Name: three-dimensional finger motion tracking during needling: a solution for the kinematic analysis of acupuncture manipulation
Uploaded: 2021-10-28T14:00:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Three-Dimensional Finger Motion Tracking during Needling: A Solution for the Kinematic Analysis of Acupuncture Manipulation at JoVE.com

This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Number. 82174506).

This study was approved by the ethics committee of Yueyang Hospital, affiliated with Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine (reference no. 2021-062), and each participant signed an informed consent form.
1. Experiment preparations
<ol>
	<li>Camera settings:
	<ol>
		<li>Place three tripods in front of the operation table, and connect them with three cameras.</li>
		<li>Set the shooting parameters of the cameras as follows: resolution 1280 x720 pixels, format MP4,...

<ol>
	<li>Xu, G., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Effect+of+different+twirling+and+rotating+acupuncture+manipulation+techniques+on+the+blood+flow+perfusion+at+acupoints.">Effect of different twirling and rotating acupuncture manipulation techniques on the blood flow perfusion at acupoints.</a> Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine. 39 (5), 730-739 (2019).</li><li>Lan, K. C., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Effects+of+the+New+Lift-Thrust+Operation+in+Laser+Acupuncture+Investigated+by+Thermal+Imaging.">Effects of the New Lift-Thrust Operation in Laser Acupuncture Investigated by Thermal Imaging.</a> Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine. 2019 (2), 1-8 (2019).</li><li>Zhang, L., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Effects+of+acupuncture+with+needle+manipulation+at+different+frequencies+for+patients+with+hypertension:+Result+of+a+24-+week+clinical+observation.">Effects of acupuncture with needle manipulation at different frequencies for patients with hypertension: Result of a 24- week clinical observation.</a> Complementary Therapies in Medicine. 45, 142-148 (2019).</li><li>Sun, N., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Correlation+between+acupuncture+dose+and+effectiveness+in+the+treatment+of+knee+osteoarthritis:+a+systematic+review.">Correlation between acupuncture dose and effectiveness in the treatment of knee osteoarthritis: a systematic review.</a> Acupuncture in Medicine. 37 (5), 261-267 (2019).</li><li>Choi, Y. J., Lee, J. E., Moon, W. K., Cho, S. H. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Does+the+effect+of+acupuncture+depend+on+needling+sensation+and+manipulation.">Does the effect of acupuncture depend on needling sensation and manipulation.</a> Complementary Therapies in Medicine. 21 (3), 207-214 (2013).</li><li>Park, Y. J., Lee, J. M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Effect+of+acupuncture+intervention+and+manipulation+types+on+poststroke+dysarthria:+A+systematic+review+and+meta-analysis.">Effect of acupuncture intervention and manipulation types on poststroke dysarthria: A systematic review and meta-analysis.</a> Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine. 2020, 4981945 (2020).</li><li>Yang, N. N., Ma, S. M., Yang, J. W., Li, T. R., Liu, C. Z. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Standardizing+therapeutic+parameters+of+acupuncture+in+vascular+dementia+rats.">Standardizing therapeutic parameters of acupuncture in vascular dementia rats.</a> Brain and Behavior. 10 (10), 01781 (2020).</li><li>Lyu, R., Gao, M., Yang, H., Wen, Z., Tang, W. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Stimulation+parameters+of+manual+acupuncture+and+their+measurement.">Stimulation parameters of manual acupuncture and their measurement.</a> Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine. 2019, 1725936 (2019).</li><li>Li, J., Grierson, L. E., Wu, M. X., Breuer, R., Carnahan, H. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Perceptual+motor+features+of+expert+acupuncture+lifting-thrusting+skills.">Perceptual motor features of expert acupuncture lifting-thrusting skills.</a> Acupuncture in Medicine. 31 (2), 172-177 (2013).</li><li>Xuemin, S., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Application+of+Twirling+Replenishing+and+Reducing+Technique+and+Its+Quantitative+Concept.">Application of Twirling Replenishing and Reducing Technique and Its Quantitative Concept.</a> Chinese Medical Journal. 05, 16-17 (1987).</li><li>Guxing, <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Development+of+teaching+test+apparatus+for+acupuncture+manipulations+in+TCM.">Development of teaching test apparatus for acupuncture manipulations in TCM.</a> Chinese Acupuncture &amp; Moxibustion. 21 (4), 229 (2001).</li><li>Liu, T. Y., Yang, H. Y., Li, X. J., Kuai, L., Gao, M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Exploitation+and+application+of+acupuncture+manipulation+information+analysis+system.">Exploitation and application of acupuncture manipulation information analysis system.</a> Zhen Ci Yan Jiu. 33 (5), 330-333 (2008).</li><li>Leow, M. Q., Cao, T., Cui, S. L., Tay, S. C. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Quantifying+needle+motion+during+acupuncture:+implications+for+education+and+future+research.">Quantifying needle motion during acupuncture: implications for education and future research.</a> Acupuncture in Medicine. 34 (6), 482-484 (2016).</li><li>Sun, L. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=.">.</a> Research on Acupuncture Information Transmission and Quantification System. , (2005).</li><li>Tang, W. C., Yang, H. Y., Liu, T. Y., Gao, M., Xu, G. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Motion+video-based+quantitative+analysis+of+the+'lifting-thrusting'+method:+a+comparison+between+teachers+and+students+of+acupuncture.">Motion video-based quantitative analysis of the 'lifting-thrusting' method: a comparison between teachers and students of acupuncture.</a> Acupuncture in Medicine. 36 (1), 21-28 (2018).</li><li>Zhang, A., Yan, X. K., Liu, A. G. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=An+Introduction+to+a+newly-developed+“Acupuncture+Needle+Manipulation+Training-evaluation+System”+based+on+optical+motion+capture+technique.">An Introduction to a newly-developed “Acupuncture Needle Manipulation Training-evaluation System” based on optical motion capture technique.</a> Acupuncture Research. 41 (6), 556-559 (2016).</li><li>Zhang, A., Yan, X. K., Liu, A. G. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=An+Introduction+to+A+Newly-developed+“Acupuncture+Needle+Manipulation+Training-evaluation+System”+[Based+on+Optical+Motion+Capture+Techniqu].">An Introduction to A Newly-developed “Acupuncture Needle Manipulation Training-evaluation System” [Based on Optical Motion Capture Techniqu].</a> Zhen Ci Yan Jiu. 41 (6), 556-559 (2016).</li><li>Yang, P., Sun, X. W., Ma, Y. K., Zhang, C. X., Zhang, W. G. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Quantitative+research+on+acupuncture+manipulation+based+on+video+motion+capture.">Quantitative research on acupuncture manipulation based on video motion capture.</a> Medical Biomechanics. 31 (2), 154-159 (2016).</li><li>Wang, F. C., Ma, T. M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=.">.</a> Acupuncture and Moxibustion Techniques and Manipulations, 4 end. , 31-34 (2016).</li><li>. Acupuncture Manipulation Analysis (AMA) Version 1.1 Available from: <a target="_blank" href="https://github.com/SHUTCM-tcme/AMA">https://github.com/SHUTCM-tcme/AMA</a> (2021)</li><li>Wu, G., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=ISB+recommendation+on+definitions+of+joint+coordinate+systems+of+various+joints+for+the+reporting+of+human+joint+motion--Part+II:+shoulder,+elbow,+wrist+and+hand.">ISB recommendation on definitions of joint coordinate systems of various joints for the reporting of human joint motion--Part II: shoulder, elbow, wrist and hand.</a> Journal of Biomechanics. 38 (5), 981-992 (2005).</li><li>Metcalf, C. D., Notley, S. V., Chappell, P. H., Burridge, J. H., Yule, V. T. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Validation+and+application+of+a+computational+model+for+wrist+and+hand+movements+using+surface+markers.">Validation and application of a computational model for wrist and hand movements using surface markers.</a> IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering. 55 (3), 1199-1210 (2008).</li><li>Ganguly, A., Rashidi, G., Mombaur, K. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Comparison+of+the+performance+of+the+leap+motion+controller(tm)+with+a+standard+marker-based+motion+capture+system.">Comparison of the performance of the leap motion controller(tm) with a standard marker-based motion capture system.</a> Sensors (Basel). 21 (5), (2021).</li><li>Cecilio-Fernandes, D., Cnossen, F., Coster, J., Jaarsma, A. D. C., Tio, R. A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+effects+of+expert+and+augmented+feedback+on+learning+a+complex+medical+skill.">The effects of expert and augmented feedback on learning a complex medical skill.</a> Perceptual and Motor Skills. 127 (4), 766-784 (2020).</li><li>Asadipour, A., Debattista, K., Chalmers, A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Visuohaptic+augmented+feedback+for+enhancing+motor+skills+acquisition.">Visuohaptic augmented feedback for enhancing motor skills acquisition.</a> The Visual Computer. 33 (4), 401-411 (2017).</li><li>Ozkaya, G., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Three-dimensional+motion+capture+data+during+repetitive+overarm+throwing+practice.">Three-dimensional motion capture data during repetitive overarm throwing practice.</a> Scientific Data. 5, 180272 (2018).</li><li>Maidhof, C., Kastner, T., Makkonen, T. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Combining+EEG,+MIDI,+and+motion+capture+techniques+for+investigating+musical+performance.">Combining EEG, MIDI, and motion capture techniques for investigating musical performance.</a> Behavior Research Methods. 46 (1), 185-195 (2014).</li><li>Turner, C., Visentin, P., Oye, D., Rathwell, S., Shan, G. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Pursuing+artful+movement+science+in+music+performance:+single+subject+motor+analysis+with+two+elite+pianists.">Pursuing artful movement science in music performance: single subject motor analysis with two elite pianists.</a> Perceptual and Motor Skills. 128 (3), 1252-1274 (2021).</li><li>Holden, M. S., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Objective+assessment+of+colonoscope+manipulation+skills+in+colonoscopy+training.">Objective assessment of colonoscope manipulation skills in colonoscopy training.</a> International Journal for Computer Assisted Radiology and Surgery. 13 (1), 105-114 (2018).</li><li>Oquendo, Y. A., Riddle, E. W., Hiller, D., Blinman, T. A., Kuchenbecker, K. J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Automatically+rating+trainee+skill+at+a+pediatric+laparoscopic+suturing+task.">Automatically rating trainee skill at a pediatric laparoscopic suturing task.</a> Surgical Endoscopy. 32 (4), 1840-1857 (2018).</li><li>Kwak, J. M., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Improvement+of+arthroscopic+surgical+performance+using+a+new+wide-angle+arthroscope+in+the+surgical+training.">Improvement of arthroscopic surgical performance using a new wide-angle arthroscope in the surgical training.</a> PLoS One. 14 (3), 0203578 (2019).</li><li>Zhenzhu, L., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Feasibility+study+of+the+low-cost+motion+tracking+system+for+assessing+endoscope+holding+skills.">Feasibility study of the low-cost motion tracking system for assessing endoscope holding skills.</a> World Neurosurgery. 140, 312-319 (2020).</li><li>Sakakura, Y., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Biomechanical+profiles+of+tracheal+intubation:+a+mannequin-based+study+to+make+an+objective+assessment+of+clinical+skills+by+expert+anesthesiologists+and+novice+residents.">Biomechanical profiles of tracheal intubation: a mannequin-based study to make an objective assessment of clinical skills by expert anesthesiologists and novice residents.</a> BMC Medical Education. 18 (1), 293 (2018).</li><li>Hunukumbure, A. D., Smith, S. F., Das, S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Holistic+feedback+approach+with+video+and+peer+discussion+under+teacher+supervision.">Holistic feedback approach with video and peer discussion under teacher supervision.</a> BMC Medical Education. 17 (1), 179 (2017).</li></ol>

This study established the measurement method of the kinematic parameters of AM in vivo and obtained the data of motion amplitude, velocity, and operation time of the six important tracking points on the thumb and forefinger along three axes. Meanwhile, based on the 3D calibration frame, a 3D stick view and corresponding animation of the thumb and forefinger during needling were generated. The thumb and forefinger movement of AM can be fully displayed with the synchronous playback of kinematic parameter curve an...

As a kind of the clinical skills of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) and physical stimulation, acupuncture manipulation (AM) is often regarded as an important factor that affects the therapeutic effect of acupuncture1,2. Many studies have confirmed that different AM or different stimulation parameters (needling velocity, amplitude, frequency, etc.) of the same AM resulted in different therapeutic effects3,4,5,6,7. Therefore, the measurement of relevant kinematic parameters of AM and correlation analysis with the therapeutic effect can provide useful data support and reference for the clinical treatment with acupuncture8,9.
The measurement of kinematic parameters of the AM began in the 1980s10. In the early days, the electrical signal conversion technology based on variable resistance was mainly used to convert the displacement signal of the needle body into a voltage or current signal for displaying and recording the amplitude and frequency data of AM11. Moreover, the famous ATP-II Chinese medicine acupuncture technique tester II (ATP-II) with this technology currently has been used by many traditional Chinese medicine universities of China12. After that, with the continuous development and innovation of sensor technology, different types of sensors were used to collect kinematic parameters of AM. For example, the three axes electromagnetic motion sensor was attached to the needle handle to acquire needling amplitude and velocity13; the bioelectric signal sensor was placed on the dorsal horn of the animal&#39;s spinal cord to record needling frequency14, etc. Although the quantitative research of AM based on the above two types of technologies has completed the acquisition of relevant kinematic parameters during needling, its main disadvantages are the inability to perform the real-time non-invasive measurement and the change of operating feel caused by the modification of the needle body.
In recent years, motion tracking technology was gradually applied to the quantitative research of AM15,16. Because it is based on the frame-by-frame analysis of needling video, the measurement of acupuncture parameters can be acquired during in vivo operation without modifying the needle body. This technology has been used to measure the kinematic parameters such as amplitude, velocity, acceleration, and frequency of four tracking points of thumb and forefinger during needling in a two-dimensional (2D) plane and established the corresponding finger stick figure15. Some studies also measured the angle change range of interphalangeal (IP) joint of thumb and forefinger with similar technology9,17,18. However, the current studies on AM analysis are still mainly limited to the 2D motion plane, and the number of tracking points is relatively small. So far, there is no complete three-dimensional (3D) kinematics measurement and analysis method for AM, and no related data was published.
To solve the above problems, this study will use 3D motion tracking technology to measure the kinematic parameters of the seven tracking points of hand during needling. This protocol aims to provide a complete technical solution for the kinematic analysis on AM, as well as the further study on the dose-effect correlation of acupuncture.

<table border="1" fo:keep-together.within-page="1" fo:keep-with-next.within-page="always">
	<tbody>
		<tr>
			<td>3D calibration frame</td>
			<td>Any brand</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>15 x 15 x 15 cm</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Acupuncture needles</td>
			<td>Suzhou Medical Appliance Factory</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>0.35 x 40 mm</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Double-sided tape</td>
			<td>Any brand</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>Round, 1 cm-diameter</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Reflective balls</td>
			<td>Simi Reality Motion Systems GmbH</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>6.5 mm-diameter</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>SD card</td>
			<td>Western Digital Corporation</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>SDXC UHS-I</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>SD card reader</td>
			<td>UGREEN Group Limited</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>USB 3.0</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Simi Motion</td>
			<td>Simi Reality Motion Systems GmbH</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>Ver.8.5.15</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Swab</td>
			<td>Any brand</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>The volume fraction of ethanol is 70%-80%</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Three cameras</td>
			<td>Victor Company of Japan, Limited</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>JVC GC-PX100BAC</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Three tripods</td>
			<td>Any brand</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

three-dimensional finger motion tracking during needling: a solution for the kinematic analysis of acupuncture manipulation

Three-dimensional (3D) motion tracking has been used in many fields, such as the researches of sport and medical skills. This experiment aimed to use 3D motion tracking technology to measure the kinematic parameters of the joints of fingers during acupuncture manipulation (AM) and establish three technical indicators "amplitude, velocity and time". This method can reflect the operation characteristics of AM and provide quantitative parameters along three axes of multiple finger joints. The current evidence shows that the method has great potential for future applications such as the study of the dose-effect relationship of acupuncture, teaching, and learning of AM, and the measurement and preservation of famous acupuncturists' AM.

After establishing this experimental method, the lifting-thrusting and twirling skills of basic AM of nineteen acupuncture teachers from the School of Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Tuina of Shanghai University of TCM were measured using 3D motion tracking. According to the definition of a joint coordinate system (JCS) for the shoulder, elbow, wrist, and hand proposed by the Standardization and Terminology Committee (STC) of the International Society of Biomechanics21, seven finger tracking points ha...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Three-Dimensional Finger Motion Tracking during Needling: A Solution for the Kinematic Analysis of Acupuncture Manipulation at JoVE.com

Three-Dimensional Finger Motion Tracking during Needling: A Solution for the Kinematic Analysis of Acupuncture Manipulation

This experimental method describes a solution for the kinematic analysis of acupuncture manipulation with three-dimensional finger motion tracking technology.

Three-dimensional (3D) motion tracking has been used in many fields, such as the researches of sport and medical skills. This experiment aimed to use 3D ...

Research

JoVE Journal

Medicine

Heterotypic Three-dimensional In Vitro Modeling of Stromal-Epithelial Interactions During Ovarian Cancer Initiation and Progression

Heterotypic Three-dimensional In Vitro Modeling of Stromal-Epithelial Interactions During Ovarian Cancer Initiation and Progression

Epithelial ovarian cancers (EOCs) are the leading cause of death from gynecological malignancy in Western societies. Despite advances in surgical ...

Human Neuroendocrine Tumor Cell Lines as a Three-Dimensional Model for the Study of Human Neuroendocrine Tumor Therapy

Neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) are rare tumors, with an incidence of two per 100,&#x200A;000 individuals per year, and they account for 0.5% of all human ...

Three-dimensional Co-culture Model for Tumor-stromal Interaction

Cancer progression (initiation, growth, invasion and metastasis) occurs through interactions between malignant cells and the surrounding tumor stromal ...

Three-Dimensional (3D) Tumor Spheroid Invasion Assay

Three-Dimensional 3D Tumor Spheroid Invasion Assay

Invasion of surrounding normal tissues is generally considered to be a key hallmark of malignant (as opposed to benign) tumors. For some cancers in ...

Adapted Resistance Training Improves Strength in Eight Weeks in Individuals with Multiple Sclerosis

Hip weakness is a common symptom affecting walking ability in people with multiple sclerosis (MS). It is known that resistance strength training (RST) can ...

Three-Dimensional Printing of a Complex Aortic Anomaly

Complex congenital aortic anomalies include diverse types of malformations that may be clinically asymptomatic or present with respiratory or esophageal ...

Whole-Kidney Three-Dimensional Staining with CUBIC

Although conventional pathology provided numerous information about kidney microstructure, it was difficult to know the precise structure of blood ...

FSN Therapy for Knee Osteoarthritis Pain Management

Fu's Subcutaneous Needling for Knee Osteoarthritis Pain

Fu's Subcutaneous Needling for Knee Osteoarthritis Pain (Video) | JoVE 

Fu's subcutaneous needling (FSN) is a new acupuncture and dry needling technique based on traditional Chinese medicine. It rapidly produces long-lasting ...

Computer-Aided Three-Dimensional Visualization in the Treatment of Locally Advanced Thyroid Cancer

The diagnosis and treatment of locally advanced thyroid carcinoma are challenging. The challenge lies in the evaluation of the tumor scope and the ...

Improving FSN Therapy in the Rat Model&#58; Minimizing Discomfort and Maximizing Efficiency

Efficacy of Fu's Subcutaneous Needling on Sciatic Nerve Pain: Behavioral and Electrophysiological Changes in a Chronic Constriction Injury Rat Model

Author Spotlight: Unveiling the Therapeutic Effects of FSN Treatment &#8211; Bridging Research and Clinical Applications in Neuropathic Pain

Fu&#39;s subcutaneous needling (FSN), an invented acupuncture technique from traditional Chinese medicine, is used worldwide for pain relief. However, the ...