Wir möchten NIH für die Finanzierung Zuschüsse R01-AI026328 (KAK) und R01-AI079004 (KAK) danken.

Ein. Das Entfernen des Genitaltraktes <ol><li> Euthanize die Maus über die Leitlinien gebilligt. Machen niedrigen Mittellinienschnitt und Einfahren Haut. </li><li> Isolieren und entfernen ganzen Genitaltrakt von Eileiter zur vaginalen Öffnung. </li><li> Öffnen Sie den gesamten Trakt längs mit einer Schere. </li><li> Schneiden Sie den Genitaltrakt mit feinen chirurgische Schere in feine Stücke (etwa &lt;1 mm) in einer Petrischale mit Complete RPMI-10/EDTA (siehe Formel unten) und rühren Sie das Gewebe in 125 ml Kolben bei Raumtemperatur auf einem Magnetrührer Set für 15 min. Dieses Verfahren wird zweimal wiederholt und anschließend der Überstand, der Epithel und andere Verunreinigungen enthält, wird verworfen. </li><li> Gießen Inhalt des Kolbens durch eine Zelle Sieb (40 um). Abwaschen EDTA Rückstand mit Vollmedium. Komplette RPMI/10: 500 ml RPMI (Gibco), 10% fötalem Rinderserum (FBS), hitzeinaktiviertes, 5 ml Penicillin / Streptomycin, 5 ml 1M HEPES. Komplette RPMI-10/EDTA: 10% RPMI (wie oben) mit 5 &amp;mgr; EDTA </li></ol> 2. Verdauen Genitaltrakt Gewebe <ol><li> Übertragen Gewebestücke zu einer neuen Flasche mit 20 ml frisches RPMI-10/collagenase (siehe Rezept unten) und verdauen das Gewebe bei 37 ° C für 1 Stunde auf einem Magnetrührer auf kräftig rühren das Gewebe. Komplette RPMI-10/collagenase: Kurz vor Gebrauch rekonstituieren Collagenase Typ VIII (Sigma; bei -20 ° C, oder nach den Anweisungen des Herstellers.), In komplette RPMI/10 hinzufügen einer Endkonzentration von 450-500U/ml. </li><li> Nach der ersten Verdauung, sammeln Überstände durch 100 um Zellsieb, halten die Zellen auf Eis. </li><li> Übertragen die unverdaute Gewebe zu einem neuen Kolben und wiederhole Schritt 2.1 noch zweimal mit frischem Komplettmedium RPMI-10/collagenase für insgesamt 3 separaten Aufschlüsse. An diesem Punkt sollte keine sichtbaren Gewebestücke in Lösung sein. </li><li> Pool die alle Überstände zusammen aus einer Probe und sammeln über 100 um Zellsieb. Drehen Sie das cEllen tief herunter. Zellpellets werden getrennt mit Percoll Gradienten werden. </li></ol> 3. Trennung Genitaltrakt Zellen mit Percoll Gradienten <ol><li> Bereiten Sie jede Konzentration von Percoll vor dem Gebrauch: <ul><li> 100% ige isotonische Percoll: mix 09.01 Lager Percoll (Pharmacia Biotch) vs 10x PBS. pH ist auf 7,4 mit HCL. </li><li> 40% Percoll-Lösung: 40 ml Mischung aus 100% isotonischer Percoll und 60 ml vollständigem RPMI. </li><li> 70% Percoll-Lösung: mix 70 ml 100% ige isotonische Percoll mit 30 ml komplettem RPMI. </li></ul></li><li> Resuspendieren jede Zelle Pellet aus Schritt 6 in 40% Percoll-Lösungen. Ein gleiches Volumen von 70% Percoll wird verwendet, um die Gradienten zu machen. Es gibt zwei Möglichkeiten zum Einrichten Gradienten Röhren: <ol><li> Unter-Schicht: add Zellsuspension mit 40% Percoll in einem Gradienten Rohr, dann vorsichtig unter-Schicht 70% Percoll. </li><li> Überlagerungsschicht: in 70% Percoll in das Rohr zuerst, dann vorsichtig und langsam geladen werden 40% Percoll, welche die Zellen auf dietop. </li></ol></li><li> Gradient Proben @ 900 xg, Raumtemperatur zentrifugiert werden, für 20 min mit der Bremse ab. </li><li> Die Lymphozyten werden an der Grenzschicht zwischen 40% und 70% Percoll Schichten sein. Sorgfältig ernten die Grenzschicht, waschen mit RPMI 1:3 und Spin-Down bei 740 xg. Die Lymphozyten werden im Zellpellet sein und sind zur weiteren Verwendung bereit. </li></ol> 4. Repräsentative Ergebnisse Ein Beispiel der Isolierung von Lymphozyten aus Maus Genitaltrakt und Durchflusszytometrie (FACS)-Analyse ist in Abbildung 1 gezeigt. Genitaltrakt wurde von Chlamydia muridarum entfernt intravaginal infiziert Maus 7 Tage nach der Infektion. Zwei Genitaltrakt wurden zusammen, um genügend Lymphozyten zur funktionellen Untersuchung und Phänotyp durch FACS haben gepoolt. Seziert Gewebe wurden durch die Verdauung und Isolierungsschritte wie oben verarbeitet. Die einzelne Zellsuspension wurde für verschiedene Fluorochrom-konjugierten angefärbtmonoklonale Antikörper gegen den Maus-CD3, CD4 und CD8. Abbildung 1 zeigt eine Dot-Plot Darstellung der CD4-positiven T-Zellen im Vergleich zu CD8-positiven T-Zellen aufgetastet CD3 positive T-Lymphozyten. Unser Verfahren untersuchen können Lymphozyten aus Genitaltrakt verschiedener Krankheitsmodelle isoliert verschiedenen Immunzellen funktionelle und phänotypische Merkmale bei verschiedenen Krankheiten im Mausmodell zu beurteilen. Dazu gehören verschiedene Immunzellen, wie dendritische Zellen, Neutrophilen, Makrophagen NK, NKT, T-Zellen (Ag-spezifischen T-Zellen), B-Zellen usw. 3-10. <img alt="Abbildung 1" src="/files/ftp_upload/4391/4391fig1.jpg" /> Abbildung 1. Lymphozyten wurden aus Genitaltrakt von Mäusen mit Chlamydia muridarum infiziert isoliert, mit dem hier vorgestellten Verfahren. Nach der vollständigen Trennung Verfahren wurden Lymphozyten mit Fluorochrom-konjugierten CD3, CD4 und CD8 gefärbt. Die Quadranten Daten waren gated auf CD3 +-Lymphozyten,zeigt CD4 + gegenüber CD8 + mit und Prozentsatz der gated Zellen.

<ol>
	<li>M, . <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+impact+of+perinatal+immune+development+on+mucosal+homeostasis+and+chronic+inflammation.">The impact of perinatal immune development on mucosal homeostasis and chronic inflammation.</a> Nat. Rev Immunol. 12, 9-23 (2011).</li><li>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=.">.</a> 2010 Sexually Transmitted Diseases Surveillance. , (2010).</li><li>Jain, S., Patrick, A. J., Rosenthal, K. L. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Multiple+tandem+copies+of+conserved+gp41+epitopes+incorporated+in+gag+virus-like+particles+elicit+systemic+and+mucosal+antibodies+in+an+optimized+heterologous+vector+delivery+regimen.">Multiple tandem copies of conserved gp41 epitopes incorporated in gag virus-like particles elicit systemic and mucosal antibodies in an optimized heterologous vector delivery regimen.</a> Vaccine. 28, 7070-7080 (2010).</li><li>Tang, V. A., Rosenthal, K. L. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Intravaginal+infection+with+herpes+simplex+virus+type-2+(HSV-2)+generates+a+functional+effector+memory+T+cell+population+that+persists+in+the+murine+genital+tract.">Intravaginal infection with herpes simplex virus type-2 (HSV-2) generates a functional effector memory T cell population that persists in the murine genital tract.</a> J. Reprod. Immunol. 87, 39-44 (2010).</li><li>Gillgrass, A. E., Tang, V. A., Towarnicki, K. M., Rosenthal, K. L., Kaushic, C. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Protection+against+genital+herpes+infection+in+mice+immunized+under+different+hormonal+conditions+correlates+with+induction+of+vagina-associated+lymphoid+tissue.">Protection against genital herpes infection in mice immunized under different hormonal conditions correlates with induction of vagina-associated lymphoid tissue.</a> J. Virol. 79, 3117-3126 (2005).</li><li>Sajic, D., Patrick, A. J., Rosenthal, K. L. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Mucosal+delivery+of+CpG+oligodeoxynucleotides+expands+functional+dendritic+cells+and+macrophages+in+the+vagina.">Mucosal delivery of CpG oligodeoxynucleotides expands functional dendritic cells and macrophages in the vagina.</a> Immunology. 114, 213-224 (2005).</li><li>Jiang, J. Q., Patrick, A., Moss, R. B., Rosenthal, K. L. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=CD8++T-cell-mediated+cross-clade+protection+in+the+genital+tract+following+intranasal+immunization+with+inactivated+human+immunodeficiency+virus+antigen+plus+CpG+oligodeoxynucleotides.">CD8+ T-cell-mediated cross-clade protection in the genital tract following intranasal immunization with inactivated human immunodeficiency virus antigen plus CpG oligodeoxynucleotides.</a> J. Virol. 79, 393-400 (2005).</li><li>Gill, N., Chenoweth, M. J., Verdu, E. F., Ashkar, A. A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=NK+cells+require+type+I+IFN+receptor+for+antiviral+responses+during+genital+HSV-2+infection.">NK cells require type I IFN receptor for antiviral responses during genital HSV-2 infection.</a> Cell Immunol. 269, 29-37 (2011).</li><li>Thatte, A., DeWitte-Orr, S. J., Lichty, B., Mossman, K. L., Ashkar, A. A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+critical+role+for+IL-15+in+TLR-mediated+innate+antiviral+immunity+against+genital+HSV-2+infection.">A critical role for IL-15 in TLR-mediated innate antiviral immunity against genital HSV-2 infection.</a> Immunol. Cell Biol. 89, 663-669 (2011).</li><li>Kwant-Mitchell, A., Ashkar, A. A., Rosenthal, K. L. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Mucosal+innate+and+adaptive+immune+responses+against+herpes+simplex+virus+type+2+in+a+humanized+mouse+model.">Mucosal innate and adaptive immune responses against herpes simplex virus type 2 in a humanized mouse model.</a> J. Virol. 83, 10664-10676 (2009).</li><li>Gallichan, W. S., Rosenthal, K. L. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Effects+of+the+estrous+cycle+on+local+humoral+immune+responses+and+protection+of+intranasally+immunized+female+nice+against+herpes+simplex+virus+type+2+infection+in+the+genital+tract.">Effects of the estrous cycle on local humoral immune responses and protection of intranasally immunized female nice against herpes simplex virus type 2 infection in the genital tract.</a> Virology. , 224-487 (1996).</li></ol>

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In diesem Protokoll wird gezeigt, wie man von Maus-Lymphozyten Genitaltrakt vorzubereiten und wird leicht beherrschen. Der kritischste Punkt bei diesem Verfahren ist, um die Zellviabilität, indem die Zellen auf Eis erhalten. Die Zellausbeute aus dieser Methode hängt von Technik, Handhabung Geschicklichkeit, den infektiösen Zustand der Maus (naive oder Tage nach Infektion), die Erreger (Bakterien, Viren, Pilze) und den Abschnitt des murinen Reproduktionstrakt geprüft (Eileiter, der Gebärmutter, vaginalen Bereich ode...

<table border="1"><tbody><tr><td> Name </td><td> Firma </td><td> Katalog-Nummer </td><td></td></tr><tr><td> Collagenase </td><td> Sigma Life Sciences </td><td> C2139-1G </td><td></td></tr><tr><td> Percoll </td><td> GE Healthcare Bio-Sciences </td><td> 17-0891-01 </td><td></td></tr><tr><td> RPMI1640 </td><td> Gibco von Life Technologies </td><td> 11875 </td><td></td></tr></tbody></table>

isolation of lymphocytes from mouse genital tract mucosa

Schleimhäute, einschließlich in den Magen-Darm-, Urogenital-, und Atemwege bieten Eintrittspforten für Krankheitserreger wie Viren und Bakterien ein. Schleimhäute sind auch induktive Plattformen mit dem Host, um Immunität gegen Pathogene, wie etwa die Peyer-Plaques im Darmtrakt und der nasalen-assoziierten lymphoretikulären Gewebe im Atemtrakt zu erzeugen. Dieses einzigartige Feature bringt Schleimhaut-Immunität als ein entscheidender Spieler des Abwehrsystem. Viele Studien haben sich auf gastrointestinalen und respiratorischen Schleimhaut Standorten konzentriert. Allerdings gibt es nur wenige Untersuchungen der reproduktiven Schleimhäute. Der Genitaltrakt Schleimhaut ist die primäre Infektion Website für sexuell übertragbare Krankheiten (STD), einschließlich bakterielle und virale Infektionen. Geschlechtskrankheiten sind eine der wichtigsten gesundheitlichen Herausforderungen der heutigen Welt. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention schätzt, dass es 19 Millionen neuer infektiöser jedes Jahr in den Vereinigten Staaten. STDs kostet das US-Gesundheitssystem $ 17000000000 jedes Jahr 2 und Kosten Individuen noch in unmittelbarer und lebenslanges gesundheitlichen Folgen. Um dieser Herausforderung zu begegnen, ist ein besseres Verständnis der reproduktiven Schleimhaut-Immunität benötigt und Isolierung Lymphozyten ist ein wesentlicher Bestandteil dieser Studien. Hier präsentieren wir eine Methode, um reproduzierbare Isolierung von Lymphozyten aus murinen weiblichen Genitaltrakt für immunologische Studien, die zur Anpassung an andere Arten modifiziert werden können. Das nachfolgend beschriebene Verfahren ist auf einer Maus.

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Isolation of Lymphocytes from Mouse Genital Tract Mucosa at JoVE.com

Isolation of Lymphocytes from Mouse Genital Tract Mucosa

Ein effizienter Weg, um Lymphozyten, die aus Maus Genitaltrakt isolieren beschrieben. Diese Methode nutzt Enzym Verdauung und Percoll Gradienten Trennung effiziente Isolierung ermöglichen. Diese Technik ist auch anpassbar für die Verwendung in anderen Spezies

Isolierung von Lymphozyten aus Maus Genital Tract Mucosa

Mucosal surfaces, including in the gastrointestinal, urogenital, and respiratory tracts, provide portals of entry for pathogens, such as viruses and ...

isolation-of-lymphocytes-from-mouse-genital-tract-mucosa

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Immunology and Infection

14.3K Aufrufe.  University of California, Los Angeles. Ein effizienter Weg, um Lymphozyten, die aus Maus Genitaltrakt isolieren beschrieben. Diese Methode nutzt Enzym Verdauung und Percoll Gradienten Trennung effiziente Isolierung ermöglichen. Diese Technik ist auch anpassbar für die Verwendung in anderen Spezies

Serie: Isolation of Lymphocytes from Mouse Genital Tract Mucosa

Transurethral Induction of Mouse Urinary Tract Infection

Uropathogenic bacterial strains of interest are grown on agar. Generally, uropathogenic E. coli (UPEC) and other strains can be grown overnight on Luria-Bertani (LB) agar at 37&deg;C in ambient air. UPEC strains grow as yellowish-white translucent colonies on LB agar. Following confirmation of appropriate colony morphology, single colonies are then picked to be cultured in broth. LB broth can be used for most uropathogenic bacterial strains. Two serial, overnight LB broth cultures can be employed to enhance expression of type I pili, a well-defined virulence factor for uropathogenic bacteria. Broth cultures are diluted to the desired concentration in phosphate buffered saline (PBS). Eight to 12 week old female mice are placed under isoflurane anesthesia and transurethrally inoculated with bacteria using polyethylene tubing-covered 30 gauge syringes. Typical inocula, which must be empirically determined for each bacterial/mouse strain combination, are 106 to 108 cfu per mouse in 10 to 50 microliters of PBS. After the desired infection period (one day to several weeks), urine samples and the bladder and both kidneys are harvested. Each organ is minced, placed in PBS, and homogenized in a Blue Bullet homogenizer. Urine and tissue homogenates are serially diluted in PBS and cultured on appropriate agar. The following day, colony forming units are counted.

This video will demonstrate methods to transurethrally induce mouse urinary tract infections and quantify the extent of resulting infections.

Transurethrale Induktion von Maus Harnwegsinfekt

Uropathogenic bacterial strains of interest are grown on agar. Generally, uropathogenic E. coli (UPEC) and other strains can be grown overnight on ...

Forschung

Immunologie und Infektion

RNA Isolation of Pseudomonas aeruginosa Colonizing the Murine Gastrointestinal Tract

Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PA) infections result in significant morbidity and mortality in hosts with compromised immune systems, such as patients with leukemia, severe burn wounds, or organ transplants1. In patients at high-risk for developing PA bloodstream infections, the gastrointestinal (GI) tract is the main reservoir for colonization2, but the mechanisms by which PA transitions from an asymptomatic colonizing microbe to an invasive, and often deadly, pathogen are unclear. Previously, we performed in vivo transcription profiling experiments by recovering PA mRNA from bacterial cells residing in the cecums of colonized mice 3 in order to identify changes in bacterial gene expression during alterations to the host&#x2019;s immune status.
As with any transcription profiling experiment, the rate-limiting step is in the isolation of sufficient amounts of high quality mRNA. Given the abundance of enzymes, debris, food residues, and particulate matter in the GI tract, the challenge of RNA isolation is daunting. Here, we present a method for reliable and reproducible isolation of bacterial RNA recovered from the murine GI tract. This method utilizes a well-established murine model of PA GI colonization and neutropenia-induced dissemination4. Once GI colonization with PA is confirmed, mice are euthanized and cecal contents are recovered and flash frozen. RNA is then extracted using a combination of mechanical disruption, boiling, phenol/chloroform extractions, DNase treatment, and affinity chromatography. Quantity and purity are confirmed by spectrophotometry (Nanodrop Technologies) and bioanalyzer (Agilent Technologies) (Fig 1). This method of GI microbial RNA isolation can easily be adapted to other bacteria and fungi as well.

RNA Isolation of Pseudomonas aeruginosa Colonizing the Murine Gastrointestinal Tract

A reliable method for the RNA isolation of Pseudomonas aeruginosa recovered from murine cecums is described. The RNA recovered is of sufficient quantity and quality for subsequent qPCR, transcription profiling, and RNA Seq experiments. This technique can be adapted for RNA isolation of other intestinal microbes.

RNA Isolierung von Pseudomonas aeruginosa Kolonisierung der Murine Gastrointestinaltrakt

Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PA) infections result in significant morbidity and mortality in hosts with compromised immune systems, such as patients with ...

Isolation and Characterization of Dendritic Cells and Macrophages from the Mouse Intestine

Within the intestine reside unique populations of innate and adaptive immune cells that are involved in promoting tolerance towards commensal flora and food antigens while concomitantly remaining poised to mount inflammatory responses toward invasive pathogens1,2. Antigen presenting cells, particularly DCs and macrophages, play critical roles in maintaining intestinal immune homeostasis via their ability to sense and appropriately respond to the microbiota3-14. Efficient isolation of intestinal DCs and macrophages is a critical step in characterizing the phenotype and function of these cells. While many effective methods of isolating intestinal immune cells, including DCs and macrophages, have been described6,10,15-24, many rely upon long digestions times that may negatively influence cell surface antigen expression, cell viability, and/or cell yield. Here, we detail a methodology for the rapid isolation of large numbers of viable, intestinal DCs and macrophages. Phenotypic characterization of intestinal DCs and macrophages is carried out by directly staining isolated intestinal cells with specific fluorescence-labeled monoclonal antibodies for multi-color flow cytometric analysis. Furthermore, highly pure DC and macrophage populations are isolated for functional studies utilizing CD11c and CD11b magnetic-activated cell sorting beads followed by cell sorting.

Here, we detail a methodology for the rapid isolation of mouse intestinal dendritic cells (DCs) and macrophages. Phenotypic characterization of intestinal DCs and macrophages is performed using multi-color flow cytometric analysis while magnetic bead enrichment followed by cell sorting is used to yield highly pure populations for functional studies.

Isolierung und Charakterisierung von dendritischen Zellen und Makrophagen aus dem Mausdarm

Within the intestine reside unique populations of innate and adaptive immune cells that are involved in promoting tolerance towards commensal flora and ...

Isolation and Th17 Differentiation of Na&iuml;ve CD4 T Lymphocytes

Th17 cells are a distinct subset of T cells that have been found to produce interleukin 17 (IL-17), and differ in function from the other T cell subsets including Th1, Th2, and regulatory T cells. Th17 cells have emerged as a central culprit in overzealous inflammatory immune responses associated with many autoimmune disorders. In this method we purify T lymphocytes from the spleen and lymph nodes of C57BL/6 mice, and stimulate purified CD4+ T cells under control and Th17-inducing environments. The Th17-inducing environment includes stimulation in the presence of anti-CD3 and anti-CD28 antibodies, IL-6, and TGF-&#946;. After incubation for at least 72 hours and for up to five days at 37 &#176;C, cells are subsequently analyzed for the capability to produce IL-17 through flow cytometry, qPCR, and ELISAs. Th17 differentiated CD4+CD25- T cells can be utilized to further elucidate the role that Th17 cells play in the onset and progression of autoimmunity and host defense. Moreover, Th17 differentiation of CD4+CD25- lymphocytes from distinct murine knockout/disease models can contribute to our understanding of cell fate plasticity.

Isolation and Th17 Differentiation of Na&#239;ve CD4 T Lymphocytes

With effector functions distinct from other T cell subsets, Th17 cells have been centrally implicated in inflammatory autoimmunity. This in vitro Th17 differentiation protocol provides a means to determine whether na&#239;ve CD4+ T lymphocytes can differentiate into Th17 cells, and to further examine their role in autoimmunity and host response.

Isolierung und Differenzierung von Th17 Naive CD4-T-Lymphozyten

Th17 cells are a distinct subset of T cells that have been found to produce interleukin 17 (IL-17), and differ in function from the other T cell subsets ...

Rapid Analysis of Chromosome Aberrations in Mouse B Lymphocytes by PNA-FISH

Defective DNA repair leads to increased genomic instability, which is the root cause of mutations that lead to tumorigenesis. Analysis of the frequency and type of chromosome aberrations in different cell types allows defects in DNA repair pathways to be elucidated. Understanding mammalian DNA repair biology has been greatly helped by the production of mice with knockouts in specific genes. The goal of this protocol is to quantify genomic instability in mouse B lymphocytes. Labeling of the telomeres using PNA-FISH probes (peptide nucleic acid - fluorescent in situ hybridization) facilitates the rapid analysis of genomic instability in metaphase chromosome spreads. B cells have specific advantages relative to fibroblasts, because they have normal ploidy and a higher mitotic index. Short-term culture of B cells therefore enables precise measurement of genomic instability in a primary cell population which is likely to have fewer secondary genetic mutations than what is typically found in transformed fibroblasts or patient cell lines.

DNA repair pathways are essential for maintenance of genomic integrity and preventing mutation and cancer. The goal of this protocol is to quantify genomic instability by direct observation of chromosome aberrations in metaphase spreads from mouse B cells using fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) for telomeric DNA repeats.

Schnelle Analyse von Chromosomenaberrationen in Maus-B-Lymphozyten durch PNA-FISH

Defective DNA repair leads to increased genomic instability, which is the root cause of mutations that lead to tumorigenesis. Analysis of the frequency ...

Efficient Isolation Protocol for B and T Lymphocytes from Human Palatine Tonsils

Tonsils form a part of the immune system providing the first line of defense against inhaled pathogens. Usually the term &#8220;tonsils&#8221; refers to the palatine tonsils situated at the lateral walls of the oral part of the pharynx. Surgically removed palatine tonsils provide a convenient accessible source of B and T lymphocytes to study the interplay between foreign pathogens and the host immune system. This video protocol describes the dissection and processing of surgically removed human palatine tonsils, followed by the isolation of the individual B and T cell populations from the same tissue sample. We present a method, which efficiently separates tonsillar B and T lymphocytes using an antibody-dependent affinity protocol. Further, we use the method to demonstrate that human adenovirus infects specifically the tonsillar T cell fraction. The established protocol is generally applicable to efficiently and rapidly isolate tonsillar B and T cell populations to study the role of different types of pathogens in tonsillar immune responses.

Palatine tonsils are a rich source of B and T lymphocytes. Here we provide an easy, efficient and rapid protocol to isolate B and T lymphocytes from human palatine tonsils. The method described has been specifically adapted for studies of the viral etiology of tonsil inflammation known as tonsillitis.

Effiziente Isolation Protokoll für die B- und T-Lymphozyten von Menschengaumenmandeln

Tonsils form a part of the immune system providing the first line of defense against inhaled pathogens. Usually the term &#8220;tonsils&#8221; refers to ...

Isolation and Flow Cytometric Characterization of Murine Small Intestinal Lymphocytes

The intestines &#8212; which contain the largest number of immune cells of any organ in the body &#8212; are constantly exposed to foreign antigens, both microbial and dietary. Given an increasing understanding that these luminal antigens help shape the immune response and that education of immune cells within the intestine is critical for a number of systemic diseases, there has been increased interest in characterizing the intestinal immune system. However, many published protocols are arduous and time-consuming. We present here a simplified protocol for the isolation of lymphocytes from the small-intestinal lamina propria, intraepithelial layer, and Peyer&#39;s patches that is rapid, reproducible, and does not require laborious Percoll gradients. Although the protocol focuses on the small intestine, it is also suitable for analysis of the colon. Moreover, we highlight some aspects that may need additional optimization depending on the specific scientific question. This approach results in the isolation of large numbers of viable lymphocytes that can subsequently be used for flow cytometric analysis or alternate means of characterization.

There is growing interest in the quantitative characterization of intestinal lymphocytes owing to increasing recognition that these cells play a critical role in a variety of intestinal and systemic diseases. In this protocol, we describe how to isolate single cell populations from different small-intestinal compartments for subsequent flow cytometric characterization.

Isolierung und Durchflusszytometrie Charakterisierung von murinen Dünndarms Lymphozyten

The intestines &#8212; which contain the largest number of immune cells of any organ in the body &#8212; are constantly exposed to foreign antigens, both ...

Isolation and Activation of Murine Lymphocytes

B and T cells, with their extremely diverse antigen-receptor repertoires, have the ability to mount specific immune responses against almost any invading pathogen1,2. Understandably, such intricate abilities are controlled by a large number of molecules involved in various cellular processes to ensure timely and spatially regulated immune responses3. Here, we describe experimental procedures that allow rapid isolation of highly purified murine lymphocytes using magnetic cell sorting technology. The resulting purified lymphocytes can then be subjected to various in vitro or in vivo functional assays, such as the determination of lymphocyte signaling capacity upon stimulation by immunoblotting4 and the investigation of proliferative abilities by 3H-thymidine incorporation or carboxyfluorescein diacetate succinimidyl ester (CFSE) labeling5-7. In addition to comparing the functional capacities of control and genetically modified lymphocytes, we can also determine the T cell stimulatory capacity of antigen-presenting cells (APCs) in vivo, as shown in our representative results using transplanted CFSE-labeled OT-I T cells.

Lymphocytes are the major players in adaptive immune responses. Here, we present a lymphocyte purification protocol to determine the physiological functions of the desired molecules in lymphocyte activation in vitro and in vivo. The described experimental procedures are suitable for comparing functional capacities between control and genetically modified lymphocytes.

Isolation und Aktivierung von murinen Lymphozyten

B and T cells, with their extremely diverse antigen-receptor repertoires, have the ability to mount specific immune responses against almost any invading ...

Ex Vivo Infection of Human Lymphoid Tissue and Female Genital Mucosa with Human Immunodeficiency Virus 1 and Histoculture

Histocultures allow studying intercellular interactions within human tissues, and they can be employed to model host-pathogen interactions under controlled laboratory conditions. Ex vivo infection of human tissues with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), among other viruses, has been successfully used to investigate early disease pathogenesis, as well as a platform to test the efficacy and toxicity of antiviral drugs. In the present protocol, we explain how to process and infect with HIV-1 tissue explants from human tonsils and cervical mucosae, and maintain them in culture on top of gelatin sponges at the liquid-air interface for about two weeks. This non-polarized culture setting maximizes access to nutrients in culture medium and oxygen, although progressive loss of tissue integrity and functional architectures remains its main limitation. This method allows monitoring HIV-1 replication and pathogenesis using several techniques, including immunoassays, qPCR, and flow cytometry. Of importance, the physiologic variability between tissue donors, as well as between explants from different areas of the same specimen, may significantly affect experimental results. To ensure result reproducibility, it is critical to use an adequate number of explants, technical replicates, and donor-matched control conditions to normalize the results of the experimental treatments when compiling data from multiple experiments (i.e., conducted using tissue from different donors) for statistical analysis.

Ex Vivo Infection of Human Lymphoid Tissue and Female Genital Mucosa with Human Immunodeficiency Virus 1 and Histoculture

Infection of human tissues with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) ex vivo provides a valuable 3D model of virus pathogenesis. Here, we describe a protocol to process and infect tissue specimens from human tonsils and female genital mucosae with HIV-1 and maintain them in culture at the liquid-air interface.

Ex-Vivo Infektion der lymphatischen Gewebe und weiblichen genitalen Schleimhaut mit Human Immunodeficiency Virus 1 und Histoculture

Histocultures allow studying intercellular interactions within human tissues, and they can be employed to model host-pathogen interactions under ...

Isolation of Dendritic Cells from the Human Female Reproductive Tract for Phenotypical and Functional Studies

The characterization of the human dendritic cells (DCs) resident in mucosal tissues is challenging due to the difficulty in obtaining samples, and the low numbers of DCs present per tissue. Yet, as the phenotype and function of DCs is modified by the tissue environment, it is necessary to analyze tissue resident DC populations, since blood derived DCs incompletely reflect the complexities of DCs in tissues. Here we present a protocol to isolate DCs from the human female reproductive tract (FRT) using hysterectomy specimens that allows both phenotypical and functional analyses. The protocol consists of tissue digestion to generate a single cell mixed cell suspension, followed by positive magnetic bead selection. Our tissue digestion protocol does not cleave surface markers, which allows phenotypical and functional analysis of DCs in the steady state, without overnight incubation or cell activation. This protocol can be adapted for the isolation of other immune cell types or isolation of DCs from other tissues.

We describe here a method to isolate and purify dendritic cells from different anatomical compartments in the human female reproductive tract for the evaluation of their phenotypical and functional characteristics. This method can be adapted to isolate other immune cells or dendritic cells from other mucosal tissues.

Isolation von dendritischen Zellen aus menschlichen weiblichen Fortpflanzungsorgane für phänotypische und funktionelle Studien

The characterization of the human dendritic cells (DCs) resident in mucosal tissues is challenging due to the difficulty in obtaining samples, and the low ...