Name: modeling intracerebral hemorrhage in mice: injection of autologous blood or bacterial collagenase
Uploaded: 2012-09-22T14:00:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Modeling Intracerebral Hemorrhage in Mice: Injection of Autologous Blood or Bacterial Collagenase at JoVE.com

This study was partially supported by NIH grant RO1NS053407 to J.H. Zhang. We would like to thank Mr. Damon Klebe for his valuable contributions.

All procedures were conducted in compliance with the NIH Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals and approved by the Animal Care and Use Committee at Loma Linda University.
1. Presurgical Preparations
Aseptic techniques are recommended for all surgical procedures. Disinfect the stereotactic apparatus and prepare sterile surgical tools prior to surgery. Wear personal protective equipment (PPE) during all animal handling. Use a heating pad during surge...

<ol>
	<li>Broderick, J. P. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Guidelines+for+the+management+of+spontaneous+intracerebral+hemorrhage:+A+statement+for+healthcare+professionals+from+a+special+writing+group+of+the+Stroke+Council,+American+Heart+Association.">Guidelines for the management of spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage: A statement for healthcare professionals from a special writing group of the Stroke Council, American Heart Association.</a> Stroke. 30, 905-915 (1999).</li><li>Qureshi, A. I., Mendelow, A. D., Hanley, D. F. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Intracerebral+haemorrhage.">Intracerebral haemorrhage.</a> Lancet. 373, 1632-1644 (2009).</li><li>MacLellan, C. L., Silasi, G., Auriat, A. M., Colbourne, F. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Rodent+models+of+intracerebral+hemorrhage.">Rodent models of intracerebral hemorrhage.</a> Stroke. 41, 95-98 (2010).</li><li>James, M. L., Warner, D. S., Laskowitz, D. T. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Preclinical+models+of+intracerebral+hemorrhage:+a+translational+perspective.">Preclinical models of intracerebral hemorrhage: a translational perspective.</a> Neurocrit Care. 9, 139-152 (2008).</li><li>MacLellan, C. L. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Intracerebral+hemorrhage+models+in+rat:+comparing+collagenase+to+blood+infusion.">Intracerebral hemorrhage models in rat: comparing collagenase to blood infusion.</a> J. Cereb. Blood Flow Metab. 28, 516-525 (2008).</li><li>Belayev, L. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Experimental+intracerebral+hemorrhage+in+the+mouse:+histological,+behavioral,+and+hemodynamic+characterization+of+a+double-injection+model.">Experimental intracerebral hemorrhage in the mouse: histological, behavioral, and hemodynamic characterization of a double-injection model.</a> Stroke. 34, 2221-2227 (2003).</li><li>Clark, W., Gunion-Rinker, L., Lessov, N., Hazel, K. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Citicoline+treatment+for+experimental+intracerebral+hemorrhage+in+mice.">Citicoline treatment for experimental intracerebral hemorrhage in mice.</a> Stroke. 29, 2136-2140 (1998).</li><li>Nakamura, T. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Intracerebral+hemorrhage+in+mice:+model+characterization+and+application+for+genetically+modified+mice.">Intracerebral hemorrhage in mice: model characterization and application for genetically modified mice.</a> J. Cereb. Blood Flow Metab. 24, 487-494 (2004).</li><li>Schallert, T. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Behavioral+tests+for+preclinical+intervention+assessment.">Behavioral tests for preclinical intervention assessment.</a> NeuroRx. 3, 497-504 (2006).</li><li>Hartman, R., Lekic, T., Rojas, H., Tang, J., Zhang, J. H. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Assessing+functional+outcomes+following+intracerebral+hemorrhage+in+rats.">Assessing functional outcomes following intracerebral hemorrhage in rats.</a> Brain Res. 1280, 148-157 (2009).</li><li>Hua, Y. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Behavioral+tests+after+intracerebral+hemorrhage+in+the+rat.">Behavioral tests after intracerebral hemorrhage in the rat.</a> Stroke. 33, 2478-2484 (2002).</li><li>Tang, J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Mmp-9+deficiency+enhances+collagenase-induced+intracerebral+hemorrhage+and+brain+injury+in+mutant+mice.">Mmp-9 deficiency enhances collagenase-induced intracerebral hemorrhage and brain injury in mutant mice.</a> J. Cereb. Blood Flow Metab. 24, 1133-1145 (2004).</li><li>Ma, Q. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Vascular+adhesion+protein-1+inhibition+provides+antiinflammatory+protection+after+an+intracerebral+hemorrhagic+stroke+in+mice.">Vascular adhesion protein-1 inhibition provides antiinflammatory protection after an intracerebral hemorrhagic stroke in mice.</a> J. Cereb. Blood Flow Metab. , (2010).</li><li>Bullock, R., Mendelow, A. D., Teasdale, G. M., Graham, D. I. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Intracranial+haemorrhage+induced+at+arterial+pressure+in+the+rat.+Part+1:+Description+of+technique,+ICP+changes+and+neuropathological+findings.">Intracranial haemorrhage induced at arterial pressure in the rat. Part 1: Description of technique, ICP changes and neuropathological findings.</a> Neurol Res. 6, 184-188 (1984).</li><li>Yang, G. Y., Betz, A. L., Chenevert, T. L., Brunberg, J. A., Hoff, J. T. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Experimental+intracerebral+hemorrhage:+relationship+between+brain+edema,+blood+flow,+and+blood-brain+barrier+permeability+in+rats.">Experimental intracerebral hemorrhage: relationship between brain edema, blood flow, and blood-brain barrier permeability in rats.</a> J. Neurosurg. 81, 93-102 (1994).</li><li>Rosenberg, G. A., Mun-Bryce, S., Wesley, M., Kornfeld, M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Collagenase-induced+intracerebral+hemorrhage+in+rats.">Collagenase-induced intracerebral hemorrhage in rats.</a> Stroke. 21, 801-807 (1990).</li><li>Alkayed, N. J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Gender-linked+brain+injury+in+experimental+stroke.">Gender-linked brain injury in experimental stroke.</a> Stroke. 29, 159-165 (1998).</li><li>Saha, J. K., Xia, J., Grondin, J. M., Engle, S. K., Jakubowski, J. A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Acute+hyperglycemia+induced+by+ketamine/xylazine+anesthesia+in+rats:+mechanisms+and+implications+for+preclinical+models.">Acute hyperglycemia induced by ketamine/xylazine anesthesia in rats: mechanisms and implications for preclinical models.</a> Exp Biol Med. (Maywood). 230, 777-784 (2005).</li><li>Fujiwara, N. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Effect+of+normobaric+oxygen+therapy+in+a+rat+model+of+intracerebral+hemorrhage.">Effect of normobaric oxygen therapy in a rat model of intracerebral hemorrhage.</a> Stroke. 42, 1469-1472 (2011).</li><li>Khatibi, N. H. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Isoflurane+posttreatment+reduces+brain+injury+after+an+intracerebral+hemorrhagic+stroke+in+mice.">Isoflurane posttreatment reduces brain injury after an intracerebral hemorrhagic stroke in mice.</a> Anesth Analg. 113, 343-348 (2011).</li></ol>

Animal models of intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) contribute greatly to an advanced understanding of the disease's pathophysiology, and are commonly used to develop and evaluate novel therapeutic strategies in a preclinical setting. Intraparenchymal injections of autologous blood or bacterial collagenase are well-established methods to generate ICH in rodents. Both methods were initially developed in the rat; however, due to the rapidly increasing availability of transgenic and knockout strains, mice became indispensable t...

<table border="1">
 <tbody>
 <tr>
 <td>Material</td>
 <td>Company</td>
 <td>Catalogue 				Number</td>
 <td>Comment</td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td>Stereotactic Head Frame</td>
 <td>Stoelting Co.</td>
 <td>51600</td>
 <td></td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td>Nanomite Syringe Pump</td>
 <td>Harvard Apparatus</td>
 <td>PY2 70-2217</td>
 <td></td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td>Hamilton Syringe</td>
 <td>Hamilton Company</td>
 <td>1725RN 				(250 &mu;l) 
1701 RN (10 &mu;l)</td>
 <td>26 Gauge needle for 				250 &mu;l and 10 &mu;l syringes.</td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td>Microdrill</td>
 <td>Fine Science Tools</td>
 <td>18000-17</td>
 <td></td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td>Microdrill burr</td>
 <td>Fine Science Tools</td>
 <td>19007-09</td>
 <td>0.9 mm diameter</td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td>Collagenase Type VII-S</td>
 <td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
 <td>C2399</td>
 <td></td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td>Microhematocrit 				Capillary Tubes</td>
 <td>Fisher Scientific</td>
 <td>22-362-574</td>
 <td>unheparinized</td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td>Bone Wax </td>
 <td>Ethicon</td>
 <td>W31</td>
 <td></td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td>Suture</td>
 <td>Ethicon</td>
 <td>1676G</td>
 <td></td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td>Ketamine</td>
 <td>JHP Pharmaceuticals</td>
 <td>42023-115-10</td>
 <td>Ketalar</td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td>Xylazine </td>
 <td>LLOYD Laboratories</td>
 <td>139-236</td>
 <td>AnaSed</td>
 </tr>
 </tbody>
 </table>

modeling intracerebral hemorrhage in mice: injection of autologous blood or bacterial collagenase

Spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) defines a potentially life-threatening neurological malady that accounts for 10-15% of all stroke-related hospitalizations and for which no effective treatments are available to date1,2. Because of the heterogeneity of ICH in humans, various preclinical models are needed to thoroughly explore prospective therapeutic strategies3. Experimental ICH is commonly induced in rodents by intraparenchymal injection of either autologous blood or bacterial collagenase4. The appropriate model is selected based on the pathophysiology of hemorrhage induction and injury progression. The blood injection model mimics a rapidly progressing hemorrhage. Alternatively, bacterial collagenase enzymatically disrupts the basal lamina of brain capillaries, causing an active bleed that generally evolves over several hours5. Resultant perihematomal edema and neurofunctional deficits can be quantified from both models. In this study, we described and evaluated a modified double injection model of autologous whole blood6 as well as an ICH injection model of bacterial collagenase7, both of which target the basal ganglia (corpus striatum) of male CD-1 mice. We assessed neurofunctional deficits and brain edema at 24 and 72 hr after ICH induction. Intrastriatal injection of autologous blood (30 &mu;l) or bacterial collagenase (0.075U) caused reproducible neurofunctional deficits in mice and significantly increased brain edema at 24 and 72 hr after surgery (p&lt;0.05). In conclusion, both models yield consistent hemorrhagic infarcts and represent basic methods for preclinical ICH research.

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Modeling Intracerebral Hemorrhage in Mice: Injection of Autologous Blood or Bacterial Collagenase at JoVE.com

Modeling Intracerebral Hemorrhage in Mice: Injection of Autologous Blood or Bacterial Collagenase

Clinically relevant animal models of intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) are needed to extend our knowledge of hemorrhagic stroke and to examine novel therapeutic strategies. In this study, we describe and evaluate two ICH models that implement unilateral injections of either autologous whole blood or bacterial collagenase into the basal ganglia (corpus striatum) of mice.

Spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) defines a potentially life-threatening neurological malady that accounts for 10-15% of all stroke-related ...

Research

JoVE Journal

Medicine

Modeling Stroke in Mice - Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion with the Filament Model

Stroke is among the most frequent causes of death and adult disability, especially in highly developed countries. However, treatment options to date are ...

Sequencing of Bacterial Microflora in Peripheral Blood: our Experience with HIV-infected Patients

The healthy gastrointestinal tract is physiologically colonized by a large variety of commensal microbes that influence the development 
	of the humoral ...

Delivery of Therapeutic Agents Through Intracerebroventricular (ICV) and Intravenous (IV) Injection in Mice

Delivery of Therapeutic Agents Through Intracerebroventricular ICV and Intravenous IV Injection in Mice

Despite the protective role that blood brain barrier plays in shielding the brain, it limits the access to the central nervous system (CNS) which most ...

Assessing Changes in Volatile General Anesthetic Sensitivity of Mice after Local or Systemic Pharmacological Intervention

One desirable endpoint of general anesthesia is  the state of unconsciousness, also known as hypnosis. Defining the hypnotic state in animals is  less ...

Intravital Video Microscopy Measurements of Retinal Blood Flow in Mice

Alterations in retinal blood flow can contribute to, or be a consequence of, ocular disease and visual dysfunction. Therefore, quantitation of altered ...

Intrastriatal Injection of Autologous Blood or Clostridial Collagenase as Murine Models of Intracerebral Hemorrhage

Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is a common form of cerebrovascular disease and is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Lack of effective ...

Modeling Spontaneous Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma (mRCC) in Mice Following Nephrectomy

Modeling Spontaneous Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma mRCC in Mice Following Nephrectomy

One of the key challenges to improved testing of new experimental therapeutics in renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is the development of models that faithfully ...

Ultrasound-guided Transthoracic Intramyocardial Injection in Mice

Murine models of cardiovascular disease are important for investigating pathophysiological mechanisms and exploring potential regenerative therapies. ...

Modeling Stroke in Mice: Permanent Coagulation of the Distal Middle Cerebral Artery

Stroke is the third most common cause of death and a main cause of acquired adult disability in developed countries. Only very limited therapeutical ...