Diese Arbeit wurde von der HIT-CF-Programm der niederländischen CF-Stiftung (NCFS), ZonMW (40-00812-98-14103) unterstützt, der Wilhelmina Kinderkrankenhaus Research Fund und der Tschechischen Republik und Zilverenkruis / Achmea. Wir möchten S. Heida-Michel, M. Geerdink, KM de Winter-de Groot, und G. Berkers (Abteilung für Pädiatrische Pneumologie, Wilhelmina Kinderkrankenhaus, UMC Utrecht) und RHJ Houwen (Abteilung für Pädiatrische Gastroenterologie, Wilhelmina zu danken Kinderkrankenhaus, UMC Utrecht) für die Patienten heranzugehen und die Biopsien für die Erzeugung eines CF Biobank zu bekommen.

<ol>
	<li>De Boeck, K., Amaral, M. D. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Progress+in+therapies+for+cystic+fibrosis.">Progress in therapies for cystic fibrosis.</a> Lancet Respir Med. 4 (8), 662-674 (2016).</li><li>Cutting, G. R. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Cystic+fibrosis+genetics:+from+molecular+understanding+to+clinical+application.">Cystic fibrosis genetics: from molecular understanding to clinical application.</a> Nature Rev Genet. 16 (1), 45-56 (2015).</li><li>Sosnay, P. R., Siklosi, K. 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Hans Clevers is an inventor on patents for organoid culture and the Forskolin-induced swelling assay. Jeffrey M Beekman is an inventor on a patent for the Forskolin-induced swelling assay. Sylvia F Boj and Robert Vries are employed by the Foundation Hubrecht Organoid Technology (HUB), which holds the exclusive license to the Organoid Technology. Otherwise, the authors have nothing to disclose.

Hier bieten wir ein komplettes Protokoll für die Erzeugung, Expansion, Einfrieren und Auftauen von menschlichen kolorektalen Organoiden. Während wir uns vor 17 einige Zeit menschliche organoiden Kulturen etabliert haben, hat es sich manchmal als schwierig erwiesen , die Technologie in anderen Labors ohne zu etablieren praktische Ausbildung. Wir gehen davon aus, dass diese Protokolle eine solche Ausbildung ersetzen wird. Wnt-3A-konditioniertes Medium ist eines der wi...

CF wird durch Mutationen in der Mukoviszidose - Transmembran Regulator (CFTR) -Gen verursacht , die eine epitheliale Anionenkanals kodiert. CF betrifft etwa 85.000 Menschen weltweit 1. Über 2.000 CFTR - Mutationen wurden identifiziert ( <a href="http://www.genet.sickkids.on.ca">www.genet.sickkids.on.ca</a> ). Diese Vielfalt erklärt zum Teil , ein breites Spektrum an beobachteten Krankheitsphänotypen ( <a href="http://www.CFTR2.org">www.CFTR2.org</a> ) 2, 3. Sechs Klassen von CFTR-Mutationen definiert sind, auf der Grundlage ihrer Wirkung auf CFTR-Protein-Expression und Funktion: (I) keine Synthese, (II) beeinträchtigt Handel, (III) defekte Kanal-Gating, (IV) geändert Leitfähigkeit, (V) reduzierte Mengen von in der Regel CFTR funktioniert, und (VI) beeinträchtigt Zelloberflächenstabilität 4. Obwohl die gemeinsame CFTR-Mutationen gut untersucht sind, die CFTR-Funktion und die Beziehung mit dem klinischen Zustand bleiben poorly verstanden auf der Ebene des Individuums, vor allem für die große Gruppe der seltenen &quot;orphan&quot; Mutationen ( <a href="http://www.CFTR2.org">www.CFTR2.org</a> ) 1, 3. Kürzlich wurden Arzneimittel entwickelt, das CFTR-Protein in einem mutationsspezifischen Art und Weise auszurichten. Zwei Klassen von CFTR-Protein-Targeting Medikamente befinden sich in der klinischen Anwendung und haben unterschiedliche Wirkungsweisen. Potenziatoren, wie VX-770, verbessern die Open-Wahrscheinlichkeit von apikal lokalisierten mutierten CFTR und direkt auf ihre Zugabe zu den Zellen 5 handeln. Korrektoren, wie VX-809, den Handel des endoplasmatischen Reticulum lokalisierten misfolded CFTR wieder herzustellen und erfordern Vorinkubation mit Zellen vor den Auswirkungen 6 beobachtet werden. Das CFTR potentiator, VX-770 wurde für Patienten mit der G551D - Mutation 7, 8, sowie für die acht anderen registriertenCFTR - Gating - Mutationen, einschließlich S1251N 9; gemeinsam werden diese Mutationen durch 5% aller CF Probanden getragen. Andere Studien haben gezeigt , dass VX-770, mit dem Korrektor VX-809 kombiniert, hat begrenzte noch mit erheblichen Auswirkungen auf die Lungenfunktion und führt zu einer Abnahme in Exazerbationsraten in Subjekten homozygot für die F508del von 45-50% der Patienten durch mutation 10, 11. Herkömmliche Studien arzneimittelreaktions Subjekten innerhalb der verbleibenden 50% der CF-Patienten sind kostspielig und zeitaufwendig und sind nicht durchführbar für Personen mit extrem selten CFTR-Genotypen zu identifizieren. Neuartige, kostengünstige, personalisierte Methoden sind entscheidend, um die wachsende Zahl von CFTR-Modulatoren Personen zuordenbar jede Art von CFTR Mutation trägt. unter Verwendung von mutierten CFTR-Gen-Transfektion in h Bisher hat die Studie die Aufnahme von Patientengruppen tragen bestimmte CFTR-Mutationen wurden durch Studien geführteterologous Zellsysteme, gefolgt von elektrophysiologischen Studien in Ussing - Kammern 5, 6, 12. Aufgrund eines Mangels an ausreichenden CF Tiermodellen, Arzneimittelwirksamkeitsstudien an der Luft-Flüssigkeits-Grenzfläche differenzierten für die Arzneimittelentwicklung 13 bronchialen Epithelzellen abgeleitet von CF Lungen Explantat Materialien wurden 14 verwendet wird , 15. die begrenzte Verfügbarkeit von Lungen Explantation Gewebe und den invasiven Verfahren jedoch zu bronchiale Zellen von Probanden ohne Endstadium der Erkrankung behindern die Analyse seltener CFTR-Mutationen erhalten und Drogentests in einem personalisierten Mode verhindern. Um diese Einschränkungen zu, &quot;easy access&quot; Gewebe, wie kolorektalen Organoiden, nasale Atemwegszellen und Atemwegszellen stammen aus induzierten pluripotenten Stammzellen zu überwinden, werden derzeit für personalisierte medikamentöse Behandlungen erforscht. 16, 17. Für den menschlichen Kolon / Rektum beinhalten die Kulturbedingungen definierten Wachstumsfaktoren (Epithelial Growth Factor (EGF), Gastrin, Wnt-3A, R-spondin 3 (Rspo3) und Noggin), kombiniert mit kleinen Molekülen (Nicotinamid, A83-01, und SB202190) in einer Basalmembranmatrix. Unter diesen Bedingungen wachsen einzelne Stammzellen oder kleine Gewebefragmente aus in geschlossene, zystische, 3D-Strukturen durch hochpolarisierten Epithel mit seinem basalen Seite gebildet außen orientiert. Alle Zelltypen erscheinen typischerweise in ihren normalen Verhältnissen und Positionen. Organoide kann durch wöchentliche mechanische Zerstörung und Wieder plating über lange Zeiträume erweitert werden. Sie sind genetisch und phänotypisch stabil und kann gespeichert werden, so dass langfristige Expansion und Bio-Banking - 17. Sie sind zugänglichalle Standard - zellbiologische / genetische Manipulationen und Analysetechniken für 2D - Zelllinien 18 entwickelt. Wir haben kürzlich gezeigt , dass die CFTR - Funktion kann leicht in kolorektalen Organoiden in einer Forskolin-induzierte Schwellung (FIS) -Test 19, 20 gemessen werden. Wenn ausgesetzt Forskolin (FSK) oder alternativ an Choleratoxin, Organoiden schnell ihre zyklisches Adenosinmonophosphat (cAMP) Spiegel erhöhen, was wiederum in der Öffnung des CFTR - Kanals 19. Organoide von gesunden Individuen oder von Patienten mit CFTR - Mutationen mit Restfunktion zugeordnet ist , wird anschließend als Folge des Ionen- und Wassertransport zu den organoiden Lumen schwellen, die in vitro - Äquivalent von sekretorischen Diarrhoe. Die FIS Antwort von kolorektalen Organoiden wurde zuvor gezeigt, vollständig CFTR-abhängig zu sein, wie abgeleitet von Organoiden angegeben von CFTR-null-Personen einnd durch die Verwendung von spezifischen pharmakologischen Inhibitoren CFTR 19. Große fachspezifische Datensätze können innerhalb weniger Wochen nach der Einnahme eine Biopsie entnommen werden. Für die FIS - Assay im Detail hier beschrieben, Organoide gezüchtet werden aus rektale Biopsien , die in jedem Alter und nur mit begrenztem Unannehmlichkeit 21 erhalten werden kann. Organoide werden wöchentlich durch mechanische Störung in einzelne Krypten agierten, die leicht wieder verschließen und neue Organoide bilden. Für den FIS - Test läuft, ~ 30-80 dieser gestört wenig Organoide werden in jede Vertiefung einer 96-Well - Platte 19 plattiert. Am Tag des Assays werden die Organoide mit Calcein grün gefärbt, ein fluoreszierendes zellpermeablen Farbstoff, der es innerhalb von lebenden Zellen zurückgehalten wird, Echtzeit-Bildgebung zu erleichtern. Dann Fsk, die die intrazelluläre cAMP erhöht und aktiviert dadurch CFTR, wird hinzugefügt, um organoide Schwellung zu stimulieren. Potenziatoren, die auf apikal CFTR wirken, werden gleichzeitig zugegeben with der Forskolin, während Korrektoren, die CFTR Handel wiederherzustellen 24 h vor der Zugabe von Fsk zugegeben. Die organoiden Quellung wird durch eine automatisierte Bildanalyse quantifiziert, die in der Gesamtfläche aller fluoreszierender Objekte für jeden Zeitpunkt auf Forskolin zusätzlich die relative Zunahme berechnet. 3D organoiden Schwellung Vor- und Nachteile gegenüber bestehenden elektro CFTR Ablesungen in 2D in Ussing-Kammern kultiviert Atemwegszellen liefert. Ein Hauptvorteil ist der Durchsatz des Quelltest. Die Zellen werden kultiviert und untersucht eine einzige Art von Kulturmedium verwenden, und ein erfahrener Techniker kann die Kultur bis zu 25 organoiden Proben auf einer wöchentlichen Basis, während rund 1.200 Datenpunkte pro Woche in 12 Patientenproben zu quantifizieren. Wir geben üblicherweise einen einzigen experimentellen Bedingungen durch doppelte oder dreifachen Messungen pro Platte und wiederholen Sie solche Messungen bei drei unabhängigen Inkubationszeit Punkte. Insgesamt etwa 300 bis 500 single organoide Strukturen werden dann pro experimentellen Bedingungen gemessen, die mit begrenzten technischen Variabilität sehr präzise Messungen der CFTR-Funktion führt. Diese Präzision ermöglicht es uns, deutliche Unterschiede definieren in Restfunktion und die Reaktion auf CFTR - Modulatoren und ermöglicht es uns leicht genetischen Hintergrund Effekte zwischen Patienten tragen identische CFTR - Mutationen 19, 22, 23, 24, 25 aufzunehmen. Die Datenqualität kann leicht von Mikroskopbildern beurteilt werden. Während FIS vollständig CFTR-abhängig ist, ist es ein indirektes Ergebnis Maßnahme für CFTR-Funktion, dessen Auslesung durch die Kopplung des Ionentransports zu den Fluidtransport verursacht. Dies steht im Gegensatz direkte CFTR - Funktion Messungen in Ussing - Kammern, die transepithelialen Ionenströme 26 messen. Ussing-Kammern ermöglichen die Auswahl Stimulation der apikalen oder basolateralen compartments (die die organoiden Test nicht erlaubt); von permeabilisierender basolateralen Membranen kann die apikal CFTR-abhängige Anion Sekretion selektiv 27 gemessen werden.

<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="1053">
	<tbody>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:355px;">Advanced Dulbecco&#8217;s Modified Eagles Medium with Nutrient Mixture F-12 Hams (Ad-DF) 500ml&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:180px;">Thermo Fisher Scientific:&#160; Invitrogen</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">#12634</td>
			<td style="width:399px;">stored at 4 &#176;C</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="44">
			<td height="44" style="height:44px;width:355px;">GlutaMax</td>
			<td style="width:180px;">Thermo Fisher Scientific:&#160; Invitrogen</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">#35050</td>
			<td style="width:399px;">stored at 4 &#176;C</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:355px;">Hepes</td>
			<td style="width:180px;">Thermo Fisher Scientific:&#160; Invitrogen</td>
			<td style="width:119px;"># 15630-056</td>
			<td style="width:399px;">stored at 4 &#176;C</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:355px;">Penicillin/Streptomycin</td>
			<td style="width:180px;">Thermo Fisher Scientific:&#160; Invitrogen</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">#15140-122</td>
			<td style="width:399px;">stored at -20 &#176;C</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:355px;">96 well culture plate</td>
			<td style="width:180px;">Cellstar</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">#655180</td>
			<td style="width:399px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:355px;">24 well culture plate</td>
			<td style="width:180px;">Cellstar</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">#662160</td>
			<td style="width:399px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:355px;">6 well culture plate</td>
			<td style="width:180px;">Cellstar</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">#657160</td>
			<td style="width:399px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="50">
			<td height="50" style="height:50px;width:355px;">Dulbecco&#39;s Phosphate Buffered Saline (-) CaCl2 (-) MgCl2) (DPBS)</td>
			<td style="width:180px;">Life Technologies: Gibco</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">#14190-094</td>
			<td style="width:399px;">stored at 4 &#176;C</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:355px;">Dulbecco&#8217;s Modified Eagles Medium&#160; (DMEM) 500ml&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:180px;">Thermo Fisher Scientific:&#160; Invitrogen</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">#31966-021</td>
			<td style="width:399px;">For Wnt-3A Conditioned Medium Production. Stored at 4 &#176;C</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="43">
			<td height="43" style="height:43px;width:355px;">Fetal Bovine Serum (FBS)</td>
			<td style="width:180px;">Bovogen</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">#SFBS LOT#11113</td>
			<td style="width:399px;">For Wnt-3A Conditioned Medium Production. Stored at -20 &#176;C</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="43">
			<td height="43" style="height:43px;width:355px;">L Wnt3A cell line</td>
			<td style="width:180px;">ATCC</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">#CRL-2647</td>
			<td style="width:399px;">For Wnt-3A Conditioend Medium Production.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="24">
			<td height="24" style="height:24px;width:355px;">TOP/FOP plasmids</td>
			<td style="width:180px;">Millipore&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">#17-285</td>
			<td style="width:399px;">For measuring Wnt activity</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:355px;">pTK-Renilla</td>
			<td style="width:180px;">Promega&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">#E2241</td>
			<td style="width:399px;">For measuring Wnt activity</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:355px;">HEK-293</td>
			<td style="width:180px;">ATCC</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">#CRL-1573</td>
			<td style="width:399px;">For measuring Wnt activity</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:355px;">Dual-Luciferase Reporter Assay System</td>
			<td style="width:180px;">Promega&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">#E1910</td>
			<td style="width:399px;">For measuring Wnt activity</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:355px;">Zeocin&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:180px;">Thermo Fisher Scientific:&#160; Invitrogen</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">#R250-01</td>
			<td style="width:399px;">For Wnt-3A Cell line selection</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:355px;">B27 supplement&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:180px;">Thermo Fisher Scientific:&#160; Invitrogen</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">#17504-044</td>
			<td style="width:399px;">stored at -20 &#176;C</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:355px;">N-Acetylcysteine</td>
			<td style="width:180px;">Sigma Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">#A9165-5G</td>
			<td style="width:399px;">stored at -20 &#176;C</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:355px;">Nicotinamide</td>
			<td style="width:180px;">Sigma Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">#N0636</td>
			<td style="width:399px;">stored at -20 &#176;C</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="24">
			<td height="24" style="height:24px;width:355px;">Human Epithelial Growth Factor (hEGF)</td>
			<td style="width:180px;">PrepoTech</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">#AF-100-15</td>
			<td style="width:399px;">stored at -20 &#176;C</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="46">
			<td height="46" style="height:46px;width:355px;">Gastrin</td>
			<td style="width:180px;">Sigma Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">#G9145</td>
			<td style="width:399px;">stored at -20 &#176;C</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:355px;">TGFb type I Receptor inhibitor (A83-01)&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:180px;">Tocris</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">#2939</td>
			<td style="width:399px;">stored at -20 &#176;C</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:355px;">Y-27632 dihydrochloride (RhoKi)</td>
			<td style="width:180px;">Selleckchem</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">#S1049</td>
			<td style="width:399px;">stored at -20 &#176;C</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:355px;">p38 MAPK inhibitor (p38i) (SB202190)</td>
			<td style="width:180px;">Sigma Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">#S7067</td>
			<td style="width:399px;">stored at -20 &#176;C</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:355px;">Primocin</td>
			<td style="width:180px;">InvivoGen</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">#ant-pm-1</td>
			<td style="width:399px;">stored at -20 &#176;C</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:355px;">Human Noggin (hNoggin)</td>
			<td style="width:180px;">PrepoTech</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">#120-10C</td>
			<td style="width:399px;">stored at -20 &#176;C</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:355px;">Human R-spondin 3 (hRspo-3)</td>
			<td style="width:180px;">R&#38;D Systems</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">#3500-RS/CF</td>
			<td style="width:399px;">stored at -20 &#176;C</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:355px;">Vancomycin</td>
			<td style="width:180px;">Sigma Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">#861987- 250mg</td>
			<td style="width:399px;">stored at -20 &#176;C</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:355px;">Gentamycin</td>
			<td style="width:180px;">Life Technologies: Gibco</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">#15710-049</td>
			<td style="width:399px;">stored at -20 &#176;C</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="25">
			<td height="25" style="height:25px;width:355px;">Ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA)</td>
			<td style="width:180px;">Sigma Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">#431788</td>
			<td style="width:399px;">Stored at 4 &#176;C</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:355px;">Matrigel</td>
			<td style="width:180px;">Corning</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">#354230</td>
			<td style="width:399px;">stored at -80 &#176;C</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:355px;">TryplE Express&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:180px;">Life Technologies: Gibco</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">#12605-010</td>
			<td style="width:399px;">for trypsinizing organoids for freezing</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:355px;">Recovery Cell Culture Freezing Medium</td>
			<td style="width:180px;">Life Technologies: Gibco</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">#12648010</td>
			<td style="width:399px;">for freezing</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:355px;">Calcein</td>
			<td style="width:180px;">Life Technologies: Gibco</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">#C3100MP</td>
			<td style="width:399px;">stored at -20 &#176;C</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:355px;">Forskolin</td>
			<td style="width:180px;">R&#38;D Systems</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">#1099-50 mg</td>
			<td style="width:399px;">stored at -80 &#176;C</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:355px;">Lumacaftor (VX-809)</td>
			<td style="width:180px;">Selleckchem</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">#s1565</td>
			<td style="width:399px;">stored at -80 &#176;C</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:355px;">Ivacaftor (VX-770)</td>
			<td style="width:180px;">Selleckchem</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">#s1144</td>
			<td style="width:399px;">stored at -80 &#176;C</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:355px;">Name of Reagents/Material</td>
			<td style="width:180px;">Solvent</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">Stock Concentration</td>
			<td style="width:399px;">Final Concentration</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:355px;">GlutaMax</td>
			<td style="width:180px;"></td>
			<td style="width:119px;">200 mM</td>
			<td style="width:399px;">2m M</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:355px;">Hepes</td>
			<td style="width:180px;"></td>
			<td style="width:119px;">1 M</td>
			<td style="width:399px;">10 mM</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:355px;">Penicillin/Streptomycin</td>
			<td style="width:180px;"></td>
			<td style="width:119px;">10K U/ml 10K &#181;g/ml</td>
			<td style="width:399px;">100 U/ml 100 &#181;g/ml</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:355px;">Zeocin&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:180px;"></td>
			<td style="width:119px;">100 mg/ml&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:399px;">125 &#181;g/ml</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:355px;">B27 supplement&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:180px;"></td>
			<td style="width:119px;">100 x</td>
			<td style="width:399px;">1 x</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="25">
			<td height="25" style="height:25px;width:355px;">N-Acetylcysteine</td>
			<td style="width:180px;">MiliQ H20</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">500 mM</td>
			<td style="width:399px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:355px;">Nicotinamide</td>
			<td style="width:180px;">DPBS</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">1 M</td>
			<td style="width:399px;">10 mM</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:355px;">Human Epithelial Growth Factor (hEGF)</td>
			<td style="width:180px;">DPBS 0.1%BSA</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">0.5 mg/ml</td>
			<td style="width:399px;">50 ng/ml</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:355px;">Gastrin</td>
			<td style="width:180px;">DPBS</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">100 &#181;M</td>
			<td style="width:399px;">10 nM</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:355px;">TGFb type I Receptor inhibitor (A83-01)&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:180px;">DMSO</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">5 mM</td>
			<td style="width:399px;">500 nM</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:355px;">Y-27632 dihydrochloride (RhoKi)</td>
			<td style="width:180px;">DMSO</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">10 mM</td>
			<td style="width:399px;">10 &#181;M</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:355px;">p38 MAPK inhibitor (p38i) (SB202190)</td>
			<td style="width:180px;">DMSO</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">30 mM</td>
			<td style="width:399px;">10 &#181;M</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:355px;">Primocin</td>
			<td style="width:180px;"></td>
			<td style="width:119px;">50 mg/ml&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:399px;">100 &#181;g/ml</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:355px;">Human Noggin (hNoggin)</td>
			<td style="width:180px;">DPBS 0.1%BSA</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">100 &#181;g/ml</td>
			<td style="width:399px;">100 ng/ml</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:355px;">Human R-spondin 3 (hRspo-3)</td>
			<td style="width:180px;"></td>
			<td style="width:119px;">varies per lot</td>
			<td style="width:399px;">300 ng/ml</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:355px;">Vancomycin</td>
			<td style="width:180px;"></td>
			<td style="width:119px;">10 mg/ml</td>
			<td style="width:399px;">50 &#181;g/ml</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:355px;">Gentamycin</td>
			<td style="width:180px;"></td>
			<td style="width:119px;">10 mg/ml</td>
			<td style="width:399px;">50 &#181;g/ml</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="25">
			<td height="25" style="height:25px;width:355px;">Ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA)</td>
			<td style="width:180px;">MiliQ H20</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">0.5 M</td>
			<td style="width:399px;">2 mM</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:355px;">Calcein</td>
			<td style="width:180px;">DMSO</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">10 &#181;g/ml</td>
			<td style="width:399px;">3.3 ng/ml</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:355px;">Forskolin</td>
			<td style="width:180px;">DMSO</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">10 mM</td>
			<td style="width:399px;">variable</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:355px;">Lumacaftor (VX-809)</td>
			<td style="width:180px;">DMSO</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">20 mM</td>
			<td style="width:399px;">variable</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:355px;">Ivacaftor (VX-770)</td>
			<td style="width:180px;">DMSO</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">20 mM</td>
			<td style="width:399px;">variable</td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

forskolin-induced swelling in intestinal organoids: an in vitro assay for assessing drug response in cystic fibrosis patients

Recently-developed cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR)-modulating drugs correct surface expression and/or function of the mutant CFTR channel in subjects with cystic fibrosis (CF). Identification of subjects that may benefit from these drugs is challenging because of the extensive heterogeneity of CFTR mutations, as well as other unknown factors that contribute to individual drug efficacy. Here, we describe a simple and relatively rapid assay for measuring individual CFTR function and response to CFTR modulators in vitro. Three dimensional (3D) epithelial organoids are grown from rectal biopsies in standard organoid medium. Once established, the organoids can be bio-banked for future analysis. For the assay, 30-80 organoids are seeded in 96-well plates in basement membrane matrix and are then exposed to drugs. One day later, the organoids are stained with calcein green, and forskolin-induced swelling is monitored by confocal live cell microscopy at 37 &#176;C. Forskolin-induced swelling is fully CFTR-dependent and is sufficiently sensitive and precise to allow for discrimination between the drug responses of individuals with different and even identical CFTR mutations. In vitro swell responses correlate with the clinical response to therapy. This assay provides a cost-effective approach for the identification of drug-responsive individuals, independent of their CFTR mutations. It may also be instrumental in the development of future CFTR modulators.

1A zeigt eine repräsentative frische Isolierung von Krypten auf BMM eingebettet. Die Krypten sind aus einem kolorektalen Biopsie einer CF Thema. Üblicherweise wird ein organoid aus jeder Krypta (1A - C) erzeugt. Aufgrund der Funktionsstörung der CFTR, sind die meisten der colon CF Organoide nicht cystic, sondern sind kompakt und mit Vorsprüngen und buddings (2A - 2B). Allerdings organoiden einige CF ...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Forskolin-induced Swelling in Intestinal Organoids: An In Vitro Assay for Assessing Drug Response in Cystic Fibrosis Patients at JoVE.com

Forskolin-induced Swelling in Intestinal Organoids: An In Vitro Assay for Assessing Drug Response in Cystic Fibrosis Patients

This protocol describes an assay for measuring CFTR function and CFTR modulator responses in cultured tissue from subjects with cystic fibrosis (CF). Biopsy-derived intestinal organoids swell in a cAMP-driven fashion, a response that is defective (or strongly reduced) in CF organoids and can be restored by exposure to CFTR modulators.

Forskolin-induzierte Quellung in Intestinale Organoide: Ein<em&gt; In Vitro</em&gt; Assay für Fibrosis Patienten in Cystic Drug Response-Beurteilung

Recently-developed cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR)-modulating drugs correct surface expression and/or function of the mutant ...

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Forskolin-induced Swelling in Intestinal Organoids: An In Vitro Assay for Assessing Drug Response in Cystic Fibrosis Patients

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19.0K Aufrufe.  Foundation Hubrecht Organoid Technology. This protocol describes an assay for measuring CFTR function and CFTR modulator responses in cultured tissue from subjects with cystic fibrosis (CF). Biopsy-derived intestinal organoids swell in a cAMP-driven fashion, a response that is defective (or strongly reduced) in CF organoids and can be restored by exposure to CFTR modulators.

Serie: Forskolin-induced Swelling in Intestinal Organoids: An In Vitro Assay for Assessing Drug Response in Cystic Fibrosis Patients

Assessing Teratogenic Changes in a Zebrafish Model of Fetal Alcohol Exposure

Fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS) is a severe manifestation of embryonic exposure to ethanol. It presents with characteristic defects to the face and organs, including mental retardation due to disordered and damaged brain development. Fetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD) is a term used to cover a continuum of birth defects that occur due to maternal alcohol consumption, and occurs in approximately 4% of children born in the United States. With 50% of child-bearing age women reporting consumption of alcohol, and half of all pregnancies being unplanned, unintentional exposure is a continuing issue2. In order to best understand the damage produced by ethanol, plus produce a model with which to test potential interventions, we developed a model of developmental ethanol exposure using the zebrafish embryo. Zebrafish are ideal for this kind of teratogen study3-8. Each pair lays hundreds of eggs, which can then be collected without harming the adult fish. The zebrafish embryo is transparent and can be readily imaged with any number of stains. Analysis of these embryos after exposure to ethanol at different doses and times of duration and application shows that the gross developmental defects produced by ethanol are consistent with the human birth defect. Described here are the basic techniques used to study and manipulate the zebrafish FAS model.

In order to understand the molecular mechanisms of the ethanol-induced developmental damage, we have developed a zebrafish model of ethanol exposure and are exploring the physical, cellular, and genetic alterations that occur after ethanol exposure1. We then seek to find potential interventions and rapidly test them in this animal model.

Die Beurteilung Teratogene Änderungen in einem Zebrafisch-Modell der Fetal Alcohol Exposure

Fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS) is a severe manifestation of embryonic exposure to ethanol. It presents with characteristic defects to the face and organs, ...

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Medizin

Assessing Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathy Species Barriers with an In Vitro Prion Protein Conversion Assay

Studies to understanding interspecies transmission of transmissible spongiform encephalopathies (TSEs, prion diseases) are challenging in that they typically rely upon lengthy and costly in vivo animal challenge studies. A number of in vitro assays have been developed to aid in measuring prion species barriers, thereby reducing animal use and providing quicker results than animal bioassays. Here, we present the protocol for a rapid in vitro prion conversion assay called the conversion efficiency ratio (CER) assay. In this assay cellular prion protein (PrPC) from an uninfected host brain is denatured at both pH 7.4 and 3.5 to produce two substrates. When the pH 7.4 substrate is incubated with TSE agent, the amount of PrPC that converts to a proteinase K (PK)-resistant state is modulated by the original host&#8217;s species barrier to the TSE agent. In contrast, PrPC in the pH 3.5 substrate is misfolded by any TSE agent. By comparing the amount of PK-resistant prion protein in the two substrates, an assessment of the host&#8217;s species barrier can be made. We show that the CER assay correctly predicts known prion species barriers of laboratory mice and, as an example, show some preliminary results suggesting that bobcats (Lynx rufus) may be susceptible to white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) chronic wasting disease agent.

Assessing Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathy Species Barriers with an In Vitro Prion Protein Conversion Assay

Measuring the barrier to the interspecies transmission of prion diseases is challenging and typically involves animal challenges or biochemical assays. Here, we present an in vitro prion protein conversion assay with the ability to predict species barriers.

Die Beurteilung Transmissible Spongiforme Enzephalopathie Artgrenzen mit ein<em&gt; In-vitro-</em&gt; Prion Protein-Umwandlungsassay

Studies to understanding interspecies transmission of transmissible spongiform encephalopathies (TSEs, prion diseases) are challenging in that they ...

Assessing Specificity of Anticancer Drugs In Vitro

A procedure for assessing specificity of anticancer drugs in vitro using cultures containing both tumor and non-tumor cells is demonstrated. The key element is the quantitative determination of a tumor-specific genetic alteration in relation to a universal sequence using a dual-probe digital PCR assay and the subsequent calculation of the proportion of tumor cells. The assay is carried out on a culture containing tumor cells of an established line and spiked-in non-tumor cells. The mixed culture is treated with a test drug at various concentrations. After the treatment, DNA is prepared directly from the survived adhesive cells in wells of 96-well plates using a simple and inexpensive method, and subjected to a dual-probe digital PCR assay for measuring a tumor-specific genetic alteration and a reference universal sequence. In the present demonstration, a heterozygous deletion of the NF1 gene is used as the tumor-specific genetic alteration and a RPP30 gene as the reference gene. Using the ratio NF1/RPP30, the proportion of tumor cells was calculated. Since the dose-dependent change of the proportion of tumor cells provides an in vitro indication for specificity of the drug, this genetic and cell-based in vitro assay will likely have application potential in drug discovery. Furthermore, for personalized cancer-care, this genetic- and cell-based tool may contribute to optimizing adjuvant chemotherapy by means of testing efficacy and specificity of candidate drugs using primary cultures of individual tumors.

Assessing Specificity of Anticancer Drugs In Vitro

The goal of this protocol is to assess specificity of anticancer drugs in vitro using mixed cultures containing both tumor and non-tumor cells.

Die Beurteilung Spezifität von Anti-Krebs-Medikamente<em&gt; In Vitro</em

A procedure for assessing specificity of anticancer drugs in vitro using cultures containing both tumor and non-tumor cells is demonstrated. The key ...

Optimized LC-MS/MS Method for the High-throughput Analysis of Clinical Samples of Ivacaftor, Its Major Metabolites, and Lumacaftor in Biological Fluids of Cystic Fibrosis Patients

Defects in the cystic fibrosis trans-membrane conductance regulator (CFTR) are the cause of cystic fibrosis (CF), a disease with life-threatening pulmonary manifestations. Ivacaftor (IVA) and ivacaftor-lumacaftor (LUMA) combination are two new breakthrough CF drugs that directly modulate the activity and trafficking of the defective CFTR-protein. However, there is still a dearth of understanding on pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic parameters and the pharmacology of ivacaftor and lumacaftor. The HPLC-MS technique for the simultaneous analysis of the concentrations of ivacaftor, hydroxymethyl-ivacaftor, ivacaftor-carboxylate, and lumacaftor in biological fluids in patients receiving standard ivacaftor or ivacaftor-lumacaftor combination therapy has previously been developed by our group and partially validated to FDA standards. However, to allow the high-throughput analysis of a larger number of patient samples, our group has optimized the reported method through the use of a smaller pore size reverse-phase chromatography column (2.6 &#181;m, C8 100 &#197;; 50 x 2.1 mm) and a gradient solvent system (0-1 min: 40% B; 1-2 min: 40-70% B; 2-2.7 min: held at 70% B; 2.7-2.8 min: 70-90% B; 2.8-4.0 min: 90% B washing; 4.0-4.1 min: 90-40% B; 4.1-6.0 min: held at 40% B) instead of an isocratic elution. The goal of this study was to reduce the HPLC-MS analysis time per sample dramatically from ~15 min to only 6 min per sample, which is essential for the analysis of a large amount of patient samples. This expedient method will be of considerable utility for studies into the exposure-response relationships of these breakthrough CF drugs.

Ivacaftor and ivacaftor-lumacaftor combination are two new CF drugs. However, there is still a dearth of understanding on their PK/PD and pharmacology. We present an optimized HPLC-MS technique for the simultaneous analysis of ivacaftor and its major metabolites, and lumacaftor.

Optimierte LC-MS/MS-Methode für die Hochdurchsatz-Analyse der klinischen Proben von Ivacaftor, seinen Hauptmetaboliten und Lumacaftor in biologischen Flüssigkeiten von Mukoviszidose-Patienten

Defects in the cystic fibrosis trans-membrane conductance regulator (CFTR) are the cause of cystic fibrosis (CF), a disease with life-threatening ...

Improved Method for the Establishment of an In Vitro Blood-Brain Barrier Model Based on Porcine Brain Endothelial Cells

The aim of this protocol presents an optimized procedure for the purification and cultivation of pBECs and to establish in vitro blood-brain barrier (BBB) models based on pBECs in mono-culture (MC), MC with astrocyte-conditioned medium (ACM), and non-contact co-culture (NCC) with astrocytes of porcine or rat origin. pBECs were isolated and cultured from fragments of capillaries from the brain cortices of domestic pigs 5-6 months old. These fragments were purified by careful removal of meninges, isolation and homogenization of grey matter, filtration, enzymatic digestion, and centrifugation. To further eliminate contaminating cells, the capillary fragments were cultured with puromycin-containing medium. When 60-95% confluent, pBECs growing from the capillary fragments were passaged to permeable membrane filter inserts and established in the models. To increase barrier tightness and BBB characteristic phenotype of pBECs, the cells were treated with the following differentiation factors: membrane permeant 8-CPT-cAMP (here abbreviated cAMP), hydrocortisone, and a phosphodiesterase inhibitor, RO-20-1724 (RO). The procedure was carried out over a period of 9-11 days, and when establishing the NCC model, the astrocytes were cultured 2-8 weeks in advance. Adherence to the described procedures in the protocol has allowed the establishment of endothelial layers with highly restricted paracellular permeability, with the NCC model showing an average transendothelial electrical resistance (TEER) of 1249 &#177; 80 &#937; cm2, and paracellular permeability (Papp) for Lucifer Yellow of 0.90 10-6 &#177; 0.13 10-6 cm sec-1 (mean &#177; SEM, n=55). Further evaluation of this pBEC phenotype showed good expression of the tight junctional proteins claudin 5, ZO-1, occludin and adherens junction protein p120 catenin. The model presented can be used for a range of studies of the BBB in health and disease and, with the highly restrictive paracellular permeability, this model is suitable for studies of transport and intracellular trafficking.

Improved Method for the Establishment of an In Vitro Blood-Brain Barrier Model Based on Porcine Brain Endothelial Cells

The aim of the protocol is to present an optimized procedure for the establishment of an in vitro blood-brain barrier (BBB) model based on primary porcine brain endothelial cells (pBECs). The model shows high reproducibility, high tightness, and is suitable for studies of transport and intracellular trafficking in drug discovery.

Verbesserte Methode für die Einrichtung einer In-vitro- Blut - Hirn-Schranke Modell auf porcinen Endothelzellen Gehirnzellen basiert

The aim of this protocol presents an optimized procedure for the purification and cultivation of pBECs and to establish in vitro blood-brain barrier (BBB) ...

A Fluorescence-based Assay for Characterization and Quantification of Lipid Droplet Formation in Human Intestinal Organoids

Dietary lipids are taken up as free fatty acids (FAs) by the intestinal epithelium. These FAs are intracellularly converted into triglyceride (TG) molecules, before they are packaged into chylomicrons for transport to the lymph or into cytosolic lipid droplets (LDs) for intracellular storage. A crucial step for the formation of LDs is the catalytic activity of diacylglycerol acyltransferases (DGAT) in the final step of TG synthesis. LDs are important to buffer toxic lipid species and regulate cellular metabolism in different cell types. Since the human intestinal epithelium is regularly confronted with high concentrations of lipids, LD formation is of great importance to regulate homeostasis. Here we describe a simple assay for the characterization and quantification of LD formation (LDF) upon stimulation with the most common unsaturated fatty acid, oleic acid, in human intestinal organoids. The LDF assay is based on the LD-specific fluorescent dye LD540, which allows for quantification of LDs by confocal microscopy, fluorescent plate reader, or flow cytometry. The LDF assay can be used to characterize LD formation in human intestinal epithelial cells, or to study human (genetic) disorders that affect LD metabolism, such as DGAT1 deficiency. Furthermore, this assay can also be used in a high-throughput pipeline to test novel therapeutic compounds, which restore defects in LD formation in intestinal or other types of organoids.

This protocol describes an assay for the characterization of lipid droplet (LD) formation in human intestinal organoids upon stimulation with fatty acids. We discuss how this assay is used for quantification of LD formation, and how it can be used for high throughput screening for drugs that affect LD formation.

Ein fluoreszenzbasierter Assay zur Charakterisierung und Quantifizierung der Lipidtropfenbildung bei menschlichen Darmorganoiden

Dietary lipids are taken up as free fatty acids (FAs) by the intestinal epithelium. These FAs are intracellularly converted into triglyceride (TG) ...

Investigating Intestinal Barrier Breakdown in Living Organoids

Organoids and three-dimensional (3D) cell cultures allow the investigation of complex biological mechanisms and regulations in vitro, which previously was not possible in classical cell culture monolayers. Moreover, monolayer cell cultures are good in vitro model systems but do not represent the complex cellular differentiation processes and functions that rely on 3D structure. This has so far only been possible in animal experiments, which are laborious, time consuming, and hard to assess by optical techniques. Here we describe an assay to quantitatively determine the barrier integrity over time in living small intestinal mouse organoids. To validate our model, we applied interferon gamma (IFN-&#947;) as a positive control for barrier destruction and organoids derived from IFN-&#947; receptor 2 knock out mice as a negative control. The assay allowed us to determine the impact of IFN-&#947; on the intestinal barrier integrity and the IFN-&#947; induced degradation of the tight junction proteins claudin-2, -7, and -15. This assay could also be used to investigate the impact of chemical compounds, proteins, toxins, bacteria, or patient-derived probes on the intestinal barrier integrity.

Here we describe a technique to quantify the barrier integrity of small intestinal organoids. The fact that the method is based on living organoids enables the sequential investigation of different barrier integrity modulating substances or combinations thereof in a time-resolved manner.

Untersuchung des Darmbarriereabbaus bei lebenden Organoiden

Organoids and three-dimensional (3D) cell cultures allow the investigation of complex biological mechanisms and regulations in vitro, which previously was ...

Using a Chemical Biopsy for Graft Quality Assessment

Kidney transplantation is a life-saving treatment for a large number of people with end-stage renal dysfunction worldwide. The procedure is associated with an increased survival rate and greater quality of patient&#8217;s life when compared to conventional dialysis. Regrettably, transplantology suffers from a lack of reliable methods for organ quality assessment. Standard diagnostic techniques are limited to macroscopic appearance inspection or invasive tissue biopsy, which do not provide comprehensive information about the graft. The proposed protocol aims to introduce solid phase microextraction (SPME) as an ideal analytical method for comprehensive metabolomics and lipidomic analysis of all low molecular compounds present in kidneys allocated for transplantation. The small size of the SPME probe enables performance of a chemical biopsy, which enables extraction of metabolites directly from the organ without any tissue collection. The minimum invasiveness of the method permits execution of multiple analyses over time: directly after organ harvesting, during its preservation, and immediately after revascularization at the recipient&#8217;s body. It is hypothesized that the combination of this novel sampling method with a high-resolution mass spectrometer will allow for discrimination of a set of characteristic compounds that could serve as biological markers of graft quality and indicators of possible development of organ dysfunction.

The protocol presents utilization of the chemical biopsy approach followed by comprehensive metabolomic and lipidomic analysis for quality assessment of kidney grafts allocated for transplantation.

Verwendung einer chemischen Biopsie zur Graft-Qualitätsbewertung

Kidney transplantation is a life-saving treatment for a large number of people with end-stage renal dysfunction worldwide. The procedure is associated ...

Culture and Imaging of Human Nasal Epithelial Organoids

Individualized therapy for cystic fibrosis (CF) patients can be achieved with an in vitro disease model to understand baseline Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane conductance Regulator (CFTR) activity and restoration from small molecule compounds. Our group recently focused on establishing a well-differentiated organoid model directly derived from primary human nasal epithelial cells (HNE). Histology of sectioned organoids, whole-mount immunofluorescent staining, and imaging (using confocal microscopy, immunofluorescent microscopy, and bright field) are essential to characterize organoids and confirm epithelial differentiation in preparation for functional assays. Furthermore, HNE organoids produce lumens of varying sizes that correlate with CFTR activity, distinguishing between CF and non-CF organoids. In this manuscript, the methodology for culturing HNE organoids are described in detail, focusing on the assessment of differentiation using the imaging modalities, including the measurement of baseline lumen area (a method of CFTR activity measurement in organoids that any laboratory with a microscope can employ) as well as the developed automated approach to a functional assay (which requires more specialized equipment).

A detailed protocol is presented here to describe an in vitro organoid model from human nasal epithelial cells. The protocol has options for measurements requiring standard laboratory equipment, with additional possibilities for specialized equipment and software.

Kultur und Bildgebung von humanen nasalen Epithelorganoiden

Individualized therapy for cystic fibrosis (CF) patients can be achieved with an in vitro disease model to understand baseline Cystic Fibrosis ...

Rectal Organoid Morphology Analysis (ROMA): A Diagnostic Assay in Cystic Fibrosis

Diagnosis of cystic fibrosis (CF) is not always straightforward, especially when sweat chloride concentration is intermediate and/or less than two disease-causing CFTR mutations can be identified. Physiological CFTR assays (nasal potential difference, intestinal current measurement) have been included in the diagnostic algorithm but are not always readily available or feasible (e.g., in infants). Rectal organoids are 3D structures that grow from stem cells isolated from crypts of a rectal biopsy when cultured under specific conditions. Organoids from non-CF subjects have a round shape and a fluid-filled lumen, as CFTR-mediated chloride transport drives water into the lumen. Organoids with defective CFTR function do not swell, retaining an irregular shape and having no visible lumen. Differences in morphology between CF and non-CF organoids are quantified in the &#39;Rectal Organoid Morphology Analysis&#39; (ROMA) as a novel CFTR physiological assay. For the ROMA assay, organoids are plated in 96-well plates, stained with calcein, and imaged in a confocal microscope. Morphological differences are quantified using two indexes: The circularity index (CI) quantifies the roundness of organoids, and the intensity ratio (IR) is a measure of the presence of a central lumen. Non-CF organoids have a high CI and low IR compared to CF organoids. ROMA indexes perfectly discriminated 167 subjects with CF from 22 subjects without CF, making ROMA an appealing physiological CFTR assay to aid in CF diagnosis. Rectal biopsies can be routinely performed at all ages in most hospitals and tissue can be sent to a central lab for organoid culture and ROMA. In the future, ROMA might also be applied to test the efficacy of CFTR modulators in vitro. The aim of the present report is to fully explain the methods used for ROMA, to allow replication in other labs.

Rectal Organoid Morphology Analysis ROMA: A Diagnostic Assay in Cystic Fibrosis

This protocol describes rectal organoid morphology analysis (ROMA), a novel diagnostic assay for cystic fibrosis (CF). Morphological characteristics, namely the roundness (circularity index, CI) and the presence of a lumen (intensity ratio, IR), are a measure of CFTR function. Analysis of 189 subjects showed perfect discrimination between CF and non-CF.