Name: an immunological model for heterotopic heart and cardiac muscle cell transplantation in rats
Uploaded: 2020-05-08T13:30:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about An Immunological Model for Heterotopic Heart and Cardiac Muscle Cell Transplantation in Rats at JoVE.com

We want to thank Britta Trautewig, Corinna L&#246;bbert and Ingrid Meder for their commitment.

All animal experiences have been performed according to the guidelines of the local Ethics Animal Review Board of the regional authorities for consumer protection and food safety of Lower Saxony (LAVES, Oldenburg, Germany) with the approval IDs 12/0768 and 17/2472.
1. Heart explantation and perfusion
NOTE: As graft donors, female or male rats at an age of 7-22 weeks were used.
<ol>
	<li>Anesthetize the donor rat by isoflurane inhalation (induction at 5% and mainte...

<ol>
	<li>Abbott, C. P., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+Technique+for+Heart+Transplantation+In+the+Rat.">A Technique for Heart Transplantation In the Rat.</a> Archives of Surgery. 89 (4), 645-652 (1964).</li><li>Tomita, F. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Heart+homotransplantation+in+the+rat.">Heart homotransplantation in the rat.</a> Sapporo igaku zasshi. The Sapporo Medical Journal. 30 (4), 165-183 (1966).</li><li>Ono, K., Lindsey, E. S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Improved+technique+of+heart+transplantation+in+rats.">Improved technique of heart transplantation in rats.</a> The Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery. 57 (2), 225-229 (1969).</li><li>Wen, P., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+simple+technique+for+a+new+working+heterotopic+heart+transplantation+model+in+rats.">A simple technique for a new working heterotopic heart transplantation model in rats.</a> Transplantation Proceedings. 45 (6), 2522-2526 (2013).</li><li>Benke, K., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Heterotopic+abdominal+rat+heart+transplantation+as+a+model+to+investigate+volume+dependency+of+myocardial+remodeling.">Heterotopic abdominal rat heart transplantation as a model to investigate volume dependency of myocardial remodeling.</a> Transplantation. 101 (3), 498-505 (2017).</li><li>Kearns, M. J., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Rat+Heterotopic+Abdominal+Heart/Single-lung+Transplantation+in+a+Volume-loaded+Configuration.">Rat Heterotopic Abdominal Heart/Single-lung Transplantation in a Volume-loaded Configuration.</a> Journal of Visualized Experiments. (99), 52418 (2015).</li><li>Ibrahim, M., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Heterotopic+abdominal+heart+transplantation+in+rats+for+functional+studies+of+ventricular+unloading.">Heterotopic abdominal heart transplantation in rats for functional studies of ventricular unloading.</a> The Journal of Surgical Research. 179 (1), e31-e39 (2013).</li><li>Liu, F., Kang, S. M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Heterotopic+heart+transplantation+in+mice.">Heterotopic heart transplantation in mice.</a> Journal of Visualized Experiments. (6), 238 (2007).</li><li>Lu, W., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+new+simplified+volume-loaded+heterotopic+rabbit+heart+transplant+model+with+improved+techniques+and+a+standard+operating+procedure.">A new simplified volume-loaded heterotopic rabbit heart transplant model with improved techniques and a standard operating procedure.</a> Journal of Thoracic Disease. 7 (4), 653-661 (2015).</li><li>Kitahara, H., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Heterotopic+transplantation+of+a+decellularized+and+recellularized+whole+porcine+heart.">Heterotopic transplantation of a decellularized and recellularized whole porcine heart.</a> Interactive Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery. 22 (5), 571-579 (2016).</li><li>Kadner, A., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Heterotopic+heart+transplantation:+experimental+development+and+clinical+experience.">Heterotopic heart transplantation: experimental development and clinical experience.</a> European Journal of Cardiothoracic Surgery. 17 (4), 474-481 (2000).</li><li>Zin&#246;cker, S., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Immune+reconstitution+and+graft-versus-host+reactions+in+rat+models+of+allogeneic+hematopoietic+cell+transplantation.">Immune reconstitution and graft-versus-host reactions in rat models of allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation.</a> Frontiers in Immunology. 3 (NOV), 1-12 (2012).</li><li>Klempnauer, J., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Genetic+control+of+rat+heart+allograft+rejection:+effect+of+different+MHC+and+non-MHC+incompatibilities.">Genetic control of rat heart allograft rejection: effect of different MHC and non-MHC incompatibilities.</a> Immunogenetics. 30, 81-88 (1989).</li><li>Huang, G., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Genetic+manipulations+in+the+rat:+Progress+and+prospects.">Genetic manipulations in the rat: Progress and prospects.</a> Current Opinion in Nephrology and Hypertension. 20 (4), 391-399 (2011).</li><li>Gordon, C. R., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Pulse+doppler+and+M-mode+to+assess+viability+of+cardiac+allografts+using+heterotopic+femoral+heart+transplantation+in+rats.">Pulse doppler and M-mode to assess viability of cardiac allografts using heterotopic femoral heart transplantation in rats.</a> Microsurgery. 27 (4), 240-244 (2007).</li><li>Gordon, C. R., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+new+modified+technique+for+heterotopic+femoral+heart+transplantation+in+rats.">A new modified technique for heterotopic femoral heart transplantation in rats.</a> The Journal of Surgical Research. 139 (2), 157-163 (2007).</li><li>Ma, Y., Wang, G. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Comparison+of+2+heterotopic+heart+transplant+techniques+in+rats:+cervical+and+abdominal+heart.">Comparison of 2 heterotopic heart transplant techniques in rats: cervical and abdominal heart.</a> Experimental and Clinical Transplantation. 9 (2), 128-133 (2011).</li><li>Bektas, H., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Differential+effect+of+donor-specific+blood+transfusions+after+kidney,+heart,+pancreas,+and+skin+transplantation+in+major+histocompatibility+complex-incompatible+rats.">Differential effect of donor-specific blood transfusions after kidney, heart, pancreas, and skin transplantation in major histocompatibility complex-incompatible rats.</a> Transfusion. 37 (2), 226-230 (1997).</li><li>Saiho, K. O., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Long-term+allograft+acceptance+induced+by+single+dose+anti-leukocyte+common+antigen+(RT7)+antibody+in+the+rat.">Long-term allograft acceptance induced by single dose anti-leukocyte common antigen (RT7) antibody in the rat.</a> Transplantation. 71 (8), 1124-1131 (2001).</li><li>Bektas, H., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Blood+transfers+infectious+immunologic+tolerance+in+MHC-incompatible+heart+transplantation+in+rats.">Blood transfers infectious immunologic tolerance in MHC-incompatible heart transplantation in rats.</a> Journal of Heart and Lung Transplantation. 24 (5), 614-617 (2005).</li><li>J&#228;ger, M. D., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Sirolimus+promotes+tolerance+for+donor+and+recipient+antigens+after+MHC+class+II+disparate+bone+marrow+transplantation+in+rats.">Sirolimus promotes tolerance for donor and recipient antigens after MHC class II disparate bone marrow transplantation in rats.</a> Experimental Hematology. 35 (1), 164-170 (2007).</li><li>Timrott, K., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Application+of+allogeneic+bone+marrow+cells+in+view+of+residual+alloreactivity:+Sirolimus+but+not+cyclosporine+evolves+tolerogenic+properties.">Application of allogeneic bone marrow cells in view of residual alloreactivity: Sirolimus but not cyclosporine evolves tolerogenic properties.</a> PLoS ONE. 10 (4), 1-16 (2015).</li><li>Hadamitzky, M., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Memory-updating+abrogates+extinction+of+learned+immunosuppression.">Memory-updating abrogates extinction of learned immunosuppression.</a> Brain, Behavior, and Immunity. 52, 40-48 (2016).</li><li>Beetz, O., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Recipient+natural+killer+cells+alter+the+course+of+rejection+of+allogeneic+heart+grafts+in+rats.">Recipient natural killer cells alter the course of rejection of allogeneic heart grafts in rats.</a> Plos One. 14 (8), e0220546 (2019).</li><li>Hirschburger, M., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Nicotine+Attenuates+Macrophage+Infiltration+in+Rat+Lung+Allografts.">Nicotine Attenuates Macrophage Infiltration in Rat Lung Allografts.</a> The Journal of Heart and Lung Transplantation. 28 (5), 493-500 (2009).</li><li>Ruzza, A., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Heterotopic+heart+transplantation+in+rats:+improved+anesthetic+and+surgical+technique.">Heterotopic heart transplantation in rats: improved anesthetic and surgical technique.</a> Transplantation Proceedings. 42 (9), 3828-3832 (2010).</li><li>Wang, D., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+simplified+technique+for+heart+transplantation+in+rats:+abdominal+vessel+branch-sparing+and+modified+venotomy.">A simplified technique for heart transplantation in rats: abdominal vessel branch-sparing and modified venotomy.</a> Microsurgery. 26 (6), 470-472 (2006).</li><li>Wang, C., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+modified+method+for+heterotopic+mouse+heart+transplantion.">A modified method for heterotopic mouse heart transplantion.</a> Journal of Visualized Experiments. (88), (2014).</li><li>Al-Amran, F. G., Shahkolahi, M. M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Total+arterial+anastomosis+heterotopic+heart+transplantation+model.">Total arterial anastomosis heterotopic heart transplantation model.</a> Transplantation Proceedings. 45 (2), 625-629 (2013).</li><li>Hoerstrup, S. P., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Modified+technique+for+heterotopic+rat+heart+transplantation+under+cardioplegic+arrest.">Modified technique for heterotopic rat heart transplantation under cardioplegic arrest.</a> Journal of Investigative Surgery. 13 (2), 73-77 (2000).</li><li>Fry, D. L. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Acute+vascular+endothelial+changes+associated+with+increased+blood+velocity+gradients.">Acute vascular endothelial changes associated with increased blood velocity gradients.</a> Circulation Research. 22 (2), 165-197 (1968).</li><li>Ahmadi, A. R., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Orthotopic+Rat+Kidney+Transplantation:+A+Novel+and+Simplified+Surgical+Approach.">Orthotopic Rat Kidney Transplantation: A Novel and Simplified Surgical Approach.</a> Journal of Visualized Experiments. (147), (2019).</li><li>Schmid, C., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Successful+heterotopic+heart+transplantation+in+rat.">Successful heterotopic heart transplantation in rat.</a> Microsurgery. 15 (4), 279-281 (1994).</li><li>Shan, J., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+modified+technique+for+heterotopic+heart+transplantation+in+rats.">A modified technique for heterotopic heart transplantation in rats.</a> Journal of Surgical Research. 164 (1), 155-161 (2010).</li><li>Moris, D., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Mechanisms+of+liver-induced+tolerance.">Mechanisms of liver-induced tolerance.</a> Current Opinion in Organ Transplantation. 22 (1), 71-78 (2017).</li><li>Bickerstaff, A. A., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Murine+renal+allografts:+spontaneous+acceptance+is+associated+with+regulated+T+cell-mediated+immunity.">Murine renal allografts: spontaneous acceptance is associated with regulated T cell-mediated immunity.</a> Journal of Immunology. 167 (9), 4821-4827 (2001).</li><li>Mottram, P. L., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Electrocardiographic+monitoring+of+cardiac+transplants+in+mice.">Electrocardiographic monitoring of cardiac transplants in mice.</a> Cardiovascular Research. 22 (5), 315-321 (1988).</li><li>Torre-Amione, G., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Decreased+expression+of+tumor+necrosis+factor-&#945;+in+failing+human+myocardium+after+mechanical+circulatory+support:+A+potential+mechanism+for+cardiac+recovery.">Decreased expression of tumor necrosis factor-&#945; in failing human myocardium after mechanical circulatory support: A potential mechanism for cardiac recovery.</a> Circulation. 100 (11), 1189-1193 (1999).</li><li>Goldstein, D. J., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Circulatory+resuscitation+with+left+ventricular+assist+device+support+reduces+interleukins+6+and+8+levels.">Circulatory resuscitation with left ventricular assist device support reduces interleukins 6 and 8 levels.</a> The Annals of Thoracic Surgery. 63 (4), 971-974 (1997).</li><li>Tang-Quan, K. R., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Non-volume-loaded+heart+provides+a+more+relevant+heterotopic+transplantation+model.">Non-volume-loaded heart provides a more relevant heterotopic transplantation model.</a> Transplant Immunology. 23 (1-2), 65-70 (2010).</li><li>Lakhal-Naouar, I., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Transcutaneous+immunization+using+SLA+or+rLACK+skews+the+immune+response+towards+a+Th1+profile+but+fails+to+protect+BALB/c+mice+against+a+Leishmania+major+challenge.">Transcutaneous immunization using SLA or rLACK skews the immune response towards a Th1 profile but fails to protect BALB/c mice against a Leishmania major challenge.</a> Vaccine. 37 (3), 516-523 (2019).</li><li>Sousa-Batista, A. 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The previously described method of heterotopic cardiac transplantation in rats is mainly based on the description of Ono and Lindsey in 19693. Since then, several modifications have been introduced in various species leading to a wide diversity of this model. Combining several of these modifications and introducing our own experience resulting from over 30 years of performing heterotopic heart transplants in the laboratory, we created a feasible surgical approach, which does not require long train...

Heterotopic heart transplantation is a frequently used experimental model for different investigations regarding transplantation tolerance, acute and chronic allograft rejection, ischemia-reperfusion injury, machine perfusion or cardiac remodelling. Among other advantages, the graft function can be monitored noninvasively by palpation and graft failure does not lead to a vital impairment of the recipient in contrast to other organs, such as kidneys or livers.
In 1964, Abbott et al. initially described heterotopic abdominal heart transplantation in rats1. Later, in 1966, the end-to-side technique for anastomoses was described by Tomita et al.2. The groundwork for the currently used model was reported by Ono and Lindsey in 19693. During the last decades, several modifications have been published to create different types of unloaded, partially loaded or loaded left ventricular heart grafts including combined heterotopic heart-lung transplantation4,5,6. For immunological analyses a non-volume loaded heart graft transplantation is most commonly performed. In this case, the blood flow retrogradely enters the donor ascending aorta and subsequently the coronary arteries. The venous drainage occurs along the coronary sinus into the right atrium and ventricle (Figure 1A-B). Therefore, the left ventricle is excluded from blood flow, apart from marginal amounts of blood from Thebesian veins. This also makes it a useful model for studying the pathophysiological mechanisms during left ventricular assist device therapy7.
Heterotopic heart transplantation has been performed in various species including mice, rabbits, pigs and has even been used as a uni- or biventricular assist device in humans8,9,10,11. The rat still represents a popular experimental animal for transplant models, especially since the graft survival times for different rat strain combinations have been well-defined in the past and a large number of immunological reagents are accessible12,13. Unlike mice, rats are larger making surgery and access to lymphatic tissue for immunological analyses more feasible12. Furthermore, the introduction of commercial cloning technologies in rats in recent years will most likely lead to a recurring interest in experimental rat models14.
In general, heterotopic heart grafts can be attached to the recipient vessels either by performing cervical or abdominal anastomosis. However, a few studies suggest that a femoral anastomosis facilitates improved monitoring due to better access for manual palpation or transfemoral echocardiography and thus allows a more precise detection of graft failure15,16.
It has been shown that there is no difference regarding operation time, complication rate, outcome and graft survival time between both anastomosis techniques17. Clearly, the availability of a sufficient number of draining lymph nodes must be mentioned as a benefit of cervical anastomosis; however, longer training periods are required. In contrast, the abdominal anastomosis is less complicated and equally valuable for immunological investigations, especially when combined with results from a novel method of in-ear injection of allogenic cardiac muscle cells and subsequent cervical lymphadenectomy. A combination of both models offers a broad spectrum of post-interventional immunological analyses.
The following protocol refers to operating in pairs of surgeons in order to reduce ischemia time. However, all experiments can be performed by a single person. The setup of instruments and materials for heart explantation and implantation is displayed in Figure 2A-B.

<table border="1" fo:keep-together.within-page="1" fo:keep-with-next.within-page="always">
	<tbody>
		<tr>
			<td>Anesthesia device (including isoflurane vaporizer)</td>
			<td>Summit Anesthesia Solutions</td>
			<td>No Catalog Number available</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Cannula (27 G)</td>
			<td>BD Microlance</td>
			<td>302200</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Carprofen</td>
			<td>Pfizer</td>
			<td>Rimadyl 50 mg/mL</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Cellstar Tubes (15 mL)</td>
			<td>GreinerBioOne</td>
			<td>188271</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Cell strainer (40 &#181;m)</td>
			<td>BD Falcon</td>
			<td>2271680</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Collagenase Type CLSII</td>
			<td>Biochrome</td>
			<td>C2-22</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Compresses 5x5 cm</td>
			<td>Fuhrmann</td>
			<td>31501</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Compresses 7.5x7.5 cm</td>
			<td>Fuhrmann</td>
			<td>31505</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Cotton swabs</td>
			<td>Heinz Herenz Medizinalbedarf</td>
			<td>1032128</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Dexpathenol (5 %)</td>
			<td>Bayer</td>
			<td>&#34;Bepanthen&#34;</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>DPBS BioWhittaker</td>
			<td>Lonza</td>
			<td>17-512F</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Forceps</td>
			<td>B. Braun</td>
			<td>Aesculap BD557R</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Forceps</td>
			<td>B. Braun</td>
			<td>Aesculap BD313R</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Forceps</td>
			<td>B. Braun</td>
			<td>Aesculap BD35</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Heating mat</td>
			<td>Gaymar Industries</td>
			<td>&#34;T/Pump&#34;</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Hemostatic gauze</td>
			<td>Ethicon</td>
			<td>Tabotamp</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Heparin-Natrium 25 000 I.E.</td>
			<td>Ratiopharm</td>
			<td>No Catalog Number available</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Isofluran CP</td>
			<td>CP-Pharma</td>
			<td>No Catalog Number available</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Large-pored sieve (stainless steel)</td>
			<td>Forschungswerkst&#228;tten Hannover Medical School</td>
			<td>No Catalog Number available</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Lidocaine</td>
			<td>Astra Zeneca</td>
			<td>2 % Xylocain</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Metamizol-Natrium</td>
			<td>Ratiopharma</td>
			<td>Novaminsulfon 500 mg/mL</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Micro forceps</td>
			<td>B. Braun</td>
			<td>Aesculap BD3361</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Micro needle holder</td>
			<td>Codman, Johnson &#38; Johnson Medical</td>
			<td>Codmann 80-2003</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Micro needle holder</td>
			<td>B. Braun</td>
			<td>Aesculap BD336R</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Micro needle holder</td>
			<td>B. Braun</td>
			<td>Aesculap FD241R</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Micro scissors</td>
			<td>B. Braun</td>
			<td>Aesculap FD101R</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Micro scissors</td>
			<td>B. Braun</td>
			<td>Aesculap FM471R</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Needle holder</td>
			<td>B. Braun</td>
			<td>Aesculap BM221R</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Penicillin/Streptomycin/Glutamine (100x)</td>
			<td>PAA</td>
			<td>P11-010</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Peripheral venous catheter (18 G)</td>
			<td>B. Braun</td>
			<td>4268334B</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Peripheral venous catheter (22 G)</td>
			<td>B. Braun</td>
			<td>4268091B</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Probe pointed scissors</td>
			<td>B. Braun</td>
			<td>Aesculap BC030R</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Retractors</td>
			<td>Forschungswerkst&#228;tten Hannover Medical School</td>
			<td>No Catalog Number available</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>RPMI culture medium</td>
			<td>Lonza</td>
			<td>BE12-702F</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Saline solution (NaCl 0.9 %)</td>
			<td>Baxter</td>
			<td>No Catalog Number available</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Scissors</td>
			<td>B. Braun</td>
			<td>Aesculap BC414</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Surgical microscope</td>
			<td>Carl-Zeiss</td>
			<td>OPMI-MDM</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Sutures (anastomoses)</td>
			<td>Catgut</td>
			<td>Mariderm 8-0 monofil</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Sutures (ligature)</td>
			<td>Resorba</td>
			<td>Silk 5-0 polyfil</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Sutures (skin, fascia)</td>
			<td>Ethicon</td>
			<td>Mersilene 3-0</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Syringe (1 mL)</td>
			<td>B. Braun</td>
			<td>9166017V</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Syringe (10 mL)</td>
			<td>B. Braun</td>
			<td>4606108V</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Syringe (20 mL)</td>
			<td>B. Braun</td>
			<td>4606205V</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Vascular clamp</td>
			<td>B. Braun</td>
			<td>Aesculap FB708R</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

an immunological model for heterotopic heart and cardiac muscle cell transplantation in rats

Heterotopic heart transplantation in rats has been a commonly used model for diverse immunological studies for more than 50 years. Several modifications have been reported since the first description in 1964. After 30 years of performing heterotopic heart transplantation in rats, we have developed a simplified surgical approach, which can be easily taught and performed without further surgical training or background.
After dissection of the ascending aorta and the pulmonary artery and ligation of superior and inferior caval and pulmonary veins, the donor heart is harvested and subsequently perfused with ice-cold saline solution supplemented with heparin. After clamping and incising the recipient abdominal vessels, the donor ascending aorta and pulmonary artery are anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta and inferior vena cava, respectively, using continuous running sutures.
Depending on different donor-recipient combinations, this model allows analyses of either acute or chronic rejection of allografts. The immunological significance of this model is further enhanced by a novel approach of in-ear injection of vital cardiac muscle cells and subsequent analysis of draining cervical lymphatic tissue.

In the past, different immunological issues have been addressed on the basis of the model, which was validated in the work group by more than 500 transplants with a survival rate of more than 95%13,18,19,20,21,22,23,24. Tota...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about An Immunological Model for Heterotopic Heart and Cardiac Muscle Cell Transplantation in Rats at JoVE.com

An Immunological Model for Heterotopic Heart and Cardiac Muscle Cell Transplantation in Rats

We describe a model of heterotopic abdominal heart transplantation in rats, implying modifications of current strategies, which lead to a simplified surgical approach. Additionally, we describe a novel rejection model by in-ear injection of vital cardiac muscle cells, allowing further transplant immunological analyses in rats.

Heterotopic heart transplantation in rats has been a commonly used model for diverse immunological studies for more than 50 years. Several modifications ...

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