この作品は、国民健康補助金R56-HL095498、R01-HL-095498（AD）は、R01-HL128406、退役軍人生物医学研究所研究の米国部からメリットレビュー賞I01-BX002336の研究所とによって部分的にサポートされていました開発プログラム（AD）は、エール（AD）は手術大瀬賞の部門、（JMS）はサーノフ循環器財団フェローシップ、および資源を通って、退役軍人コネチカット医療システム（コネチカット州にある施設の利用）。ウシ心膜パッチは寛大ルメートル血管社（マサチューセッツ州バーリントン）から提供されました。

適切な制度的動物実験委員会の承認は、あなたのプロトコルがあなたの機関の動物実験倫理委員会のガイドラインに従っていることを示す、取得する必要があります。 1.麻酔と手術前の手順<ol><li>気化した3％のイソフルラン及びアクリル誘導チャンバ内に投与1リットル/分の酸素と、周りに200グラムの重量を量る、Wistar系雄性ラットを麻酔。 </li><li>つま先と尾のピンチに反応性の欠如を通じて十分な麻酔を確認してください。動物が麻酔下にある間乾燥を防ぐために、目に軟膏を置きます。位置プラスチック操作板上の各ラットの仰臥位および気化2配信するためにシリコーンマスクを配置 - 連続吸入により3％のイソフルランを。それは胸骨横臥位を維持するのに十分な意識を取り戻したまで無人の動物を放置しないでください。 </li><li>滅菌手袋を身に着けている間、毛リムーバーを使用して、腹側腹部の毛を除去します。 Buprenorphine、皮下または腹腔内に、頻繁にこの時点で与えられています。 </li></ol> 2.手術の手順<ol><li> パッチvenoplasty <ol><li>手術前に、3ミリメートル×1.5ミリメートル×0.6ミリメートルサイズにmicroscissorを使用して、ウシの心膜パッチをトリミングします。細胞培養皿に5分間の滅菌生理食塩水10mlにパッチを浸します。 </li><li>あなたの制度的プロトコルに従って局所消毒して切開部位を準備し、外科用ドレープを適用します。手術を通して無菌技術を維持するために、滅菌手袋や楽器を使用してください。局所麻酔は、計画された皮膚切開の部位に注入することができます。 </li><li>メスを使用して、ちょうど恥骨上記に剣状突起のレベルから延びる腹部正中切開を行います。 </li><li>開創器を挿入し、右側に向かって腹腔からすべての腸を骨抜き。生理食塩水に浸したガーゼで腸ラップ。 </li><li>私を公開nfrarenal大静脈（IVC）。パッチ移植部位は、腎静脈の起源のレベルよりも約2ミリメートルです。このサイトでは無料のIVCを分析。 6-0ナイロン縫合糸を使用して、このレベルですべての腰椎と支流静脈を結紮し、分割します。 </li><li>近位および遠位infarenal IVCの両方を横切って2マイクロサークリップを配置します。 IVCの前壁を穿刺することにより、25 G針で静脈切開を行い、その後、ハサミ（ 図1A）を使用して3mm程度にそれを拡張します。 </li><li>実行中または中断10-0ナイロン縫合糸（ 図1B）を使用して、パッチで静脈切開を閉じます。 </li><li> venoplastyの閉鎖を完了します。パッチを通気した後、IVCへの血流を回復するために、近位のクランプを除去するために、第1の遠位のクランプを外します。 </li><li>圧縮せずに30秒間観察することにより止血を確認してください。彼らの自然な位置に腸を返します。承認された動物プロトコルに従って実行されている縫合糸で腹部を閉じます。 </li></ol></li><li> パッチ動脈形成術 <ol><li>手術前に、3ミリメートル×1.5ミリメートル×0.6ミリメートルサイズにmicroscissorを使用して、ウシの心膜パッチをトリミングします。滅菌生理食塩水でそれを浸します。 </li><li>局所消毒で切開部位を準備し、外科用ドレープを適用します。手術を通して無菌技術を維持するために、滅菌手袋や楽器を使用してください。 </li><li>メスを使用して、ちょうど恥骨上記に剣状突起のレベルから延びる腹部正中切開を行います。 </li><li>開創器を挿入し、右側に向かって腹腔からすべての腸を骨抜き。生理食塩水に浸したガーゼで腸ラップ。 </li><li>大動脈を公開します。パッチ移植部位は、腎動脈の起源のレベルよりも約2ミリメートルです。このサイトでは無料の大動脈を解剖。 6-0ナイロン縫合糸を使用して、このレベルでは、すべての腰動脈を結紮し、分割します。 </li><li>腎臓下の大動脈をクランプします。 puncturiによって動脈切開を行うために25 G針を使用します大動脈の前壁ngをしてから、はさみ（ 図1C）を使用して3mm程度にそれを拡張します。 </li><li> 10-0ナイロン縫合糸（ 図1D）を実行して使用してパッチに動脈切開を閉じます。動脈形成術の閉鎖を完了します。パッチをベントしてから大動脈への血流を回復するために、近位のクランプを除去するために、第1の遠位のクランプを外します。 </li><li>圧縮せずに30秒間観察することにより止血を確認してください。彼らの自然な位置に腸を返します。承認された動物プロトコルに従って実行されている縫合糸で腹部を閉じます。 </li></ol></li></ol> 3.術後の手順<ol><li>腹部の閉鎖後、麻酔を中止してください。施設内動物管理使用委員会が推奨する指示に従って、鎮痛および創傷ケアなどの術後ケアを適用します。 </li><li>鎮痛のために、0.1mgのでブプレノルフィンを使用/ kgの筋肉内に24時間毎に12時間以上では続きません外科手術る。周術期の期間から適切なリカバリ、および術後疼痛の適切な治療を確実に、動物室で毎日動物の状態を確認してください。それは完全に回復するまで他の動物の会社に手術を受けた動物を返さないでください。 </li></ol><style type="text/css">p.p1 {margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; font: 12.0px Helvetica}
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<ol>
	<li>Muto, A., Nishibe, T., Dardik, H., Dardik, A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Patches+for+carotid+artery+endarterectomy:+current+materials+and+prospects.">Patches for carotid artery endarterectomy: current materials and prospects.</a> J Vasc Surg. 50 (1), 206-213 (2009).</li><li>Li, X., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Current+usage+and+future+directions+for+the+bovine+pericardial+patch.">Current usage and future directions for the bovine pericardial patch.</a> Ann Vasc Surg. 25 (4), 561-568 (2011).</li><li>Biasi, G. M., Sternjakob, S., Mingazzini, P. M., Ferrari, S. A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Nine-year+experience+of+bovine+pericardium+patch+angioplasty+during+carotid+endarterectomy.">Nine-year experience of bovine pericardium patch angioplasty during carotid endarterectomy.</a> J Vasc Surg. 36 (2), 271-277 (2002).</li><li>Papakostas, J. C., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Use+of+the+vascu-guard+bovine+pericardium+patch+for+arteriotomy+closure+in+carotid+endarterectomy.+Early+and+long-term+results.">Use of the vascu-guard bovine pericardium patch for arteriotomy closure in carotid endarterectomy. Early and long-term results.</a> Ann Vasc Surg. 28 (5), 1213-1218 (2014).</li><li>Ohwada, S., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Glutaraldehyde-fixed+heterologous+pericardium+for+vena+cava+grafting+following+hepatectomy.">Glutaraldehyde-fixed heterologous pericardium for vena cava grafting following hepatectomy.</a> Hepatogastroenterology. 46 (26), 855-858 (1999).</li><li>Mori, A., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Standard+hepatic+vein+reconstruction+with+patch+plasty+using+the+native+portal+vein+in+adult+living+donor+liver+transplantation.">Standard hepatic vein reconstruction with patch plasty using the native portal vein in adult living donor liver transplantation.</a> Liver Transpl. 18 (5), 602-607 (2012).</li><li>Bai, H., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Pericardial+patch+venoplasty+heals+via+attraction+of+venous+progenitor+cells.">Pericardial patch venoplasty heals via attraction of venous progenitor cells.</a> Physiological Reports. 4 (12), (2016).</li><li>Li, X., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Pericardial+patch+angioplasty+heals+via+an+Ephrin-B2+and+CD34+positive+cell+mediated+mechanism.">Pericardial patch angioplasty heals via an Ephrin-B2 and CD34 positive cell mediated mechanism.</a> PLoS One. 7 (6), 38844 (2012).</li><li>Bai, H., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Pretreatment+of+pericardial+patches+with+antibiotics+does+not+alter+patch+healing+in+vivo.">Pretreatment of pericardial patches with antibiotics does not alter patch healing in vivo.</a> J Vasc Surg. 63 (4), 1063-1073 (2016).</li><li>Muto, A., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Eph-B4+prevents+venous+adaptive+remodeling+in+the+adult+arterial+environment.">Eph-B4 prevents venous adaptive remodeling in the adult arterial environment.</a> J Exp Med. 208 (3), 561-575 (2011).</li></ol>

The authors have nothing to disclose.

私たちは、それぞれ、パッチvenoplastyまたはパッチの動脈形成を作成し、静脈または動脈のいずれかで使用することができたラットにおけるパッチ血管形成術のモデルを記述します。この心膜パッチモデルを用いて、我々は大動脈動脈形成術（ 図2）7、8に比べてラットのIVC venoplastyに積極的かつ安定した新生内膜過形成を示しました。 <...

心膜パッチ、ウシまたはブタのいずれかで一般に近い血管の血管外科医は、再狭窄1,2の危険性を低減します。動脈手術では、心膜パッチ血管形成術は、一次閉鎖3、4に比べて再狭窄率を低下させます。パッチvenoplastyも同様に、動脈手順5、6にそれほど頻繁に比較した場合にも、静脈を閉鎖するために行われます。パッチは、典型的には、その腔面上の新生内膜過形成を開発します。しかし、新生内膜形成のメカニズムは、特に、動脈と静脈の環境間で新生内膜形成の違いを比較して、不明なままです。我々は以前心膜パッチは、動脈と静脈の両方の環境で前駆細胞を誘引することが示されたと静脈パッチ血管形成術は、より多くのAを示しています動脈パッチ7,8に比べてggressive新生内膜形成。 本研究では、静脈および動脈の両方を閉じることに共通の心膜パッチ血管形成のラットモデルを記述し、その新生内膜形成を研究するために使用されてもよいです。この方法は、一般的にヒト患者において使用される手術技術の小動物モデルです。ラットモデルは、手術の技術的側面を容易にし、モデルの学習曲線を改善する、マウスモデルよりも大きな直径を有しています。

<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="523">
	<tbody>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">Bovine pericardial patch</td>
			<td colspan="2" style="width:307px;">LeMaitre Vascular</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Vascular clamp</td>
			<td>Roboz Surgical Instrument Co.</td>
			<td>RS-5424</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Clamp applying forceps</td>
			<td>Roboz Surgical Instrument Co</td>
			<td>RS-5410</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">10-0 Prolene suture</td>
			<td>Arosurgical Co.</td>
			<td>T05A10N10-13</td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

patch angioplasty in the rat aorta or inferior vena cava

心膜パッチは、一般的に血管を閉じるために血管手術に使用されています。パッチの形成、新生内膜過形成の研究を容易にするために、我々は、それぞれ、パッチvenoplastyまたはパッチ動脈形成の作成、静脈または動脈のいずれかで使用することができるパッチ血管形成のラットモデルを開発しました。このモデルの技術的な側面が議論されています。赤外線腎IVCまたは大動脈を切開した後、近位および遠位クランプされます。 3ミリメートルの静脈切開または動脈切開は、6〜8週齢のWistarラットの腎臓下の下大静脈または大動脈で行われます。ウシ心膜パッチ（×1.5ミリメートル×0.6ミリメートル3ミリメートル）を10-0ナイロン縫合糸を使用してサイトを閉鎖するために使用されます。動脈パッチに比べて、静脈パッチは、術後7日目に、新生内膜の厚さ増加を示す心膜パッチ血管形成術のこの新規なモデルは、血管の生体材料の新生内膜過形成を調べるために、ならびに、動脈と静脈の間の違いを比較するために使用することができます環境。

パッチ血管形成術の後、静脈た（n = 42）または動脈（N = 24）パッチ群のいずれかには血栓はありませんでした。 7日目での生存率は、静脈または動脈パッチのいずれかで両群で100％でした。 パッチは、7日目に採取し、ヘマトキシリンおよびエオシンで染色し、そして以前に7に記載されているように</su...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Patch Angioplasty in the Rat Aorta or Inferior Vena Cava at JoVE.com

Patch Angioplasty in the Rat Aorta or Inferior Vena Cava

We have established a model of pericardial patch angioplasty that can be used in either small-diameter veins or arteries. This model can be used to compare venous and arterial neointimal hyperplasia formation.

ラット大動脈または下大静脈内のパッチ血管形成術

Pericardial patches are commonly used in vascular surgery to close vessels. To facilitate studies of the neointimal hyperplasia that forms on the patch, ...

patch-angioplasty-in-the-rat-aorta-or-inferior-vena-cava

Research

JoVE Journal

Medicine

10.5K ビュー.  Yale University. We have established a model of pericardial patch angioplasty that can be used in either small-diameter veins or arteries. This model can be used to compare venous and arterial neointimal hyperplasia formation.

ビデオ: Patch Angioplasty in the Rat Aorta or Inferior Vena Cava

Hyperinsulinemic-Euglycemic Clamp in the Conscious Rat

Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is rapidly rising in prevalence. Characterized by either inadequate insulin production or the inability to utilize insulin produced, T2D results in elevated blood glucose levels. The "gold-standard" in assessing insulin sensitivity is a hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp or insulin clamp. In this procedure, insulin is infused at a constant rate resulting in a drop in blood glucose. To maintain blood glucose at a constant level, exogenous glucose (D50) is infused into the venous circulation. The amount of glucose infused to maintain homeostasis is indicative of insulin sensitivity. Here, we show the basic clamp procedure in the chronically catheterized, unrestrained, conscious rat. This model allows blood to be collected with minimal stress to the animal. Following the induction of anesthesia, a midline incision is made and the left common carotid artery and right jugular vein are catheterized. Inserted catheters are flushed with heparinized saline, then exteriorized and secured. Animals are allowed to recover for 4-5 days prior to experiments, with weight gain monitored daily. Only those animals who regain weight to pre-surgery levels are used for experiments. On the day of the experiment, rats are fasted and connected to pumps containing insulin and D50. Baseline glucose is assessed from the arterial line and used a benchmark throughout the experiment (euglycemia). Following this, insulin is infused at a constant rate into the venous circulation. To match the drop in blood glucose, D50 is infused. If the rate of D50 infusion is greater than the rate of uptake, a rise in glucose will occur. Similarly, if the rate is insufficient to match whole body glucose uptake, a drop will occur. Titration of glucose continues until stable glucose readings are achieved. Glucose levels and glucose infusion rates during this stable period are recorded and reported. Results provide an index of whole body insulin sensitivity. The technique can be refined to meet specific experimental requirements. It is further enhanced by the use of radioactive tracers that can determine tissue specific insulin-stimulated glucose uptake as well as whole body glucose turnover.

The hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp is the "gold standard" for the assessment of insulin action. Insulin is infused at a constant rate stimulating glucose uptake. The amount of exogenous glucose infused to counter this drop is indicative of insulin sensitivity. Here the procedure is performed on a conscious, unrestrained rat.

覚醒ラットにおける高インスリン血症、正常血糖クランプ

Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is rapidly rising in prevalence. Characterized by either inadequate insulin production or the inability to utilize insulin produced, ...

医学

Electrolytic Inferior Vena Cava Model (EIM) of Venous Thrombosis

Animal models serve a vital role in deep venous thrombosis (DVT) research in order to study thrombus formation, thrombus resolution and to test potential therapeutic compounds (1). New compounds to be utilized in the treatment and prevention of DVT are currently being developed. The delivery of potential therapeutic antagonist compounds to an affected thrombosed vein has been problematic. In the context of therapeutic applications, a model that uses partial stasis and consistently generates thrombi within a major vein has been recently established. The Electrolytic Inferior vena cava Model (EIM) is mouse model of DVT that permits thrombus formation in the presence of continuous blood flow. This model allows therapeutic agents to be in contact with the thrombus in a dynamic fashion, and is more sensitive than other models of DVT (1). In addition, this thrombosis model closely simulates clinical situations of thrombus formation and is ideal to study venous endothelial cell activation, leukocyte migration, venous thrombogenesis, and to test therapeutic applications (1). The EIM model is technically simple, easily reproducible, creates consistent thrombi sizes and allows for a large sample (i.e. thrombus and vein wall) which is required for analytical purposes.

Electrolytic Inferior Vena Cava Model EIM of Venous Thrombosis

The electrolytic induction of endothelial activation to the internal surface of the Inferior Vena Cava results in venous type thrombus formation due to endothelial activation and partial blood stasis, two components of Virchow's triad.

静脈血栓症の電解下大静脈モデル（EIM）

Animal models serve a vital role in deep venous thrombosis (DVT) research in order to study thrombus formation, thrombus resolution and to test potential ...

Mouse Complete Stasis Model of Inferior Vena Cava Thrombosis

Venous thromboembolism (VTE) includes both deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and pulmonary embolism (PE). In the United States (U.S.), the high morbidity and mortality rates make VTE a serious health concern 1-2. After heart disease and stroke, VTE is the third most common vascular disease 3. In the U.S. alone, there is an estimated 900,000 people affected each year, with 300,000 deaths occurring annually 3. A reliable in vivo animal model to study the mechanisms of this disease is necessary.
The advantages of using the mouse complete stasis model of inferior vena cava thrombosis are several. The mouse model allows for the administration of very small volumes of limited availability test agents, reducing costs dramatically. Most promising is the potential for mice with gene knockouts that allow specific inflammatory and coagulation factor functions to be delineated. Current molecular assays allow for the quantitation of vein wall, thrombus, whole blood, and plasma for assays. However, a major concern involving this model is the operative size constraints and the friability of the vessels. Also, due to the small IVC sample weight (mean 0.005 grams) it is necessary to increase animal numbers for accurate statistical analysis for tissue, thrombus, and blood assays such as real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), western blot, enzyme-linked immunosorbent (ELISA), zymography, vein wall and thrombus cellular analysis, and whole blood and plasma assays 4-8.
The major disadvantage with the stasis model is that the lack of blood flow inhibits the maximal effect of administered systemic therapeutic agents on the thrombus and vein wall.

The mouse complete stasis model of inferior vena cava thrombosis yields quantifiable amounts of vein wall tissue and thrombus. It has proven useful for evaluating interactions between the vein wall and the occlusive thrombus and in assessing the progression from acute to chronic inflammation.

下大静脈血栓症のマウス完全な停滞のモデル

Venous thromboembolism (VTE) includes both deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and pulmonary embolism (PE).  In the United States (U.S.), the high morbidity and ...

Angiogenesis in the Ischemic Rat Lung

The adult lung is perfused by both the systemic bronchial artery and the entire venous return flowing through the pulmonary arteries. In most lung pathologies, it is the smaller systemic vasculature that responds to a need for enhanced lung perfusion and shows robust neovascularization. Pulmonary vascular ischemia induced by pulmonary artery obstruction has been shown to result in rapid systemic arterial angiogenesis in man as well as in several animal models. Although the histologic assessment of the time course of bronchial artery proliferation in rats was carefully described by Weibel 1, mechanisms responsible for this organized growth of new vessels are not clear. We provide surgical details of inducing left pulmonary artery ischemia in the rat that leads to bronchial neovascularization. Quantification of the extent of angiogenesis presents an additional challenge due to the presence of the two vascular beds within the lung. Methods to determine functional angiogenesis based on labeled microsphere injections are provided.

The lung is perfused by both the systemic bronchial artery and pulmonary arteries. In most lung pathologies, it is the smaller systemic vasculature that shows robust neovascularization. Cessation of pulmonary blood flow promotes brisk bronchial angiogenesis. We provide surgical details of inducing left pulmonary artery ischemia that promotes bronchial neovascularization.

虚血ラットの肺の血管新生

The  adult lung is perfused by both the systemic bronchial artery and the entire  venous return flowing through the pulmonary arteries. In most lung ...

Implantation of Inferior Vena Cava Interposition Graft in Mouse Model

Biodegradable scaffolds seeded with bone marrow mononuclear cells (BMCs) are often used for reconstructive surgery to treat congenital cardiac anomalies. The long-term clinical results showed excellent patency rates, however, with significant incidence of stenosis. To investigate the cellular and molecular mechanisms of vascular neotissue formation and prevent stenosis development in tissue engineered vascular grafts (TEVGs), we developed a mouse model of the graft with approximately 1 mm internal diameter. First, the TEVGs were assembled from biodegradable tubular scaffolds fabricated from a polyglycolic acid nonwoven felt mesh coated with &#949;-caprolactone and L-lactide copolymer. The scaffolds were then placed in a lyophilizer, vacuumed for 24 hr, and stored in a desiccator until cell seeding. Second, bone marrow was collected from donor mice and mononuclear cells were isolated by density gradient centrifugation. Third, approximately one million cells were seeded on a scaffold and incubated O/N. Finally, the seeded scaffolds were then implanted as infrarenal vena cava interposition grafts in C57BL/6 mice. The implanted grafts demonstrated excellent patency (&#62;90%) without evidence of thromboembolic complications or aneurysmal formation. This murine model will aid us in understanding and quantifying the cellular and molecular mechanisms of neotissue formation in the TEVG.

To improve our knowledge of cellular and molecular neotissue formation, a murine model of the TEVG was recently developed. The grafts were implanted as infrarenal vena cava interposition grafts in C57BL/6 mice. This model achieves similar results to those achieved in our clinical investigation, but over a far shortened time-course.

マウスモデルにおける下大静脈介在移植の移植

Biodegradable scaffolds seeded with bone marrow mononuclear cells (BMCs) are often used for reconstructive surgery to treat congenital cardiac anomalies. ...

Scleral Cross-linking Using Riboflavin and Ultraviolet-A Radiation for Prevention of Axial Myopia in a Rabbit Model

Myopic individuals, especially those with severe myopia, are at higher-than-normal risk of cataract, glaucoma, retinal detachment and chorioretinal abnormalities. In addition, pathological myopia is a common irreversible cause of visual impairment and blindness1-3. Our study demonstrates the effect of scleral crosslinking using riboflavin and ultraviolet-A radiation on the development of axial myopia in a rabbit model. The axial length of the eyeball was measured by A-scan ultrasound in New Zealand white rabbits aged 13 days (male and female). The eye then underwent 360&#176; conjunctival peritomy with scleral crosslinking, followed by tarsorrhaphy. Axial elongation was induced in 13 day-old New Zealand rabbits by suturing their right eye eyelids (tarsorrhaphy). The eyes were divided into quadrants, and every quadrant had two scleral irradiation zones, each with an area of 0.2 cm&#178; and a radius of 4 mm. Crosslinking was performed by dropping 0.1% dextran-free riboflavin-5-phosphate onto the irradiation zones 20 sec before ultraviolet-A irradiation and every 20 sec during the 200 sec irradiation time. UVA radiation (370 nm) was applied perpendicular to the sclera at 57 mW/cm&#178; (total UVA light dose, 57 J/cm&#178;). Tarsorrhaphies were removed on day 55, followed by repeated axial length measurements. This study demonstrates that scleral crosslinking with riboflavin and ultraviolet-A radiation effectively prevents occlusion-induced axial elongation in a rabbit model.

We demonstrate the effect of scleral crosslinking with riboflavin and UVA on an axial elongation rabbit eye. Axial elongation was induced in 13 day-old New Zealand rabbits (male and female) by suturing their right eye eyelids (tarsorrhaphy).

強膜ウサギモデルで軸性近視の予防のためのリボフラビンおよび紫外線A放射線を用いて架橋

Myopic individuals, especially those with severe myopia, are at higher-than-normal risk of cataract, glaucoma, retinal detachment and chorioretinal ...

A Model of Cardiac Remodeling Through Constriction of the Abdominal Aorta in Rats

Heart failure is one of the leading causes of death worldwide. It is a complex clinical syndromethat includes fatigue, dyspnea, exercise intolerance, and fluid retention. Changes in myocardial structure, electrical conduction, and energy metabolism develop with heart failure, leading to contractile dysfunction, increased risk of arrhythmias, and sudden death. Hypertensive heart disease is one of the key contributing factors of cardiac remodeling associated with heart failure. The most commonly-used animal model mimicking hypertensive heart disease is created via surgical interventions, such as by narrowing the aorta. Abdominal aortic constriction is a useful experimental technique to induce a pressure overload, which leads to heart failure. The surgery can be easily performed, without the need for chest opening or mechanical ventilation. Abdominal aortic constriction-induced cardiac pathology progresses gradually, making this model relevant to clinical hypertensive heart failure. Cardiac injury and remodeling can be observed 10 weeks after the surgery. The method described here provides a simple and effective approach to produce a hypertensive heart disease animal model that is suitable for studying disease mechanisms and for testing novel therapeutics.

A rat model of abdominal aortic constriction that induces cardiac hypertrophy and remodeling is described. An efficient, highly-reproducible, and minimally-invasive method is used to provide a simple yet useful platform for research in myocardial hypertrophy and dysfunction.

ラットの腹部大動脈の収縮を通じて心臓リモデリングのモデル

Heart failure is one of the leading causes of death worldwide. It is a complex clinical syndromethat includes fatigue, dyspnea, exercise intolerance, and ...

Balloon-based Injury to Induce Myointimal Hyperplasia in the Mouse Abdominal Aorta

The use of animal models is essential for a better understanding of MH, one major cause for arterial stenosis.In this article, we demonstrate a murine balloon denudation model, which is comparable with established vessel injury models in large animals. The aorta denudation model with balloon catheters mimics the clinical setting and leads to comparable pathobiological and physiological changes. Briefly, after performing a horizontal incision in the aorta abdominalis, a balloon catheter will be inserted into the vessel, inflated, and introduced retrogradely. Inflation of the balloon will lead to intima injury and overdistension of the vessel. After removing the catheter, the aortic incision will be closed with single stiches. The model shown in this article is reproducible, easy to perform, and can be established quickly and reliably. It is especially suitable for evaluating expensive experimental therapeutic agents, which can be applied in an economical fashion. By using different knockout-mouse strains, the impact of different genes on MH development can be assessed.

This article demonstrates a murine model to study the development of myointimal hyperplasia (MH) after aortic balloon injury.

マウスの腹部大動脈 Myointimal 過形成を誘導するために気球を利用した傷害

The use of animal models is essential for a better understanding of MH, one major cause for arterial stenosis.In this article, we demonstrate a murine ...

A Rat Model of Orthotopic Liver Transplantation Using a Novel Magnetic Anastomosis Technique for Suprahepatic Vena Cava Reconstruction

The rat model of orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT) is essential for transplant research. It is a very sophisticated animal model and requires a steep learning curve. The introduction of the cuff technique for anastomosis of the portal vein (PV) and infrahepatic vena cava (IHVC) has significantly simplified the transplant procedure in rats. However, due to the short anterior wall of the recipients' suprahepatic vena cava (SHVC), the cuff technique is very difficult to use for the reconstruction of the SHVC. Most researchers in this field still use the hand-suture technique for SHVC reconstruction, which makes it the bottleneck step in rat orthotopic liver transplantation. The magnetic anastomosis technique (i.e., magnamosis) is a method of connecting two vessels using the attractive force between two magnets. Our recent study has shown that the magnetic anastomosis technique is superior to the hand-suture technique for SHVC reconstruction in rats. In this article, we show a step-by-step protocol for SHVC reconstruction in rats using the novel magnetic anastomosis technique. In this model, the reconstruction of the PV and IHVC was performed by the standard cuff technique, while the reconstruction of the bile duct (BD) was performed by a stent technique. The hepatic re-arterialization was not performed. The magnetic anastomosis technique made SHVC reconstruction much easier and significantly shortened the anphepatic phase. After a reasonable learning curve, even researchers without advanced microsurgical skills can produce reliable and reproducible results using this rat model of OLT.

The reconstruction of the suprahepatic vena cava (SHVC) remains a difficult step in rat orthotopic liver transplantation. In this article, we show a step-by-step protocol for SHVC reconstruction in rats using a novel magnetic anastomosis technique.

同所性同種のモデルラット Suprahepatic 上大静脈再建のため新規磁気吻合法を用いた肝移植

The rat model of orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT) is essential for transplant research. It is a very sophisticated animal model and requires a steep ...

Ultrasound Imaging of the Thoracic and Abdominal Aorta in Mice to Determine Aneurysm Dimensions

Contemporary high-resolution ultrasound instruments have sufficient resolution to facilitate the measurement of mouse aortas. These instruments have been widely used to measure aortic dimensions in mouse models of aortic aneurysms. Aortic aneurysms are defined as permanent dilations of the aorta, which occur most frequently in the ascending and abdominal regions. Sequential measurements of aortic dimensions by ultrasound are the principal approach for assessing the development and progression of aortic aneurysms in vivo. Although many reported studies used ultrasound imaging to measure aortic diameters as a primary endpoint, there are confounding factors, such as probe position and cardiac cycle, that may impact the accuracy of data acquisition, analysis, and interpretation. The purpose of this protocol is to provide a practical guide on the use of ultrasound to measure the aortic diameter in a reliable and reproducible manner. This protocol introduces the preparation of mice and instruments, the acquisition of appropriate ultrasound images, and data analysis.

Ultrasound imaging has become a common modality to determine the luminal dimensions of thoracic and abdominal aortic aneurysms in mice. This protocol describes the procedure to acquire reliable and reproducible two-dimensional ultrasound images of the ascending and abdominal aorta in mice.

マウス脳動脈瘤のサイズを調べるために胸部、腹部の大動脈の超音波断層像

Contemporary high-resolution ultrasound instruments have sufficient resolution to facilitate the measurement of mouse aortas. These instruments have been ...