Name: partial sciatic nerve ligation: a mouse model of chronic neuropathic pain to study the antinociceptive effect of novel therapies
Uploaded: 2022-10-06T14:30:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Partial Sciatic Nerve Ligation: A Mouse Model of Chronic Neuropathic Pain to Study the Antinociceptive Effect of Novel Therapies at JoVE.com

This research was supported by the National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health [R01AT009716, 2017] (M.M.I.), the Comprehensive Chronic Pain and Addiction Center-University of Arizona (M.M.I.), and the Medical Scientist Training Program (MSTP) at the University of Arizona, College of Medicine, Tucson.

All procedures were approved by the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee of the University of Arizona and conform to the guidelines for the use of laboratory animals of the National Institutes of Health (NIH publication no. 80-23, 1966). Pathogen-free, adult C57Bl6/J mice (weight at testing: 22-28 g) were housed in standard vivarium mouse cages (five mice per cage) in climate-controlled rooms on a 12 h light/dark cycle and were allowed access to food and water ad libitum. All behavioral experiments were c...

<ol>
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K. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+peripheral+mononeuropathy+in+rat+that+produces+disorders+of+pain+sensation+like+those+seen+in+man.">A peripheral mononeuropathy in rat that produces disorders of pain sensation like those seen in man.</a> Pain. 33 (1), 87-107 (1988).</li><li>Seltzer, Z., Dubner, R., Shir, Y. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+novel+behavioral+model+of+neuropathic+pain+disorders+produced+in+rats+by+partial+sciatic+nerve+injury.">A novel behavioral model of neuropathic pain disorders produced in rats by partial sciatic nerve injury.</a> Pain. 43 (2), 205-218 (1990).</li><li>Hasnie, F. S., Wallace, V. C., Hefner, K., Holmes, A., Rice, A. S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Mechanical+and+cold+hypersensitivity+in+nerve-injured+C57BL/6J+mice+is+not+associated+with+fear-avoidance-and+depression-related+behaviour.">Mechanical and cold hypersensitivity in nerve-injured C57BL/6J mice is not associated with fear-avoidance-and depression-related behaviour.</a> British Journal of Anaesthia. 98 (6), 816-822 (2007).</li><li>Ito, H., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Suvorexant+and+mirtazapine+improve+chronic+pain-related+changes+in+parameters+of+sleep+and+voluntary+physical+performance+in+mice+with+sciatic+nerve+ligation.">Suvorexant and mirtazapine improve chronic pain-related changes in parameters of sleep and voluntary physical performance in mice with sciatic nerve ligation.</a> PLoS One. 17 (2), 0264386 (2022).</li><li>Martin, L., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Conotoxin+contulakin-G+engages+a+neurotensin+receptor+2/R-type+calcium+channel+(Cav2.3)+pathway+to+mediate+spinal+antinociception.">Conotoxin contulakin-G engages a neurotensin receptor 2/R-type calcium channel (Cav2.3) pathway to mediate spinal antinociception.</a> Pain. 163 (9), 1751-1762 (2021).</li><li>Peiser-Oliver, J. 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D. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=.">.</a> Encyclopedia of Pain. , 1299-1300 (2007).</li><li>Zahn, P. K., Brennan, T. 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K. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Characterization+of+the+foot+withdrawal+response+to+noxious+radiant+heat+in+the+rat.">Characterization of the foot withdrawal response to noxious radiant heat in the rat.</a> Pain. 59 (1), 85-94 (1994).</li><li>Cheah, M., Fawcett, J. W., Andrews, M. R. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Assessment+of+thermal+pain+sensation+in+rats+and+mice+using+the+Hargreaves+test.">Assessment of thermal pain sensation in rats and mice using the Hargreaves test.</a> Bio-Protocol. 7 (16), 2506 (2017).</li><li>Hook, M. A., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+impact+of+morphine+after+a+spinal+cord+injury.">The impact of morphine after a spinal cord injury.</a> Behavioural brain research. 179 (2), 281-293 (2007).</li><li>Loram, L. C., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Prior+exposure+to+repeated+morphine+potentiates+mechanical+allodynia+induced+by+peripheral+inflammation+and+neuropathy.">Prior exposure to repeated morphine potentiates mechanical allodynia induced by peripheral inflammation and neuropathy.</a> Brain, behavior, and immunity. 26 (8), 1256-1264 (2007).</li><li>Green-Fulgham, S. M., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Oxycodone,+fentanyl,+and+morphine+amplify+established+neuropathic+pain+in+male+rats.">Oxycodone, fentanyl, and morphine amplify established neuropathic pain in male rats.</a> Pain. 160 (11), 2634-2640 (2019).</li><li>Deuis, J. R., Dvorakova, L. S., Vetter, I. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Methods+used+to+evaluate+pain+behaviors+in+rodents.">Methods used to evaluate pain behaviors in rodents.</a> Frontiers in Molecular Neuroscience. 10, 284 (2017).</li><li>Chaplan, S. R., Bach, F. W., Pogrel, J. W., Chung, J. M., Yaksh, T. L. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Quantitative+assessment+of+tactile+allodynia+in+the+rat+paw.">Quantitative assessment of tactile allodynia in the rat paw.</a> Journal of Neuroscience Methods. 53 (1), 55-63 (1994).</li><li>Jensen, T. S., Finnerup, N. B. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Allodynia+and+hyperalgesia+in+neuropathic+pain:+clinical+manifestations+and+mechanisms.">Allodynia and hyperalgesia in neuropathic pain: clinical manifestations and mechanisms.</a> Lancet Neurology. 13 (9), 924-935 (2014).</li><li>Malmberg, A. B., Gilbert, H., McCabe, R. T., Basbaum, A. I. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Powerful+antinociceptive+effects+of+the+cone+snail+venom-derived+subtype-selective+NMDA+receptor+antagonists+conantokins+G+and+T.">Powerful antinociceptive effects of the cone snail venom-derived subtype-selective NMDA receptor antagonists conantokins G and T.</a> Pain. 101 (1-2), 109-116 (2003).</li><li>Nakamura, Y., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Neuropathic+pain+in+rats+with+a+partial+sciatic+nerve+ligation+is+alleviated+by+intravenous+injection+of+monoclonal+antibody+to+high+mobility+group+box-1.">Neuropathic pain in rats with a partial sciatic nerve ligation is alleviated by intravenous injection of monoclonal antibody to high mobility group box-1.</a> PLoS One. 8 (8), 73640 (2013).</li><li>Sherman, K., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Heterogeneity+in+patterns+of+pain+development+after+nerve+injury+in+rats+and+the+influence+of+sex.">Heterogeneity in patterns of pain development after nerve injury in rats and the influence of sex.</a> Neurobiology of Pain. 10, 100069 (2021).</li><li>Ba, X., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Cinobufacini+protects+against+paclitaxel-induced+peripheral+neuropathic+pain+and+suppresses+TRPV1+up-regulation+and+spinal+astrocyte+activation+in+rats.">Cinobufacini protects against paclitaxel-induced peripheral neuropathic pain and suppresses TRPV1 up-regulation and spinal astrocyte activation in rats.</a> Biomedicine Pharmacotherapy. 108, 76-84 (2018).</li><li>Hao, Y., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Huachansu+suppresses+TRPV1+up-regulation+and+spinal+astrocyte+activation+to+prevent+oxaliplatin-induced+peripheral+neuropathic+pain+in+rats.">Huachansu suppresses TRPV1 up-regulation and spinal astrocyte activation to prevent oxaliplatin-induced peripheral neuropathic pain in rats.</a> Gene. 680, 43-50 (2019).</li><li>Guo, J., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Effects+of+resveratrol+in+the+signaling+of+neuropathic+pain+involving+P2X3+in+the+dorsal+root+ganglion+of+rats.">Effects of resveratrol in the signaling of neuropathic pain involving P2X3 in the dorsal root ganglion of rats.</a> Acta Neurologica Belgica. 121 (2), 365-372 (2021).</li><li>Ni, W., Zheng, X., Hu, L., Kong, C., Xu, Q. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Preventing+oxaliplatin-induced+neuropathic+pain:+Using+berberine+to+inhibit+the+activation+of+NF-kappaB+and+release+of+pro-inflammatory+cytokines+in+dorsal+root+ganglions+in+rats.">Preventing oxaliplatin-induced neuropathic pain: Using berberine to inhibit the activation of NF-kappaB and release of pro-inflammatory cytokines in dorsal root ganglions in rats.</a> Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine. 21 (2), 135 (2021).</li><li>Wang, J., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Selective+activation+of+metabotropic+glutamate+receptor+7+blocks+paclitaxel-induced+acute+neuropathic+pain+and+suppresses+spinal+glial+reactivity+in+rats.">Selective activation of metabotropic glutamate receptor 7 blocks paclitaxel-induced acute neuropathic pain and suppresses spinal glial reactivity in rats.</a> Psychopharmacology. 238 (1), 107-119 (2021).</li><li>Sun, C., Wu, G., Zhang, Z., Cao, R., Cui, S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Protein+tyrosine+phosphatase+receptor+type+D+regulates+neuropathic+pain+after+nerve+injury+via+the+STING-IFN-I+pathway.">Protein tyrosine phosphatase receptor type D regulates neuropathic pain after nerve injury via the STING-IFN-I pathway.</a> Frontiers in Molecular Neuroscience. 15, 859166 (2022).</li><li>Coyle, D. E., Sehlhorst, C. S., Mascari, C. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Female+rats+are+more+susceptible+to+the+development+of+neuropathic+pain+using+the+partial+sciatic+nerve+ligation+(PSNL)+model.">Female rats are more susceptible to the development of neuropathic pain using the partial sciatic nerve ligation (PSNL) model.</a> Neuroscience Letters. 186 (2-3), 135-138 (1995).</li></ol>

Chronic pain treatment often requires long-term medication, rendering pain management challenging. Thus, preclinical models are an essential tool to evaluate the potential benefits of innovative therapies relying on pharmacological or non-pharmacological approaches. The numerous models of chronic neuropathic pain bring challenges due to increased variability in the surgical techniques among different researchers, leading to reduced reproducibility. Thus, it is essential to characterize the potential antinociceptive effec...

Chronic pain is a significant healthcare issue across the world and is one of the costliest health problems in the United States. Chronic pain is better managed when both pharmacological and non-pharmacological modalities are utilized in a multidisciplinary fashion1. Management of chronic pain is challenging and, in some cases, does not adequately treat the pain2. Therefore, new and complementary methods are needed to improve chronic pain management, and animal models are crucial to investigate innovative therapies.
Chronic neuropathic pain results from lesions or diseases in the somatosensory system, including diabetes, infections, nerve compressions, or autoimmune diseases3. Neuropathic pain relies both on peripheral and central sensitization mechanisms and originates from a lesion of the nerves. This pain can be characterized by both touch- and thermal-evoked hyperalgesia and allodynia, ongoing pain, and changes in the temperature of the affected limb4. To better understand the mechanisms and advance new treatments, several models have been developed in rodents to mimic the symptoms and causes of neuropathic pain5. For example, neuropathic pain can be induced with chemotherapeutic agent injections, spinal nerve ligation (SNL), chronic constriction injury (CCI) of the sciatic nerve, pSNL, spared nerve injury, sciatic nerve transection, and sciatic nerve trisection6. Notably, ligation of the sciatic nerve reproduces multiple features of neuropathic pain observed in humans, such as mechanical and thermal hypersensitivity, or changes in temperature of the affected limb, characteristic of complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS)7. Thus, this model is well-suited for the study of CRPS or any other nerve injury affections that induce chronic neuropathic pain. The model was first developed by Seltzer in 19908, and is widely used in pain studies to investigate novel analgesic compounds or evaluate the cognitive effects of chronic pain9,10,11,12,13. The model presents high reproducibility, and the partial ligation preserves behavioral responses to peripheral stimuli6.
Many of the currently used models have shortcomings not observed in pSNL. The CCI model has a much higher variability of injury between each animal depending on the snugness of the constrictor, and autotomy alters the hind paw digits rendering the model unsuitable for behavioral analysis6. The SNL model is a far more complicated and longer surgery that not only requires advanced technical skills but also carries a high risk of severe motor deficits3. These shortcomings are not seen in the pSNL model. The ease of reproducibility, short duration of the surgery, and the reduced risk of motor deficits seen postoperatively make this model valuable for studying peripheral neuropathic pain8,14. Nevertheless, the partial ligation procedure itself can have variability between experimenters, resulting in less consistency in the number of ligated nerve fibers. Thus, presenting the details of the surgery is crucial to increase reproducibility among studies.
To induce chronic neuropathy, a 9-0 non-absorbable nylon suture is used to ligate a third of the width of the sciatic nerve. Following surgery, responses to thermal and mechanical stimuli are exaggerated, starting at day 1 postoperatively and lasting more than 50 days8. Here, both thermal and mechanical sensitivities were evaluated over 28 days using Hargreaves&#39;, hot plate, and von Frey filament tests. All of the behavioral assays demonstrated the consistency of the long-lasting hypersensitivity. This model has been shown to have dose-dependent effects of both morphine and ibuprofen, confirming it is well-suited for preclinical pain studies. Notably, this article describes the instructions for a unique handmade glass tool, referred to as &#34;nerve glass hook.&#34; This tool is used in place of forceps to manipulate the nerve and prevent unintended additional nerve injury during surgery.

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	<tbody>
		<tr>
			<td>5/0, FS-2, 30&#34; Undyed PGA Braided Polyglycolic Acid Synthetic Absorbable Suture</td>
			<td>CP Medical</td>
			<td>421A</td>
			<td>https://cpmedical.com/suturesearch/product/421a-visorb-50-fs-2-30/</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>6/0, P-1, 18&#34; Blue Polypropylene Monofilament Non-Absorbable Suture</td>
			<td>CP Medical</td>
			<td>8697P</td>
			<td>https://cpmedical.com/suturesearch/product/8697p-polypro-60-p-1-18/</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>9/0 (0.3 metric) Nylon Black Monofilament Suture</td>
			<td>Crestpoint Ophthalmics</td>
			<td>MANI 1407</td>
			<td>https://crestpointophthalmics.com/mani-1407-suture-trape-spatula-nylon-black-mono-box-of-12.html</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Allodynia Software&#160;</td>
			<td>National Instruments, LabView 2015</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>Quantification of mean withdrawal thresholds (Von Frey data)</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>C57Bl6/J mice&#160;</td>
			<td>The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, ME</td>
			<td>000664</td>
			<td>https://www.jax.org/strain/000664</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Castroviejo needle holder</td>
			<td>Fine Science Tools</td>
			<td>12565-14</td>
			<td>https://www.finescience.com/en-US/Products/Wound-Closure/Needle-Holders/Castroviejo-Needle-Holder/12565-14</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Cold Hot Plate Test</td>
			<td>Bioseb</td>
			<td>BIO-CHP</td>
			<td>https://www.bioseb.com/en/pain-thermal-allodynia-hyperalgesia/563-cold-hot-plate-test.html</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Elevated metal mesh stand for Von Frey</td>
			<td>Bioseb</td>
			<td>BIO-STD2-EVF</td>
			<td>https://www.bioseb.com/en/pain-mechanical-allodynia-hyperalgesia/1689-elevated-metal-mesh-stand-30-cm-height-to-fit-up-to-2-pvf-cages.html</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Extra fine Graefe forceps</td>
			<td>Fine Science Tools</td>
			<td>11152-10</td>
			<td>https://www.fishersci.com/shop/products/fisherbrand-curved-medium-point-general-purpose-forceps/16100110</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Fine Castroviejo needle holder</td>
			<td>Simovision/Geuder</td>
			<td>17565</td>
			<td>https://simovision.com/assets/Uploads/Brochure-Geuder-Ophthalmic-Surgical-Instruments-EN2.pdf</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Fine scissors (11.5 cm)</td>
			<td>Fine Science Tools</td>
			<td>14558-11</td>
			<td>https://www.finescience.com/en-US/Products/Scissors/Standard-Scissors/Fine-Scissors-Tungsten-Carbide-ToughCut%C2%AE/14558-11</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Fine scissors (9 cm)</td>
			<td>Fine Science Tools</td>
			<td>14558-09</td>
			<td>https://www.finescience.com/en-US/Products/Scissors/Standard-Scissors/Fine-Scissors-Tungsten-Carbide-ToughCut%C2%AE/14558-09</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Iris forceps</td>
			<td>Fine Science Tools</td>
			<td>11064-07</td>
			<td>https://www.finescience.com/en-US/Products/Forceps-Hemostats/Fine-Forceps/Iris-Forceps/11064-07</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Micro Adson forceps</td>
			<td>Fine Science Tools</td>
			<td>392487</td>
			<td>https://www.fishersci.com/shop/products/micro-adson-tissue-forceps-1x2-teeth-german-steel/13820072#?keyword=adson%20forceps</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Modular holder cages for rats and mice</td>
			<td>Bioseb</td>
			<td>BIO-PVF</td>
			<td>https://www.bioseb.com/en/pain-mechanical-allodynia-hyperalgesia/1206-modular-holder-cages-for-rats-and-mice.html</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Moretti/Effetre #240 Light Cobalt Blue glass rods 4 mm</td>
			<td>Ebay</td>
			<td>N/A</td>
			<td>https://www.ebay.com/itm/402389491328?hash=item5db0485e80:g:agYAAOS 
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			digE5TL9SzlgMzYUMNDr%2B 
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			6LfYA</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Plantar Test for Thermal Stimulation - Hargreaves Apparatus</td>
			<td>Ugo Basile</td>
			<td>37570</td>
			<td>https://ugobasile.com/products/categories/pain-and-inflammation/plantar-test-for-thermal-stimulation</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Touch-Test Sensory Evaluators, Set of 20 Monofilaments</td>
			<td>North Coast Medical</td>
			<td>NC12775-99</td>
			<td>https://www.ncmedical.com/products/touch-test-sensory-evaluators_1278.html</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Tying forceps</td>
			<td>Duckworth &#38; Kent</td>
			<td>2-504ER8</td>
			<td>https://duckworth-and-kent.com/product/tying-forceps-9/</td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
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partial sciatic nerve ligation: a mouse model of chronic neuropathic pain to study the antinociceptive effect of novel therapies

Management of chronic pain remains challenging to this day, and current treatments are associated with adverse effects, including tolerance and addiction. Chronic neuropathic pain results from lesions or diseases in the somatosensory system. To investigate potential therapies with reduced side effects, animal pain models are the gold standard in preclinical studies. Therefore, well-characterized and well-described models are crucial for the development and validation of innovative therapies. 
Partial ligation of the sciatic nerve (pSNL) is a procedure that induces chronic neuropathic pain in mice, characterized by mechanical and thermal hypersensitivity, ongoing pain, and changes in limb temperature, making this model a great fit to study neuropathic pain preclinically. pSNL is an advantageous model to study neuropathic pain as it reproduces many symptoms observed in humans with neuropathic pain. Furthermore, the surgical procedure is relatively fast and straightforward to perform. Unilateral pSNL of one limb allows for comparison between the ipsilateral and contralateral paws, as well as evaluation of central sensitization. 
To induce chronic neuropathic hypersensitivity, a 9-0 non-absorbable nylon thread is used to ligate the dorsal third of the sciatic nerve. This article describes the surgical procedure and characterizes the development of chronic neuropathic pain through multiple commonly used behavioral tests. As a plethora of innovative therapies are now being investigated to treat chronic pain, this article provides crucial concepts for standardization and an accurate description of surgeries required to induce neuropathic pain.

Chronic neuropathic pain was induced through partial ligation of the sciatic nerve of C57Bl6/J male mice (Figure 1A). Mechanical sensitivity was evaluated using von Frey filaments and the &#34;up-and-down&#34; method. Thermal sensitivity to heat was evaluated using the Hargreaves and hot plate tests. All data were analyzed with a repeated measures two-way ANOVA with Geisser-Greenhouse correction, to compare the effect of pSNL surgery to sham animals over time or the effects of different dose...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Partial Sciatic Nerve Ligation: A Mouse Model of Chronic Neuropathic Pain to Study the Antinociceptive Effect of Novel Therapies at JoVE.com

Partial Sciatic Nerve Ligation: A Mouse Model of Chronic Neuropathic Pain to Study the Antinociceptive Effect of Novel Therapies

Partial sciatic nerve ligation induces long-lasting chronic neuropathic pain, characterized by exaggerated responses to thermal and mechanical stimuli. This mouse model of neuropathic pain is commonly used to study innovative therapies for pain management. This article describes in detail the surgical procedure to improve standardization and reproducibility.

Management of chronic pain remains challenging to this day, and current treatments are associated with adverse effects, including tolerance and addiction. ...

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