ودعمت الدراسات الحالية المعاهد الوطنية للولايات المتحدة منحة الصحة R01 - HL092188 ، R01 - DK083385 وR01HL098294 ، ومؤسسة للتعليم والبحوث التخدير (FAER) منح لHKE ، منحة لFAER JYD و(دويتشه Forschungsgemeinschaft) البحوث DFG الزمالة (GR2121/1-1) لAG.

<ol>
	<li>Abuelo, J. G. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Normotensive+ischemic+acute+renal+failure.">Normotensive ischemic acute renal failure.</a> N Engl J Med. 357, 797-805 (2007).</li><li>Thadhani, R., Pascual, M., Bonventre, J. V. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Acute+renal+failure.">Acute renal failure.</a> N Engl J Med. 334, 448-460 (1996).</li><li>Lameire, N. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+pathophysiology+of+acute+renal+failure.">The pathophysiology of acute renal failure.</a> Crit Care Clin. 21, 197-210 (2005).</li><li>Gelman, S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+pathophysiology+of+aortic+cross-clamping+and+unclamping.">The pathophysiology of aortic cross-clamping and unclamping.</a> Anesthesiology. 82, 1026-1060 (1995).</li><li>Yalavarthy, R., Edelstein, C. L., Teitelbaum, I. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Acute+renal+failure+and+chronic+kidney+disease+following+liver+transplantation.">Acute renal failure and chronic kidney disease following liver transplantation.</a> Hemodial Int. 11, S7-S12 (2007).</li><li>Schrier, R. W., Wang, W. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Acute+renal+failure+and+sepsis.">Acute renal failure and sepsis.</a> N Engl J Med. 351, 159-169 (2004).</li><li>Grenz, A., Osswald, H., Eckle, T. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+Reno-Vascular+A2B+Adenosine+Receptor+Protects+the+Kidney+from+Ischemia.">The Reno-Vascular A2B Adenosine Receptor Protects the Kidney from Ischemia.</a> PLoS Medicine. 5, e137-e137 (2008).</li><li>Grenz, A., Zhang, H., Hermes, M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Contribution+of+E-NTPDase1+(CD39)+to+renal+protection+from+ischemia-reperfusion+injury.">Contribution of E-NTPDase1 (CD39) to renal protection from ischemia-reperfusion injury.</a> FASEB J. 21, 2863-2873 (2007).</li><li>Grenz, A., Zhang, H., Eckle, T. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Protective+role+of+ecto-5'-nucleotidase+(CD73)+in+renal+ischemia.">Protective role of ecto-5'-nucleotidase (CD73) in renal ischemia.</a> J Am Soc Nephrol. 18, 833-845 (2007).</li><li>Akcay, A., Nguyen, Q., Edelstein, C. L. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Mediators+of+inflammation+in+acute+kidney+injury.">Mediators of inflammation in acute kidney injury.</a> Mediators Inflamm. , 137072-137072 (2009).</li><li>Faubel, S., Ljubanovic, D., Poole, B. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Peripheral+CD4+T-cell+depletion+is+not+sufficient+to+prevent+ischemic+acute+renal+failure.">Peripheral CD4 T-cell depletion is not sufficient to prevent ischemic acute renal failure.</a> Transplantation. 80, 643-649 (2005).</li><li>Wei, Q., Bhatt, K., He, H. Z., Mi, Q. S., Haase, V. H., Dong, Z. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Targeted+deletion+of+Dicer+from+proximal+tubules+protects+against+renal+ischemia-reperfusion+injury.">Targeted deletion of Dicer from proximal tubules protects against renal ischemia-reperfusion injury.</a> J Am Soc Nephrol. 21, 756-761 (2010).</li><li>Joo, J. D., Kim, M., Horst, P. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Acute+and+delayed+renal+protection+against+renal+ischemia+and+reperfusion+injury+with+A1+adenosine+receptors.">Acute and delayed renal protection against renal ischemia and reperfusion injury with A1 adenosine receptors.</a> Am J Physiol Renal Physiol. 293, F1847-F1857 (2007).</li><li>Grenz, A., Eckle, T., Zhang, H. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Use+of+a+hanging-weight+system+for+isolated+renal+artery+occlusion+during+ischemic+preconditioning+in+mice.">Use of a hanging-weight system for isolated renal artery occlusion during ischemic preconditioning in mice.</a> Am J Physiol Renal Physiol. 292, F475-F485 (2007).</li><li>Qi, Z., Whitt, I., Mehta, A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Serial+determination+of+glomerular+filtration+rate+in+conscious+mice+using+FITC-inulin+clearance.">Serial determination of glomerular filtration rate in conscious mice using FITC-inulin clearance.</a> Am J Physiol Renal Physiol. 286, 590-596 (2004).</li><li>Lorenz, J. N., Gruenstein, E. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+simple,+nonradioactive+method+for+evaluating+single-nephron+filtration+rate+using+FITC-inulin.">A simple, nonradioactive method for evaluating single-nephron filtration rate using FITC-inulin.</a> Am J Physiol. 276, 172-177 (1999).</li><li>Lorenz, J. N. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+practical+guide+to+evaluating+cardiovascular,+renal,+and+pulmonary+function+in+mice.">A practical guide to evaluating cardiovascular, renal, and pulmonary function in mice.</a> Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol. 282, 1565-1582 (2002).</li></ol>

الإعلان عن أي تضارب في المصالح.

باختصار ، هذه الدراسة توضح تقنية جديدة لأداء نقص تروية الكلى في نموذج الفئران باستخدام نظام شنقا الوزن عن انسداد الشريان الكلوي. في الواقع ، فإن هذه الدراسة تثبت إصابة استنساخه للغاية ، وبالتالي تقليل التفاوت المقترنة لقط من عنيق الكلوي.

<table border="1" style=";text-align:right;direction:rtl"><tbody><tr><th> اسم كاشف </th><th> شركة </th><th> فهرس العدد </th><th> تعليقات </th></tr><tr><td> بنتوباربيتال الصوديوم </td><td> نوادي المضاربة والإستثمار ليرة سورية الدوائية المحدودة </td><td> VPL 9372 </td><td> 4mg/mL في المياه المالحة </td></tr><tr><td> خياطة ، والحرير 4.0 </td><td> جهاز هارفارد </td><td> 517698 </td><td></td></tr><tr><td> خياطة ، Prolene 8.0 </td><td> Ethicon ، الولايات المتحدة الأمريكية </td><td> M8739 </td><td> يمكن إعادة استخدامها </td></tr><tr><td> تشريح المجهر </td><td> لايكا </td><td> ن / أ </td><td> النظر في المسافة السخي العمل </td></tr><tr><td> الجدول التدفئة </td><td> غ ، Effenberger ، ألمانيا </td><td> ن / أ </td><td> فقط واحد مزود </td></tr><tr><td> الأدوات الجراحية </td><td> WPI ، دومون </td><td></td><td> a مقص microvessel غرامة </td></tr></tbody></table>

use of a hanging-weight system for isolated renal artery occlusion

في المرضى في المستشفى ، وتحدث أكثر من 50 ٪ من حالات الإصابة كلوي حاد (كونا) عن طريق نقص تروية الكلى 1-3. كشفت دراسة حديثة لمرضى المستشفى مقترن سوى زيادة معتدلة في مستويات الكرياتينين في المصل (0،3-0،4 ملغ / دل) مع 70 ٪ خطر أكبر للوفاة في الأشخاص من دون أي زيادة بنسبة 1. على طول هذه الخطوط ، والعمليات الجراحية التي تتطلب عبر لقط ترتبط من الشريان الأورطي والأوعية الكلوية مع معدلات الفشل الكلوي لمدة تصل إلى 30 ٪ 4. وبالمثل ، AKI بعد الجراحة القلبية يحدث في أكثر من 10 ٪ من المرضى في ظل الظروف العادية ويترافق مع زيادة كبيرة في معدل الوفيات. AKI هي أيضا المضاعفات شيوعا بعد زرع الكبد. ما لا يقل عن 8-17 ٪ من مرضى الكلى في نهاية المطاف تتطلب العلاج ببدائل 5. علاوة على ذلك ، كثيرا ما يرتبط تأخر الدالة الكسب غير المشروع بسبب الاصابة الخلية نبيب خلال زرع الكلى لنقص تروية المرتبطة آكي 6. علاوة على ذلك ، AKI يحدث في حوالي 20 ٪ من المرضى الذين يعانون من تسمم 6. يرتبط حدوث AKI مع الزيادات الكبيرة في معدلات الاعتلال والوفيات 1. محدودة جدا النهج العلاجي وغالبية التجارب التداخلية في AKI فشلت في البشر. لذا ، هناك حاجة ماسة إلى طرائق علاجية إضافية لمنع اصابة الكلى من نقص التروية 3 ، 7-9. لتوضيح آليات إصابة الكلى نتيجة لنقص التروية والاستراتيجيات العلاجية الممكنة الفئران نماذج مطلوبة بكثافة 7-13. نماذج الماوس توفير إمكانية الاستفادة من نماذج مختلفة بما فيها الجينات الوراثية التي تستهدف أنسجة الفئران والجينات المحددة التي تستهدف الفئران (لجنة المساواة العرقية ، flox النظام). ومع ذلك ، نقص تروية الكلى الفئران يمثل تحديا تقنيا وتفاصيل تجريبية لها تأثير ملموس على النتائج. أجرينا إجراء تقييم منهجي للنموذج رواية للعزلة انسداد الشريان الكلوي في الفئران ، والتي تتجنب على وجه التحديد استخدام لقط أو خياطة في 14 عنيق الكلوي. هذا النموذج يتطلب استئصال الكلية من الكلية اليمنى منذ نقص التروية يمكن تنفيذها فقط في كلية واحدة بسبب الإعداد التجريبية. في الواقع ، وذلك باستخدام نظام التعليق الوزن ، الشريان الكلوي هو المجهزة مرة واحدة فقط طوال العملية الجراحية. بالإضافة إلى ذلك ، أي انسداد مجرى البول أو وريدي يحدث مع هذه التقنية. يمكن أن نظهر للوقت تعتمد على الجرعة وتكرار الاصابة الكلوية للغاية مع نقص التروية من خلال قياس الكرياتينين في المصل. علاوة على ذلك ، عند مقارنة هذا النموذج الجديد مع لقط التقليدية لحماية وعنيق كلها شروط مسبقة من قبل الكلوي الدماغية هي أكثر عمقا وأكثر موثوقية. لذا قد يكون أسلوبه الجديد مفيدا لغيره من الباحثين الذين يعملون في مجال إصابة الكلى الحاد.

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Use of a Hanging-weight System for Isolated Renal Artery Occlusion at JoVE.com

Use of a Hanging-weight System for Isolated Renal Artery Occlusion

نموذج دقيق لإصابة الفئران الكلى الحاد (آكي) نتيجة لنقص التروية هو أداة مهمة للتحقيق في إصابة حادة في الكلى وربما تجد الأدوات العلاجية لعلاج اصابة في الكلى. نظام الوزن معلقة يقدم أداة لفورية وموثوقة انسداد الشريان الكلوي وضخه دون التسبب في ازدحام الكلوي.

استخدام نظام تعليق الوزن المعزولة عن انسداد الشريان الكلوي

In hospitalized patients, over 50% of cases of acute kidney injury (AKI) are caused by renal ischemia 1-3. A recent study of hospitalized patients ...

use-of-a-hanging-weight-system-for-isolated-renal-artery-occlusion

Research

JoVE Journal

Medicine

15.8K Views.  University of Colorado. نموذج دقيق لإصابة الفئران الكلى الحاد (آكي) نتيجة لنقص التروية هو أداة مهمة للتحقيق في إصابة حادة في الكلى وربما تجد الأدوات العلاجية لعلاج اصابة في الكلى. نظام الوزن معلقة يقدم أداة لفورية وموثوقة انسداد الشريان الكلوي وضخه دون التسبب في ازدحام الكلوي.

Video: Use of a Hanging-weight System for Isolated Renal Artery Occlusion

Modeling Stroke in Mice - Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion with the Filament Model

Stroke is among the most frequent causes of death and adult disability, especially in highly developed countries. However, treatment options to date are very limited. To meet the need for novel therapeutic approaches, experimental stroke research frequently employs rodent models of focal cerebral ischaemia. Most researchers use permanent or transient occlusion of the middle cerebral artery (MCA) in mice or rats.
Proximal occlusion of the middle cerebral artery (MCA) via the intraluminal suture technique (so called filament or suture model) is probably the most frequently used model in experimental stroke research. The intraluminal MCAO model offers the advantage of inducing reproducible transient or permanent ischaemia of the MCA territory in a relatively non-invasive manner. Intraluminal approaches interrupt the blood flow of the entire territory of this artery. Filament occlusion thus arrests flow proximal to the lenticulo-striate arteries, which supply the basal ganglia. Filament occlusion of the MCA results in reproducible lesions in the cortex and striatum and can be either permanent or transient. In contrast, models inducing distal (to the branching of the lenticulo-striate arteries) MCA occlusion typically spare the striatum and primarily involve the neocortex. In addition these models do require craniectomy. In the model demonstrated in this article, a silicon coated filament is introduced into the common carotid artery and advanced along the internal carotid artery into the Circle of Willis, where it blocks the origin of the middle cerebral artery. In patients, occlusions of the middle cerebral artery are among the most common causes of ischaemic stroke. Since varying ischemic intervals can be chosen freely in this model depending on the time point of reperfusion, ischaemic lesions with varying degrees of severity can be produced. Reperfusion by removal of the occluding filament at least partially models the restoration of blood flow after spontaneous or therapeutic (tPA) lysis of a thromboembolic clot in humans.
In this video we will present the basic technique as well as the major pitfalls and confounders which may limit the predictive value of this model.

Filamentous occlusion of the Middle cerebral artery is a common model for studying ischemic stroke in mice.

السكتة الدماغية النمذجة في الفئران -- الشرق انسداد الشريان الدماغي مع نموذج الشعيرة

Stroke is among the most frequent causes of death and adult disability, especially in highly developed countries. However, treatment options to date are ...

Use of a Hanging Weight System for Coronary Artery Occlusion in Mice

Murine studies of acute injury are an area of intense investigation, as knockout mice for different genes are becoming increasingly available 1-38. Cardioprotection by ischemic preconditioning (IP) remains an area of intense investigation. To further elucidate its molecular basis, the use of knockout mouse studies is particularly important 7, 14, 30, 39. Despite the fact that previous studies have already successfully performed cardiac ischemia and reperfusion in mice, this model is technically very challenging. Particularly, visual identification of the coronary artery, placement of the suture around the vessel and coronary occlusion by tying off the vessel with a supported knot is technically difficult. In addition, re-opening the knot for intermittent reperfusion of the coronary artery during IP without causing surgical trauma adds additional challenge. Moreover, if the knot is not tied down strong enough, inadvertent reperfusion due to imperfect occlusion of the coronary may affect the results. In fact, this can easily occur due to the movement of the beating heart.
Based on potential problems associated with using a knotted coronary occlusion system, we adopted a previously published model of chronic cardiomyopathy based on a hanging weight system for intermittent coronary artery occlusion during IP 39. In fact, coronary artery occlusion can thus be achieved without having to occlude the coronary by a knot. Moreover, reperfusion of the vessel can be easily achieved by supporting the hanging weights which are in a remote localization from cardiac tissues.
We tested this system systematically, including variation of ischemia and reperfusion times, preconditioning regiments, body temperature and genetic backgrounds39. In addition to infarct staining, we tested cardiac troponin I (cTnI)
as a marker of myocardial infarction in this model. In fact, plasma levels of cTnI correlated with infarct sizes (R2=0.8). Finally, we could show in several studies that this technique yields highly reproducible infarct sizes during murine IP and myocardial infarction6, 8, 30, 40, 41. Therefore, this technique may be helpful for researchers who pursue molecular mechanisms involved in cardioprotection by IP using a genetic approach in mice with targeted gene deletion. Further studies on cardiac IP using transgenic mice may consider this technique.

A murine model for myocardial ischemia and ischemic preconditioning is an important tool study cardioprotective mechanisms in vivo. Here, we report an easy applicable in situ model for cardiac IP using a hanging-weight system for coronary artery occlusion.

استخدام نظام وزن المعلقة لانسداد الشريان التاجي في الفئران

Murine studies of acute injury are an area of intense investigation, as knockout mice for different genes are becoming increasingly available 1-38. ...

Use of a Hanging-weight System for Liver Ischemia in Mice

Acute liver injury due to ischemia can occur during several clinical procedures e.g. liver transplantation, hepatic tumor resection or trauma repair and can result in liver failure which has a high mortality rate1-2. Therefore murine studies of hepatic ischemia have become an important field of research by providing the opportunity to utilize pharmacological and genetic studies3-9. Specifically, conditional mice with tissue specific deletion of a gene (cre, flox system) provide insights into the role of proteins in particular tissues10-13 . Because of the technical difficulty associated with manually clamping the portal triad in mice, we performed a systematic evaluation using a hanging-weight system for portal triad occlusion which has been previously described3. By using a hanging-weight system we place a suture around the left branch of the portal triad without causing any damage to the hepatic lobes, since also the finest clamps available can cause hepatic tissue damage because of the close location of liver tissue to the vessels. Furthermore, the right branch of the hepatic triad is still perfused thus no intestinal congestion occurs with this technique as blood flow to the right hepatic lobes is preserved. Furthermore, the portal triad is only manipulated once throughout the entire surgical procedure. As a result, procedures like pre-conditioning, with short times of ischemia and reperfusion, can be easily performed. Systematic evaluation of this model by performing different ischemia and reperfusion times revealed a close correlation of hepatic ischemia time with liver damage as measured by alanine (ALT) and aspartate (AST) aminotransferase serum levels3,9. Taken together, these studies confirm highly reproducible liver injury when using the hanging-weight system for hepatic ischemia and intermittent reperfusion. Thus, this technique might be useful for other investigators interested in liver ischemia studies in mice. Therefore the video clip provides a detailed step-by-step description of this technique.

We established a novel murine model of a hanging weight system for portal triad occlusion. This technique may be useful for future investigations of ischemia in murine hepatic models.

استخدام نظام اعدام الوزن لالإسكيمية الكبد في الفئران

Acute liver injury due to ischemia can occur during several clinical procedures e.g. liver transplantation, hepatic tumor resection or trauma repair and ...

Mouse Model of Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion

Stroke is the most common fatal neurological disease in the United States 1. The majority of strokes (88%) result from blockage of blood vessels in the brain (ischemic stroke) 2. Since most ischemic strokes (~80%) occur in the territory of middle cerebral artery (MCA) 3, many animal stroke models that have been developed have focused on this artery. The intraluminal monofilament model of middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) involves the insertion of a surgical filament into the external carotid artery and threading it forward into the internal carotid artery (ICA) until the tip occludes the origin of the MCA, resulting in a cessation of blood flow and subsequent brain infarction in the MCA territory 4. The technique can be used to model permanent or transient occlusion 5. If the suture is removed after a certain interval (30 min, 1 h, or 2 h), reperfusion is achieved (transient MCAO); if the filament is left in place (24 h) the procedure is suitable as a model of permanent MCAO. This technique does not require craniectomy, a neurosurgical procedure to remove a portion of skull, which may affect intracranial pressure and temperature 6. It has become the most frequently used method to mimic permanent and transient focal cerebral ischemia in rats and mice 7,8. To evaluate the extent of cerebral infarction, we stain brain slices with 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride (TTC) to identify ischemic brain tissue 9. In this video, we demonstrate the MCAO method and the determination of infarct size by TTC staining.

We demonstrate in the video a method for producing a middle cerebral artery occlusion in adult mice using an intraluminal monofilament. We also show how to evaluate the extent of cerebral infarction by 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride (TTC) staining.

نموذج الفأر من انسداد الشريان الدماغي الأوسط

Stroke is the most common fatal neurological disease in the United States 1. The majority of strokes (88%) result from blockage of blood vessels in the ...

Utilizing a Cranial Window to Visualize the Middle Cerebral Artery During Endothelin-1 Induced Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion

Creation of a cranial window is a method that allows direct visualization of structures on the cortical surface of the brain1-3. This technique can be performed in many locations overlying the rat cerebrum, but is most easily carried out by creating a craniectomy over the readily accessible frontal or parietal bones. Most frequently, we have used this technique in combination with the endothelin-1 middle cerebral artery occlusion model of ischemic stroke to quantify the changes in middle cerebral artery vessel diameter that occur with injection of endothelin-1 into the brain parenchyma adjacent to the proximal MCA4, 5. In order to visualize the proximal portion of the MCA during endothelin -1 induced MCAO, we use a technique to create a cranial window through the temporal bone on the lateral aspect of the rat skull (Figure 1). Cerebral arteries can be visualized either with the dura intact or with the dura incised and retracted. Most commonly, we leave the dura intact during visualization since endothelin-1 induced MCAO involves delivery of the vasoconstricting peptide into the brain parenchyma. This bypasses the need to incise the dura directly over the visualized vessels for drug delivery. This protocol will describe how to create a cranial window to visualize cerebral arteries in a step-wise fashion, as well as how to avoid many of the potential pitfalls pertaining to this method.

This article describes a method for visualizing rat cerebral arteries through a cranial window using temporal craniectomy in order to view proximal portions of the middle cerebral artery (Figure 1). This versatile method can be combined with various techniques of drug delivery to measure cerebral artery reactivity in vivo.

الاستفادة من وجود نافذة القحف لتصور الشريان الدماغي الأوسط خلال Endothelin-1 انسداد الشريان الدماغي الأوسط المستحثة

Creation of a cranial window is a method that allows direct visualization of structures on the cortical surface of the brain1-3. This technique can be ...

Optimized System for Cerebral Perfusion Monitoring in the Rat Stroke Model of Intraluminal Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion

The translational potential of pre-clinical stroke research depends on the accuracy of experimental modeling. Cerebral perfusion monitoring in animal models of acute ischemic stroke allows to confirm successful arterial occlusion and exclude subarachnoid hemorrhage. Cerebral perfusion monitoring can also be used to study intracranial collateral circulation, which is emerging as a powerful determinant of stroke outcome and a possible therapeutic target. Despite a recognized role of Laser Doppler perfusion monitoring as part of the current guidelines for experimental cerebral ischemia, a number of technical difficulties exist that limit its widespread use. One of the major issues is obtaining a secure and prolonged attachment of a deep-penetration Laser Doppler probe to the animal skull. In this video, we show our optimized system for cerebral perfusion monitoring during transient middle cerebral artery occlusion by intraluminal filament in the rat. We developed in-house a simple method to obtain a custom made holder for twin-fibre (deep-penetration) Laser Doppler probes, which allow multi-site monitoring if needed. A continuous and prolonged monitoring of cerebral perfusion could easily be obtained over the intact skull.

Cerebral perfusion monitoring has been demonstrated to improve accuracy in ischemic stroke models. Technical difficulties often limit the use of this essential tool for cerebrovascular research. In this video, an optimized system is shown to obtain a single or multi-site hemodynamic monitoring during intraluminal middle cerebral artery occlusion in rats.

الأمثل نظام لرصد الإرواء الدماغي في نموذج الفئران من السكتة الدماغية داخل اللمعة انسداد الشريان الدماغي الأوسط

The translational potential of pre-clinical stroke research depends on the accuracy of experimental modeling. Cerebral perfusion monitoring in animal ...

An Isolated Working Heart System for Large Animal Models

Since its introduction in the late 19th century, the Langendorff isolated heart perfusion apparatus, and the subsequent development of the working heart model, have been invaluable tools for studying cardiovascular function and disease1-15. Although the Langendorff heart preparation can be used for any mammalian heart, most studies involving this apparatus use small animal models (e.g., mouse, rat, and rabbit) due to the increased complexity of systems for larger mammals1,3,11. One major difficulty is ensuring a constant coronary perfusion pressure over a range of different heart sizes &#8211; a key component of any experiment utilizing this device1,11. By replacing the classic hydrostatic afterload column with a centrifugal pump, the Langendorff working heart apparatus described below allows for easy adjustment and tight regulation of perfusion pressures, meaning the same set-up can be used for various species or heart sizes. Furthermore, this configuration can also seamlessly switch between constant pressure or constant flow during reperfusion, depending on the user&#8217;s preferences. The open nature of this setup, despite making temperature regulation more difficult than other designs, allows for easy collection of effluent and ventricular pressure-volume data.

Most studies involving the Langendorff apparatus use small animal models due to the increased complexity of systems for larger mammals. We describe a Langendorff system for large animal models that allows for use across a range of species, including humans, and relatively easy data acquisition.

نظام القلب العامل المعزولة لنماذج حيوانية كبيرة

Since its introduction in the late 19th century, the Langendorff isolated heart perfusion apparatus, and the subsequent development of the working heart ...

Surgical Approach for Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion and Reperfusion Induced Stroke in Mice

Stroke is a leading cause of death worldwide and continues to be one of the major causes of long-term adult disabilities. About 87% of strokes are ischemic in origin and occur in the territory of the middle cerebral artery (MCA). Currently the only Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved drug for the treatment of this devastating disease is tissue plasminogen activator (tPA). However, tPA has a small therapeutic window for administration (3 - 6 hr), and is only effective in 4% of the patients who actually receive it. Current research focuses on understanding the pathophysiology of stroke in order to find potential therapeutic targets. Thus, reliable models are crucial, and the MCA occlusion (MCAo) model (also termed the intraluminal filament or suture model) is deemed to be the most clinically relevant surgical model of ischemic stroke, and is fairly non-invasive and easily reproducible. Typically the MCAo model is used with rodents, especially with mice due to all the genetic variations available for this species. Here we describe (and present in the video) how to successfully perform the MCAo model (with reperfusion) in mice to generate reliable and reproducible data.

In order to understand the pathophysiology of stroke, it is important to use reliable models. This paper will describe one of the most frequently used stroke models in mice, termed the middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAo) model (also termed the intraluminal filament or suture model) with reperfusion.

نهج الجراحي لانسداد الشريان الدماغي الأوسط وضخه المستحثة السكتة الدماغية في الفئران

Stroke is a leading cause of death worldwide and continues to be one of the major causes of long-term adult disabilities. About 87% of strokes are ...

Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion Allowing Reperfusion via Common Carotid Artery Repair in Mice

The ischemic stroke is a major cause of adult long-term disability and death worldwide. The current treatments available are limited, with only tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) as an approved drug treatment to target ischemic strokes. Current research in the field of ischemic stroke focuses on better understanding the pathophysiology of stroke, to develop and investigate novel pharmaceutical targets. Reliable experimental stroke models are crucial for the progression of potential treatments. The middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) model is clinically relevant and the most frequently used surgical model of ischemic stroke in rodents. However, the outcomes of this model, such as lesion volume, are associated with high levels of variability, particularly in mice. The alternative MCAO model described here allows the reperfusion of the common carotid artery (CCA) and the increased perfusion of the middle cerebral artery (MCA) territory, using a tissue pad with fibrinogen-based sealant to repair the vessel, and the improved welfare of the mice by avoiding external carotid artery (ECA) ligation. This reduces the reliance on the Circle of Willis, which is known to be highly anatomically variable in mice. Representative data show that using this alternative surgical approach decreases the variability in lesion volumes between the traditional MCAO approach and the alternative approach described here.

Intraluminal filament occlusion of the middle cerebral artery is the most frequently used in vivo model of experimental stroke in rodents. An alternative surgical approach to allow common carotid artery repair is performed here, which allows the reperfusion of the common carotid artery and a full reperfusion to the middle cerebral artery territory.

انسداد الشريان الدماغي الأوسط السماح ضخه عبر إصلاح الشريان السباتي المشترك في الفئران

The ischemic stroke is a major cause of adult long-term disability and death worldwide. The current treatments available are limited, with only tissue ...

A Modified Two Kidney One Clip Mouse Model of Renin Regulation in Renal Artery Stenosis

Renal artery stenosis is a common condition in patients with coronary or peripheral vascular disease where the renin angiotensin aldosterone system (RAAS) is overactivated. In this context, there is a narrowing of the renal arteries that stimulate an increase in the expression and release of renin, the rate-limiting protease in RAAS. The resulting rise in renin expression is a known driver of renovascular hypertension, frequently associated with kidney injury and end organ damage. Thus, there is a great interest in developing novel treatments for this condition. The molecular and cellular mechanism of renin control in renal artery stenosis is not fully understood and warrants further investigation. To induce renal artery stenosis in mice, a modified 2 kidney 1 clip (2K1C) Goldblatt mouse model was developed. The right kidney was stenosed in wild type mice and sham operated mice were used as control. After renal artery stenosis, we determined renin expression and kidney injury. Kidneys were harvested, and fresh cortices were used to determine protein and mRNA expression of renin. This animal model is reproducible and can be used to study pathophysiological responses, molecular and cellular pathways involved in renovascular hypertension and kidney injury.

A modified 2 kidney 1 clip (2K1C) Goldblatt mouse model was developed using polyurethane tubing to initiate renal artery stenosis, inducing an increase in renin expression and kidney injury. Here, we describe a detailed procedure of preparing and placing the cuff onto the renal artery to generate a reproducible and consistent 2K1C mouse model.

نموذج فأر مصاب واحد من الكلى المعدل لتنظيم الرينين في تضيق الشريان الكلوي

Renal artery stenosis is a common condition in patients with coronary or peripheral vascular disease where the renin angiotensin aldosterone system (RAAS) ...