR</td>
			<td>Cat # 929-70020</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Isoflurane, USP</td>
			<td>Covetrus</td>
			<td>Cat # 11695-6777-2</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Lubricant Eye Ointment</td>
			<td>Refresh Lacri-Lube</td>
			<td>Cat #4089</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Matrigel</td>
			<td>Corning</td>
			<td>Cat # 354234</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>PEI transfection reagent</td>
			<td>Thermo Fisher</td>
			<td>Cat # BMS1003A</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Slide-A-Lyzer Dialysis Cassettes</td>
			<td>Thermo Scientific</td>
			<td>Cat # 66333</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Steritop Vacuum Filters</td>
			<td>Millipore Express</td>
			<td>Cat #S2GPT02RE</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Trypsin-EDTA</td>
			<td>Gibco Life Technologies</td>
			<td>Cat # 15400-054</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Experimental Models: Cell lines</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Human: OVCAR-3</td>
			<td>American Type Culture Collection</td>
			<td>ATCC HTB-161</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Human: CHO-K cells</td>
			<td>Stable transformed in our lab</td>
			<td>ATCC CCL-61</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Mouse: 4T1</td>
			<td>Kind gift from Dr. Chip Landen, UVA</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Mouse: MC38</td>
			<td>Kind gift from Dr. Suzanne Ostrand-Rosenberg, UMBC</td>
			<td>Authenticated by STR profiling</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Mouse: MC38 hFOLR1</td>
			<td>Generated in our laboratory (This paper)</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Experimental Models: Animal</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Mice: athymic Nude Foxn1nu/Foxn1+</td>
			<td>Envigo</td>
			<td>Multiple Orders</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Mice: NOD.Cg Prkdcscid Il2rgtm1Wjl/SzJ</td>
			<td>Jackson Laboratory</td>
			<td>Multiple Orders</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

analyzing tumor and tissue distribution of target antigen specific therapeutic antibody

Monoclonal antibodies are high affinity multifunctional drugs that work by variable independent mechanisms to eliminate cancer cells. Over the last few decades, the field of antibody-drug conjugates, bispecific antibodies, chimeric antigen receptors (CAR) and cancer immunotherapy has emerged as the most promising area of basic and therapeutic investigations. With numerous successful human trials targeting immune checkpoint receptors and CAR-T cells in leukemia and melanoma at a breakthrough pace, it is highly exciting times for oncologic therapeutics derived from variations of antibody engineering. Regrettably, a significantly large numbers of antibody and CAR based therapeutics have also proven disappointing in human trials of solid cancers because of the limited availability of immune effector cells in the tumor bed. Importantly, nonspecific distribution of therapeutic antibodies in tissues other than tumors also contribute to the lack of clinical efficacy, associated toxicity and clinical failure. As faithful translation of preclinical studies into human clinical trails are highly relied on mice tumor xenograft efficacy and safety studies, here we highlight a method to test the tumor and general tissue distribution of therapeutic antibodies. This is achieved by labeling the protein-A purified antibody with near Infrared fluorescent dye followed by live imaging of tumor bearing mice.

In the described methodology, first we cloned antibodies targeting folate receptor alpha-1 (FOLR1) named farletuzumab, and a bispecific antibody called BaCa consisting of farletuzumab and lexatumumab along with control antibodies such as abagovomab (sequences provided in Supplementary File 1). Details of representative variable heavy (VH) and variable light (VL) domains in DNA clones (pVH, pVL) are shown in Figure 1A. To confirm the positive clones, we carried out colony PCR...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Analyzing Tumor and Tissue Distribution of Target Antigen Specific Therapeutic Antibody at JoVE.com

Analyzing Tumor and Tissue Distribution of Target Antigen Specific Therapeutic Antibody

Here we present a protocol to study the in vivo localization of antibodies in mice tumor xenograft models.

Monoclonal antibodies are high affinity multifunctional drugs that work by variable independent mechanisms to eliminate cancer cells. Over the last few ...

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