这项研究是支持的，根据澳大利亚研究理事会的发现研究项目资助计划（项目编号DP120103942）。 BTK和AA的收件人澳大利亚研究理事会未来的团契（FT0991895）和澳大利亚的研究奖学金（DP1093789）。

概观的复合物的铟/ PMMA光纤（ 图3）产生通过绘制一个堆栈包括一个单一的铟线（ 图2），它本身也需要被从可用的PMMA管和电线制备的PMMA纤维。这些步骤是： <ol class="ualpha"><li>主要生产聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯纤维，包含一个单一的铟金属丝的直径适当的手动堆叠。对于这一点，首先准备一个PMMA管，可容纳1毫米的的铟线（第1节），包括铟，并绘制所需要的尺寸（第2节）。 </li><li>栈和绘制所获得的个人铟填充PMMA光纤（第3节）到所需的大小。 </li></ol>第4和第5节详细绘图过程中使用的第2和第3。 1。制造PMMA护套管 PMMA材料的护套管用来构建1毫米铟丝是由stretching和套管标准PMMA管的主要的拉伸过程（第4节）在作最后的PMMA护套管ID 1毫米，OD 12毫米。 <ol><li>切PMMA管ID为6mm，外径为12毫米至600毫米的长度。应该准备一些PMMA管的套管过程中以备将来使用。 </li><li>退火烘箱中退火的PMMA管，在90℃下为至少5天。 </li><li>删除一个PMMA管从退火烘箱中，并让其冷却至室温。 </li><li>清洁表面的PMMA管，用异丙醇擦拭并晾干。 </li><li>将PMMA管顶部剂（ 图6），使用反光带（ 图7）。 </li><li>将PMMA管一次拉伸底部的扩展（ 图6）使用反光带（ 图8）。 </li><li>在主拉丝工艺伸展PMMA管（请参阅第4章）。请注意，没有真空所需的这个阶段。 PMMA管被拉伸外径12毫米到6毫米。 </li><li>删除的拉伸管后的拉伸塔图。 </li><li>削减到550毫米的长度拉伸管。 </li><li>重复步骤1.3和1.4。 </li><li>用热风枪加热的拉伸管的顶侧，直到该材料软化和卷曲密封用钳子的孔（ 图9）。 </li><li>插入的拉伸管PMMA管到新创建的PMMA管组件（ 图10）。如在图10中所示，以密封的拉伸管之间的间隙，和新的PMMA管PMMA管组件（ 即具有的内拉伸管开放侧），缠绕聚四氟乙烯（PTFE）的磁带的底侧。 </li><li> PMMA管组件（ 即具有的内拉伸管密封侧）的顶端连接到最佳扩展（ 图7），使用胶带的内层，一个中间层的PTFE密封带，和一个外层的反射磁带。确保PTFE胶带是紧的，是密封的的PMMA管组件和顶部的扩展之间的差距。 </li><li>将PMMA管的主拉伸的底部扩展程序，如所示的1.6，。 </li><li>拉伸和套筒的主拉拔处理与真空中的PMMA管组件（参见第4章）。 PMMA管组件被拉伸从OD 12毫米至6毫米。 </li><li>由此产生的拉伸PMMA护套管有ID / OD约为0.25。重复1.9至1.15，直到最终PMMA护套管具有内径/外径约0.1与1毫米（ 图1）的ID。 </li></ol> 2。制造铟填充纤维 1毫米的铟线在第1节的第二次拉伸过程（第5章），产生一个最终的外径为1.2毫米的铟填充纤维与PMMA护套管套和拉伸。 <ol><li>准备和退火PMMA护套管，在1.1 - 1.4所示。 </li><li>切铟丝至550毫米的长度。</li><li>铟丝插入到PMMA材料的护套管填充，如在图11中所示的预型件组件创建的铟。 </li><li>密封PMMA材料的护套管的底侧，如在1.11所示。 </li><li>铟填充预成型体组件连接，如图所示，在1.13和二次拉伸底部扩展在1.14最佳扩展。 </li><li>在二级拉丝工艺，真空的铟充满纤维（参见第5章）下15-20克的张力绘制的最后外径为1毫米的拉伸和套筒的铟充满预制件装配。 </li><li>完成后的拉伸过程中，铟的填充纤维，从塔上拆下阀芯。 </li><li>检查端面和沿长度方向的长度的铟填充纤维的用光学显微镜。有问题的缺陷可以包括铟丝和PMMA管接口，在沿纤维的长度的导线直径或骨折破解波动之间的分离。光学显微镜图像的工业鎓填充纤维被呈现在图2中，示出了连续的100μm的铟丝在1毫米外径PMMA纤维。 </li><li>直到有足够的铟填充纤维生产的铟叠预制件重复2.1至2.8。 </li></ol> 3。铟叠放光纤制造铟层叠纤维制造由第一堆叠铟填充Secton 2中产生的纤维在一个更大的聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯预型体护套管，然后将其拉伸和长袖所需纤维的尺寸，使用的二次拉伸工序（第5节）。 <ol><li>准备PMMA的瓶坯护套管，在1.1所示。出于演示的目的，我们将使用PMMA管外径为12毫米和9毫米ID。 </li><li>切铟充满纤维到550 mm的长度。 </li><li> PMMA材料的预成型件的护套管和铟的填充纤维用异丙醇擦拭巾，清洁的表面，并使其干燥。 </li><li>捆绑使用橡胶带的的铟充满纤维和插入到PMMA材料的预成型件的护套管，以确保纤维是直链和一个紧配合（ 图12）。 </li><li>退火堆叠的预成型件组装在退火烘箱在90℃下至少5天。 </li><li>从退火烘箱取出堆叠的预成型件组件，并让其冷却至室温。 </li><li>铟填充预成型体组件连接，如图所示，在1.13和二次拉伸底部扩展在1.14最佳扩展。 </li><li>拉伸和套叠预制件装配在二级拉丝工艺，真空铟堆叠纤维（参见第5章）。这被拉伸的最终OD0.6毫米下拉伸80克张力，制造超材料的纤维含有5毫米电线由50μm的分隔。在图3中示出所得到的纤维的光学显微镜横截面图像。 </li><li>完成后的拉伸过程中，铟的层叠纤维，从塔上拆下阀芯。 </li><li>在尊重的端面和铟堆叠纤维沿长度方向的长度为2.8（ 图3）中所示。 </li></ol> 4。主要绘制过程的主要拉伸过程中使用可拉伸预型件的外直径大于1毫米。下面的过程中使用的第1节：伪造PMMA护套管。 <ol><li>装入预制件的拉伸塔上的三爪卡盘夹紧的顶部扩展。饲料到炉的热区（ 图13）的预成型体。的预成型体，使用的XY微米阶段对齐。关闭炉顶板。 </li><li>预热阶段升高的预成型体的横截面面积的拉伸温度的温度，使用图14中所示的温度曲线。 </li><li>展开绘图过程中，通过将温度提高到185℃开始，在5毫米/分钟的进给速率，绘制率在6毫米/ min和闭吨他画单元夹。随着时间的推移的拉伸张力（ 图15）检查的行为。 <ul><li>如果张力成倍增加，停止进料，并画出单位，等待1分钟，使瓶坯加热到拉伸温度开始前的饲料，并重新绘制单位。重复测试，直到张力稳定。 </li><li>如果张力下降，增加1-2毫米/分钟的拉伸速率。继续增加1-2 mm / min的增量（只要作为张力保持恒定或开始下降），直到实现所需的拉伸率拉伸率。 </li></ul></li><li>如果需要真空，真空管连接到真空密封使用蓝光西塔（ 图13）的最佳的预成型坯扩展。后打开真空进料和拉伸单位已经开始，以确保预成型体绘制对称。 </li><li>绘制的预成型体时，使用主拉伸条件在表1中，作为一个指南。注意炉子的温度和比between饲料和绘制率进行监测，以保持恒定的OD和拉丝张力。请注意，拉制的光纤的外径的一个指示，可以得到从质量平衡方程， ð 最后 = D 开始 （F / D）1/2 其中 D 末期 -最终纤维直径，D 启动是初始的预型件的直径，F是进给速度， 和 D是拉伸率。停止馈送和拉伸率和开关完成的预成型体时的炉。从一次的拉伸塔中取出的预成型体的预成型件冷却至室温。 </li></ol> 5。第二次拉伸过程二次拉伸过程用来拉伸预型件的外径小于1mm。下面的过程中使用的第2节：伪造铟填充纤维和3：伪造铟层叠纤维。 <ol><li>载入的s的预成型体为econdary平局是主拉伸过程（步骤4.1）中的相同。 </li><li>预加热阶段为第二次拉伸是主拉伸过程（步骤4.2）中的相同。 </li><li>预成型体开始颈缩，一旦拉伸温度达到。的下拉式的预成型件的出口提供的初始拉伸力（ 图16）的底部扩展的重量由于炉的底部。 </li><li>开始的进给速率（2.5 - 5毫米/分钟），并开始增加炉内温度（2.5 - 5℃）的速度来控制的下拉。的纤维直径应维持在约250 - 500微米，以防止光纤贴紧。 </li><li>将纤维]是纺丝以缓慢的速度在1米/分钟的最初的绞盘轮。风的纤维周围的舞者轮，附着于纤维阀芯。 </li><li>如果需要真空真空管附加4.4所示。 </li><li>纤维拉伸最初是短暂战平条件下的。小号等的进给速率，绘制率和炉内温度到所需的拉伸条件值。几分钟后，实现的纤维直径和拉伸张力波动到稳定状态。 </li><li>绘制的预成型体时，使用次要的拉伸条件在表2中作为指导。注意炉内温度和之间的进料比和拉伸率进行监测，以保持恒定的外径和拉伸张力。 </li><li>停止4.5中所示的过程。 </li></ol>

<ol>
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没有利益冲突的声明。

此处介绍的技术允许微尺度的特征尺寸的连续的三维超材料的制造公里，拥有一电浆反应（从而量身定制的电动介电常数）在THz范围内，有效地表现为一个高通滤波器。这可以通过实验其特征在于，使用太赫兹时域光谱11。这种纤维状的超材料可以被切割和堆叠成散装材料实现了大量的设备，或织成其他结构，例如，负折射率材料，结合时，超材料的纤维，在该范围内具有负磁导率12?...

<table border="1"><tbody><tr><td> 的试剂/材料名称 </td><td> 公司 </td><td> 目录编号 </td><td> 评论 </td></tr><tr><td>铟线，1毫米直径的99.99％ </td><td> AIM专业</td><td>可根据要求</td><td> <a href="http://www.aimspecialty.com" target="_blank">www.aimspecialty.com</a> <a href="http://www.aimspecialty.com/Portals/0/Files/Indium.pdf" target="_blank">http://www.aimspecialty.com/Portals/0/Files/Indium.pdf</a> </td></tr><tr><td> 2 - 丙醇（异丙醇） </td><td> Sigma-Aldrich公司</td><td>产品编号 190764 </td><td> <a href="http://www.sigmaaldrich.com/chemistry/solvents/products.html?TablePage=17292086" target="_blank">http://www.sigmaaldrich.com/chemistry/solvents/products.html?TablePage=17292086</a> </td></tr><tr><td>胶带</td><td>斯台普斯</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>绕一层PTFE胶带，5毫升×12毫米宽×0.2 MMT </td><td> RS Components公司</td><td> RS库存数量 231-964 </td><td> <a href="http://uk.rs-online.com/web/p/ptfe-tapes/0231964/" target="_blank">http://uk.rs-online.com/web/p/ptfe-tapes/0231964/</a> </td></tr><tr><td> 50微米铝箔胶带</td><td>推进胶带</td><td> AT506 </td><td> <a href="http://www.advancetapes.com/Products/types/9/page1/81" target="_blank">http://www.advancetapes.com/Products/types/9/page1/81</a> </td></tr><tr><td>蓝光德</td><td>波士胶</td><td></td><td> <a href="http://www.blutack.com/index.html" target="_blank">http://www.blutack.com/index.html</a> </td></tr><tr><td>爱牢达快速设置</td><td> Sell​​eys </td><td></td><td> <a href="http://selleys.com.au/adhesives/household-adhesive/araldite/quick-set" target="_blank">http://selleys.com.au/adhesives/household-adhesive/araldite/quick-set</a> </td></tr><tr><td> PMMA管： - ID 6毫米，外径12毫米 - ID 9毫米，外径12毫米</td><td> B＆M塑料：塑料制造</td><td>可根据要求</td><td> <a href="http://www.bmplastics.com.au/about-us.htm" target="_blank">http://www.bmplastics.com.au/about-us.htm</a> </td></tr><tr><td></td><td></td><td></td><td> 设备要求 </td></tr><tr><td></td><td></td><td></td><td><ul><li>光纤拉丝塔炉的最高温度至少在200°C（Heathway高分子拉丝塔预制棒和光纤抽奖设施）。的拉丝塔的照片如图5所示。 </li><li>的最高温度至少为90℃的烘箱中退火</li><li>光学显微镜。 </li><li>热风枪。 </li><li>真空泵。 </li><li>顶部的瓶坯扩展（30厘米长，12毫米直径的金属管）。 </li><li>主要吸引人的底部扩展（100厘米长，12毫米直径的金属管）。 </li><li>第二次拉伸底部扩展（PMMA管20厘米的长度和直径12毫米）。 </li></ul></td></tr></tbody></table>

fabricating metamaterials using the fiber drawing method

超材料是人造复合材料，制造组装远小于波长，他们在操作1。他们欠他们的电磁特性，而不是其成员的结构，组成它们的原子。例如，副波长的金属丝可以被布置为具有一个有效的电动的或正或负的介电常数是在一个给定的频率，在对比的金属本身2。这种前所未有的控制光的行为有可能导致一些新型设备，如隐形斗篷，负折射率材料4，和镜头，低于衍射极限的5解决对象。然而，光纤，中红外和太赫兹频率工作在传统的超材料采用纳米和微加工技术，价格昂贵，而且生产出样品，最多几个世纪尺寸6-7的 timetres中。在这里，我们提出了一种制造方法产生几百米的金属丝超材料的纤维形态，表现出太赫兹电浆反应8。我们结合堆栈和绘制技术用于生产微结构聚合物光纤9与泰勒线过程10，使用铟的聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯（PMMA）的管内导线。聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯的选择，因为它是一个简单的处理，提拉介质，适当的光学特性，在太赫区域;铟，因为它具有熔融温度为156.6℃，这是适当的codrawing与PMMA。我们包括铟丝直径为1mm的，纯度为99.99％的PMMA管与1毫米内径（ID）和12毫米的外径（OD）是在一端密封。该管被抽真空并提取的外直径为1.2毫米。将得到的纤维，然后切成小块，并堆叠成一个较大的PMMA管。此堆栈被密封在一端和送入炉中，而被迅速地绘制，减少的结构的直径的10倍，并通过100倍的增加长度。这种纤维具有功能的微型和纳米级的，本质上是灵活的，大规模生产的，可织表现出没有在自然界中发现的电磁性能。它们代表从太赫兹到光的频率，如无形的纤维，编织负折射率布，和超分辨镜头一些新型器件的一种很有前途的平台。

超材料纤维，使用所描述的技术生产。他们从一个预成型坯1毫米PMMA含有直径为100μm的连续的铟电线的纤维， 如图2中所示，这反过来又被从一个预成型体的1毫米的铟包含内有10毫米的聚合物护套的导线，这是产生绘制组装通过套管的适当大小的聚合物管，与图1的示意图中所示。电浆在THz范围内的响应一个超材料的纤维的一个例子的横截面的显微镜图像如图3?...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Fabricating Metamaterials Using the Fiber Drawing Method at JoVE.com

Fabricating Metamaterials Using the Fiber Drawing Method

超材料在太赫兹频率提供了独特的机会，但批量制造的挑战。我们适应的制造过程以较低的成本制造的超材料可能在工业规模上的微结构聚合物光纤。我们生产的聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯纤维，含〜10微米〜100微米，这表现出太赫兹电浆反应分离铟丝直径。

制造超材料使用光纤拉丝法

Metamaterials are man-made composite materials, fabricated by assembling components much smaller than the wavelength at which they operate 1. They owe ...

fabricating-metamaterials-using-the-fiber-drawing-method

Research

JoVE Journal

Engineering

13.7K 次观看.  University of Sydney. 超材料在太赫兹频率提供了独特的机会，但批量制造的挑战。我们适应的制造过程以较低的成本制造的超材料可能在工业规模上的微结构聚合物光纤。我们生产的聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯纤维，含〜10微米〜100微米，这表现出太赫兹电浆反应分离铟丝直径。

视频: Fabricating Metamaterials Using the Fiber Drawing Method

Colloidal Synthesis of Nanopatch Antennas for Applications in Plasmonics and Nanophotonics

We present a method for colloidal synthesis of silver nanocubes and the use of these in combination with a smooth gold film, to fabricate plasmonic nanoscale patch antennas. This includes a detailed procedure for the fabrication of thin films with a well-controlled thickness over macroscopic areas using layer-by-layer deposition of polyelectrolyte polymers, namely poly(allylamine) hydrochloride (PAH) and polystyrene sulfonate (PSS). These polyelectrolyte spacer layers serve as a dielectric gap in between silver nanocubes and a gold film. By controlling the size of the nanocubes or the gap thickness, the plasmon resonance can be tuned from about 500 nm to 700 nm. Next, we demonstrate how to incorporate organic sulfo-cyanine5 carboxylic acid (Cy5) dye molecules into the dielectric polymer gap region of the nanopatch antennas. Finally, we show greatly enhanced fluorescence of the Cy5 dyes by spectrally matching the plasmon resonance with the excitation energy and the Cy5 absorption peak. The method presented here enables the fabrication of plasmonic nanopatch antennas with well-controlled dimensions utilizing colloidal synthesis and a layer-by-layer dip-coating process with the potential for low cost and large-scale production. These nanopatch antennas hold great promise for practical applications, for example in sensing, ultrafast optoelectronic devices and for high-efficiency photodetectors.

A protocol for the colloidal synthesis of silver nanocubes and fabrication of plasmonic nanoscale patch antennas with sub-10 nm gaps is presented.

在等离子体激元和纳米光子学应用Nanopatch天线的合成胶体

We present a method for colloidal synthesis of silver nanocubes and the use of these in combination with a smooth gold film, to fabricate plasmonic ...

科研

工程学

Fabrication of Nanopillar-Based Split Ring Resonators for Displacement Current Mediated Resonances in Terahertz Metamaterials

Terahertz (THz) split ring resonator (SRR) metamaterials (MMs) has been studied for gas, chemical, and biomolecular sensing applications because the SRR is not affected by environmental characteristics such as the temperature and pressure surrounding the resonator. Electromagnetic radiation in THz frequencies is biocompatible, which is a critical condition especially for the application of the biomolecular sensing. However, the quality factor (Q-factor) and frequency responses of traditional thin-film based split ring resonator (SRR) MMs are very low, which limits their sensitivities and selectivity as sensors. In this work, novel nanopillar-based SRR MMs, utilizing displacement current, are designed to enhance the Q-factor up to 450, which is around 45 times higher than that of traditional thin-film-based MMs. In addition to the enhanced Q-factor, the nanopillar-based MMs induce a larger frequency shifts (17 times compared to the shift obtained by the traditional thin-film based MMs). Because of the significantly enhanced Q-factors and frequency shifts as well as the property of biocompatible radiation, the THz nanopillar-based SRR are ideal MMs for the development of biomolecular sensors with high sensitivity and selectivity without inducing damage or distortion to biomaterials. A novel fabrication process has been demonstrated to build the nanopillar-based SRRs for displacement current mediated THz MMs. A two-step gold (Au) electroplating process and an atomic layer deposition (ALD) process are used to create sub-10 nm scale gaps between Au nanopillars. Since the ALD process is a conformal coating process, a uniform aluminum oxide (Al2O3) layer with nanometer-scale thickness can be achieved. By sequentially electroplating another Au thin film to fill the spaces between Al2O3 and Au, a close-packed Au-Al2O3-Au structure with nano-scale Al2O3 gaps can be fabricated. The size of the nano-gaps can be well defined by precisely controlling the deposition cycles of the ALD process, which has an accuracy of 0.1 nm.

A protocol for the design and fabrication of a novel nanopillar-based split ring resonator (SRR) is presented.

基于纳米柱裂环谐振器的研制为位移电流共振介导太赫兹超材料

Terahertz (THz) split ring resonator (SRR) metamaterials (MMs) has been studied for gas, chemical, and biomolecular sensing applications because the SRR ...

Installation Method to Enhance Quality Control for Fiber Reinforced Polymer Spike Anchors

Fiber reinforced polymer (FRP) anchors are a promising way to enhance the performance of externally-bonded FRPs applied to existing structures, as they can delay or even prevent debonding failure. However, a major concern faced by designers is the premature failure of the anchors due to stress concentration. Poor installation quality and preparation of the clearance holes can result in stress concentration that provokes this premature failure. This paper deals with an installation method that aims to reduce the impact of the stress concentration and to provide a proper quality control of the preparation of the drill hole. The method involves three parts: the drilling and cleaning of the holes, the smoothing of the hole edges with a customized drill bit, and the installation of the anchor itself, including the impregnation of the anchor dowel and its insertion. Anchor fans (the free length of the spikes) are then bonded to the external FRP reinforcement. For the end anchorage, and in the case of reinforcements with multiple plies, it is recommended that the anchor fan be inserted between two plies to assist the stress-transfer mechanism. 
The proposed procedure is complemented with a design approach for spike anchors, based on an extensive database. It is proposed that the design follow a number of steps, namely: selection of the anchor diameter and subsequent tensile strength of the connector (that is to say, the anchor before fanning out the free end), evaluation of the reduction in the tensile strength due to bending, provision of enough embedment to prevent slippage failure, and consideration of the number and spacing of anchors for a given reinforcement. In this sense, it should be noted that further research is needed in order to obtain a general expression for the contribution of spike anchors to overall bond strength of FRP reinforcements.

This manuscript presents a method for controlling the quality of installation for spike anchors designed to delay delamination of externally bonded fiber reinforced polymers. The protocol includes the preparation of the drill hole and the insertion process. The most influential parameters on the efficiency of the anchors are discussed.

提高纤维增强聚合物穗锚质量控制的安装方法

Fiber reinforced polymer (FRP) anchors are a promising way to enhance the performance of externally-bonded FRPs applied to existing structures, as they ...

Fabricating Reactive Surfaces with Brush-like and Crosslinked Films of Azlactone-Functionalized Block Co-Polymers

In this paper, fabrication methods that generate novel surfaces using the azlactone-based block co-polymer, poly (glycidyl methacrylate)-block-poly (vinyl dimethyl azlactone) (PGMA-b-PVDMA), are presented. Due to the high reactivity of azlactone groups towards amine, thiol, and hydroxyl groups, PGMA-b-PVDMA surfaces can be modified with secondary molecules to create chemically or biologically functionalized interfaces for a variety of applications. Previous reports of patterned PGMA-b-PVDMA interfaces have used traditional top-down patterning techniques that generate non-uniform films and poorly controlled background chemistries. Here, we describe customized patterning techniques that enable precise deposition of highly uniform PGMA-b-PVDMA films in backgrounds that are chemically inert or that have biomolecule-repellent properties. Importantly, these methods are designed to deposit PGMA-b-PVDMA films in a manner that completely preserves azlactone functionality through each processing step. Patterned films show well-controlled thicknesses that correspond to polymer brushes (~90 nm) or to highly crosslinked structures (~1-10 &#956;m). Brush patterns are generated using either the parylene lift-off or interface directed assembly methods described and are useful for precise modulation of overall chemical surface reactivity by adjusting either the PGMA-b-PVDMA pattern density or the length of the VDMA block. In contrast, the thick, crosslinked PGMA-b-PVDMA patterns are obtained using a customized micro-contact printing technique and offer the benefit of higher loading or capture of secondary material due to higher surface area to volume ratios. Detailed experimental steps, critical film characterizations, and trouble-shooting guides for each fabrication method are discussed.

Surface fabrication methods for patterned deposition of nanometer thick brushes or micron thick, crosslinked films of an azlactone block co-polymer are reported. Critical experimental steps, representative results, and limitations of each method are discussed. These methods are useful for creating functional interfaces with tailored physical features and tunable surface reactivity.

Azlactone 功能块共聚物的刷状和交联膜制备反应表面

In this paper, fabrication methods that generate novel surfaces using the azlactone-based block co-polymer, poly (glycidyl methacrylate)-block-poly (vinyl ...

Drawing and Hydrophobicity-patterning Long Polydimethylsiloxane Silicone Filaments

Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) silicone is a versatile polymer that cannot readily be formed into long filaments. Traditional spinning methods fail because PDMS does not exhibit long-range fluidity at melting. We introduce an improved method to produce filaments of PDMS by a stepped temperature profile of the polymer as it cross-links from a fluid to an elastomer. By monitoring its warm-temperature viscosity, we estimate a window of time when its material properties are amendable to drawing into long filaments. The filaments pass through a high-temperature tube oven, curing them sufficiently to be harvested. These filaments are on the order of hundreds of micrometers in diameter and tens of centimeters in length, and even longer and thinner filaments are possible. These filaments retain many of the material properties of bulk PDMS, including switchable hydrophobicity. We demonstrate this capability with an automated corona-discharge patterning method. These patternable PDMS silicone filaments have applications in silicone weavings, gas-permeable sensor components, and model microscale foldamers.

Here, we present a protocol to produce long filaments of polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) silicone by gravity-drawing through a furnace. Filaments are on the order of hundreds of micrometers in diameter and tens of centimeters in length and are hydrophobically patternable via an Arduino-controlled corona discharge system.

拉伸和疏水图案长聚二甲基硅氧烷硅丝丝

Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) silicone is a versatile polymer that cannot readily be formed into long filaments. Traditional spinning methods fail because ...

Fabricating van der Waals Heterostructures with Precise Rotational Alignment

In this work we describe a technique for creating new crystals (van der Waals heterostructures) by stacking distinct ultrathin layered 2D materials. We demonstrate not only lateral control but, importantly, also control over the angular alignment of adjacent layers. The core of the technique is represented by a home-built transfer setup which allows the user to control the position of the individual crystals involved in the transfer. This is achieved with sub-micrometer (translational) and sub-degree (angular) precision. Prior to stacking them together, the isolated crystals are individually manipulated by custom-designed moving stages that are controlled by a programmed software interface. Moreover, since the entire transfer setup is computer controlled, the user can remotely create precise heterostructures without coming into direct contact with the transfer setup, labeling this technique as &#8220;hands-free&#8221;. In addition to presenting the transfer set-up, we also describe two techniques for preparing the crystals that are subsequently stacked.

In this work we describe a technique that is used to create new crystals (van der Waals heterostructures) by stacking ultrathin layered 2D materials with precise control over position and relative orientation.

使用精确旋转对齐来制造范德瓦尔斯异构结构

In this work we describe a technique for creating new crystals (van der Waals heterostructures) by stacking distinct ultrathin layered 2D materials. We ...

Etalon Assembly and Fiber-Etalon Alignment

To begin, place the 3D-printed cell on the table with the etalon pit facing upward. Insert an O-ring into the etalon pit and press it slightly into the designated groove. Place the beam splitter with the reflective surface facing upward onto the O-ring in the etalon pit.Using a tweezer, carefully place the two spacers onto the beam splitter to generate a clear aperture for the gas and excitation laser, which enters the air cavity via the through-hole running from one side of the cell to the other. Align the mirror on top of the spacers with the reflective side facing down so that the beam splitter, spacers, and mirror are aligned concentrically. Take the 3D-printed etalon cap and put the O-rings into the designated grooves.Align the cap to the rectangular groove of the cell, lift the cell, and apply pressure on the cap to fix the spacers in place while simultaneously inserting four M4 screws through the designated holes from the back side. Mount the screws with four M4 nuts on the front side and tighten them until the pressure from the cap is enough to hold the spacers in place and the O-rings are sufficiently compressed. For fiber-etalon alignment, mount the pigtailed ferrule and the GRIN lens system with the ferrule clamp and ensure that the translation stage in the Z direction is moved to its maximum height.Align the 3D-printed cell underneath this system, fixing its position at a height slightly below the GRIN lens, pointing directly to the center of the opening. Apply one or two drops of adhesive on the front end of the GRIN lens with a pipette. Lower down the translation stage in the Z direction until contact with the anti-reflection coated surface of the beam splitter is insured.Continue to lower the GRIN lens until sufficient pressure is applied and the springs are under enough tension. Turn on the modulated laser and the oscilloscope. Ensure the oscilloscope has the highest possible resolution when starting the alignment process.Then, set the time resolution so that the two to three periods of the modulation are visible. To start the alignment process, ensure that the GRIN lens points normally on the beam splitter surface. Step by step, deflect the first goniometric stage slightly and then move the other goniometric stage around the zero position.If no change is observed on the oscilloscope, deflect the first goniometric stage slightly more and repeat this iterative process until the triangular modulation becomes visible on the oscilloscope. Once a strong back-reflection is observed, adjust the oscilloscope's resolution and ensure the peak of the etalon's reflectance function sits centrally on the triangular modulation slopes. Tune the etalon's peak by changing the temperature of the laser until the peak is centered on the slope.With slight movements of the goniometric stages, try to maximize the peak strength while simultaneously maximizing the peak-to-peak ratio of the triangular modulation. When the alignment is finished, mount the UV lamp close to the GRIN lens mounted at a 45-degree angle. Next, cure the adhesive applied on the front end of the GRIN lens.After 5 to 10 minutes, turn off the UV lamp and apply more adhesive around the GRIN lens without touching it. Expose the adhesive to UV light for another five to 10 minutes. Repeat this step until the opening of the cell is completely filled with a homogenous layer of adhesive and perform the final cure for at least one hour.The representative image shows a good and worse alignment. The better the alignment, the higher the peak-to-peak ratio of the triangular modulation and the more the reflectance peak approaches zero.

标准具组装和纤维-标准具对准

Fabrication and Mechanical Property Assessment of Fiber Composite Laminates

Measuring the Mechanical Properties of Glass Fiber Reinforcement Polymer Composite Laminates Obtained by Different Fabrication Processes

The traditional wet hand lay-up process (WL) has been widely applied in the manufacturing of fiber composite laminates. However, due insufficiency in the forming pressure, the mass fraction of fiber is reduced and lots of air bubbles are trapped inside, resulting in low-quality laminates (low stiffness and strength). The wet hand lay-up/vacuum bag (WLVB) process for the fabrication of composite laminates is based on the traditional wet hand lay-up process, using a vacuum bag to remove air bubbles and provide pressure, and then carrying out the heating and curing process. 
Compared with the traditional hand lay-up process, laminates manufactured by the WLVB process show superior mechanical properties, including better strength and stiffness, higher fiber volume fraction, and lower void volume fraction, which are all benefits for composite laminates. This process is completely manual, and it is greatly influenced by the skills of the preparation personnel. Therefore, the products are prone to defects such as voids and uneven thickness, leading to unstable qualities and mechanical properties of the laminate. Hence, it is necessary to finely describe the WLVB process, finely control steps, and quantify material ratios, in order to ensure the mechanical properties of laminates. 
This paper describes the meticulous process of the WLVB process for preparing woven plain patterned glass fiber reinforcement composite laminates (GFRPs). The fiber volume content of laminates was calculated using the formula method, and the calculated results showed that the fiber volume content of WL laminates was 42.04%, while that of WLVB laminates was 57.82%, increasing by 15.78%. The mechanical properties of the laminates were characterized using tensile and impact tests. The experimental results revealed that with the WLVB process, the strength and modulus of the laminates were enhanced by 17.4% and 16.35%, respectively, and the specific absorbed energy was increased by 19.48%.

Author Spotlight: Enhancing Fiber Composite Laminate Quality with the Wet Hand Lay-Up/Vacuum Bag Process 

This paper describes a fabrication process for fiber-reinforced polymer matrix composite laminates obtained using the wet hand lay-up/vacuum bag method.

测量通过不同制造工艺获得的玻璃纤维增强聚合物复合层压板的机械性能

The traditional wet hand lay-up process (WL) has been widely applied in the manufacturing of fiber composite laminates. However, due insufficiency in the ...

纳米纤维素纸基分析装置的微压花制备  

Microembossing: A Convenient Process for Fabricating Microchannels on Nanocellulose Paper-Based Microfluidics

Nanopaper, derived from nanofibrillated cellulose, has generated considerable interest as a promising material for microfluidic applications. Its appeal lies in a range of excellent&#160;qualities, including an exceptionally smooth surface, outstanding optical transparency, a uniform nanofiber matrix with nanoscale porosity, and customizable chemical properties. Despite the rapid growth of nanopaper-based microfluidics, the current techniques used to create microchannels on nanopaper, such as 3D printing, spray coating, or manual cutting and assembly, which are crucial for practical applications, still possess certain limitations, notably susceptibility to contamination. Furthermore, these methods are restricted to the production of millimeter-sized channels. This study introduces a straightforward process that utilizes convenient plastic micro-molds for simple microembossing operations to fabricate microchannels on nanopaper, achieving a minimum width of 200 &#181;m. The developed microchannel outperforms existing approaches, achieving a fourfold improvement, and can be fabricated within 45 min. Furthermore, fabrication parameters have been optimized, and a convenient quick-reference table is provided for application developers. The proof-of-concept for a laminar mixer, droplet generator, and functional nanopaper-based analytical devices (NanoPADs) designed for Rhodamine B sensing using surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy was demonstrated. Notably, the NanoPADs exhibited exceptional performance with improved limits of detection. These outstanding results can be attributed to the superior optical properties of nanopaper and the recently developed accurate microembossing method, enabling the integration and fine-tuning of the NanoPADs.

作者聚焦：通过纳米纸上的微通道制造彻底改变微流体 

This protocol describes a straightforward process that utilizes convenient plastic micro-molds for simple microembossing operations to fabricate microchannels on nanofibrillated cellulose paper, achieving a minimum width of 200 &#181;m.

微压花：在纳米纤维素纸基微流控上制造微通道的便捷工艺

Nanopaper, derived from nanofibrillated cellulose, has generated considerable interest as a promising material for microfluidic applications. Its appeal ...