这项工作是由卫生赠款R56-HL095498，R01-HL-095498（公元），R01-HL128406，优点评论奖I01-BX002336从退伍军人事务医学实验室研究的美国能源部的国家机构，并支持部分发展计划（公元），外科OHSE奖的耶鲁大学部（公元），一萨诺夫心血管基金会奖学金（到JMS），并通过资源和退伍军人事务部康涅狄格卫生保健系统（西黑文，CT使用的设施）。牛心包补片慷慨勒梅特Vascular公司（伯灵顿，MA）提供。

必须获得批准相应的机构动物护理和使用委员会，表明您的协议跟随你的机构的动物伦理委员会的指导方针。 1.麻醉和手术前的程序<ol><li>麻醉雄性Wistar大鼠，体重约200克，用汽化3％异氟醚和1升/分钟氧气给予到丙烯酸感应腔室。 </li><li>通过缺乏反应脚趾和尾巴捏确认足够的麻醉。放置在眼睛软膏，以防止干燥，而动物麻醉下。连续吸入3％异氟醚 - 定位在整形手术板每只大鼠仰卧和定位一个硅胶面具交付蒸发2。无人看管，直到它已经恢复了足够的意识，以保持胸骨斜卧不要让动物。 </li><li>而戴无菌手套，用毛发去除去除腹部腹面头发。 Buprenorphine，皮下或腹膜内，经常在这点上给出。 </li></ol> 2.手术过程<ol><li> 补丁venoplasty <ol><li>手术前，修剪使用microscissor到3 x 1.5毫米×0.6毫米规格的牛心包补片。浸泡在10ml无菌盐水的贴剂用于在细胞培养皿5分钟。 </li><li>根据你的机构协议与局部消毒剂准备切口部位，并应用手术单。使用无菌手套和工具，以在整个手术保持无菌操作。局部麻醉可注入计划皮肤切口的部位。 </li><li>使用手术刀，使从剑突只是耻骨上方的水平延伸中线腹部切口。 </li><li>插入的牵开器以及从朝向右侧腹腔剔骨所有肠子。裹肠纱布用盐水浸湿。 </li><li>揭露我nfrarenal腔静脉（IVC）。补丁植入位置低于肾静脉的原点的水平大约为2毫米;解剖IVC免费在这个网站。结扎并用尼龙6-0缝线这个级别划分的所有腰椎和支流的静脉。 </li><li>放置两个显微夹子穿过近端和远端infarenal IVC两者。通过刺穿IVC前壁执行与地下25针venotomy，然后将其扩展到使用剪刀（ 图1A）约3毫米。 </li><li>与使用补丁的运行或中断10-0尼龙缝合线（ 图1B）关闭venotomy。 </li><li>完成venoplasty关闭。先取下远端钳夹发泄补丁，然后取下夹子近端恢复血流到下腔静脉。 </li><li>通过不压缩观察30秒，确认止血。返回肠子其自然的位置。用连续缝合按照批准的动物协议关闭腹部。 </li></ol></li><li> 修补成形术 <ol><li>手术前，修剪使用microscissor到3 x 1.5毫米×0.6毫米规格的牛心包补片。浸泡在消毒液。 </li><li>准备切口部位有局部消毒剂和应用手术单。使用无菌手套和工具，以在整个手术保持无菌操作。 </li><li>使用手术刀，使从剑突只是耻骨上方的水平延伸中线腹部切口。 </li><li>插入的牵开器以及从朝向右侧腹腔剔骨所有肠子。裹肠纱布用盐水浸湿。 </li><li>暴露主动脉。补丁植入位置低于肾动脉的原点的水平大约为2毫米;剖析免费在这个网站的主动脉。结扎并用尼龙6-0缝线这个级别划分的所有腰动脉。 </li><li>夹紧下腹主动脉。使用地下25针履行puncturi动脉切口纳克主动脉的前壁，然后将其扩展到大约3使用毫米剪刀（ 图1C）。 </li><li>使用运行10-0尼龙缝合线（ 图1D）补丁关闭动脉切开术。完成成形术关闭。先取下远端钳夹发泄补丁，然后取下夹子近端恢复血流到主动脉。 </li><li>通过不压缩观察30秒，确认止血。返回肠子其自然的位置。用连续缝合按照批准的动物协议关闭腹部。 </li></ol></li></ol> 3.手术后的程序<ol><li>腹部闭合后，停止麻醉。申请术后护理，包括镇痛和伤口护理，根据由机构动物护理和使用委员会推荐的指令。 </li><li>镇痛，丁丙诺啡使用0.1毫克/公斤肌注不超过每12小时小于24小时跟随ING的外科手术。检查动物的状态，每天在动物房，确保了围手术期适当的恢复以及对术后疼痛适当治疗。不要返回已动过手术，以公司的其他动物，直到它已经完全康复的动物。 </li></ol><style type="text/css">p.p1 {margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; font: 12.0px Helvetica}
</style><style type="text/css">p.p1 {margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; font: 12.0px Helvetic
</style>

<ol>
	<li>Muto, A., Nishibe, T., Dardik, H., Dardik, A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Patches+for+carotid+artery+endarterectomy:+current+materials+and+prospects.">Patches for carotid artery endarterectomy: current materials and prospects.</a> J Vasc Surg. 50 (1), 206-213 (2009).</li><li>Li, X., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Current+usage+and+future+directions+for+the+bovine+pericardial+patch.">Current usage and future directions for the bovine pericardial patch.</a> Ann Vasc Surg. 25 (4), 561-568 (2011).</li><li>Biasi, G. M., Sternjakob, S., Mingazzini, P. M., Ferrari, S. A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Nine-year+experience+of+bovine+pericardium+patch+angioplasty+during+carotid+endarterectomy.">Nine-year experience of bovine pericardium patch angioplasty during carotid endarterectomy.</a> J Vasc Surg. 36 (2), 271-277 (2002).</li><li>Papakostas, J. C., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Use+of+the+vascu-guard+bovine+pericardium+patch+for+arteriotomy+closure+in+carotid+endarterectomy.+Early+and+long-term+results.">Use of the vascu-guard bovine pericardium patch for arteriotomy closure in carotid endarterectomy. Early and long-term results.</a> Ann Vasc Surg. 28 (5), 1213-1218 (2014).</li><li>Ohwada, S., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Glutaraldehyde-fixed+heterologous+pericardium+for+vena+cava+grafting+following+hepatectomy.">Glutaraldehyde-fixed heterologous pericardium for vena cava grafting following hepatectomy.</a> Hepatogastroenterology. 46 (26), 855-858 (1999).</li><li>Mori, A., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Standard+hepatic+vein+reconstruction+with+patch+plasty+using+the+native+portal+vein+in+adult+living+donor+liver+transplantation.">Standard hepatic vein reconstruction with patch plasty using the native portal vein in adult living donor liver transplantation.</a> Liver Transpl. 18 (5), 602-607 (2012).</li><li>Bai, H., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Pericardial+patch+venoplasty+heals+via+attraction+of+venous+progenitor+cells.">Pericardial patch venoplasty heals via attraction of venous progenitor cells.</a> Physiological Reports. 4 (12), (2016).</li><li>Li, X., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Pericardial+patch+angioplasty+heals+via+an+Ephrin-B2+and+CD34+positive+cell+mediated+mechanism.">Pericardial patch angioplasty heals via an Ephrin-B2 and CD34 positive cell mediated mechanism.</a> PLoS One. 7 (6), 38844 (2012).</li><li>Bai, H., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Pretreatment+of+pericardial+patches+with+antibiotics+does+not+alter+patch+healing+in+vivo.">Pretreatment of pericardial patches with antibiotics does not alter patch healing in vivo.</a> J Vasc Surg. 63 (4), 1063-1073 (2016).</li><li>Muto, A., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Eph-B4+prevents+venous+adaptive+remodeling+in+the+adult+arterial+environment.">Eph-B4 prevents venous adaptive remodeling in the adult arterial environment.</a> J Exp Med. 208 (3), 561-575 (2011).</li></ol>

The authors have nothing to disclose.

我们描述了可以在任一静脉或动脉中使用的一个老鼠血管补片的模式，创造了一个补丁venoplasty或修补成形术，分别。使用这种心包补片模型中，我们在大鼠下腔静脉venoplasty相比主动脉动脉成形术（ 图2）7,8表明侵略性和稳定新生内膜增生。 一些技术方面的显着。在主动脉动脉成形术，它是重要的缝线是紧和足够的数量...

血管外科医生通常靠近血管心包修补程序，无论是牛或猪，以减少再狭窄1,2的风险。在动脉手术，心包补片成形术相比降低的初级闭合3,4再狭窄率。补丁venoplasty也同样进行收脉，虽然不经常相比，动脉程序5，6时。补丁典型培养他们的管腔表面上内膜增生;然而，新内膜形成的机理仍不清楚，特别是在的动脉和静脉的环境之间的新内膜形成的差异的比较。我们以前表明，心包修补吸引在动脉和静脉的环境和静脉血管补片既祖细胞显示多ggressive内膜形成相比于动脉斑块7,8如。 在这项研究中，我们描述心包补片成形术是共同的闭既静脉和动脉和大鼠模型可用于研究新内膜形成;这种方法是在人类患者中常用的手术技术的小动物模型。大鼠模型比小鼠模型直径较大，有利于手术的技术方面和改进模型的学习曲线。

<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="523">
	<tbody>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">Bovine pericardial patch</td>
			<td colspan="2" style="width:307px;">LeMaitre Vascular</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Vascular clamp</td>
			<td>Roboz Surgical Instrument Co.</td>
			<td>RS-5424</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Clamp applying forceps</td>
			<td>Roboz Surgical Instrument Co</td>
			<td>RS-5410</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">10-0 Prolene suture</td>
			<td>Arosurgical Co.</td>
			<td>T05A10N10-13</td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

patch angioplasty in the rat aorta or inferior vena cava

心包修补血管外科常用来缝合血管。为了方便，关于贴片形成新内膜增生的研究中，我们开发了可在任一静脉或动脉中使用血管补片的大鼠模型，创建一个补丁venoplasty或贴剂成形术，分别。这个模型的技术问题进行了讨论。的红外肾IVC或主动脉解剖，然后夹紧近端和远端。 3毫米venotomy或动脉切开术是在6下腹下腔静脉或主动脉至8周龄Wistar大鼠进行。然后，牛心包补片（3 x 1.5毫米×0.6 mm）需使用用10-0尼龙缝合关闭网站。相比动脉斑块，静脉贴剂显示在术后7天增加内膜厚度这种新颖的心包修补血管成形术的模型可用于研究对血管的生物材料内膜增生，以及对动脉和静脉之间的差别比较环境。

修补成形术之后，出现了无论是在静脉（42例）或动脉（N = 24）的补丁组无血栓形成。生存在第7天，两组与任一静脉或动脉补丁率为100％。 补丁收获第7天，并用苏木精和曙红染色，并如先前所述7进行比较的新内膜厚度。因为贴片和内膜之间的不同形态差异的，这是很容易区别的新内膜。在静脉补丁，有厚的新内膜上?...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Patch Angioplasty in the Rat Aorta or Inferior Vena Cava at JoVE.com

Patch Angioplasty in the Rat Aorta or Inferior Vena Cava

We have established a model of pericardial patch angioplasty that can be used in either small-diameter veins or arteries. This model can be used to compare venous and arterial neointimal hyperplasia formation.

血管补片在大鼠主动脉和下腔静脉

Pericardial patches are commonly used in vascular surgery to close vessels. To facilitate studies of the neointimal hyperplasia that forms on the patch, ...

patch-angioplasty-in-the-rat-aorta-or-inferior-vena-cava

Research

JoVE Journal

Medicine

10.5K 次观看.  Yale University. We have established a model of pericardial patch angioplasty that can be used in either small-diameter veins or arteries. This model can be used to compare venous and arterial neointimal hyperplasia formation.

视频: Patch Angioplasty in the Rat Aorta or Inferior Vena Cava

Hyperinsulinemic-Euglycemic Clamp in the Conscious Rat

Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is rapidly rising in prevalence. Characterized by either inadequate insulin production or the inability to utilize insulin produced, T2D results in elevated blood glucose levels. The "gold-standard" in assessing insulin sensitivity is a hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp or insulin clamp. In this procedure, insulin is infused at a constant rate resulting in a drop in blood glucose. To maintain blood glucose at a constant level, exogenous glucose (D50) is infused into the venous circulation. The amount of glucose infused to maintain homeostasis is indicative of insulin sensitivity. Here, we show the basic clamp procedure in the chronically catheterized, unrestrained, conscious rat. This model allows blood to be collected with minimal stress to the animal. Following the induction of anesthesia, a midline incision is made and the left common carotid artery and right jugular vein are catheterized. Inserted catheters are flushed with heparinized saline, then exteriorized and secured. Animals are allowed to recover for 4-5 days prior to experiments, with weight gain monitored daily. Only those animals who regain weight to pre-surgery levels are used for experiments. On the day of the experiment, rats are fasted and connected to pumps containing insulin and D50. Baseline glucose is assessed from the arterial line and used a benchmark throughout the experiment (euglycemia). Following this, insulin is infused at a constant rate into the venous circulation. To match the drop in blood glucose, D50 is infused. If the rate of D50 infusion is greater than the rate of uptake, a rise in glucose will occur. Similarly, if the rate is insufficient to match whole body glucose uptake, a drop will occur. Titration of glucose continues until stable glucose readings are achieved. Glucose levels and glucose infusion rates during this stable period are recorded and reported. Results provide an index of whole body insulin sensitivity. The technique can be refined to meet specific experimental requirements. It is further enhanced by the use of radioactive tracers that can determine tissue specific insulin-stimulated glucose uptake as well as whole body glucose turnover.

The hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp is the "gold standard" for the assessment of insulin action. Insulin is infused at a constant rate stimulating glucose uptake. The amount of exogenous glucose infused to counter this drop is indicative of insulin sensitivity. Here the procedure is performed on a conscious, unrestrained rat.

在自觉大鼠高胰岛素 - 正常血糖钳

Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is rapidly rising in prevalence. Characterized by either inadequate insulin production or the inability to utilize insulin produced, ...

科研

医学

Electrolytic Inferior Vena Cava Model (EIM) of Venous Thrombosis

Animal models serve a vital role in deep venous thrombosis (DVT) research in order to study thrombus formation, thrombus resolution and to test potential therapeutic compounds (1). New compounds to be utilized in the treatment and prevention of DVT are currently being developed. The delivery of potential therapeutic antagonist compounds to an affected thrombosed vein has been problematic. In the context of therapeutic applications, a model that uses partial stasis and consistently generates thrombi within a major vein has been recently established. The Electrolytic Inferior vena cava Model (EIM) is mouse model of DVT that permits thrombus formation in the presence of continuous blood flow. This model allows therapeutic agents to be in contact with the thrombus in a dynamic fashion, and is more sensitive than other models of DVT (1). In addition, this thrombosis model closely simulates clinical situations of thrombus formation and is ideal to study venous endothelial cell activation, leukocyte migration, venous thrombogenesis, and to test therapeutic applications (1). The EIM model is technically simple, easily reproducible, creates consistent thrombi sizes and allows for a large sample (i.e. thrombus and vein wall) which is required for analytical purposes.

Electrolytic Inferior Vena Cava Model EIM of Venous Thrombosis

The electrolytic induction of endothelial activation to the internal surface of the Inferior Vena Cava results in venous type thrombus formation due to endothelial activation and partial blood stasis, two components of Virchow's triad.

电解下腔静脉静脉血栓形成的模型（EIM）

Animal models serve a vital role in deep venous thrombosis (DVT) research in order to study thrombus formation, thrombus resolution and to test potential ...

Mouse Complete Stasis Model of Inferior Vena Cava Thrombosis

Venous thromboembolism (VTE) includes both deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and pulmonary embolism (PE). In the United States (U.S.), the high morbidity and mortality rates make VTE a serious health concern 1-2. After heart disease and stroke, VTE is the third most common vascular disease 3. In the U.S. alone, there is an estimated 900,000 people affected each year, with 300,000 deaths occurring annually 3. A reliable in vivo animal model to study the mechanisms of this disease is necessary.
The advantages of using the mouse complete stasis model of inferior vena cava thrombosis are several. The mouse model allows for the administration of very small volumes of limited availability test agents, reducing costs dramatically. Most promising is the potential for mice with gene knockouts that allow specific inflammatory and coagulation factor functions to be delineated. Current molecular assays allow for the quantitation of vein wall, thrombus, whole blood, and plasma for assays. However, a major concern involving this model is the operative size constraints and the friability of the vessels. Also, due to the small IVC sample weight (mean 0.005 grams) it is necessary to increase animal numbers for accurate statistical analysis for tissue, thrombus, and blood assays such as real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), western blot, enzyme-linked immunosorbent (ELISA), zymography, vein wall and thrombus cellular analysis, and whole blood and plasma assays 4-8.
The major disadvantage with the stasis model is that the lack of blood flow inhibits the maximal effect of administered systemic therapeutic agents on the thrombus and vein wall.

The mouse complete stasis model of inferior vena cava thrombosis yields quantifiable amounts of vein wall tissue and thrombus. It has proven useful for evaluating interactions between the vein wall and the occlusive thrombus and in assessing the progression from acute to chronic inflammation.

鼠标完成血瘀模型的下腔静脉血栓

Venous thromboembolism (VTE) includes both deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and pulmonary embolism (PE).  In the United States (U.S.), the high morbidity and ...

Angiogenesis in the Ischemic Rat Lung

The adult lung is perfused by both the systemic bronchial artery and the entire venous return flowing through the pulmonary arteries. In most lung pathologies, it is the smaller systemic vasculature that responds to a need for enhanced lung perfusion and shows robust neovascularization. Pulmonary vascular ischemia induced by pulmonary artery obstruction has been shown to result in rapid systemic arterial angiogenesis in man as well as in several animal models. Although the histologic assessment of the time course of bronchial artery proliferation in rats was carefully described by Weibel 1, mechanisms responsible for this organized growth of new vessels are not clear. We provide surgical details of inducing left pulmonary artery ischemia in the rat that leads to bronchial neovascularization. Quantification of the extent of angiogenesis presents an additional challenge due to the presence of the two vascular beds within the lung. Methods to determine functional angiogenesis based on labeled microsphere injections are provided.

The lung is perfused by both the systemic bronchial artery and pulmonary arteries. In most lung pathologies, it is the smaller systemic vasculature that shows robust neovascularization. Cessation of pulmonary blood flow promotes brisk bronchial angiogenesis. We provide surgical details of inducing left pulmonary artery ischemia that promotes bronchial neovascularization.

在缺血大鼠肺的血管生成

The  adult lung is perfused by both the systemic bronchial artery and the entire  venous return flowing through the pulmonary arteries. In most lung ...

Implantation of Inferior Vena Cava Interposition Graft in Mouse Model

Biodegradable scaffolds seeded with bone marrow mononuclear cells (BMCs) are often used for reconstructive surgery to treat congenital cardiac anomalies. The long-term clinical results showed excellent patency rates, however, with significant incidence of stenosis. To investigate the cellular and molecular mechanisms of vascular neotissue formation and prevent stenosis development in tissue engineered vascular grafts (TEVGs), we developed a mouse model of the graft with approximately 1 mm internal diameter. First, the TEVGs were assembled from biodegradable tubular scaffolds fabricated from a polyglycolic acid nonwoven felt mesh coated with &#949;-caprolactone and L-lactide copolymer. The scaffolds were then placed in a lyophilizer, vacuumed for 24 hr, and stored in a desiccator until cell seeding. Second, bone marrow was collected from donor mice and mononuclear cells were isolated by density gradient centrifugation. Third, approximately one million cells were seeded on a scaffold and incubated O/N. Finally, the seeded scaffolds were then implanted as infrarenal vena cava interposition grafts in C57BL/6 mice. The implanted grafts demonstrated excellent patency (&#62;90%) without evidence of thromboembolic complications or aneurysmal formation. This murine model will aid us in understanding and quantifying the cellular and molecular mechanisms of neotissue formation in the TEVG.

To improve our knowledge of cellular and molecular neotissue formation, a murine model of the TEVG was recently developed. The grafts were implanted as infrarenal vena cava interposition grafts in C57BL/6 mice. This model achieves similar results to those achieved in our clinical investigation, but over a far shortened time-course.

下腔静脉间置移植物在小鼠模型中植入

Biodegradable scaffolds seeded with bone marrow mononuclear cells (BMCs) are often used for reconstructive surgery to treat congenital cardiac anomalies. ...

Scleral Cross-linking Using Riboflavin and Ultraviolet-A Radiation for Prevention of Axial Myopia in a Rabbit Model

Myopic individuals, especially those with severe myopia, are at higher-than-normal risk of cataract, glaucoma, retinal detachment and chorioretinal abnormalities. In addition, pathological myopia is a common irreversible cause of visual impairment and blindness1-3. Our study demonstrates the effect of scleral crosslinking using riboflavin and ultraviolet-A radiation on the development of axial myopia in a rabbit model. The axial length of the eyeball was measured by A-scan ultrasound in New Zealand white rabbits aged 13 days (male and female). The eye then underwent 360&#176; conjunctival peritomy with scleral crosslinking, followed by tarsorrhaphy. Axial elongation was induced in 13 day-old New Zealand rabbits by suturing their right eye eyelids (tarsorrhaphy). The eyes were divided into quadrants, and every quadrant had two scleral irradiation zones, each with an area of 0.2 cm&#178; and a radius of 4 mm. Crosslinking was performed by dropping 0.1% dextran-free riboflavin-5-phosphate onto the irradiation zones 20 sec before ultraviolet-A irradiation and every 20 sec during the 200 sec irradiation time. UVA radiation (370 nm) was applied perpendicular to the sclera at 57 mW/cm&#178; (total UVA light dose, 57 J/cm&#178;). Tarsorrhaphies were removed on day 55, followed by repeated axial length measurements. This study demonstrates that scleral crosslinking with riboflavin and ultraviolet-A radiation effectively prevents occlusion-induced axial elongation in a rabbit model.

We demonstrate the effect of scleral crosslinking with riboflavin and UVA on an axial elongation rabbit eye. Axial elongation was induced in 13 day-old New Zealand rabbits (male and female) by suturing their right eye eyelids (tarsorrhaphy).

巩膜交联兔模型使用核黄素和紫外辐射的轴性近视防治

Myopic individuals, especially those with severe myopia, are at higher-than-normal risk of cataract, glaucoma, retinal detachment and chorioretinal ...

A Model of Cardiac Remodeling Through Constriction of the Abdominal Aorta in Rats

Heart failure is one of the leading causes of death worldwide. It is a complex clinical syndromethat includes fatigue, dyspnea, exercise intolerance, and fluid retention. Changes in myocardial structure, electrical conduction, and energy metabolism develop with heart failure, leading to contractile dysfunction, increased risk of arrhythmias, and sudden death. Hypertensive heart disease is one of the key contributing factors of cardiac remodeling associated with heart failure. The most commonly-used animal model mimicking hypertensive heart disease is created via surgical interventions, such as by narrowing the aorta. Abdominal aortic constriction is a useful experimental technique to induce a pressure overload, which leads to heart failure. The surgery can be easily performed, without the need for chest opening or mechanical ventilation. Abdominal aortic constriction-induced cardiac pathology progresses gradually, making this model relevant to clinical hypertensive heart failure. Cardiac injury and remodeling can be observed 10 weeks after the surgery. The method described here provides a simple and effective approach to produce a hypertensive heart disease animal model that is suitable for studying disease mechanisms and for testing novel therapeutics.

A rat model of abdominal aortic constriction that induces cardiac hypertrophy and remodeling is described. An efficient, highly-reproducible, and minimally-invasive method is used to provide a simple yet useful platform for research in myocardial hypertrophy and dysfunction.

心脏重构通过大鼠腹主动脉缩窄的模型

Heart failure is one of the leading causes of death worldwide. It is a complex clinical syndromethat includes fatigue, dyspnea, exercise intolerance, and ...

Balloon-based Injury to Induce Myointimal Hyperplasia in the Mouse Abdominal Aorta

The use of animal models is essential for a better understanding of MH, one major cause for arterial stenosis.In this article, we demonstrate a murine balloon denudation model, which is comparable with established vessel injury models in large animals. The aorta denudation model with balloon catheters mimics the clinical setting and leads to comparable pathobiological and physiological changes. Briefly, after performing a horizontal incision in the aorta abdominalis, a balloon catheter will be inserted into the vessel, inflated, and introduced retrogradely. Inflation of the balloon will lead to intima injury and overdistension of the vessel. After removing the catheter, the aortic incision will be closed with single stiches. The model shown in this article is reproducible, easy to perform, and can be established quickly and reliably. It is especially suitable for evaluating expensive experimental therapeutic agents, which can be applied in an economical fashion. By using different knockout-mouse strains, the impact of different genes on MH development can be assessed.

This article demonstrates a murine model to study the development of myointimal hyperplasia (MH) after aortic balloon injury.

球囊损伤诱发小鼠腹主动脉 Myointimal 增生的研究

The use of animal models is essential for a better understanding of MH, one major cause for arterial stenosis.In this article, we demonstrate a murine ...

A Rat Model of Orthotopic Liver Transplantation Using a Novel Magnetic Anastomosis Technique for Suprahepatic Vena Cava Reconstruction

The rat model of orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT) is essential for transplant research. It is a very sophisticated animal model and requires a steep learning curve. The introduction of the cuff technique for anastomosis of the portal vein (PV) and infrahepatic vena cava (IHVC) has significantly simplified the transplant procedure in rats. However, due to the short anterior wall of the recipients' suprahepatic vena cava (SHVC), the cuff technique is very difficult to use for the reconstruction of the SHVC. Most researchers in this field still use the hand-suture technique for SHVC reconstruction, which makes it the bottleneck step in rat orthotopic liver transplantation. The magnetic anastomosis technique (i.e., magnamosis) is a method of connecting two vessels using the attractive force between two magnets. Our recent study has shown that the magnetic anastomosis technique is superior to the hand-suture technique for SHVC reconstruction in rats. In this article, we show a step-by-step protocol for SHVC reconstruction in rats using the novel magnetic anastomosis technique. In this model, the reconstruction of the PV and IHVC was performed by the standard cuff technique, while the reconstruction of the bile duct (BD) was performed by a stent technique. The hepatic re-arterialization was not performed. The magnetic anastomosis technique made SHVC reconstruction much easier and significantly shortened the anphepatic phase. After a reasonable learning curve, even researchers without advanced microsurgical skills can produce reliable and reproducible results using this rat model of OLT.

The reconstruction of the suprahepatic vena cava (SHVC) remains a difficult step in rat orthotopic liver transplantation. In this article, we show a step-by-step protocol for SHVC reconstruction in rats using a novel magnetic anastomosis technique.

应用新型磁吻合技术 Suprahepatic 腔静脉重建大鼠原位肝移植模型的研究

The rat model of orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT) is essential for transplant research. It is a very sophisticated animal model and requires a steep ...

Ultrasound Imaging of the Thoracic and Abdominal Aorta in Mice to Determine Aneurysm Dimensions

Contemporary high-resolution ultrasound instruments have sufficient resolution to facilitate the measurement of mouse aortas. These instruments have been widely used to measure aortic dimensions in mouse models of aortic aneurysms. Aortic aneurysms are defined as permanent dilations of the aorta, which occur most frequently in the ascending and abdominal regions. Sequential measurements of aortic dimensions by ultrasound are the principal approach for assessing the development and progression of aortic aneurysms in vivo. Although many reported studies used ultrasound imaging to measure aortic diameters as a primary endpoint, there are confounding factors, such as probe position and cardiac cycle, that may impact the accuracy of data acquisition, analysis, and interpretation. The purpose of this protocol is to provide a practical guide on the use of ultrasound to measure the aortic diameter in a reliable and reproducible manner. This protocol introduces the preparation of mice and instruments, the acquisition of appropriate ultrasound images, and data analysis.

Ultrasound imaging has become a common modality to determine the luminal dimensions of thoracic and abdominal aortic aneurysms in mice. This protocol describes the procedure to acquire reliable and reproducible two-dimensional ultrasound images of the ascending and abdominal aorta in mice.

小鼠胸腹主动脉超声检查确定动脉瘤大小

Contemporary high-resolution ultrasound instruments have sufficient resolution to facilitate the measurement of mouse aortas. These instruments have been ...