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Method Article
支配CD4效应T细胞的间质动力在炎症部位的机制比较陌生。我们提出了一种非侵入性的方式来可视化和体外 -primed CD4T细胞操纵在发炎耳朵真皮,允许这些细胞在原位的动态行为的研究。
CD4 + T细胞进行的效应子功能的能力取决于通过一个尚未未定义机制这些细胞在发炎外周组织的迅速和有效的迁移。多光子显微镜对免疫系统的研究中的应用提供了测量的完整组织内的免疫应答的动力学的工具。这里,我们提出在发炎的小鼠耳真皮的CD4 T细胞的非侵入性活体多光子成像的协议。使用定制成像平台和静脉导管允许的CD4 T细胞动力学在真皮间质的可视化,通过加入阻断抗体中涉及能动性关键分子组分来询问这些细胞中的实时的能力。该系统提供了在体外模型和微创手术成像程序既有优势。了解的CD4 T细胞的活力所使用的途径,最终可能提供洞察到基CD4 + T细胞的C函数以及自身免疫性疾病的慢性感染的发病机制和病理。
The effector function of CD4 T cells is critically dependent on their ability to rapidly enter and traverse a wide variety of peripheral tissues to survey for damage, locate foci of infection, or cause pathology from chronic infection or autoimmunity. While the processes of homing to inflamed sites1-4 and extravasation5-7 from the vasculature into tissues have been well-characterized, the factors that drive and regulate the interstitial motility of T cells remain undefined. The migration of T cells in complex 3D environments has been studied in vitro through the use of artificial matrices8-10 or microfluidic devices11,12, but these fail to recapitulate the complex and dynamic environment of an in vivo system. It is only recently, with the advent of high-resolution multi-color intravital imaging that it has become possible to study the dynamic behavior of immune cells in situ, allowing for a better understanding of intact immune responses.
Over a decade ago, several influential studies were published that first utilized multiphoton microscopy to address immunological questions. Early studies focused on the behavior of immune cells within explanted lymphoid organs13-16, which were soon followed by techniques to image exposed lymph nodes in anesthetized mice17. Imaging allowed for new fundamental observations about the stages of lymph node priming of T cells18, the mechanisms by which T cells migrate in secondary lymphoid organs19, T cell interactions with other immune cells20,21, and dynamic T cell positioning within the lymph node22. Although many early studies focused on lymph node dynamics, intravital imaging has been since been utilized to image the immune response in many peripheral tissues, including the brain23-25, liver26, lung27, and skin28-30.
The mouse ear dermis is particularly well poised for imaging, due to the thinness of ear skin, a relative lack of hair, and the ease with which it can be isolated from respiratory movements31. Indeed, the ear dermis has been used to image the interstitial behavior of dendritic cells32,33, T cells28,29,34,35, and neutrophils36,37, and is a well-established site for studying dermal inflammation. Increasingly, non-invasive procedures have been replacing surgical preparations of the skin, including split dermis38,39, flank39,40, or dorsal skin flap window39,41 models, that can induce changes to the local inflammatory milieu. The use of transferred, in vitro-primed, antigen-specific CD4 effector T cells allows for the study of a homogenous population of cells in the context of a dermal inflammatory response30. Here we describe a non-invasive imaging procedure that allows for the visualization of antigen-specific effector CD4 T cells in the dermal interstitium of the inflamed mouse ear, and the ability to manipulate these cells in real-time by introducing blocking antibodies through a venous catheter. We show that this model is effective for tracking the movement of CD4 T cells in the dermis and for querying the mechanisms that govern this motility.
所有涉及小鼠的程序是由罗切斯特大学的机构动物护理和使用委员会批准,并严格按照动物福利法和人文关怀和实验动物的使用公共卫生服务政策由国家机构管理的实施卫生,实验室动物福利办公室。
1.效应CD4 + T细胞的制备
注:特异性识别从鸡蛋卵清蛋白(:ISQAVHAAHAEINEAGR POVA)肽BALB / c小鼠TCR转基因小鼠DO11.10。其他TCR转基因系统可以被取代,使用适当的同源肽代替POVA的指示的位置。
2.细胞转移和炎症的诱导
注意:对于用于成像的最佳细胞数,5×10 6荧光标记的Th1细胞应在200μlPBS中的总体积转移至各小鼠。细胞在这里被标以绿色染料CFSE或近红染料CMTMR,尽管其它细胞追踪染料都可以使用。 CFSE和CMTMR标记的细胞可被共转移,以允许两个不同的效应子CD4 +群体的跟踪。
3.准备鼠标成像
4. 体内成像定时和静脉给予抗体
注:此协议要求使用装有钛多光子显微镜:萨激光系统。所使用的目标是25倍放大倍率镜头,1.05 NA,与对象贴IVE加热器设为40℃。此加热器的最适温度凭经验确定为适当的温度,以保持耳真皮,在37℃,并可能需要调整用于其它成像系统一起使用。用于可能的仪器和调整到协议之间变化采集软件可能必须进行的工作的不同的配置的系统。确保图像可以被保存在一个格式与任何所需的分析软件兼容。
研究原位免疫反应,而不改变免疫环境的能力是研究与发炎组织T效应细胞的实时交互必需的。由这个协议中,在图1A和B中概述的完好耳真皮的成像,允许转移荧光标记的T效应细胞在皮肤间质的可视化。这允许两个高分辨率( 图1C)和延时( 图1D, 电影1)在发炎的真皮效应T细胞动力学的图片。
意义
这里,我们提出一个完整的协议为传输,抗原特异性效应Th1细胞在完整小鼠耳真皮4D可视化。此方法提供了以下几个原因一些当前成像模式的优点。通过成像腹耳真皮,我们能够放弃所需的涉及其他部位皮肤成像方案脱毛。虽然脱毛剂通常是温和的,它们已被证明导致破坏皮肤屏障42,这个过程可以刺激免疫应答43,44。还通过避免侵入外科手术以暴...
作者什么都没有透露。
作者感谢罗切斯特多光子显微镜核心设施的大学与实时成像帮助。支持NIH AI072690和AI02851到DJF; AI114036以股份公司和AI089079到MGO。
Name | Company | Catalog Number | Comments |
BALB/c mice | Jackson Laboratories | 000651 | Mice used were bred in-house |
DO11.10 mice | Jackson Laboratories | 003303 | Mice used were bred in-house |
HBSS | Fisher | 10-013-CV | Multiple Equivalent |
Newborn Calf Serum (NCS) | Thermo/HyClone | SH30118.03 | Heat inactivated at 56 °C for 30 minutes |
Guinea Pig Complement | Cedarlane | CL-5000 | |
anti-CD8 antibody | ATCC | 3.155 (ATCC TIB-211) | Antibodies derived from this hybridoma |
anti-MHC Class II antibody | ATCC | M5/114.15.2 (ATCC TIB-120) | Antibodies derived from this hybridoma |
anti-CD24 antibody | ATCC | J11d.2 (ATCC TIB-183) | Antibodies derived from this hybridoma |
anti-Thy1.2 antibody | ATCC | J1j.10 (ATCC TIB-184) | Antibodies derived from this hybridoma |
Ficoll (Fico/Lite-LM) | Atlanta Biologicals | I40650 | |
PBS | Fisher | 21-040-CV | Multiple Equivalent |
EDTA | Fisher | 15323591 | |
biotinylated anti-CD62L antibody (clone MEL-14) | BD | 553149 | |
streptavidin magnetic separation beads | Miltenyi | 130-048-101 | |
MACS LS Separation Column | Miltenyi | 130-042-401 | |
recombinant human IL-2 | Peprotech | 200-02 | |
recombinant mouse IL-4 | Peprotech | 214-14 | |
recombinant mouse IL-12 | Peprotech | 210-12 | |
anti-IFNg antibody (clone XMG 1.2) | eBioscience | 16-7311-85 | |
anti-IL-4 antibody (clone 11b11) | eBioscience | 16-7041-85 | |
RPMI | VWR | 45000-412 | |
Penicillin/Streptomycin | Fisher | 15303641 | |
L-glutamine | Fisher | 15323671 | |
2-mercaptoethanol | Bio-Rad | 161-0710 | |
ovalbumin peptide | Biopeptide | ISQAVHAAHAEINEAGR-OH peptide | |
Fetal Calf Serum (FCS) | Thermo/HyClone | SV30014.03 | Heat inactivated at 56 °C for 30 minutes |
24-well culture plate | LPS | 3526 | Multiple Equivalent |
CFSE | Life Technologies | C34554 | |
CMTMR | Life Technologies | C2927 | |
28 G1/2 insulin syringes, 1ml | BD | 329420 | |
28 G1/2 insulin syringes, 300μl | BD | 309301 | |
27 G1/2 TB syringes, 1ml | BD | 309623 | |
30 G1/2 needles | BD | 305106 | |
PE-10 medical tubing | BD | 427400 | |
cyanoacrylate veterinary adhesive (Vetbond) | 3M | 1469SB | |
heating plate | WPI | 61830 | |
Heating plate controller | WPI | ATC-2000 | |
Water blanket controller | Gaymar | TP500 | No longer in production, newer equivalent available |
water blanket | Kent Scientific | TP3E | |
Isoflurane vaporizer | LEI Medical | Isotec 4 | No longer in production, newer equivalent available |
isoflurane | Henry Schein | Ordered through Veterinary staff | |
microcentrifuge tubes | VWR | 20170-038 | Multiple Equivalent |
medical tape | 3M | 1538-0 | |
isoflurane nosecone | Built In-house, see Fig 2 | ||
imaging platform | Built In-house, see Fig 2 | ||
curved forceps | WPI | 15915-G | Multiple Equivalent |
scissors | Roboz | RS-6802 | Multiple Equivalent |
glass coverslips | VWR | Multiple Equivalent | |
high vacuum grease | Fisher | 146355D | |
cotton swabs | Multiple Equivalent | ||
delicate task wipes | Fisher | 34155 | Multiple Equivalent |
Olympus Fluoview 1000 AOM-MPM upright microscope with Spectra-Physics MaiTai HP DeepSee Ti:Sa laser | Olympus | call for quote | |
optical table with vibration control | Newport | call for quote | |
25x NA 1.05 water immersion objective for multiphoton imaging | Olympus | XLPLN25XWMP2 | |
objective heater | Bioptechs | PN 150815 | |
Detection filter cube | Olympus | FV10-MRVGR/XR | Proprietary cube, can be approximated from individual filters/dichroics |
anti-integrin β1 antibody (clone hMb1-1) | eBioscience | 16-0291-85 | Azide free, low endotoxin |
anti-integrin β3 antibody (clone 2C9.G3) | eBioscience | 16-0611-82 | Azide free, low endotoxin |
Texas Red Dextran (70,000 MW) | Life Technologies | D-1830 |
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