Diese Studie wurde durch die &quot;Medizinisch-Wissenschaftlichen Fonds des Bürgermeisters von der Stadt Wien&quot; und Ethicon Biosurgery, Inc. New Jersey, USA unterstützt. Die Autoren bedanken sich bei Professor Heber Ferraz-Leite, Direktor des &quot;European Workshop on Mikrochirurgie und Cerebral Revascularization&quot; an der Medizinischen Universität Wien, Österreich, für seine wertvolle mikrochirurgischen Lehre.

1. Positionierung und Vorbereitung des Tieres Die Experimente wurden von den zuständigen lokalen Ethikkommission genehmigt und durchgeführt nach den FELASA Richtlinien. <ol><li> Starten Sie eine Vollnarkose des weiblichen New Zealand White Kaninchen (2,5-3,5 kg) mit intramuskulären Injektion von Ketamin (30mg/kg) und Xylazin (6mg/kg) und weiter nach mechanischer Intubation (Tubus Durchmesser 4mm, Länge 18mm) mit Gas Anästhesie ( Isofluran) unter EKG-Überwachung. Führen Sie Schmerzen Überwachung per Fuß Prise alle 15 Minuten und passen Anästhesie im Falle einer positiven Antwort. </li><li> Fix das Kaninchen in Rückenlage auf einer bodywarm Platte. </li><li> Bereiten Sie den Bereich für die Chirurgie durch die Entfernung der Haare die sich vom Kieferwinkel bis zur Mitte des Thorax. Führen Sie alle unter sterilen Bedingungen. </li></ol> 2. Vorbereitung der externen Halsschlagader <ol><li> Führen Sie eine Mittellinienschnitt vom Kieferwinkel bis zum Manubrium sterni. </li><li> Mit dem Operationsmikroskop, wählen Sie eine 1 cm langes Segment des linken äußeren Halsschlagader ohne venösen Äste und isolieren mikrochirurgisch (Abb. 1a). Während der ganzen Operation häufig gelten 4% Papaverin HCl-Lösung und Antibiotika-Lösung (Neomycinsulfat 5mg/ml) topisch auf die Gefäße und Anastomosen zu Vasospasmus und lokale Infektionen zu verhindern. </li><li> Ligieren die Vene proximal und distal mit 4-0 polyfile Nähten (Vicryl, Ethicon Inc, New Jersey, USA), dann resezieren es und halten es in heparinisierten Kochsalzlösung (1000 IE Heparin in 20 ml 0,9% iger Kochsalzlösung und 1 ml 4% Papaverin HCl ). </li></ol> 3. Vorbereitung der beiden Arteria carotis communis (CCA) <ol><li> Bereiten Sie ein Segment des linken CCA Erreichen der Carotis-Bifurkation bis in den Aortenbogen. Preserve so weit wie möglich Arterienäste läuft medial und die Versorgung des Kehlkopfes und der Luftröhre Strukturen sowie alle neuronalen Strukturen. </li><li> Bereiten Sie die rechte CCA. Mobilisieren Sie es bis zu der Carotis-Bifurkation und hinunter zum bracchiocephalic Kofferraum. </li><li> Administer 1000 IE Heparin intravenös. </li><li> Clip der rechten CCA vorübergehend knapp unterhalb der Carotis-Bifurkation. </li><li> Ligieren des rechten CCA proximal direkt oberhalb des Truncus brachiocephalicus. Schneiden Sie die rechte CCA oberhalb der Ligatur und bewässern den Stumpf mit heparinisierten Kochsalzlösung. </li><li> Cut und resezieren sorgfältig die Adventitia am freien Ende der rechten CCA. Kostenlose akribisch das Segment der linken CCA für die Anastomose der Adventitia geplant und Clip nach distal und proximal. </li></ol> 4. Anastomose der beiden CCAs <ol><li> Führen Sie eine elliptische Arteriotomie der linken CCA zwischen den Clips entsprechend der Größe der geplanten Anastomose mit der rechten CCA und dem venösen Beutel. Spülen Sie die linke CCA mit heparinisierten Kochsalzlösung. (Abbildung 1b) </li><li> Suture den hinteren Umfang des rechten CCA-Stumpf in die Arteriotomie der linken CCA, mit vier vor fünf nicht-resorbierbaren monofilen Fäden 10-0 (Ethilon 10-0, Ethicon Inc, New Jersey, USA). </li><li> Machen Sie einen Längsschnitt in den Stumpf des rechten CCA auf die Hälfte des Umfangs des venösen Beutel passen. Anastomosieren der Rückseite des venösen Beutelwand zuerst mit dem Arteriotomie in der linken CCA, mit wieder 4 bis 5 10-0 Nähten. Dann anastomosieren der Rückseite des venösen Beutel mit der Rückseite des rechten CCA mit 3 bis 4 Nähten. (Abbildung 1c) </li><li> Führen Sie die Anastomose in der gleichen Reihenfolge an der vorderen Seite. (Abbildung 1d) </li><li> Entfernen Sie die distalen Clip auf der rechten CCA. Das Aneurysma ist in der Regel nicht vollständig versiegelt, also waschen eingeschlossene Luft und Schmutz befreit. </li><li> Seal die Naht Linien um die Anastomose und das Aneurysma Hals mit einem Fettpolster und Fibrinkleber (Evicel, Ethicon Biosurgery Inc., New Jersey, USA). Entfernen Sie die restlichen Clips. </li><li> Verwenden Sie 4-0 resorbierbaren Nähten (Monocryl, Ethicon Inc, New Jersey, USA) für unterbrochene Subkutannähte und dann für eine laufende cutaneus Naht. </li></ol> 5. Postoperative Management <ol><li> Verwalten 10 mg / kg Acetylsalicylsäure intravenös, und 60 ml 5% Glucose subkutan. </li><li> Bewerben transdermales Fentanyl-Matrix-Patches veröffentlichen 12,5 ug / h in die rasierte Halsbereich der Tiere für eine effektive Analgesie während 72 Stunden. </li><li> Verwalten 250 IE / kg niedermolekularen Heparin täglich subkutan für 2 Wochen. </li></ol> 6. Repräsentative Ergebnisse: Wenn das Verfahren korrekt durchgeführt wird, wird das Aneurysma zu bleiben Patent und die Tiere werden innerhalb von etwa 3 Tage zu erholen. In unserer Erfahrung ein bildgebendes Verfahren sollten mindestens getan eine Woche später sein. Ansonsten die Tiere möglicherweise nicht tolerieren wird das Verfahren und könnten verloren gehen. Für Embolisation empfehlen wir für ca. 4 Wochen warten, bis Fertigstellung zu gewährleistente Endothelialisierung des Aneurysmas neck.Using der vorgestellten Techniken und konnten die Autoren Aneurysma Durchgängigkeit in 85,7% und keine Mortalität in ihrem kürzlich veröffentlichten Serie zu erreichen. 14 Um die hohe Rate der gemeldeten Darm-Komplikationen von bis zu 20% verringern, 12 stellten wir eine verlängerte postoperative analgetische Management von 72 Stunden Analgesie zu Routine 24 Stunden analgesia.This verstärkt Management im Vergleich ergaben sich keine Magen-Komplikationen. Die aggressive Antikoagulation Management ist wichtig, um eine ausreichende Aneurysma Offenheitsraten zu erreichen. Dies geht einher mit den Ergebnissen von Grunwald et al. zeigt die positiven Effekte der kombinierten Antikoagulation. 17 Wegen der aggressiven Antikoagulation ist es wichtig, eine wirksame Abdichtung der Anastomose haben. Wir haben sehr gute Erfahrungen mit neuen Fibrinkleber (Evicel, Ethicon Biosurgery Inc., New Jersey, USA). Zusätzlich empfehlen wir die Verwendung kleine Kaninchen (max. 3,5 kg), wie in unserer Erfahrung Komplikationen oft übergewichtigen Probanden verwandt sind.

<ol>
	<li>Molyneux, A., Kerr, R., Yu, L. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=International+subarachnoid+aneurysm+trial+(ISAT)+of+neurosurgical+clipping+versus+endovascular+coiling+in+2143+patients+with+ruptured+intracranial+aneurysms:+a+randomised+comparison+of+effects+on+survival,+dependency,+seizures,+rebleeding,+subgroups,+and+aneurysm+occlusion.">International subarachnoid aneurysm trial (ISAT) of neurosurgical clipping versus endovascular coiling in 2143 patients with ruptured intracranial aneurysms: a randomised comparison of effects on survival, dependency, seizures, rebleeding, subgroups, and aneurysm occlusion.</a> Lancet. 366, 809-817 (2005).</li><li>Mitchell, P., Kerr, R., Mendelow, A., Molyneux, A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Could+late+rebleeding+overturn+the+superiority+of+cranial+aneurysm+coil+embolization+over+clip+ligation+seen+in+the+International+Subarachnoid+Aneurysm+Trial.">Could late rebleeding overturn the superiority of cranial aneurysm coil embolization over clip ligation seen in the International Subarachnoid Aneurysm Trial.</a> J Neurosur. 108, 437-442 (2008).</li><li>Bavinzski, G. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Histopathological+findings+in+experimental+aneurysms+embolized+with+conventional+and+thrombogenic/antithrombolytic+Guglielmi+coils.">Histopathological findings in experimental aneurysms embolized with conventional and thrombogenic/antithrombolytic Guglielmi coils.</a> Minim Invasive Neurosurg. 42, 167-174 (1999).</li><li>Bocher-Schwarz, H. G. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Histological+findings+in+coil-packed+experimental+aneurysms+3+months+after+embolization.">Histological findings in coil-packed experimental aneurysms 3 months after embolization.</a> Neurosurgery. 50, 379-384 (2002).</li><li>Sherif, C., Plenk, H., Grossschmidt, K., Kanz, F., Bavinzski, G. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Computer-assisted+quantification+of+occlusion+and+coil+densities+on+angiographic+and+histological+images+of+experimental+aneurysms.">Computer-assisted quantification of occlusion and coil densities on angiographic and histological images of experimental aneurysms.</a> Neurosurgery. 58, 559-566 (2006).</li><li>Massoud, T., Guglielmi, G., Ji, C. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Experiemental+saccular+aneurysms.+1.+Review+of+surgically+constructed+models+and+their+laboratory+applications.">Experiemental saccular aneurysms. 1. Review of surgically constructed models and their laboratory applications.</a> Neurorad. 36, 537-546 (1994).</li><li>Anidjar, S., Salzmann, J., Gentric, D. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Elastase+induced+experimental+aneurysms+in+rats.">Elastase induced experimental aneurysms in rats.</a> Circulation. 82, 973-981 (1990).</li><li>Wakhloo, A., Schellhammer, F., de Vries, J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Self-expanding+and+balloon-expandable+stents+in+the+treatment+of+carotid+aneurysms:+an+experimental+study+in+a+canine+model.">Self-expanding and balloon-expandable stents in the treatment of carotid aneurysms: an experimental study in a canine model.</a> AJNR. 15, 493-502 (1994).</li><li>Dai, D. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Histopathologic+and+immunohistochemical+comparison+of+human,+rabbit,+and+swine+aneurysms+embolized+with+platinum+coils.">Histopathologic and immunohistochemical comparison of human, rabbit, and swine aneurysms embolized with platinum coils.</a> AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 26, 2560-2568 (2005).</li><li>Shin, Y. S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Creation+of+four+experimental+aneurysms+with+different+hemodynamics+in+one+dog.">Creation of four experimental aneurysms with different hemodynamics in one dog.</a> AJNR. 26, 1764-1767 (2005).</li><li>Abruzzo, T. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Histologic+and+morphologic+comparison+of+experimental+aneurysms+with+human+intracranial+aneurysms.">Histologic and morphologic comparison of experimental aneurysms with human intracranial aneurysms.</a> AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 19, 1309-1314 (1998).</li><li>Bavinzski, G. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Experimental+bifurcation+aneurysm:+a+model+for+in+vivo+evaluation+of+endovascular+techniques.">Experimental bifurcation aneurysm: a model for in vivo evaluation of endovascular techniques.</a> Minim Invasive Neurosurg. 41, 129-132 (1998).</li><li>Spetzger, U. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Microsurgically+produced+bifurcation+aneurysms+in+a+rabbit+model+for+endovascular+coil+embolization.">Microsurgically produced bifurcation aneurysms in a rabbit model for endovascular coil embolization.</a> J Neurosurg. 85, 488-495 (1996).</li><li>Sherif, C., Marbacher, S., Erhardt, S., Fandino, J., J, . <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Improved+microsurgical+creation+of+venous-pouch+arterial-bifurcation+aneurysms+in+rabbits.">Improved microsurgical creation of venous-pouch arterial-bifurcation aneurysms in rabbits.</a> AJNR. , .</li><li>Marbacher, S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Complex+Bi-Lobular,+Bi-Saccular,+and+Broad-Necked+Microsurgical+Aneurysms+Formation+in+the+Rabbit+Bifurcation+Model+for+the+Study+of+Upcoming+Endovascular+Techniques.">Complex Bi-Lobular, Bi-Saccular, and Broad-Necked Microsurgical Aneurysms Formation in the Rabbit Bifurcation Model for the Study of Upcoming Endovascular Techniques.</a> AJNR. , .</li><li>Sherif, C., Plenk, H. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Quantitative+angiographic+and+histopathologic+evaluation+of+experimental+aneurysms.">Quantitative angiographic and histopathologic evaluation of experimental aneurysms.</a> AJNR. , .</li><li>Grunwald, I. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Anticoagulation+regimes+and+their+influence+on+the+occlusion+rate+of+aneurysms:+an+experimental+study+in+rabbits.">Anticoagulation regimes and their influence on the occlusion rate of aneurysms: an experimental study in rabbits.</a> Neurosurg. 57, 1048-1054 (2005).</li><li>Forrest, M. D., O'Reilly, G. V. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Production+of+experimental+aneurysms+at+a+surgically+created+arterial+bifurcation.">Production of experimental aneurysms at a surgically created arterial bifurcation.</a> AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 10, 400-402 (1989).</li></ol>

Die Autoren empfehlen, rücksichtsvoll folgende kritische chirurgische wichtige Schritte, um gute Ergebnisse und Patentanmeldungen Aneurysmen zu erreichen: <ol><li> Eine sorgfältige Präparation ein langes Segment des linken CCA für die einfache Anastomose ohne Zerstörung von Nerven und kleinen Gefäßen. </li><li> Vorsichtiges Entfernen der hoch thrombogene periadventitial Bindegewebe vor der Gründung der Anastomose. </li><li> Erstellung einer spannungslosen Anastomose. </li><li> Weniger Nähte: Die vorgeschlag...

<table border="1"><tbody><tr><th> Name des Reagenzes </th><th> Firma </th><th> Katalog-Nummer </th><th> Kommentare </th></tr><tr><td> Vicryl4-0 polyfile wiederherstellbar Nähten </td><td> Ethicon Inc </td><td> J386H </td><td></td></tr><tr><td> Ethilon 10-0 monofil nicht resorbierbare Fäden </td><td> Ethicon Inc </td><td> 2814 </td><td> Kegel Punkt Nadel </td></tr><tr><td> Evicel BioGlue </td><td> Ethicon Biosurgery Inc. </td><td> 3901 </td><td></td></tr><tr><td> Fentanyl Hautpflaster 12,5 ug / h </td><td></td><td></td><td> Jede GENERICON </td></tr><tr><td> Heparin </td><td></td><td></td><td> Jede GENERICON </td></tr><tr><td> 0,9% Saline </td><td></td><td></td><td> Jede GENERICON </td></tr><tr><td> 4% Papaverin HCl </td><td></td><td></td><td> Jede GENERICON </td></tr><tr><td> Neomycinsulfat 5 mg / ml </td><td></td><td></td><td> Jede GENERICON </td></tr><tr><td> Ketamin 50mg/ml </td><td></td><td></td><td> Jede GENERICON </td></tr><tr><td> Xylazin 20mg/ml </td><td></td><td></td><td> Jede GENERICON </td></tr></tbody></table>

microsurgical venous pouch arterial-bifurcation aneurysms in the rabbit model: technical aspects

Für geplatzten menschlichen zerebralen Aneurysmen endovaskuläre Embolisation geworden eine gleichwertige Alternative zu Aneurysma Clipping. 1 Allerdings großen klinischen Studien haben enttäuschende Langzeitergebnisse mit inakzeptablen hohen Aneurysma Rekanalisation und verzögerte Aneurysmaruptur gezeigt. 2 Um diese Probleme zu überwinden, tierexperimentelle Studien sind für die Entwicklung besserer endovaskulären Geräten von entscheidender Bedeutung. 3-5 Mehrere Tiermodelle in Ratten, Kaninchen, Hunden und Schweinen zur Verfügung. 6-8 Vergleiche der verschiedenen Tiermodellen zeigten die Überlegenheit der Kaninchen-Modell im Hinblick auf die Hämodynamik und die Vergleichbarkeit des Gerinnungssystems und Wirtschaftlichkeit. 9-11 Das venöse Beutel arteriellen Bifurkation Modell in Kaninchen wird von einer venösen Beutel in einer künstlich geschaffenen wahren Bifurkation beider Arteria carotis communis (CCA) vernäht gebildet. Der Hauptvorteil dieses Modells sind wahre bifurcational Hämodynamik. 12 Die größten Nachteile sind die hohen sofar mikrochirurgischen technischen Anforderungen und eine hohe Morbidität und Mortalität von bis zu 50%. 13 Diese Beschränkungen haben in seltener Verwendung dieses Aneurysma-Modell in der letzten Folge Jahren. Diese Mängel mit verbesserten chirurgischen Verfahren zu überwinden und modifiziert werden peri-und postoperative analgetische Management und Antikoagulation. 14-16 Unsere Techniken in dieser Veröffentlichung zeigen die optimierte Technik zur mikrochirurgischen Schaffung arteriellen Bifurkation Aneurysmen.

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Microsurgical Venous Pouch Arterial-Bifurcation Aneurysms in the Rabbit Model: Technical Aspects at JoVE.com

Microsurgical Venous Pouch Arterial-Bifurcation Aneurysms in the Rabbit Model: Technical Aspects

Eine optimierte Technik zur mikrochirurgischen Schaffung arteriellen Bifurkation Aneurysmen imitiert Bifurkation menschlichen zerebralen Aneurysmen beschrieben. Eine venöse Beutel wird in eine künstlich geschaffene wahre Bifurkation beider Arteria carotis communis vernäht. Erleichterte mikrochirurgische Techniken und aggressive postoperative Antikoagulation und Analgesie zu minimieren Morbidität und hohe Aneurysma Offenheitsraten führen.

Mikrochirurgische venöse Pouch Arterial-Bifurcation Aneurysmen in the Rabbit Modell: Technische Aspekte

For ruptured human cerebral aneurysms endovascular embolization has become an equivalent alternative to aneurysm clipping.1 However, large clinical trials ...

microsurgical-venous-pouch-arterial-bifurcation-aneurysms-rabbit

Research

JoVE Journal

Medicine

13.9K Aufrufe.  Hospital Rudolfstiftung. Eine optimierte Technik zur mikrochirurgischen Schaffung arteriellen Bifurkation Aneurysmen imitiert Bifurkation menschlichen zerebralen Aneurysmen beschrieben. Eine venöse Beutel wird in eine künstlich geschaffene wahre Bifurkation beider Arteria carotis communis vernäht. Erleichterte mikrochirurgische Techniken und aggressive postoperative Antikoagulation und Analgesie zu minimieren Morbidität und hohe Aneurysma Offenheitsraten führen.

Serie: Microsurgical Venous Pouch Arterial-Bifurcation Aneurysms in the Rabbit Model: Technical Aspects

Technical Aspects of the Mouse Aortocaval Fistula

Technical aspects of creating an arteriovenous fistula in the mouse are discussed. Under general anesthesia, an abdominal incision is made, and the aorta and inferior vena cava (IVC) are exposed. The proximal infrarenal aorta and the distal aorta are dissected for clamp placement and needle puncture, respectively. Special attention is paid to avoid dissection between the aorta and the IVC. After clamping the aorta, a 25 G needle is used to puncture both walls of the aorta into the IVC. The surrounding connective tissue is used for hemostatic compression. Successful creation of the AVF will show pulsatile arterial blood flow in the IVC. Further confirmation of successful AVF can be achieved by post-operative Doppler ultrasound.

The goal is to produce an arteriovenous fistula that is simple and reproducible. This method does not use sutures or glue adhesive. Therefore the samples can be used with the least amount of foreign materials for analysis.

Technische Aspekte der Maus aortokavaler Fistel

Technical aspects of creating an arteriovenous fistula in the mouse are discussed. Under general anesthesia, an abdominal incision is made, and the aorta ...

Forschung

Medizin

The Helsinki Rat Microsurgical Sidewall Aneurysm Model

Experimental saccular aneurysm models are necessary for testing novel surgical and endovascular treatment options and devices before they are introduced into clinical practice. Furthermore, experimental models are needed to elucidate the complex aneurysm biology leading to rupture of saccular aneurysms.
Several different kinds of experimental models for saccular aneurysms have been established in different species. Many of them, however, require special skills, expensive equipment, or special environments, which limits their widespread use. A simple, robust, and inexpensive experimental model is needed as a standardized tool that can be used in a standardized manner in various institutions.
The microsurgical rat abdominal aortic sidewall aneurysm model combines the possibility to study both novel endovascular treatment strategies and the molecular basis of aneurysm biology in a standardized and inexpensive manner. Standardized grafts by means of shape, size, and geometry are harvested from a donor rat&#39;s descending thoracic aorta and then transplanted to a syngenic recipient rat. The aneurysms are sutured end-to-side with continuous or interrupted 9-0 nylon sutures to the infrarenal abdominal aorta.
We present step-by-step procedural instructions, information on necessary equipment, and discuss important anatomical and surgical details for successful microsurgical creation of an abdominal aortic sidewall aneurysm in the rat.

Microsurgical sidewall aneurysms in rats are created by end-to-side anastomosis of an aortic graft to the abdominal aorta. We present step-by-step instructions and discuss anatomical and surgical details for successful experimental saccular aneurysm creation.

Der Rat von Helsinki Mikroseitenwand Aneurysma Modell

Experimental saccular aneurysm models are necessary for testing novel surgical and endovascular treatment options and devices before they are introduced ...

The Rabbit Blood-shunt Model for the Study of Acute and Late Sequelae of Subarachnoid Hemorrhage: Technical Aspects

Early brain injury and delayed cerebral vasospasm both contribute to unfavorable outcomes after subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). Reproducible and controllable animal models that simulate both conditions are presently uncommon. Therefore, new models are needed in order to mimic human pathophysiological conditions resulting from SAH.
This report describes the technical nuances of a rabbit blood-shunt SAH model that enables control of intracerebral pressure (ICP). An extracorporeal shunt is placed between the arterial system and the subarachnoid space, which enables examiner-independent SAH in a closed cranium. Step-by-step procedural instructions and necessary equipment are described, as well as technical considerations to produce the model with minimal mortality and morbidity. Important details required for successful surgical creation of this robust, simple and consistent ICP-controlled SAH rabbit model are described.

The experimental intracranial pressure-controlled blood shunt subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) model in the rabbit combines the standard procedures &#8212; subclavian artery cannulation and transcutaneous cisterna magna puncture, which enables close mimicking of human pathophysiological conditions after SAH. We present step-by-step instructions and discuss key surgical points for successful experimental SAH creation.

Das Kaninchen Blut-Shunt-Modell für die Untersuchung von akuten und Spätfolgen Subarachnoidalblutung: Technische Aspekte

Early brain injury and delayed cerebral vasospasm both contribute to unfavorable outcomes after subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). Reproducible and ...

A Murine Model of Arterial Restenosis: Technical Aspects of Femoral Wire Injury

Cardiovascular disease caused by atherosclerosis is the leading cause of death in the developed world. Narrowing of the vessel lumen, due to atherosclerotic plaque development or the rupturing of established plaques, interrupts normal blood flow leading to various morbidities such as myocardial infarction and stroke. In the clinic endovascular procedures such as angioplasty are commonly performed to reopen the lumen. However, these treatments inevitably damage the vessel wall as well as the vascular endothelium, triggering an excessive healing response and the development of a neointimal plaque that extends into the lumen causing vessel restenosis (re-narrowing). Restenosis remains a major cause of failure of endovascular treatments for atherosclerosis. Thus, preclinical animal models of restenosis are vitally important for investigating the pathophysiological mechanisms as well as translational approaches to vascular interventions. Among several murine experimental models, femoral artery wire injury is widely accepted as the most suitable for studies of post-angioplasty restenosis because it closely resembles the angioplasty procedure that injures both endothelium and vessel wall. However, many researchers have difficulty utilizing this model due to its high degree of technical difficulty. This is primarily because a metal wire needs to be inserted into the femoral artery, which is approximately three times thinner than the wire, to generate sufficient injury to induce prominent neointima. Here, we describe the essential surgical details to effectively overcome the major technical difficulties of this model. By following the presented procedures, performing the mouse femoral artery wire injury becomes easier. Once familiarized, the whole procedure can be completed within 20 min.

The mouse femoral artery wire injury model of restenosis is technically challenging. In this protocol we show the key technical details essential for successfully performing wire injury to induce consistent&#160;neointima for studies of restenosis.

Ein Mausmodell von arterieller Restenose: Technische Aspekte der Femoral Draht Injury

Cardiovascular disease caused by atherosclerosis is the leading cause of death in the developed world. Narrowing of the vessel lumen, due to ...

Isometric Contractility Measurement of the Mouse Mesenteric Artery Using Wire Myography

The wire myograph technique is used to assess the contractility of vascular smooth muscles in response to depolarization, GPCR agonists/inhibitors and drugs. It is widely used in many studies on the physiological functions of vascular smooth muscle, the pathogenesis of vascular diseases such as hypertension, and the development of smooth muscle relaxant drugs. The mouse is a widely used model animal with a large pool of disease models and genetically modified strains. We introduced this method to measure the isometric contraction of mouse mesenteric artery in detail. A 1.4-mm segment of mouse mesenteric resistance artery was isolated and mounted on a myograph chamber by passing two steel wires through its lumen. After equilibration and normalization steps, the vessel segment was potentiated by a high-K+ solution twice prior to the contraction assay. As an example of the application of this method in drug development, we measured the relaxant effect of a novel natural substance, neoliensinine, isolated from a Chinese herb, embryos of the lotus seed (Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn.) on mouse mesenteric arteries. The vessel segments mounted on the myograph chamber were stimulated with a high-K+ solution. When the force tension reached a stable sustained phase, cumulative doses of neoliensinine were added to the chamber. We found that neoliensinine had a dose-dependent relaxant effect on smooth muscle contraction, thus suggesting that it bears potential activity against hypertension. In addition, as the vessel segment can survive at least 4 hours after mounting and maintain contractility induced by the high-K+ solution for many times, we suggest that the wire myograph system may be used for the time-consuming process of drug screening.

The wire myograph technique is used to investigate vascular smooth muscle functions and screen new drugs. We report a detailed protocol for measuring the isometric contractility of the mouse mesenteric artery and for screening new relaxants of vascular smooth muscle.

Messung der isometrischen Kontraktilität der Maus mesenterialen Arterie mit Draht Myographie

The wire myograph technique is used to assess the contractility of vascular smooth muscles in response to depolarization, GPCR agonists/inhibitors and ...

Transthoracic Echocardiographic Examination in the Rabbit Model

Large animal models such as the rabbit are valuable for translational preclinical research. Rabbits have a similar cardiac electrophysiology compared to that of humans and that of other large animal models such as dogs and pigs. However, the rabbit model has the additional advantage of lower maintenance costs compared to other large animal models. The longitudinal evaluation of cardiac function using echocardiography, when appropriately implemented, is a useful methodology for preclinical assessment of novel therapies for heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (e.g. cardiac regeneration). The correct use of this non-invasive tool requires the implementation of a standardized examination protocol following international guidelines. Here we describe, step by step, a detailed protocol supervised by veterinary cardiologists for performing echocardiography in the rabbit model, and demonstrate how to correctly obtain the different echocardiographic views and imaging planes, as well as the different imaging modes available in a clinical echocardiography system routinely used in human and veterinary patients.

Here we describe, step by step, a detailed protocol for performing echocardiography in the rabbit model. We show how to correctly obtain the different echocardiographic views and imaging planes, as well as the different imaging modes available in a clinical echocardiography system routinely used in human and veterinary patients.

Transthorakale Echokardiographische Untersuchung im Kaninchenmodell

Large animal models such as the rabbit are valuable for translational preclinical research. Rabbits have a similar cardiac electrophysiology compared to ...

A Rabbit Venous Interposition Model Mimicking Revascularization Surgery using Vein Grafts to Assess Intimal Hyperplasia under Arterial Blood Pressure

Although vein grafts have been commonly used as autologous grafts in revascularization surgeries for ischemic diseases, the long-term patency remains poor because of the acceleration of intimal hyperplasia due to the exposure to arterial blood pressure. The present protocol is designed for the establishment of experimental venous intimal hyperplasia by interposing rabbit jugular veins to the ipsilateral carotid arteries. The protocol does not require surgical procedures deep in the body trunk and the extent of the incision is limited, which is less invasive for the animals, allowing long-term observation after implantation. This simple procedure enables researchers to investigate strategies to attenuate the progression of intimal hyperplasia of the implanted vein grafts. Using this protocol, we reported the effects transduction of microRNA-145 (miR-145), which is known to control the phenotype of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) from the proliferative to the contractile state, into harvested vein grafts. We confirmed the attenuation of intimal hyperplasia of vein grafts by transducing miR-145 before implantation surgery through the phenotype change of the VSMCs. Here we report a less invasive experimental platform to investigate the strategies that can be used to attenuate intimal hyperplasia of vein grafts in revascularization surgeries.

The present protocol aims to experimentally create venous intimal hyperplasia by subjecting veins to arterial blood pressure for developing strategies to attenuate venous intimal hyperplasia following revascularization surgery using vein grafts.

A Rabbit Venous Interposition Model Mimicking Revascularization Surgery using Vein Grafts to Assess Intimal Hyperplasia under Arteriellen Blutdruck

Although vein grafts have been commonly used as autologous grafts in revascularization surgeries for ischemic diseases, the long-term patency remains poor ...

Creation of Two Saccular Elastase-Digested Aneurysms with Different Hemodynamics in One Rabbit

Preclinical animal models with hemodynamic, morphologic, and histologic characteristics close to human intracranial aneurysms play a key role in the understanding of the pathophysiological processes and the development and testing of new therapeutic strategies. This study aims to describe a new rabbit aneurysm model that allows the creation of two elastase-digested saccular aneurysms with different hemodynamic conditions within the same animal.
Five female New Zealand white rabbits with a mean weight of 4.0 (&#177; 0.3) kg and mean age of 25 (&#177;5) weeks underwent microsurgical stump and bifurcation aneurysm creation. One aneurysm (stump) was created by right common carotid artery (CCA) exposure at its origin at the brachiocephalic trunk. A temporary clip was applied at the CCA origin and another, 2 cm above. This segment was treated with a local injection of 100 U of elastase for 20 min. A second aneurysm (bifurcation) was created by suturing an elastase-treated arterial pouch into the end-to-side anastomosis of the right CCA to left CCA. Patency was controlled by fluorescence angiography immediately after creation.
The average duration of surgery was 221 min. The creation of two aneurysms in the same animal was successful in all rabbits without complication. All aneurysms were patent immediately after surgery except for one bifurcation aneurysm, which showed an extreme tissue reaction due to elastase incubation and an immediate intraluminal thrombosis. No mortality was observed during surgery and up to one-month follow-up. Morbidity was limited to a transient vestibular syndrome (one rabbit), which recovered spontaneously within one day.
Demonstrated here for the first time is the feasibility of creating a two-aneurysm rabbit model with stump and bifurcation hemodynamic characteristics and highly degenerated wall conditions. This model allows the study of the natural course and potential treatment strategies on the basis of aneurysm biology under different flow conditions.

This protocol describes the steps for the creation of a rabbit model with two elastase-digested aneurysms with different hemodynamics (stump and bifurcation constellation). This allows the testing of novel endovascular devices in aneurysms with different angioarchitecture and hemodynamic conditions within a single animal.

Erzeugung von zwei sackförmigen Elastase-verdauten Aneurysmen mit unterschiedlicher Hämodynamik bei einem Kaninchen

Preclinical animal models with hemodynamic, morphologic, and histologic characteristics close to human intracranial aneurysms play a key role in the ...

Isolated Lung Perfusion System in the Rabbit Model

The isolated lung perfusion system has been widely used in pulmonary research, contributing to elucidate the lungs&#39; inner workings, both micro and macroscopically. This technique is useful in the characterization of pulmonary physiology and pathology by measuring metabolic activities and respiratory functions, including interactions between circulatory substances and the effects of inhaled or perfused substances, as in drug testing. While in vitro methods involve the slicing and culturing of tissues, the isolated ex vivo lung perfusion system allows to work with a complete functional organ making possible the study of a continuous physiological function while recreating ventilation and perfusion. However, it should be noted that the effects of the absence of central innervation and lymphatic drainage still have to be fully assessed. This protocol aims to describe the assembly of the isolated lung apparatus, followed by the surgical extraction and cannulation of lungs and heart from experimental lab animals, as well as to display the perfusion technique and signal processing of data. The average viability of the isolated lung ranges between 5-8 h; during this period, the pulmonary capillary permeability increases, causing edema and lung injury. The functionality of preserved pulmonary tissue is measured by the capillary filtration coefficient (Kfc), used to determine the extent of pulmonary edema through time.

The isolated rabbit lung preparation is a gold standard tool in pulmonary research. This publication aims to describe the technique as developed for the study of physiological and pathological mechanisms involved in airway reactivity, lung preservation, and preclinical research in lung transplantation and pulmonary edema.

Isoliertes Lungenperfusionssystem im Kaninchenmodell

The isolated lung perfusion system has been widely used in pulmonary research, contributing to elucidate the lungs&#39; inner workings, both micro and ...

A Rabbit Aortic Valve Stenosis Model Induced by Direct Balloon Injury

Animal models are emerging as an important tool to understand the pathologic mechanisms underlying aortic valve stenosis (AVS) because of the lack of access to reliable sources of diseased human aortic valves. Among the various animal models, AVS rabbit models are one of the most commonly used in large animal studies. However, traditional AVS rabbit models require a long-term period of dietary supplementation and genetic manipulation to induce significant stenosis in the aortic valve, limiting their use in experimental studies. To address these limitations, a new AVS rabbit model is proposed, in which stenosis is induced by a direct balloon injury to the aortic valve. The present protocol describes a successful technique for inducing AVS in New Zealand white (NZW) rabbits, with step-by-step procedures for the preparation, the surgical procedure, and the post-operative care. This simple and reproducible model offers a promising approach for studying the initiation and progression of AVS and provides a valuable tool for investigating the underlying pathological mechanisms of the disease.

An appropriate animal model is needed to understand the pathologic mechanisms underlying aortic valve stenosis (AVS) and to evaluate the efficacy of therapeutic interventions. The present protocol describes a new procedure for developing the AVS rabbit model via a direct balloon injury in vivo.

Ein Modell der Aortenklappenstenose eines Kaninchens, das durch eine direkte Ballonverletzung induziert wird

Animal models are emerging as an important tool to understand the pathologic mechanisms underlying aortic valve stenosis (AVS) because of the lack of ...