<meta charset="utf8"></head><body>使用工作大鼠心脏灌注模型优化供体心脏保存

<ol>
	<li>Kwan, J. C., Gao, L., Macdonald, P. S., Hicks, M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Cardio-protective+signalling+by+glyceryl+trinitrate+and+cariporide+in+a+model+of+donor+heart+preservation.">Cardio-protective signalling by glyceryl trinitrate and cariporide in a model of donor heart preservation.</a> Heart Lung Circ. 24 (3), 306-318 (2015).</li><li>Watson, A. J., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Enhanced+preservation+of+the+rat+heart+after+prolonged+hypothermic+ischemia+with+erythropoietin-supplemented+Celsior+solution.">Enhanced preservation of the rat heart after prolonged hypothermic ischemia with erythropoietin-supplemented Celsior solution.</a> J Heart Lung Transplant. 32 (6), 633-640 (2013).</li><li>Chew, H. C., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Outcomes+of+donation+after+circulatory+death+heart+transplantation+in+Australia.">Outcomes of donation after circulatory death heart transplantation in Australia.</a> J Am Coll Cardiol. 73 (12), 1447-1459 (2019).</li><li>Dhital, K. K., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Adult+heart+transplantation+with+distant+procurement+and+ex-vivo+preservation+of+donor+hearts+after+circulatory+death:+a+case+series.">Adult heart transplantation with distant procurement and ex-vivo preservation of donor hearts after circulatory death: a case series.</a> Lancet. 385 (9987), 2585-2591 (2015).</li><li>Joshi, Y., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Heart+transplantation+from+DCD+donors+in+Australia:+Lessons+learned+from+the+first+74+cases.">Heart transplantation from DCD donors in Australia: Lessons learned from the first 74 cases.</a> Transplantation. 107 (2), 361-371 (2023).</li><li>Villanueva, J. E., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Functional+recovery+after+dantrolene-supplementation+of+cold+stored+hearts+using+an+ex+vivo+isolated+working+rat+heart+model.">Functional recovery after dantrolene-supplementation of cold stored hearts using an ex vivo isolated working rat heart model.</a> PLoS One. 13 (10), e205850 (2018).</li><li>Villanueva, J. E., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+cardioprotective+potential+of+the+sodium-glucose+cotransporter+2+inhibitor+empagliflozin+in+donor+heart+preservation.">The cardioprotective potential of the sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitor empagliflozin in donor heart preservation.</a> J Heart Lung Transplant. 39 (10), 1151-1153 (2020).</li><li>Gao, L., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Critical+role+of+the+STAT3+pathway+in+the+cardioprotective+efficacy+of+zoniporide+in+a+model+of+myocardial+preservation+-+the+rat+isolated+working+heart.">Critical role of the STAT3 pathway in the cardioprotective efficacy of zoniporide in a model of myocardial preservation - the rat isolated working heart.</a> Br J Pharmacol. 162 (3), 633-647 (2011).</li><li>Cropper, J. R., Hicks, M., Ryan, J. B., Macdonald, P. S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Cardioprotection+by+cariporide+after+prolonged+hypothermic+storage+of+the+isolated+working+rat+heart.">Cardioprotection by cariporide after prolonged hypothermic storage of the isolated working rat heart.</a> J Heart Lung Transplant. 22 (8), 929-936 (2003).</li><li>Gao, L., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Enhanced+functional+recovery+of+the+heart+donated+after+circulatory+death+determination+with+antemortem+heparin.">Enhanced functional recovery of the heart donated after circulatory death determination with antemortem heparin.</a> J Heart Lung Transplant. 39 (6), 607-609 (2020).</li><li>Villanueva, J. E., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+effect+of+increasing+donor+age+on+myocardial+ischemic+tolerance+in+a+rodent+model+of+donation+after+circulatory+death.">The effect of increasing donor age on myocardial ischemic tolerance in a rodent model of donation after circulatory death.</a> Transplant Direct. 7 (6), e699 (2021).</li><li>Kumarasinghe, G., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Improved+heart+function+from+older+donors+using+pharmacologic+conditioning+strategies.">Improved heart function from older donors using pharmacologic conditioning strategies.</a> J Heart Lung Transplant. 35 (5), 636-646 (2016).</li></ol>

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			<td>1.5 mL colorless Eppendorff tube, 1000 per box</td>
			<td>Bio Strategy Pty Ltd</td>
			<td>0030.125.150</td>
			<td></td>
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		<tr>
			<td>15 mL cent/tubes (S) Sleeve/25 PP ctn/500</td>
			<td>Sigma-aldrich Pty Ltd</td>
			<td>CLS430791-500ea</td>
			<td></td>
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			<td>BP Transducer/Cable kit</td>
			<td>ADInstruments</td>
			<td>MLT1199</td>
			<td>Data Acquisition</td>
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			<td>Bridge Amp</td>
			<td>ADInstruments</td>
			<td>FE221</td>
			<td>Data Acquisition</td>
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			<td>Carbogen 555G2</td>
			<td>BOC</td>
			<td>BOC002</td>
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			<td>Checktemp1 thermometer</td>
			<td>Hanna Instruments</td>
			<td>HI98509</td>
			<td>Rig Construction</td>
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			<td>Clamp Pinch 1/4-7/16 PK 12</td>
			<td>Thomas Scientific</td>
			<td>2848Y40</td>
			<td>Rig Construction</td>
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			<td>Clamp W/Extension Stem Med.</td>
			<td>Thomas Scientific</td>
			<td>8847T08</td>
			<td>Rig Construction</td>
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			<td>Clamp W/Extension Stem Sm.</td>
			<td>Thomas Scientific</td>
			<td>8847T02</td>
			<td>Rig Construction</td>
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			<td>Clips, Vessel, 60 g Pressure</td>
			<td>Coherent Scientific</td>
			<td>14121</td>
			<td>Surgical Equipment</td>
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			<td>Closed Connector</td>
			<td>Thomas Scientific</td>
			<td>8847E25</td>
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			<td>Covidien Sofsilk 2-0 black precut 45 cm box of 24</td>
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			<td>S195</td>
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			<td>Custom Made 250 mL Jacketed Degasser</td>
			<td>Custom Blown Glassware Pty Ltd</td>
			<td>N/A</td>
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			<td>Custom Made 750 mL Reservoir</td>
			<td>Custom Blown Glassware Pty Ltd</td>
			<td>N/A</td>
			<td>Rig Construction</td>
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			<td>D-(+)-Glucose Anhydrous SigmaUltra</td>
			<td>Sigma-aldrich Pty Ltd</td>
			<td>G7528-1Kg</td>
			<td>To make Krebs Buffer</td>
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			<td>Dual Channel Console</td>
			<td>ADInstruments</td>
			<td>TS402</td>
			<td>Data Acquisition</td>
		</tr>
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			<td>Erlenmyer flasks 2 L&#160;</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
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			<td>Filter Microfibre type GF/C glass fibre 47 mm, 100</td>
			<td>Bio-strategy Pty Ltd</td>
			<td>1822047</td>
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			<td>Forceps, 15 cm, 0.3 mm, CRVD</td>
			<td>Coherent Scientific</td>
			<td>14114</td>
			<td>Surgical Equipment</td>
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			<td>Four Prong Clamps with 9 mm x 115 mm long arm for holding 2-70 mm diam objects. Vinyl coated</td>
			<td>Met-App Australia Pty Ltd</td>
			<td>1352</td>
			<td>Rig Construction</td>
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			<td>Heater Circulator. Digital Solid State Control. (1020 Watts/240 Volts)</td>
			<td>Thermoline Scientific</td>
			<td>TU3</td>
			<td>Rig Construction</td>
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			<td>Heparin 5000 U/5 mL box 50 Pfizer 02112115</td>
			<td>Clffird Hallam Healthcare Pty Ltd</td>
			<td>1258693</td>
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			<td>Ilium Xylazil 20 Inj 50 mL</td>
			<td>Cenvet Australia Pty Ltd</td>
			<td>X5010</td>
			<td>Anaesthetic</td>
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			<td>Johns Hopkins Bulldog Clamp</td>
			<td>Coherent Scientific&#160;</td>
			<td>CS-WPI-14117</td>
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			<td>Ketamine 100 mg/50 mL</td>
			<td>Provet (NSW) Pty Ltd</td>
			<td>KETAI1</td>
			<td>Anaesthetic</td>
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			<td>Magnesium Sulphate heptahydrate AR 500 g Chemsupply</td>
			<td>Bio Strategy Pty Ltd</td>
			<td>MA048-500g</td>
			<td>To make Krebs Buffer</td>
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			<td>Male/Female Hinged Adapter</td>
			<td>Thomas Scientific</td>
			<td>8847V08</td>
			<td>Rig Construction</td>
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			<td>Masterflex L/S Easy-Load Head for Precision Tubing, PPS, CRS Rotor</td>
			<td>John Morris</td>
			<td>1015164</td>
			<td>Rig Construction</td>
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			<td>Metzenbaum scissors, 11.5 cm curved</td>
			<td>Coherent Scientific</td>
			<td>WPI-501748</td>
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			<td>Coherent Scientific</td>
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			<td>Mounting Hardware F/2-HEADS SS</td>
			<td>John Morris</td>
			<td>1014414</td>
			<td>Mounting screws for pump heads</td>
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			<td>Open-sided connector</td>
			<td>Thomas Scientific</td>
			<td>8847E05</td>
			<td>Rig Construction</td>
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			<td>Paraformadehyde</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>P6148-500G</td>
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			<td>Potassium Chloride (AnalaR NORMAPUR) 500 g</td>
			<td>VWR Chemicals&#160;</td>
			<td>26764.26</td>
			<td>To make Krebs Buffer</td>
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		<tr>
			<td>Potassium phosphate monobasic&#160;</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich Pty Ltd</td>
			<td>P5379-500g</td>
			<td>To make Krebs Buffer</td>
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			<td>Powerlab 2/26, 2 channel recorder + Labchart software</td>
			<td>ADInstruments</td>
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			<td>ADInstruments</td>
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			<td>Rig Construction</td>
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			<td>Scalpel with handle disposable #11 pkt/10</td>
			<td>BSN Medical (Aust) Pty Ltd</td>
			<td>73252-36</td>
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			<td>Silicone Gasket for Swinnex 47 mm 5/PK</td>
			<td>Merck Millipore</td>
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			<td>Rig Construction</td>
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			<td>Silicone O-Ring 5-329 10/PK</td>
			<td>Merck Millipore</td>
			<td>XX1104707</td>
			<td>Rig Construction</td>
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			<td>Single Buret Clamp</td>
			<td>Thomas Scientific</td>
			<td>8847T32</td>
			<td>Rig Construction</td>
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			<td>Slip-on inlet Filter pore size 10 &#181;m (bubbler)</td>
			<td>Sigma-aldrich</td>
			<td>59277</td>
			<td>Rig Construction</td>
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			<td>Sm. 360 Rotation Connector</td>
			<td>Thomas Scientific</td>
			<td>8847E35</td>
			<td>Rig Construction</td>
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		<tr>
			<td>Sodium bicarbonate</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich Pty Ltd</td>
			<td>S6297 - 250g</td>
			<td>To make Krebs Buffer</td>
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		<tr>
			<td>Swinnex Filter Holder, 47 mm</td>
			<td>Merck Millipore</td>
			<td>SX0004700</td>
			<td>Rig Construction</td>
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		<tr>
			<td>syringes 1 mL box/100</td>
			<td>Becton Dickinson Pty Ltd</td>
			<td>302100</td>
			<td></td>
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			<td>Three Prong Clamps with 9 mm diameter x 125 mm long arm and twin screw for holding 5-80 mm</td>
			<td>Met-App Australia Pty Ltd</td>
			<td>1356</td>
			<td>Rig Construction</td>
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		<tr>
			<td>Tubing Flowmeter Module TS410</td>
			<td>ADInstruments</td>
			<td>TS410</td>
			<td>Data Acquisition</td>
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			<td>Tubing PVC 6.35 mm ID x 9.52 mm OD 50ft Roll 15.24m, clear , DEHP phthalate free, food grade meets REAC</td>
			<td>Thermo Fisher</td>
			<td>NAL 8701-0600</td>
			<td>Rig Construction</td>
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			<td>Tubing PVC 7.94mm ID x 11.1mm OD 50ft Roll 15.24 m, clear , DEHP phthalate free, food grade meets REAC</td>
			<td>Thermo Fisher</td>
			<td>NAL 8701-0900</td>
			<td>Rig Construction</td>
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			<td>Tubing PVC 9.52 mm ID x 12.7 mm OD 100ft Roll</td>
			<td>Thermo Fisher</td>
			<td>NAL 8701-4120</td>
			<td>Rig Construction</td>
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		<tr>
			<td>Vannas scissors, 8.5 cm, Straight, 7 mm Blades</td>
			<td>Coherent Scientific</td>
			<td>WPI-500-086</td>
			<td>Surgical Equipment</td>
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		<tr>
			<td>Water Bath 30 Litre with Suspended Tray</td>
			<td>Thermoline Scientific</td>
			<td>TLWB-30</td>
			<td>Rig Construction</td>
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using an isolated working rat heart model to test donor heart preservation strategies

<meta charset="utf8"></head><body>作者聚焦:通过离体大鼠心脏灌注研究增强供体心脏保存

使用分离的工作大鼠心脏模型测试供体心脏保存策略

Optimization of donor heart preservation solutions has played a key role in reducing ischemia-reperfusion injury in donor hearts during organ retrieval, ...

using-an-isolated-working-rat-heart-model-to-test-donor-heart

Research

JoVE Journal

Medicine

Using an Isolated Working Rat Heart Model to Test Donor Heart Preservation Strategies

349 次观看.  Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute. 我们的研究使用离体大鼠心脏灌注回路来测试保存供体心脏的补充策略。我们的目标是确定可以改善供体心脏在循环死亡后长期冷藏或长期热缺血后功能恢复的保存策略。大鼠心脏方案中的分离工作用于初步测试当前临床供体心脏保存策略，即在心脏保存溶液中使用硝酸甘油酯和促红细胞生成素。这为在过渡到临床之前进行猪心脏移植研究的检...

视频: 作者聚焦:通过离体大鼠心脏灌注研究增强供体心脏保存

Orthotopic Aortic Transplantation: A Rat Model to Study the Development of Chronic Vasculopathy

Research models of chronic rejection are essential to investigate pathobiological and pathophysiological processes during the development of transplant vasculopathy (TVP).
The commonly used animal model for cardiovascular chronic rejection studies is the heterotopic heart transplant model performed in laboratory rodents. This model is used widely in experiments since Ono and Lindsey (3) published their technique. To analyze the findings in the blood vessels, the heart has to be sectioned and all vessels have to be measured.
Another method to investigate chronic rejection in cardiovascular questionings is the aortic transplant model (1, 2). In the orthotopic aortic transplant model, the aorta can easily be histologically evaluated (2). The PVG-to-ACI model is especially useful for CAV studies, since acute vascular rejection is not a major confounding factor and Cyclosporin A (CsA) treatment does not prevent the development of CAV, similar to what we find in the clinical setting (4). A7-day period of CsA is required in this model to prevent acute rejection and to achieve long-term survival with the development of TVP.
This model can also be used to investigate acute cellular rejection and media necrosis in xenogeneic models (5).

This video demonstrates the orthotopic aortic transplant model as a simple model to study the development of transplant vasculopathy (TVP) in rats.

主动脉原位移植大鼠模型，研究慢性血管病变的发展

Research models of chronic rejection are essential to investigate pathobiological and pathophysiological processes during the development of transplant ...

科研

医学

Using Quantitative Real-time PCR to Determine Donor Cell Engraftment in a Competitive Murine Bone Marrow Transplantation Model

Murine bone marrow transplantation models provide an important tool in measuring hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) functions and determining genes/molecules that regulate HSCs. In these transplant model systems, the function of HSCs is determined by the ability of these cells to engraft and reconstitute lethally irradiated recipient mice. Commonly, the donor cell contribution/engraftment is measured by antibodies to donor- specific cell surface proteins using flow cytometry. However, this method heavily depends on the specificity and the ability of the cell surface marker to differentiate donor-derived cells from recipient-originated cells, which may not be available for all mouse strains. Considering the various backgrounds of genetically modified mouse strains in the market, this cell surface/ flow cytometry-based method has significant limitations especially in mouse strains that lack well-defined surface markers to separate donor cells from congenic recipient cells. Here, we reported a PCR-based technique to determine donor cell engraftment/contribution in transplant recipient mice. We transplanted male donor bone marrow HSCs to lethally irradiated congenic female mice. Peripheral blood samples were collected at different time points post transplantation. Bone marrow samples were obtained at the end of the experiments. Genomic DNA was isolated and the Y chromosome specific gene, Zfy1, was amplified using quantitative Real time PCR. The engraftment of male donor-derived cells in the female recipient mice was calculated against standard curve with known percentage of male vs. female DNAs. Bcl2 was used as a reference gene to normalize the total DNA amount. Our data suggested that this approach reliably determines donor cell engraftment and provides a useful, yet simple method in measuring hematopoietic cell reconstitution in murine bone marrow transplantation models. Our method can be routinely performed in most laboratories because no costly equipment such as flow cytometry is required.

Determining donor cell engraftment presents a challenge in mouse bone marrow transplant models that lack well-defined phenotypical markers. We described a methodology to quantify male donor cell engraftment in female transplant recipient mice. This method can be used in all mouse strains for the study of HSC functions.

采用实时定量PCR检测供体细胞植入一个具有竞争力的小鼠骨髓移植模型

Murine bone marrow transplantation models provide an important tool in measuring hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) functions and determining genes/molecules ...

An Isolated Working Heart System for Large Animal Models

Since its introduction in the late 19th century, the Langendorff isolated heart perfusion apparatus, and the subsequent development of the working heart model, have been invaluable tools for studying cardiovascular function and disease1-15. Although the Langendorff heart preparation can be used for any mammalian heart, most studies involving this apparatus use small animal models (e.g., mouse, rat, and rabbit) due to the increased complexity of systems for larger mammals1,3,11. One major difficulty is ensuring a constant coronary perfusion pressure over a range of different heart sizes &#8211; a key component of any experiment utilizing this device1,11. By replacing the classic hydrostatic afterload column with a centrifugal pump, the Langendorff working heart apparatus described below allows for easy adjustment and tight regulation of perfusion pressures, meaning the same set-up can be used for various species or heart sizes. Furthermore, this configuration can also seamlessly switch between constant pressure or constant flow during reperfusion, depending on the user&#8217;s preferences. The open nature of this setup, despite making temperature regulation more difficult than other designs, allows for easy collection of effluent and ventricular pressure-volume data.

Most studies involving the Langendorff apparatus use small animal models due to the increased complexity of systems for larger mammals. We describe a Langendorff system for large animal models that allows for use across a range of species, including humans, and relatively easy data acquisition.

一个孤立的工作心脏系统的大型动物模型

Since its introduction in the late 19th century, the Langendorff isolated heart perfusion apparatus, and the subsequent development of the working heart ...

Method of Isolated Ex Vivo Lung Perfusion in a Rat Model: Lessons Learned from Developing a Rat EVLP Program

The number of acceptable donor lungs available for lung transplantation is severely limited due to poor quality. Ex-Vivo Lung Perfusion (EVLP) has allowed lung transplantation in humans to become more readily available by enabling the ability to assess organs and expand the donor pool. As this technology expands and improves, the ability to potentially evaluate and improve the quality of substandard lungs prior to transplant is a critical need. In order to more rigorously evaluate these approaches, a reproducible animal model needs to be established that would allow for testing of improved techniques and management of the donated lungs as well as to the lung-transplant recipient. In addition, an EVLP animal model of associated pathologies, e.g., ventilation induced lung injury (VILI), would provide a novel method to evaluate treatments for these pathologies. Here, we describe the development of a rat EVLP lung program and refinements to this method that allow for a reproducible model for future expansion. We also describe the application of this EVLP system to model VILI in rat lungs. The goal is to provide the research community with key information and &#8220;pearls of wisdom&#8221;/techniques that arose from trial and error and are critical to establishing an EVLP system that is robust and reproducible.

Method of Isolated Ex Vivo Lung Perfusion in a Rat Model: Lessons Learned from Developing a Rat EVLP Program

Ex-Vivo Lung Perfusion (EVLP) has allowed lung transplantation in humans to become more readily available by enabling the ability to assess organs and expand the donor pool. Here, we describe the development of a rat EVLP program and refinements that allow for a reproducible model for future expansion.

的隔离方法<em&gt;离体</em&gt;肺灌注的大鼠模型:教训制定鼠EVLP课程中学

The number of acceptable donor lungs available for lung transplantation is severely limited due to poor quality. Ex-Vivo Lung Perfusion (EVLP) has allowed ...

Murine Isolated Heart Model of Myocardial Stunning Associated with Cardioplegic Arrest

The following protocol is of use to evaluate impaired cardiac function or myocardial stunning following moderate ischemic insults. The technique is useful for modeling ischemic injury associated with numerous clinically relevant phenomenon including cardiac surgery with cardioplegic arrest and cardiopulmonary bypass, off-pump CABG, transplant, angina, brief ischemia, etc. The protocol presents a general method to model hypothermic hyperkalemic cardioplegic arrest and reperfusion in rodent hearts focusing on measurement of myocardial contractile function. In brief, a mouse heart is perfused in langendorff mode, instrumented with an intraventricular balloon, and baseline cardiac functional parameters are recorded. Following stabilization, the heart is then subject to brief infusion of a cardioprotective hypothermic cardioplegia solution to initiate diastolic arrest. Cardioplegia is delivered intermittently over 2 hr. The heart is then reperfused and warmed to normothermic temperatures and recovery of myocardial function is monitored. Use of this protocol results in reliable depressed cardiac contractile function free from gross myocardial tissue damage in rodents.

The goal of this protocol to assess myocardial stunning following ischemic cardioplegic arrest in rodents.

心肌顿抑相关的小鼠离体心脏模型心脏停搏

The following protocol is of use to evaluate impaired cardiac function or myocardial stunning following moderate ischemic insults. The technique is useful ...

Vein Interposition Model: A Suitable Model to Study Bypass Graft Patency

Bypass grafting is an established treatment method for coronary artery disease. Graft patency continues to be the Achilles heel of saphenous vein grafts. Research models for bypass graft failure are essential for a better understanding of pathobiological and pathophysiological processes during graft patency loss. Large animal models, such as pigs or sheep, resemble human anatomical structures but require special facilities and equipment. This video describes a rat vein interposition model to investigate vein graft patency loss. Rats are inexpensive and easy to handle. Compared to mouse models, the convenient size of rats permits better operability and enables a sufficient amount of material to be obtained for further diverse analysis. In brief, the inferior epigastric vein of a donor rat is harvested and used to replace a segment of the femoral artery. Anastomosis is conducted via single stitches and sealed with fibrin glue. Graft patency can be monitored non-invasively using duplex sonography. Myointimal hyperplasia, which is the main cause for graft patency loss, develops progressively over time and can be calculated from histological cross sections.

This video demonstrates a model to study the development of myointimal hyperplasia after venous interposition surgery in rats.

静脉介入型号:研究旁路移植通畅一个合适的模型

Bypass grafting is an established treatment method for coronary artery disease. Graft patency continues to be the Achilles heel of saphenous vein grafts. ...

The Inverted Heart Model for Interstitial Transudate Collection from the Isolated Rat Heart

The present protocol describes a unique approach that enables the collection of cardiac transudate (CT) from the isolated, saline-perfused rat heart. After isolation and retrograde perfusion of the heart according to the Langendorff technique, the heart is inverted into an upside-down position and is mechanically stabilized by a balloon catheter inserted into the left ventricle. Then, a thin latex cap &#8211; previously cast to match the average size of the rat heart &#8211; is placed over the epicardial surface. The outlet of the latex cap is connected to silicon tubing, with the distal opening 10 cm below the base level of the heart, creating slight suction. CT continuously produced on the epicardial surface is collected in ice-cooled vials for further analysis. The rate of CT formation ranged from 17 to 147 &#181;L/min (n = 14) in control and infarcted hearts, which represents 0.1-1% of the coronary venous effluent perfusate. Proteomic analysis and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) revealed that the collected CT contains a wide spectrum of proteins and purinergic metabolites.

This protocol describes a method to collect cardiac interstitial fluid from the isolated, perfused rat heart. To physically separate interstitial transudate from coronary venous effluent perfusate, the Langendorff perfused heart is inverted, and the transudate (interstitial fluid) formed on the cardiac surface is collected using a soft latex cap.

从孤立的大鼠心脏的间质渗出物收集的倒置心脏模型

The present protocol describes a unique approach that enables the collection of cardiac transudate (CT) from the isolated, saline-perfused rat heart. ...

A Chronic Cardiac Ischemia Model in Swine Using an Ameroid Constrictor

Cardiovascular disease remains the number one cause of mortality in the United States. There are numerous approaches to treating these diseases, but regardless of the approach, an in vivo model is needed to test each treatment. The pig is one of the most used large animal models for cardiovascular disease. Its heart is very similar in anatomy and function to that of a human. The ameroid placement technique creates an ischemic area of the heart, which has many useful applications in studying myocardial infarction. This model has been used for surgical research, pharmaceutical studies, imaging techniques, and cell therapies.
There are several ways of inducing an ischemic area in the heart. Each has its advantages and disadvantages, but the placement of an ameroid constrictor remains the most widely used technique. The main advantages to using the ameroid are its prevalence in existing research, its availability in various sizes to accommodate the anatomy and size of the vessel to be constricted, the surgery is a relatively simple procedure, and the post-operative monitoring is minimal, since there are no external devices to maintain. This paper provides a detailed overview of the proper technique for the placement of the ameroid constrictor.

The purpose of this protocol is to demonstrate the placement of a delayed constricting device (an ameroid constrictor) around a coronary artery in a swine model. This device creates an ischemic area of the heart that is useful for studying new diagnostic imaging techniques and new methods of treatment.

应用 Ameroid 的猪慢性心肌缺血模型

Cardiovascular disease remains the number one cause of mortality in the United States. There are numerous approaches to treating these diseases, but ...

A Rat Model of Pressure Overload Induced Moderate Remodeling and Systolic Dysfunction as Opposed to Overt Systolic Heart Failure

In response to an injury, such as myocardial infarction, prolonged hypertension or a cardiotoxic agent, the heart initially adapts through the activation of signal transduction pathways, to counteract, in the short-term, for the cardiac myocyte loss and or the increase in wall stress. However, prolonged activation of these pathways becomes detrimental leading to the initiation and propagation of cardiac remodeling leading to changes in left ventricular geometry and increases in left ventricular volumes; a phenotype seen in patients with systolic heart failure (HF). Here, we describe the creation of a rat model of pressure overload induced moderate remodeling and early systolic dysfunction (MOD) by ascending aortic banding (AAB) via a vascular clip with an internal area of 2 mm2. The surgery is performed in 200 g Sprague-Dawley rats. The MOD HF phenotype develops at 8-12 weeks after AAB and is characterized noninvasively by means of echocardiography. Previous work suggests the activation of signal transduction pathways and altered gene expression and post-translational modification of proteins in the MOD HF phenotype that mimic those seen in human systolic HF; therefore, making the MOD HF phenotype a suitable model for translational research to identify and test potential therapeutic anti-remodeling targets in HF. The advantages of the MOD HF phenotype compared to the overt systolic HF phenotype is that it allows for the identification of molecular targets involved in the early remodeling process and the early application of therapeutic interventions. The limitation of the MOD HF phenotype is that it may not mimic the spectrum of diseases leading to systolic HF in human. Moreover, it is a challenging phenotype to create, as the AAB surgery is associated with high mortality and failure rates with only 20% of operated rats developing the desired HF phenotype.

We describe the creation of a rat model of pressure overload induced moderate remodeling and early systolic dysfunction where signal transduction pathways involved in the initiation of the remodeling process are activated. This animal model will aid in identifying molecular targets for applying early therapeutic anti-remodeling strategies for heart failure.

压力过载诱导中度重塑和收缩功能障碍的大鼠模型，而不是过度收缩性心力衰竭

In response to an injury, such as myocardial infarction, prolonged hypertension or a cardiotoxic agent, the heart initially adapts through the activation ...

An Image Guided Transapical Mitral Valve Leaflet Puncture Model of Controlled Volume Overload from Mitral Regurgitation in the Rat

Mitral regurgitation (MR) is a widely prevalent heart valve lesion, which causes cardiac remodeling and leads to congestive heart failure. Though the risks of uncorrected MR and its poor prognosis are known, the longitudinal changes in cardiac function, structure and remodeling are incompletely understood. This knowledge gap has limited our understanding of the optimal timing for MR correction, and the benefit that early versus late MR correction may have on the left ventricle. To investigate the molecular mechanisms that underlie left ventricular remodeling in the setting of MR, animal models are necessary. Traditionally, the aorto-caval fistula model has been used to induce volume overload, which differs from clinically relevant lesions such as MR. MR represents a low-pressure volume overload hemodynamic stressor, which requires animal models that mimic this condition. Herein, we describe a rodent model of severe MR in which the anterior leaflet of the rat mitral valve is perforated with a 23G needle, in a beating heart, with echocardiographic image guidance. The severity of MR is assessed and confirmed with echocardiography, and the reproducibility of the model is reported.&#160;&#160;

A rodent model of left heart volume overload from mitral regurgitation is reported. Mitral regurgitation of controlled severity is induced by advancing a needle of defined dimensions into the anterior leaflet of the mitral valve, in a beating heart, with ultrasound guidance.&#160;

大鼠中三极重化控制体积过载的图像引导透射斜线阀传单穿刺模型

Mitral regurgitation (MR) is a widely prevalent heart valve lesion, which causes cardiac remodeling and leads to congestive heart failure. Though the ...