JoVE Science Education > DNA修復と組換え

第７章

DNA修復と組換え

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In order to be passed through generations, genomic DNA must be undamaged and error-free. However, every day, DNA in a cell undergoes several thousand to a ...

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ベースエクスキシジョンリペア

One of the common DNA damages is the chemical alteration of single bases by alkylation, oxidation, or deamination. The altered bases cause mispairing and ...

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ロングパッチベース切除修理

Since the discovery of the two BER pathways, there has been a debate about how a cell chooses one pathway over the other and the factors determining this ...

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ヌクレオチド除去修復

Overview Exposure to mutagens can damage DNA and result in bulky lesions that distort the double-helix structure or impede proper transcription. Damaged ...

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病変間DNAポリメラーゼ

Translesion (TLS) polymerases rescue stalled DNA polymerases at sites of damaged bases by replacing the replicative polymerase and installing a nucleotide ...

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2本鎖断線の修正

The double-stranded structure of DNA has two major advantages. First, it serves as a safe repository of genetic information where one strand serves as the ...

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DNA損傷は細胞周期を失速させる可能性があります

In response to DNA damage, cells can pause the cell cycle to assess and repair the breaks. However, the cell must check the DNA at certain critical stages ...

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相同組換え

The basic reaction of homologous recombination (HR) involves two chromatids that contain DNA sequences sharing a significant stretch of identity. One of ...

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停止したレプリケーション・フォークの再起動

DNA replication is initiated at sites containing predefined DNA sequences known as origins of replication. DNA is unwound at these sites by the ...

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遺伝子変換

Other than maintaining genome stability via DNA repair, homologous recombination plays an important role in diversifying the genome. In fact, the ...

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転置と組換えの概要

Transposons make up a significant part of genomes of various organisms. Therefore, it is believed that transposition played a major evolutionary role in ...

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DNAのみのトランスポゾン

DNA-only transposons are called autonomous transposons since they code for the enzyme transposase that is required for the transposition mechanism. ...

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レトロウイルス

Retroviruses and retrotransposons both insert copies of their genetic elements into the genome of the host cell. Thus, the viral genes are passed on when ...

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LTRレトロトランスポゾン

LTR retrotransposons are class I transposable elements with long terminal repeats flanking an internal coding region. These elements are less abundant in ...

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非LTRレトロトランスポゾン

As the name suggests, non-LTR retrotransposons lack the long terminal repeats characteristic of the LTR retrotransposons. Additionally, both LTR and ...

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保存的部位特異的組換えおよび位相変動

Because the DNA segments are cut and reorganized in a direction-specific manner, site-specific recombination has emerged as an efficient genetic ...