Chapter 7
DNA（脱氧核糖核酸）修复和重组
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DNA 修复概述
In order to be passed through generations, genomic DNA must be undamaged and error-free. However, every day, DNA in a cell undergoes several thousand to a ...
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基底切除修复
One of the common DNA damages is the chemical alteration of single bases by alkylation, oxidation, or deamination. The altered bases cause mispairing and ...
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长补片基底切除修复
Since the discovery of the two BER pathways, there has been a debate about how a cell chooses one pathway over the other and the factors determining this ...
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核苷酸切除修复
Overview
Exposure to mutagens can damage DNA and result in bulky lesions that distort the double-helix structure or impede proper transcription. Damaged ...
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Translesion DNA 聚合酶
Translesion (TLS) polymerases rescue stalled DNA polymerases at sites of damaged bases by replacing the replicative polymerase and installing a nucleotide ...
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修复双股断裂
The double-stranded structure of DNA has two major advantages. First, it serves as a safe repository of genetic information where one strand serves as the ...
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DNA 损伤会阻碍细胞周期
In response to DNA damage, cells can pause the cell cycle to assess and repair the breaks. However, the cell must check the DNA at certain critical stages ...
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同源重组
The basic reaction of homologous recombination (HR) involves two chromatids that contain DNA sequences sharing a significant stretch of identity. One of ...
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重新启动已停止的复制分叉
DNA replication is initiated at sites containing predefined DNA sequences known as origins of replication. DNA is unwound at these sites by the ...
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基因转换
Other than maintaining genome stability via DNA repair, homologous recombination plays an important role in diversifying the genome. In fact, the ...
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转座和重组概述
Transposons make up a significant part of genomes of various organisms. Therefore, it is believed that transposition played a major evolutionary role in ...
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仅 DNA 转座子
DNA-only transposons are called autonomous transposons since they code for the enzyme transposase that is required for the transposition mechanism. ...
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逆转录病毒
Retroviruses and retrotransposons both insert copies of their genetic elements into the genome of the host cell. Thus, the viral genes are passed on when ...
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LTR 反转录转座子
LTR retrotransposons are class I transposable elements with long terminal repeats flanking an internal coding region. These elements are less abundant in ...
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非 LTR 反转录转座子
As the name suggests, non-LTR retrotransposons lack the long terminal repeats characteristic of the LTR retrotransposons. Additionally, both LTR and ...
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保守的位点特异性复合和相变
Because the DNA segments are cut and reorganized in a direction-specific manner, site-specific recombination has emerged as an efficient genetic ...
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