这项研究从科研副校长及经济发展北德克萨斯大学的科研启动资助（RIG）（UNT）的支持。作者还感谢KCIS有限公司的部分支持这项研究。从PACCAR技术学院UNT这份出版物的成功的支持是极大的赞赏。

1.实验计划<ol><li>绘制使用计算机辅助设计（CAD）软件的牺牲图案（一个八位组桁架结构具有一浇道系统） 如图1和保存CAD模型为STL文件格式。 注:牺牲模式是八位桁架结构用直浇道系统，将最终被融化铸造的综合模式。因为牺牲图案包括两个八位字节桁架结构和浇道系统，它并不准确地表示八角体桁架本身。提供了牺牲图案的STL文件。记录由CAD软件所提供的牺牲花纹，这将被用于计算金属"质量的体积。 </li><li>打开连接到3D打印机打印图案的3D打印软件牺牲图案的CAD图纸。 </li><li>确保该三维打印机具有足够的UV可固化/可浇注丙烯酸塑料和支撑材料制成的蜡的在打印机墨盒。 </li></ol> 2，祭祀图案的制作<ol><li>制造组成的八角体桁架结构，并使用三维打印机（ 图2A - C）的浇道系统的牺牲花纹。 注意:在2.1.3过程 - 如果使用不产生辅助材料三维打印机2.1.7不是必需的。 <ol><li>发送所述牺牲图案的STL文件到3D打印机打印的牺牲图案（ 图2A）。 </li><li>融出在烘箱牺牲图案的支撑材料在高于载体材料的熔化温度（60 - 70 C）2小时（ 图2B）。 注:去除支撑材料的温度不宜过高。否则，可能会导致在牺牲图案的损坏。牺牲的模式开始在这一研究中围绕80℃越来越损坏。 注意:suppor的熔融温度ŧ材料对于可能使用不同的支持材料的3D打印机而异。 </li><li>填写婴儿油了数字超声波清洗机，以2.5升，最大音量的清洁剂可以包含（ 图2C）。 注:建议由3D打印机使用婴儿油，用于溶解蜡样支撑材料的残留量的供应商。 </li><li>把牺牲模式进入数字化超声波清洗机并打开吸尘器（ 图2C）的力量。确保牺牲图案中石油完全淹没。 </li><li>通过在65℃40分钟（ 图2C）浸渍在牺牲模式进入油中除去载体材料的残余物。 </li><li>从清洁器取出所​​述牺牲花纹如果支撑材料被完全去除。 </li><li>有牺牲图案干后用在室温（〜20℃）（ 图2C）的风扇。 注意:这需要约2小时直到牺牲图案的表面上的油已完全干燥。考虑如果表面是不发粘被完全干燥所述牺牲花纹。 </li></ol></li></ol> 3.模具的制作<ol><li> 模型组件 <ol><li>附加一个橡胶垫圈至牺牲图案（的八角体桁架的浇道系统），并把它们放在一个圆筒形烧瓶中的与6.35厘米的高度，直径6.35厘米（ 图2D）的底部。 注:准备两个瓶中铸造各种金属; Al和Cu合金。 </li><li>双重检查与牺牲花纹的橡胶垫被完全附连到该烧瓶的底部。 </li><li>换用胶带烧瓶，使投资粉末 - 水混合物，其过程将在接下来的部分中描述的，可以不从烧瓶中漏出。 </li></ol></li><li> 投资模具的研制 <ol><li>准备投资粉末（卡索4 </sUB&gt;，ρ= 1019公斤/米3）89克，这是87.16毫升。使用规模称重投资粉末。 注意:投资粉末的物理性能列于表1中。 </li><li>倒入投资粉放入搅拌碗（1升）。 </li><li>将水（114毫升）到混合碗中。用烧杯，以测量水的体积。 </li><li>混合与水投资粉末在碗3分钟。拌匀，直到有在投资粉末与水的混合物没有肿块。否则，可能会导致投资模具的表面质量较差。按照工作流， 如图3。 </li><li>为了在该混合物中以除去气泡，碗放置在一个真空室中90秒，直到气泡不能在用裸眼（ 图3）的混合物中可以看出。 </li><li>将混合物倒入一个烧瓶中嵌入所述牺牲图案和橡胶垫圈（ 图2E）。 </li><li>放置FLAS再次K的真空室90秒以除去混合物（图3）内的气泡的残留物。 </li><li>干燥该混合物的烧瓶内，直到它在RT（ 图3）硬化。 注:一般情况下，大约需要10 - 15分钟的在RT硬化混合物。 </li><li>在该混合物的烧瓶内的底部取出烧瓶和橡胶垫圈一旦混合物硬化（ 图3）。此产品可以被称为石膏模具。 </li></ol></li><li> 烧完 <ol><li>而下列加热和冷却时间表（ 图4）加热从23至150℃，在2.1℃/分钟建立一个烧尽时间在炉; 150在3.7℃/ min的370℃; 370以1.85℃/分钟480℃; 480以4.17℃/分钟730℃; 730℃1小时;在-4.17℃/ min冷却730 480℃。 注:燃尽VAR的时间IES用烧瓶大小。在这项研究中，设置燃尽时间为6小时。 </li><li>放置在炉中（ 图2F）的石膏模具。 </li><li>打开炉中，在炉子增加温度以除去石膏模具内的牺牲花纹。按照图4中的温度条件。 注意:由于UV固化/浇注丙烯酸塑料，牺牲图案的材料，是一种热固性丙烯酸类聚合物的塑料，它不流动，但解离到在炉内气相。 </li></ol></li><li> 离心铸造 （ 图2G） <ol><li>检查离心铸造机的使用手臂打开离心铸造机的电源后，转速表与转速42​​5的角速度旋转。 </li><li>准备了可以容纳150克合金熔化两个陶瓷坩埚。使用的铝和铜合金坩埚分开以防止它们被污染随eACH的。 </li><li>打开离心铸造机的电源。 </li><li>使用金​​属切割机，印章的合金与10件 - 20mm的长度。制备它们足以完全填充模腔，其量应是相同的牺牲花纹。 注意:需要填写模腔的相同体积的金属的质量而变化考虑每个金属变化的密度。 </li><li>穿阻燃布和手套和护目镜。准备在室温一桶水（30升）。 </li><li>以石膏模从炉暂时缺货3.3节，在烧瓶摇篮安装和平衡离心铸造机（ 图5）的手臂。 </li><li>浇铸前放置石膏模返回到炉和预热到482℃。 </li><li>放置在坩埚中的坩埚座（ 图5）。 </li><li>把切碎合金到坩埚。 </li><li>打开氧气的阀罐用氧 - 乙炔焊炬连接并保持在96.5千帕（14磅）的罐中的压力水平。 </li><li>点燃氧 - 乙炔焊炬用打火机并通过调节气体的混合控制火焰的强度。 注意:使用氧 - 乙炔火炬时需要注意。其火炬的最高温度约为1200℃。 </li><li>与坩埚中的火炬熔化切碎合金（Al合金或Cu合金），直到合金完全变成液体。 </li><li>搅拌坩埚中的合金用碳棒直到切碎合金完全熔化。 </li><li>放置在烧瓶摇篮石膏模具后靠旁边含有熔融合金（ 图5）的坩埚中。 </li><li>关闭离心铸造机的盖子，让手臂离心旋转，并至少等待3分钟。 注意:离心铸造设备开始尽快铸造机盖关闭操作。离心手臂在425 rpm的速度对应于在所述牺牲图案的模腔中的入口速度旋转时，V R = 8.03Hz米/秒28 29在图5中，其中入口速度是使用宏观粒子动力学从角度计算离心铸造的速度臂28,29。 </li><li>关闭离心铸造机的功率臂​​的3分钟后旋转。 </li><li>打开连铸机的盖子。 </li><li>以石膏模出使用钳瓶摇篮。 </li><li>保持在RT模具15 - 20分钟，直到熔融合金的颜色回到它原来的一个在固相上。 </li><li>使用钳，淬火在水中的石膏模在RT放置在一个桶（30升）约5分钟。确保该石膏模具的温度接近室温淬火后。 </li><li>为了获得在模具内的晶格金属，溶解模具在水中。石膏的模具很容易在水中溶解。 </li></ol></li></ol> 4.后置处理八角桁架金属的最终产品<ol><li>打开一个喷砂的电源。 </li><li>放置喷砂内的平台上的八角体桁架的金属和关闭机器的门。 </li><li>戴上手套和抢喷砂手枪。 </li><li>抓住金属制品的浇道部，并与喷砂2小时从晶格金属吹熄残余石膏。 注意:喷砂的强度自动在550千帕大约固定。一旦喷砂被操作时，则空气从手枪自动退出。 </li><li>保持喷砂运行，直到八角体桁架金属内部的投资石膏渣完全，而用肉眼检查去除。 注:上没有拆除石膏渣的微观标准。这超出了本研究的范围。 ŧ他除去石膏残余物容易用肉眼确定。因为八角体桁架是一个开放的单元结构，可以看到，通过并检查是否石膏残留物完全除去。 需要使用喷砂不与在高压（550千帕）的薄壁厚度（0.5mm）的损坏八角体桁架金属注意:注意。 </li><li>如果该八位位组桁架金属内的投资石膏残余物未完全与喷砂除去，使用附加的后处理的方法; 例如 ，超声波清洗或离开产品在水中一天。 </li><li>在使用超声清洁器的情况下，填充0.7升的水进入超声波清洗，并将与石膏渣八角体桁架金属在超声波清洗器。 <ol><li>打开的超声波洗涤机的功率。 </li><li>设置一个操作条件; 例如，在70℃3小时。 </li><li>取八角体桁架金属出的超声波洗涤机的一次次E操作结束。 </li><li>干燥在RT的八角体桁架金属直到在金属表面上的水完全除去。 </li></ol></li><li>作为一种替代的后处理方法，留在水中的八角体桁架金属。这将导致石膏剩余物溶解于水。 <ol><li>放置八角体桁架金属与水的石膏渣和离开它一天，使得投资石膏和金属表面之间的结合力变得减弱在水中。 </li><li>就拿八角体桁架金属出来的水。 </li><li>干燥在RT的八角体桁架金属直到在金属表面上的水完全除去。 </li></ol></li><li>使用锯或其它适当的工具，切断填充浇道系统的一部分的空腔中的金属从金属制品中，用一个大小为25mm×25mm的×25mm的获得最终的八角体桁架金属， 如图1B所示 。 </li></ol>

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M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+Numerical+Study+of+Molten+Aluminum+for+Investment+Casting+of+3D+Cellular+Metals.">A Numerical Study of Molten Aluminum for Investment Casting of 3D Cellular Metals.</a> Proceedings of the ASME International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. , (2013).</li><li>Mun, J., Yun, B. -. G., Ju, J., Chang, B. -. M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Indirect+Additive+Manufacturing+Based+Casting+of+a+Periodic+3D+Cellular+Metal+-+Flow+Simulation+of+Molten+Aluminum+Alloy.">Indirect Additive Manufacturing Based Casting of a Periodic 3D Cellular Metal - Flow Simulation of Molten Aluminum Alloy.</a> Manufact. Process. 17, 28-40 (2015).</li><li>Challapalli, A., Ju, J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Continuum+Model+for+Effective+Properties+of+Orthotropic+Octet-Truss+Lattice+Materials.">Continuum Model for Effective Properties of Orthotropic Octet-Truss Lattice Materials.</a> Proceedings of the ASME International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. , (2014).</li><li>Taylor, H. F., Flemings, M. C., Wulff, J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=.">.</a> Foundry Engineering. , (1959).</li><li>Mun, J., Ju, J., Thurman, J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Indirect+Additive+Manufacturing+Based+Casting+(I+AM+Casting)+of+a+Lattice+Structure.">Indirect Additive Manufacturing Based Casting (I AM Casting) of a Lattice Structure.</a> Proceedings of the ASME International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. , (2014).</li><li>Mun, J., Ju, J., Thurman, J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Indirect+Additive+Manufacturing+of+a+Copper+Alloy+Cubic+Lattice+Structure.">Indirect Additive Manufacturing of a Copper Alloy Cubic Lattice Structure.</a> Proceedings of the 25th Annual International Solid Freeform Fabrication Symposium. , (2014).</li><li>. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Volume+2+Properties+and+Selection:+Nonferrous+Alloys+and+Pure+Metals.">Volume 2 Properties and Selection: Nonferrous Alloys and Pure Metals.</a> Metals Handbook Ninth Edition. , (1979).</li><li>Romano, J., Ladani, L., Razmi, J., Sadowski, M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Temperature+Distribution+and+Melt+Geometry+in+Laser+and+Electron-beam+Melting+Processes+-+A+Comparison+Among+Common+Materials.">Temperature Distribution and Melt Geometry in Laser and Electron-beam Melting Processes - A Comparison Among Common Materials.</a> J. of Additive Manuf. 8, 1-11 (2015).</li></ol>

The authors have nothing to disclose.

对于传统的金属铸件，它以保持熔融金属的流动顺畅，并在模腔"层状"精简，而避免不规则和搅拌流中紊流27一般观察是很重要的。因此，正确设计用离心臂的旋转速度，以保持熔融金属的晶格型腔&#39;层&#39;内的流相关联的浇道系统的入口是重要的。 在这项研究中，该协议的关键步骤是与水，烧尽牺牲图案的投资粉末的混合中，并且离心铸造工艺。投资粉末与水的混?...

蜂窝金属是固体支柱或板的互连网络的组成的金属和具有复杂的微观结构用1空隙。示例包括ⅰ）无规结构随机泡沫和ii）定期有序二维（2D）的蜂窝体和三维（3D）晶格桁架结构。他们已受到关注，因为它们高的比刚度和强度1-3和高比回弹4-5，对于冲击载荷6，隔音7，热消散器和热交换器8的可能的设计优良的能量吸收。特别地，周期性有序晶格结构具有工程师优于与控制内部多孔网络的几何形状的能力的属性的潜力。 由于其复杂的内部多孔网络的几何形状，则难以用传统的减色machinin制造蜂窝金属G。因此，研究人员已经开始寻找替代方法来制作蜂窝金属:液态金属成形气体或金属粉末与发泡剂混合进行了探讨制造随机金属形式9。由于缺乏对细胞拓扑控制的，这是很难调整机械性能。可替代地，用于周期性地有序蜂窝金属的制造方法进行了探讨:冲压金属薄板为波纹形，随后通过加入它们来创建周期性结构10，接合开槽金属片11，挤出12，编织和炽热金属丝来制造纺织品13。即使这些制造方法提供可重复的图案，所述图案在所述平面方向上仍然受到限制。在努力产生三维图案重复，研究人员使用添加剂制造（AM）开始; 例如 ，选择性激光熔化（SLM）14，电子束熔炼（EBM） <sup&gt; 15，和直接金属激光烧结（DMLS）16。尽管他们的能力来制造三维有序复杂晶格的几何形状，但仍存在一些限制:激光或电子熔化期间使用具有高导热性和高的光反射率17，高热残余应力18，表面光洁度较差的"成球"的现象金属困难19，各向异性特性引起的分层制造，各向异性地层颗粒，粉末的尺寸，功率和激光或电子束15，高能耗等扫描速度的组合效果份20-21。 结合系聚合物调幅与金属铸件可以提供制造晶格金属的替代方法。人们可以把这种"间接AM"。间接调幅可以提供一种解决方案，以克服上述金属的直接调幅的技术问题。一些努力是马例如 ，熔模铸造与熔融沉积成型（FDM）组合制作晶格合金22-25或砂型铸造用沙粉末组合;德使用间接AM结合基于重力铸造22-25的聚合物的三维印刷制造晶格金属根据今年23岁 。重力铸造的基础似乎仍然是一个技术挑战，克服-浇不足和气孔引起熔融金属凝固突然见面时晶格结构模具25-26的尖角网络结构。晶格结构的模具的相对大的表面面积也似乎有助于突然冷却，导致过早凝固25-26。 在这项研究中，我们提出了制造晶格金属过程中可能会克服浇不足替代间接AM - 离心浇铸到由​​3D印刷格子牺牲聚合物图案制成的格子模腔。我们使用数字光处理（DLP）的3D打印方法建立一个格子结构牺牲图案其次是铝和铜合金的离心铸造。本研究的目的是提供在具有复杂形状和薄壁三维晶格金属制造的详细协议。这个过程的主要贡献是提供一个机会以低生产成本延长材料的选择制造格子金属。

<table>
	<tbody>
		<tr>
			<td>Motorized centrifugal casting machine</td>
			<td>Rey Motorized Centrifugal Casting Machine, Rey Industries Inc.</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>Made in U.S.A. by Rey industries, Inc. Dallas, TX 75220</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Gypsum powder</td>
			<td>Satin Cast 20, FindingKing Kerr</td>
			<td>7960</td>
			<td>Gypsum powder is used to make the investment mixture</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Ployjet 3D printer</td>
			<td>Projet HD3500 Plus, 3D Systems</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>This polymer based 3D printer to print out sacrificial pattern for casting.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Cartridge materials - UV curable and castable acrylic plastic</td>
			<td>VisiJet Procast, 3D Systems</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>This is castable material that is going to be burn out before casting</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Cartridge materials- support material</td>
			<td>VijiJet S300, 3D Systems</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>This is support material that is going to be removed before pattern assemble</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Ancient Bronze Casting Grain</td>
			<td>Rio Grande</td>
			<td>706051</td>
			<td>This true bronze grain contains no zinc. Highly fluid, it melts quickly, casts cleanly and provides a good balance between strength and durability. The warm, deep-bronze color has rich red undertones, and the alloy takes a good patina. 
			Composition is 90% copper with an amount of tin; fits into the CDA#90700 category. This grain is sold in 1-lb. packages.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Aluminum Round Wire, 1/8&#34;, 1-Lb. Spool, Dead Soft</td>
			<td>Rio Grande</td>
			<td>134700</td>
			<td>Lightweight and strong, aluminum wire is an economical and versatile choice. Not as bright-white as silver, aluminum offers a warmer tone much like that of platinum. Solder ONLY with low-temp solders such as Stay-Brite; suitable for both pulse-arc and laser welding. This quality aluminum wire is packaged on 1-lb. spools.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Computer aided design software (Pro-e)</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td>This software can be replaced with the others such as Auto CAD, Catia, and so on.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>ProJet Finisher 1-A</td>
			<td>3D Systems</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>This machine is used to melt the support material.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>160 Watt 2.5 Liters Digital Ultrasonic Cleaner with Timer Heater Rings Tools</td>
			<td>Chicago, Electric, Power Tools</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>85 oz. capacity, Five cleaning cycles: 90, 180, 280, 380 and 480 seconds, Clean with or without heat, Easy-to-read LED digital timer, Clear-view window</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Fan&#160;</td>
			<td>Honeywell Inc.&#160;</td>
			<td>HT-800</td>
			<td>120V A.C., 60Hz., 0.85A. TP</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Paraffin wax for wax sheet - Modeler&#39;s Pink Wax Sheet, 3&#34; by 6&#34;, 24-Ga.</td>
			<td>Rio Grande</td>
			<td>700075</td>
			<td>Sheet wax is flexible and can be cut or formed into any shape. It&#8217;s ideal for designing since you can draw or trace directly onto the sheet; choose green or pink depending on which will best show your designs. High manufacturing standards ensure exceptional consistency and significant price savings. Value is enhanced by larger package quantities at the same price as the smaller packages available elsewhere. Each 8-oz. package contains approximately 30 sheets.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Paraffin wax for wax stick - Modeler&#39;s Medium Red Sprue Wax, 8-Ga</td>
			<td>Rio Grande</td>
			<td>700741</td>
			<td>A pliable, softer sprue wax than the firm blue. Good for forming gates and sprues and burns out cleanly with no residue.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Alcohol Lamp</td>
			<td>Rio Grande</td>
			<td>700008</td>
			<td>Use this lamp to heat wax-working tools or as a flame polisher. The heavy glass reservoir has faceted sides to allow it to be tipped for angling the flame. A screw adjustment for the 7&#34; x 3/16&#34; wick controls the height of the flame. A safety cap snuffs the flame and prevents fuel evaporation. For the best flame, use methyl alcohol fuel. Replacement wicks available. Reservoir holds 5 oz. (150ml) of fuel.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Wax carving tool set - Soft Grip Wax Carvers, Set of 10</td>
			<td>Rio Grande</td>
			<td>700329</td>
			<td>This boxed set offers the best in cutting and shaping technology. Each of these ten high-quality steel wax-carving tools features a 5/16&#34; PVC covered handle that ensures a sure, comfortable grip through hours of work and all have sharp edges for shaping and fine detailing. Sharpen or custom-shape each tool to fit your needs. These tools provide exceptional tool strength and deliver excellent results. This set comes in a hinged, foam-lined wood box.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Rubber Mixing Bowl, 1-1/2 Qt.</td>
			<td>Rio Grande</td>
			<td>702131</td>
			<td>This highly-flexible vulcanized rubber bowl is easy to grip, will not be marred by a spatula and cleans with ease.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Pyrex Beaker, 1,000ml</td>
			<td>Rio Grande</td>
			<td>335040</td>
			<td>Ideal for holding and heating bath plating solutions, this genuine Pyrex glass beaker is sturdy and durable.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Rio Premium Stainless Steel Flask, 2-1/2&#34; dia.</td>
			<td>Rio Grande</td>
			<td>70201514</td>
			<td>This solid, #304-quality stainless steel flask is corrosion-resistant, durable for a long service life and performs under extreme temperature without distortion.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>CAST/T Ceramic Casting Crucible, 450g</td>
			<td>Rio Grande</td>
			<td>705047</td>
			<td>Made exclusively for the CAST/T centrifugal casting machine, this crucible is designed with an angled base that slides into the hinged bracket on top of the casting machine. This brings the crucible into perfect alignment with the center of the flask ring to ensure an error-free pour.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>MyWeigh iBalance 300 Digital Scale</td>
			<td>Rio Grande</td>
			<td>116850</td>
			<td>This scale is used to measure the weight of the sacrificial and sprue system for metal which is going to be used for centrifugal casting.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Rubber bottom - CAST/T Flask Ring Base</td>
			<td>Rio Grande</td>
			<td>705025</td>
			<td>Specially made for the CAST/T centrifugal casting machine, this rubber base accommodates all Table King flask ring styles, creating a secure, airtight seal throughout the investment process. The center post fits either of the wax disc styles for complete versatility.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Scotch&#174; Colored Duct Tape, 1 7/8&#34; x 20 Yd., Blue</td>
			<td>OfficeMax&#160;</td>
			<td>22353766</td>
			<td>This scotch tape is used to make sure that the gypsum-water mixture fully covers the assembled sacrificial pattern inside the flask by allowing for extra material above the flask height</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Vacuum casting machine - V.I.C. 12 Tabletop Solid- and Perforated-Flask Casting Machine with The Rio Assistant, 110-Volt</td>
			<td>Rio Grande</td>
			<td>70511814</td>
			<td>The V.I.C. 12 casting machine offers all the latest technical innovations for efficient, productive vacuum investing and casting. Designed to meet the demands of medium-sized casting operations, this machine includes a powerful 1/2hp, 5cfm vacuum pump for effective vacuuming and outstanding casting results. The V.I.C. 12 casts small or large flasks. Includes an adapter table that accepts standard solid flasks up to 5&#34; x 7&#34; high and is mounted on rubber feet for stability.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Furnace for burn out sacrificial pattern -Rio Model 1000 Enameling Kiln with Nine Program Controller</td>
			<td>Rio Grande</td>
			<td>703121</td>
			<td>The Rio enameling kiln features three pre-set firing temperatures for enamels and six that you can define. Use the exclusive Rio controller to set and maintain firing temperatures. Perfect for all types of enameling, including tall pieces. Includes ample space for firing and an easy-latch door that will not jar your enamels when opening and closing. Also suitable for metal clay, glass and ceramics. Galvanized steel case with high-temperature insulating firebrick keeps them cool. Element protected in recessed groove. Includes user instructions.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Smith Complete Little Torch Acetylene and Oxygen System</td>
			<td>Rio Grande</td>
			<td>500030</td>
			<td>Get everything you need to equip your shop for soldering and brazing. Use Little Torch systems for gold 
			or silver soldering, brazing and casting applications. Complete every soldering and melting job with confidence and ease! This system accepts all Little Torch accessory tips for melting, brazing and large soldering jobs and is a staple for every jeweler.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Heat-Resistant Safety Apron</td>
			<td>Rio Grande</td>
			<td>750160</td>
			<td>The specially designed apron has an 800&#176;F (427&#176;C) temperature resistance. Its reflective finish repels hot metal splashes and helps insulate the wearer from heat.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Radnor Heat-Resistant Gloves</td>
			<td>Rio Grande</td>
			<td>350050</td>
			<td>These flexible, heat-resistant gloves are ideal for enameling projects, allowing you to grip even small tongs securely. Blue, shoulder-split leather gloves are made of tough cowhide and lined with cotton and foam, and have reinforced thumb wings.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Platinum Soldering Glasses, #7</td>
			<td>Rio Grande</td>
			<td>113914</td>
			<td>Protect yourself and your employees when soldering platinum. Comfortable glasses feature adjustable earpieces and 52mm IR green polycarbonate #7 lenses. The #7 lens is approved by The Platinum Guild.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Economy Light-Duty Flask Tongs</td>
			<td>Rio Grande</td>
			<td>704026</td>
			<td>Constructed of bent steel, these tongs are designed to handle flasks 3-1/2&#34; or less in diameter. The small-angle notches grip smaller flask sizes and the larger, rounded contour area securely holds larger flasks.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Separating Screen Bucket</td>
			<td>Rio Grande</td>
			<td>201360</td>
			<td>15&#34;-diameter, 11-1/2&#34;-deep</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Sand blaster - Econoline - 101701CB-A - Free-Standing Cabinets Workspace Width (Inch): 60 Workspace Depth (Inch): 48</td>
			<td>MSC industrial supply Co.&#160;</td>
			<td>223818</td>
			<td>Ree-Standing Cabinets; Workspace Width (Inch): 60; Workspace Depth (Inch): 48; Workspace Height (Inch): 40; Air Requirement: 12 CFM @ 80 psi; Overall Cabinet Width (Inch): 65; Maximum Cabinet Depth (Inch): 86</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Johnson&#39;s Baby Oil Shea &#38; Cocoa Butter&#160;</td>
			<td>Wal-Mart</td>
			<td>260074132</td>
			<td>This baby&#160; oil is used for removing the residue of the support material for the castable sacrificial pattern using Digital Ultrasonic Cleaner.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>German 4&#34; Saw Frame and Saw Blade Kit</td>
			<td>Rio Grande</td>
			<td>110112</td>
			<td>Quality, German-made frames are our most popular saw frames, and this frame includes a sampler pack of Rio German saw blades! The adjustable saw frame allows you to achieve the blade tension you want. Throat depth is 102mm (4&#34;). Saw blades have rounded backs that make cutting curves and corners easy and are made from hardened, tempered steel.</td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

indirect fabrication of lattice metals with thin sections using centrifugal casting

其中一个典型的方法来制造三维晶格金属是直接金属添加剂制造（AM）的过程，如选择性激光熔化（SLM）和电子束熔炼（EBM）。尽管其潜在的处理能力时，直接调幅方法有几个缺点，如成本高，最终产品的表面光洁度差，限制在材料的选择，高的热应力，以及零件的​​各向异性性质。我们提出了一种经济有效的方法来制造三维晶格金属。本研究的目的是提供在具有复杂形状和薄壁三维晶格金属制造的详细协议; 例如 ，八角体桁架由具有5mm的单元电池的长度和细胞壁厚度的Al和Cu的合金的为0.5mm。整体实验过程分为八个部分:（一）祭祀图案的三维打印（二）融出辅助材料（C）去除支撑材料的残留量（四）模式assemblY（五）投资（F）烧坏牺牲图案（G）离心铸造（H）后处理的最终产品。建议上午间接提供的技术来制造超轻金属晶格的潜力; 例如 ，网格结构用铝合金。看来，工艺参数应当根据材料和晶格几何适当地控制，由间接调幅技术观察八角体桁架金属的最终产品。

使用在协议部分中描述的间接添加剂制造中，使用铝和铜的合金制造八角体桁架的金属，如示于图1中的整个铸造过程总结于图2中的步骤包括八个部分:（一）的牺牲图案印刷（二）融出支持材料（c）去除支撑材料（D）模组件（五）投资（F）烧坏牺牲图案（G）离心铸造，及（h）的残留物的后处理。 如图3中的投资混合过程是为了确保...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Indirect Fabrication of Lattice Metals with Thin Sections Using Centrifugal Casting at JoVE.com

Indirect Fabrication of Lattice Metals with Thin Sections Using Centrifugal Casting

间接添加剂的制造方法的聚合物的三维打印组合用离心铸造概述为具有0.5mm的壁厚5mm的单元电池的长度制造三维八角体桁架金属（Al和Cu合金）。

与超薄切片格金属制造间接使用离心铸造

One of the typical methods to manufacture 3D lattice metals is the direct-metal additive manufacturing (AM) process such as Selective Laser Melting (SLM) ...

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12.4K 次观看.  University of North Texas. 间接添加剂的制造方法的聚合物的三维打印组合用离心铸造概述为具有0.5mm的壁厚5mm的单元电池的长度制造三维八角体桁架金属（Al和Cu合金）。 

视频: Indirect Fabrication of Lattice Metals with Thin Sections Using Centrifugal Casting

Polycrystalline Silicon Thin-film Solar cells with Plasmonic-enhanced Light-trapping

One of major approaches to cheaper solar cells is reducing the amount of semiconductor material used for their fabrication and making cells thinner. To compensate for lower light absorption such physically thin devices have to incorporate light-trapping which increases their optical thickness. Light scattering by textured surfaces is a common technique but it cannot be universally applied to all solar cell technologies. Some cells, for example those made of evaporated silicon, are planar as produced and they require an alternative light-trapping means suitable for planar devices. Metal nanoparticles formed on planar silicon cell surface and capable of light scattering due to surface plasmon resonance is an effective approach.
The paper presents a fabrication procedure of evaporated polycrystalline silicon solar cells with plasmonic light-trapping and demonstrates how the cell quantum efficiency improves due to presence of metal nanoparticles.
To fabricate the cells a film consisting of alternative boron and phosphorous doped silicon layers is deposited on glass substrate by electron beam evaporation. An Initially amorphous film is crystallised and electronic defects are mitigated by annealing and hydrogen passivation. Metal grid contacts are applied to the layers of opposite polarity to extract electricity generated by the cell. Typically, such a ~2 &mu;m thick cell has a short-circuit current density (Jsc) of 14-16 mA/cm2, which can be increased up to 17-18 mA/cm2 (~25% higher) after application of a simple diffuse back reflector made of a white paint.
To implement plasmonic light-trapping a silver nanoparticle array is formed on the metallised cell silicon surface. A precursor silver film is deposited on the cell by thermal evaporation and annealed at 23&deg;C to form silver nanoparticles. Nanoparticle size and coverage, which affect plasmonic light-scattering, can be tuned for enhanced cell performance by varying the precursor film thickness and its annealing conditions. An optimised nanoparticle array alone results in cell Jsc enhancement of about 28%, similar to the effect of the diffuse reflector. The photocurrent can be further increased by coating the nanoparticles by a low refractive index dielectric, like MgF2, and applying the diffused reflector. The complete plasmonic cell structure comprises the polycrystalline silicon film, a silver nanoparticle array, a layer of MgF2, and a diffuse reflector. The Jsc for such cell is 21-23 mA/cm2, up to 45% higher than Jsc of the original cell without light-trapping or ~25% higher than Jsc for the cell with the diffuse reflector only.
Introduction
Light-trapping in silicon solar cells is commonly achieved via light scattering at textured interfaces. Scattered light travels through a cell at oblique angles for a longer distance and when such angles exceed the critical angle at the cell interfaces the light is permanently trapped in the cell by total internal reflection (Animation 1: Light-trapping). Although this scheme works well for most solar cells, there are developing technologies where ultra-thin Si layers are produced planar (e.g. layer-transfer technologies and epitaxial c-Si layers) 1 and or when such layers are not compatible with textures substrates (e.g. evaporated silicon) 2. For such originally planar Si layer alternative light trapping approaches, such as diffuse white paint reflector 3, silicon plasma texturing 4 or high refractive index nanoparticle reflector 5 have been suggested.
Metal nanoparticles can effectively scatter incident light into a higher refractive index material, like silicon, due to the surface plasmon resonance effect 6. They also can be easily formed on the planar silicon cell surface thus offering a light-trapping approach alternative to texturing. For a nanoparticle located at the air-silicon interface the scattered light fraction coupled into silicon exceeds 95% and a large faction of that light is scattered at angles above critical providing nearly ideal light-trapping condition (Animation 2: Plasmons on NP). The resonance can be tuned to the wavelength region, which is most important for a particular cell material and design, by varying the nanoparticle average size, surface coverage and local dielectric environment 6,7. Theoretical design principles of plasmonic nanoparticle solar cells have been suggested 8. In practice, Ag nanoparticle array is an ideal light-trapping partner for poly-Si thin-film solar cells because most of these design principle are naturally met. The simplest way of forming nanoparticles by thermal annealing of a thin precursor Ag film results in a random array with a relatively wide size and shape distribution, which is particularly suitable for light-trapping because such an array has a wide resonance peak, covering the wavelength range of 700-900 nm, important for poly-Si solar cell performance. The nanoparticle array can only be located on the rear poly-Si cell surface thus avoiding destructive interference between incident and scattered light which occurs for front-located nanoparticles 9. Moreover, poly-Si thin-film cells do not requires a passivating layer and the flat base-shaped nanoparticles (that naturally result from thermal annealing of a metal film) can be directly placed on silicon further increases plasmonic scattering efficiency due to surface plasmon-polariton resonance 10.
The cell with the plasmonic nanoparticle array as described above can have a photocurrent about 28% higher than the original cell. However, the array still transmits a significant amount of light which escapes through the rear of the cell and does not contribute into the current. This loss can be mitigated by adding a rear reflector to allow catching transmitted light and re-directing it back to the cell. Providing sufficient distance between the reflector and the nanoparticles (a few hundred nanometers) the reflected light will then experience one more plasmonic scattering event while passing through the nanoparticle array on re-entering the cell and the reflector itself can be made diffuse - both effects further facilitating light scattering and hence light-trapping. Importantly, the Ag nanoparticles have to be encapsulated with an inert and low refractive index dielectric, like MgF2 or SiO2, from the rear reflector to avoid mechanical and chemical damage 7. Low refractive index for this cladding layer is required to maintain a high coupling fraction into silicon and larger scattering angles, which are ensured by the high optical contrast between the media on both sides of the nanoparticle, silicon and dielectric 6. The photocurrent of the plasmonic cell with the diffuse rear reflector can be up to 45% higher than the current of the original cell or up to 25% higher than the current of an equivalent cell with the diffuse reflector only.

Polycrystalline silicon thin-film solar cells on glass are fabricated by deposition of boron and phosphorous doped silicon layers followed by crystallisation, defect passivation and metallisation. Plasmonic light-trapping is introduced by forming Ag nanoparticles on the silicon cell surface capped with a diffused reflector resulting in ~45% photocurrent enhancement.

多晶硅薄膜太阳能电池电浆增强光捕获

One of major approaches to cheaper solar cells is reducing the amount of semiconductor material used for their fabrication and making cells thinner. To ...

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工程学

Detection and Recovery of Palladium, Gold and Cobalt Metals from the Urban Mine Using Novel Sensors/Adsorbents Designated with Nanoscale Wagon-wheel-shaped Pores

Developing low-cost, efficient processes for recovering and recycling palladium, gold and cobalt metals from urban mine remains a significant challenge in industrialized countries. Here, the development of optical mesosensors/adsorbents (MSAs) for efficient recognition and selective recovery of Pd(II), Au(III), and Co(II) from urban mine was achieved. A simple, general method for preparing MSAs based on using high-order mesoporous monolithic scaffolds was described. Hierarchical cubic Ia3d wagon-wheel-shaped MSAs were fabricated by anchoring chelating agents (colorants) into three-dimensional pores and micrometric particle surfaces of the mesoporous monolithic scaffolds. Findings show, for the first time, evidence of controlled optical recognition of Pd(II), Au(III), and Co(II) ions and a highly selective system for recovery of Pd(II) ions (up to ~95%) in ores and industrial wastes. Furthermore, the controlled assessment processes described herein involve evaluation of intrinsic properties (e.g., visual signal change, long-term stability, adsorption efficiency, extraordinary sensitivity, selectivity, and reusability); thus, expensive, sophisticated instruments are not required. Results show evidence that MSAs will attract worldwide attention as a promising technological means of recovering and recycling palladium, gold and cobalt metals.

Because of the importance and extensive use of palladium, gold and cobalt metals in high-technology equipment, their recovery and recycling constitute an important industrial challenge. The metal recovery system described herein is a simple, low-cost means for the effective detection, removal, and recovery of these metals from the urban mine.

检测和钯的回收，从城市矿山黄金和钴金属使用标有纳米货车车轮形的孔隙新型传感器/吸附剂

Developing low-cost, efficient processes for recovering and recycling palladium, gold and cobalt metals from urban mine remains a significant challenge in ...

Speciation and Bioavailability Measurements of Environmental Plutonium Using Diffusion in Thin Films

The biological uptake of plutonium (Pu) in aquatic ecosystems is of particular concern since it is an alpha-particle emitter with long half-life which can potentially contribute to the exposure of biota and humans. The diffusive gradients in thin films technique is introduced here for in-situ measurements of Pu bioavailability and speciation. A diffusion cell constructed for laboratory experiments with Pu and the newly developed protocol make it possible to simulate the environmental behavior of Pu in model solutions of various chemical compositions. Adjustment of the oxidation states to Pu(IV) and Pu(V) described in this protocol is essential in order to investigate the complex redox chemistry of plutonium in the environment. The calibration of this technique and the results obtained in the laboratory experiments enable to develop a specific DGT device for in-situ Pu measurements in freshwaters. Accelerator-based mass-spectrometry measurements of Pu accumulated by DGTs in a karst spring allowed determining the bioavailability of Pu in a mineral freshwater environment. Application of this protocol for Pu measurements using DGT devices has a large potential to improve our understanding of the speciation and the biological transfer of Pu in aquatic ecosystems.

The technique of diffusive gradients in thin films (DGT) is proposed for speciation studies of plutonium. This protocol describes diffusion experiments probing the behavior of Pu(IV) and Pu(V) in presence of organic matter. DGTs deployed in a karstic spring allow assessment of the bioavailability of Pu.

环境钚的薄膜弥散形态和生物利用度测量

The biological uptake of plutonium (Pu) in aquatic ecosystems is of particular concern since it is an alpha-particle emitter with long half-life which can ...

Fabrication of Low Temperature Carbon Nanotube Vertical Interconnects Compatible with Semiconductor Technology

We demonstrate a method for the low temperature growth (350 &#176;C) of vertically-aligned carbon nanotubes (CNT) bundles on electrically conductive thin-films. Due to the low growth temperature, the process allows integration with modern low-&#954; dielectrics and some flexible substrates. The process is compatible with standard semiconductor fabrication, and a method for the fabrication of electrical 4-point probe test structures for vertical interconnect test structures is presented. Using scanning electron microscopy the morphology of the CNT bundles is investigated, which demonstrates vertical alignment of the CNT and can be used to tune the CNT growth time. With Raman spectroscopy the crystallinity of the CNT is investigated. It was found that the CNT have many defects, due to the low growth temperature. The electrical current-voltage measurements of the test vertical interconnects displays a linear response, indicating good ohmic contact was achieved between the CNT bundle and the top and bottom metal electrodes. The obtained resistivities of the CNT bundle are among the average values in the literature, while a record-low CNT growth temperature was used.

A method for the growth of low temperature vertically-aligned carbon nanotubes, and the subsequent fabrication of vertical interconnect electrical test structures using semiconductor fabrication is presented.

低温碳纳米管垂直互连的制作兼容半导体技术

We demonstrate a method for the low temperature growth (350 &#176;C) of vertically-aligned carbon nanotubes (CNT) bundles on electrically conductive ...

A Fabrication Method for Highly Stretchable Conductors with Silver Nanowires

Stretchable electronics are identified as a key technology for electronic applications in the next generation. One of the challenges in fabrication of stretchable electronic devices is the preparation of stretchable conductors with great mechanical stability. In this study, we developed a simple fabrication method to chemically solder the contact points between silver nanowire (AgNW) networks. AgNW nanomesh was first deposited on a glass slide via spray coating method. A reactive ink composed of silver nanoparticle (AgNPs) precursors was applied over the spray coated AgNW thin films. After heating for 40 min, AgNPs were preferentially generated over the nanowire junctions to solder the AgNW nanomesh, and reinforced the conducting network. The chemically modified AgNW thin film was then transferred to polyurethane (PU) substrates by casting method. The soldered AgNW thin films on PU exhibited no obvious change in electrical conductivity under stretching or rolling process with elongation strains up to 120%.

A simple synthesis method is used to chemically solder silver nanowire thin film to fabricate highly stretchable and conductive metal conductors.

对于高伸缩的导线与银纳米线制作方法

Stretchable electronics are identified as a key technology for electronic applications in the next generation. One of the challenges in fabrication of ...

Capillary-based Centrifugal Microfluidic Device for Size-controllable Formation of Monodisperse Microdroplets

Here, we demonstrate a simple method for the rapid production of size-controllable, monodisperse, W/O microdroplets using a capillary-based centrifugal microfluidic device. W/O microdroplets have recently been used in powerful methods that enable miniaturized chemical experiments. Therefore, developing a versatile method to yield monodisperse W/O microdroplets is needed. We have developed a method for generating monodisperse W/O microdroplets based on a capillary-based centrifugal axisymmetric co-flowing microfluidic device. We succeeded in controlling the size of microdroplets by adjusting the capillary orifice. Our method requires equipment that is easier-to-use than with other microfluidic techniques, requires only a small volume (0.1-1 &#181;l) of sample solution for encapsulation, and enables the production of hundreds of thousands number of W/O microdroplets per second. We expect this method will assist biological studies that require precious biological samples by conserving the volume of the samples for rapid quantitative analysis biochemical and biological studies.

Here, we demonstrate a simple production method for size-controllable, monodisperse, water-in-oil (W/O) microdroplets using a capillary-based centrifugal microfluidic device. This method requires only a small sample volume and enables high-yield production. We expect this method will be useful for rapid biochemical and cellular analyses.

基于毛细管的离心微流体装置单分散微滴的大小可控的形成

Here, we demonstrate a simple method for the rapid production of size-controllable, monodisperse, W/O microdroplets using a capillary-based centrifugal ...

Fabrication of White Light-emitting Electrochemical Cells with Stable Emission from Exciplexes

The authors present an approach for fabricating stable white light emission from polymer light-emitting electrochemical cells (PLECs) having an active layer which consists of blue-fluorescent poly(9,9-di-n-dodecylfluorenyl-2,7-diyl) (PFD) and &#960;-conjugated triphenylamine molecules. This white light emission originates from exciplexes formed between PFD and amines in electronically excited states. A device containing PFD, 4,4&#39;,4&#39;&#39;-tris[2-naphthyl(phenyl)amino]triphenylamine (2-TNATA), Poly(ethylene oxide) and K2CF3SO3 showed white light emission with Commission internationale de l&#39;&#233;clairage (CIE) coordinates of (0.33, 0.43) and a Color Rendering Index (CRI) of Ra = 73 at an applied voltage of 3.5 V. Constant voltage measurements showed that the CIE coordinates of (0.27, 0.37), Ra of 67, and the emission color observed immediately after application of a voltage of 5 V were nearly unchanged and stable after 300 sec.

The authors present a method for fabricating stable white-light-emitting electrochemical cells utilizing emission from exciplexes formed between a blue-emitting fluorene polymer and aromatic amines.

白的制造发光电化学细胞与来自激发络合物稳定的发射

The authors present an approach for fabricating stable white light emission from polymer light-emitting electrochemical cells (PLECs) having an active ...

In Situ Monitoring of the Accelerated Performance Degradation of Solar Cells and Modules: A Case Study for Cu(In,Ga)Se2 Solar Cells

The levelized cost of electricity (LCOE) of photovoltaic (PV) systems is determined by, among other factors, the PV module reliability. Better prediction of degradation mechanisms and prevention of module field failure can consequently decrease investment risks as well as increase the electricity yield. An improved knowledge level can for these reasons significantly decrease the total costs of PV electricity. 
In order to better understand and minimize the degradation of PV modules, the occurring degradation mechanisms and conditions should be identified. This should preferably happen under combined stresses, since modules in the field are also simultaneously exposed to multiple stress factors. Therefore, two 'Combined Stress test with in situ measurement' setups have been designed and constructed. These setups allow the simultaneous use of humidity, temperature, illumination, and electrical biases as independently controlled stress factors on solar cells and minimodules. The setups also allow real-time monitoring of the electrical properties of these samples. This protocol presents these setups and describes the experimental possibilities. Moreover, results obtained with these setups are also presented: various examples about the influence of both deposition and degradation conditions on the stability of thin film Cu(In,Ga)Se2 (CIGS) as well as Cu2ZnSnSe4 (CZTS) solar cells are described. Results on the temperature dependency of CIGS solar cells are also presented.

In Situ Monitoring of the Accelerated Performance Degradation of Solar Cells and Modules: A Case Study for CuIn,GaSe2 Solar Cells

Two &#39;Combined Stress test with in situ measurement&#39; setups, which allow real-time monitoring of accelerated degradation of solar cells and modules, were designed and constructed. These setups allow the simultaneous use of humidity, temperature, electrical biases, and illumination as independently controlled stress factors. The setups and various experiments executed are presented.

就地太阳能电池和模块加速性能退化的监测: 铜 (in, Ga) Se2太阳能电池的实例研究

The levelized cost of electricity (LCOE) of photovoltaic (PV) systems is determined by, among other factors, the PV module reliability. Better prediction ...

Fabrication of Periodic Gold Nanocup Arrays Using Colloidal Lithography

Within recent years, the field of plasmonics has exploded as researchers have demonstrated exciting applications related to chemical and optical sensing in combination with new nanofabrication techniques. A plasmon is a quantum of charge density oscillation that lends nanoscale metals such as gold and silver unique optical properties. In particular, gold and silver nanoparticles exhibit localized surface plasmon resonances-collective charge density oscillations on the surface of the nanoparticle-in the visible spectrum. Here, we focus on the fabrication of periodic arrays of anisotropic plasmonic nanostructures. These half-shell (or nanocup) structures can exhibit additional unique light-bending and polarization-dependent optical properties that simple isotropic nanostructures cannot. Researchers are interested in the fabrication of periodic arrays of nanocups for a wide variety of applications such as low-cost optical devices, surface-enhanced Raman scattering, and tamper indication. We present a scalable technique based on colloidal lithography in which it is possible to easily fabricate large periodic arrays of nanocups using spin-coating and self-assembled commercially available polymeric nanospheres. Electron microscopy and optical spectroscopy from the visible to near-infrared (near-IR) was performed to confirm successful nanocup fabrication. We conclude with a demonstration of the transfer of nanocups to a flexible, conformal adhesive film.

We demonstrate the fabrication of periodic gold nanocup arrays using colloidal lithographic techniques and discuss the importance of nanoplasmonic films.

用胶体光刻制备周期性金 Nanocup 阵列

Within recent years, the field of plasmonics has exploded as researchers have demonstrated exciting applications related to chemical and optical sensing ...

Fabrication of Ultra-thin Color Films with Highly Absorbing Media Using Oblique Angle Deposition

Ultra-thin film structures have been studied extensively for use as optical coatings, but performance and fabrication challenges remain.&#160; We present an advanced method for fabricating ultra-thin color films with improved characteristics. The proposed process addresses several fabrication issues, including large area processing. Specifically, the protocol describes a process for fabricating ultra-thin color films using an electron beam evaporator for oblique angle deposition of germanium (Ge) and gold (Au) on silicon (Si) substrates.&#160; Film porosity produced by the oblique angle deposition induces color changes in the ultra-thin film. The degree of color change depends on factors such as deposition angle and film thickness. Fabricated samples of the ultra-thin color films showed improved color tunability and color purity. In addition, the measured reflectance of the fabricated samples was converted into chromatic values and analyzed in terms of color. Our ultra-thin film fabricating method is expected to be used for various ultra-thin film applications such as flexible color electrodes, thin film solar cells, and optical filters. Also, the process developed here for analyzing the color of the fabricated samples is broadly useful for studying various color structures.

We present a detailed method for fabricating ultra-thin color films with improved characteristics for optical coatings. The oblique angle deposition technique using an electron beam evaporator allows improved color tunability and purity. Fabricated films of Ge and Au on Si substrates were analyzed by reflectance measurements and color information conversion.

用斜角沉积法制备高吸收介质的超薄彩色薄膜

Ultra-thin film structures have been studied extensively for use as optical coatings, but performance and fabrication challenges remain.&#160; We present ...