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Method Article
Perineural invasion (PNI) is a common feature of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC), conferring lower survival rates. Its mechanisms are poorly understood. Utilizing neurites generated from murine dorsal root ganglia confined to a semisolid matrix, the pathways involved in the PNI of HNSCC cell lines can be investigated.
Perineural invasion (PNI) is found in approximately 40% of head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCC). Despite multimodal treatment with surgery, radiation, and chemotherapy, locoregional recurrences and distant metastases occur at higher rates, and overall survival is decreased by 40% compared to HNSCC without PNI. In vitro studies of the pathways involved in HNSCC PNI have historically been challenging given the lack of a consistent, reproducible assay. Described here is the adaptation of the dorsal root ganglion (DRG) assay for the examination of PNI in HNSCC. In this model, DRG are harvested from the spinal column of a sacrificed nude mouse and placed within a semisolid matrix. Over the subsequent days, neurites are generated and grow in a radial pattern from the cell bodies of the DRG. HNSCC cell lines are then placed peripherally around the matrix and invade preferentially along the neurites toward the DRG. This method allows for rapid evaluation of multiple treatment conditions, with very high assay success rates and reproducibility.
Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is the sixth most common cancer in the US, with 10,000 deaths per year nationally and 300,000 deaths per year worldwide1. The overall prognosis for HNSCC has remained unchanged at 50% for the past several decades. Perineural invasion (PNI) is one of the most prominent pathological features that portend a poor prognosis in patients with HNSCC. Unfortunately, PNI is a frequent occurrence in HNSCC and can be found in up to 40% of HNSCC patients2,3.
PNI is the process by which malignant cells track along nerves to adjacent tissues, allowing for higher rates of local and distant spread. Accordingly, PNI-positive HNSCC tumors have higher rates of locoregional recurrences and distant metastases, resulting in lower overall survival compared to HNSCC patients without PNI4-8.
Although the treatment of patients with PNI is typically maximized by employing surgery, radiation, and chemotherapy, the overall survival rates of these patients are still decreased by up to 40% compared to patients without PNI9-11. Thus, it is clear that the current treatment modalities for HNSCC are ineffective in improving the adverse prognosis associated with PNI. The approach of developing targeted therapy against PNI in HNSCC has been hindered by the poor understanding of the factors that regulate this process. This is, in part, a consequence of the lack of a consistent in vitro model for the study of PNI in HNSCC.
In recent years, several groups have been utilizing an in vitro model for studying PNI in predominantly pancreatic and prostate cancers12-19. This model uses the neurites generated from dorsal root ganglia isolated from mice or rats as a surrogate for large-nerve invasion. The dorsal root ganglia are fixed in a factor-depleted semisolid matrix, which is a solubilized basement membrane protein mixture secreted by Engelbreth-Holm-Swarm mouse sarcoma cells. This matrix allows for the outgrowth of the neurites and the tracking of single cancer cells along these neurites. Described here is the adaption of this model for the examination of PNI in HNSCC.
1.培养基的制备和食品(10分钟)
2.鼠DRG的夹层(45分钟)
3.半固态基质液滴制备(<每平板1分钟)
4.插入DRG成半固体基质液滴(<每盘2分钟)
5.制备头颈癌细胞
注:比头和颈部鳞状细胞癌细胞的其它细胞系可以在这个实验设计中使用。
6.电镀头和N埃克癌细胞
背根神经节的解剖和基质液滴中放置后,测定的外观应该类似于图1。注意,在DRG不完全是圆的,但它是在基质液滴内居中。这允许在360度突起的生长,在图2中部分示出。请注意,DRG的某些部位发出的神经突更快,数量更多比别人,通常对应到传出和传入神经分支进入和退出的DRG,分别为。我们考虑到这一点,并为病种之间大小的差异通过随机电?...
该议定书中的关键步骤
该协议中最重要的步骤是精确的解剖和背根神经节的提取。脊柱和中线纵分工合理横切为两半刺都获得大量的DRG的关键。在按病种付费个人的解剖,神经节不能直接处理,而是周围筋膜应与微观镊子来把握。不这样做将导致DRG,这很可能失败的主要原因为神经突长出的挤压伤。这是再好不过的解剖过程中欠修剪周围的神经组织,而不是过?...
The authors have no competing financial interests.
This work was supported in whole by funding from the NIH through the R21 grant, "Mechanisms of Perineural Invasion in Head and Neck Cancer" and the NCI T32 training grant, "Post-Doctoral Research Training in Head and Neck Oncology (2T32CA060397-21)." Thank you to Richard Steiman, MD, PhD and lab staff.
Name | Company | Catalog Number | Comments |
DMEM/F-12 50/50 Mix with L-glutamine & 15 mM HEPES | Corning Cellgro | 10-090-CV | Manassas, VA |
Fetal bovine serum | Atlanta biologicals | S11150 | Flowery Branch, GA |
0.25% Trypsin-EDTA (1x) | Life Technologies Corporation | 25200056 | Grand Island, NY |
Phosphate buffered Saline 1x | Corning | 21-040-CM | Manassas, VA |
Matrigel hESC-Qualif Mouse | Corning Incorporated | 354277 | Bedford, MA |
Gamma Irradiated 35 mm glass bottom culture dishes | MatTek Corporation | P35G-1.5-14-C | Ashland, MA |
SteREO Discovery.V8 Operating Microscope | Carl Zeiss Microimaging | 495015-0021-000 | Thornwood, NY |
Schott ACE I light source | Schott | A20500 | Germany |
CellTracker | Life Technologies Corporation | C2925 | Carlsbad, CA |
BD PrecisionGlide Needle 18 G and 21 G | BD | 305195 | Franklin Lakes, NJ |
Premium Microdissecting Tweezer | Harvard Apparatus | 60-3851 | Holliston, MA |
Premium Fine Operating Standard Scissors | Harvard Apparatus | 52-2789 | Holliston, MA |
Premium Spring Scissors | Harvard Apparatus | 60-3923 | Holliston, MA |
Dressing Forceps | Harvard Apparatus | 72-8949 | Holliston, MA |
Athymic nude mice (002019) | Jackson Laboratory | 002019 | Bar Harbor, ME |
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