1. Ética Animal Antes de realizar la hipertermia larga duración en ratones asegurarse de que el procedimiento ha sido aprobado por el Cuidado de Animales institucional y el empleo. Todos los procedimientos descritos en este documento y se muestra en el video que lo acompaña fueron aprobados por el Comité Institucional de Ética Animal del Instituto Nacional de Inmunología. 2. Entendimiento hipertermia La hipertermia de todo el cuerpo (WBH) se administra mediante la colocación de los animales en jaulas precalentado que se colocan en una incubadora mantenida a 39,5 ° C. En la estandarización de protocolo, un sensor de temperatura que se implantan quirúrgicamente en los ratones y su temperatura corporal se controló en diferentes condiciones experimentales. Se observó que, al colocar los animales en ambiente caliente, su temperatura aumenta gradualmente desde 37 ° C a un máximo de 42 ° C durante la duración de 100 min (Figura 1). The resultante &quot;pico&quot; de la temperatura es intrigante que la temperatura interna del cuerpo disparo incluso superior a la temperatura ambiental externa. Cuando la temperatura corporal superior a 40 ° C, el animal muestra signos de estrés y la deshidratación, tales como agentes humectantes alrededor del hocico. Aumento de la temperatura corporal superior a 40 º C, dará lugar a la humedad y el estrés irreversible e incluso la muerte de los animales debido al estrés térmico. Por lo tanto, es importante para prevenir los picos de temperatura durante el curso de la hipertermia. Este fenómeno de los picos de alta temperatura está asociado con la hiperactividad física de los animales durante la exposición hipertermia. Picos de temperatura similares fueron observados por otros grupos y también estaban asociados con la hiperactividad física del animal al ser introducido en el medio ambiente con temperaturas más altas 10. En el protocolo, los ratones se inmovilizan durante la exposición hipertermia. Comose muestra en la Figura 2, la inmovilización de los animales evita los picos de temperatura. Hemos utilizado 8-12 semanas de edad BALB / cJ ratones para demostrar este protocolo. El protocolo no está restringida a un tipo particular / deformación de los ratones. 3. Preparación para el Experimento 3,1 Incubadora Este experimento se puede realizar en una incubadora de CO 2 normales, ya que tienen un buen control de temperatura. Desconecte el suministro de gas CO 2 y retire la bandeja de retención de agua de la incubadora de CO 2. En algunos modelos de incubadoras es posible desactivar el controlador de CO 2. Organizar estantes de la incubadora para que una jaula ratones podrían ser colocados convenientemente dentro. Establecer la temperatura de la incubadora a 39,5 ° C. 3,2 Jaulas Típicamente, la hipertermia experimento se realiza en 4 ratones a la vez. Dos jaulas se requieren; ene se coloca dentro de la incubadora, y el otro se coloca fuera a temperatura ambiente. Ropa de cama de las jaulas se evita, como las manchas de ropa de cama que se humedezca con el tiempo que da lugar a una aplicación no uniforme de temperatura dentro de la jaula. La caja exterior debe tener bolitas de comida y una botella de agua. 3,3 Ratones tubos de inmovilización Durante el curso de la primera 4 ciclos de ratones hipertermia son inmovilizados en tubos perforados. Estos tubos de inmovilización puede estar hecha de tubos de 50 &#39;de centrífuga&#39; ml por agujeros de la perforación 3 mm en todo su cuerpo y cuatro de tales tubos se requiere. El tubo de 50 ml convenientemente se puede inmovilizar BALB / cJ ratones que tienen más de 8 semanas. Tubos de tamaños apropiados pueden ser necesarios para algunas cepa inusualmente diferente de ratones o de los ratones que son muy jóvenes o mayores de 50 semanas. Colocar los tubos de inmovilización y una jaula dentro de la incubadora mantenida a 39,5 ° C. Espere por lo menos 2 horas para que la jaula y metubos mmobilization alcanzar la temperatura de la incubadora. 4. Primer ciclo de la hipertermia Los ratones pueden sufrir deshidratación durante la exposición hipertermia. Por lo tanto, antes de comenzar el experimento, se administran 0,5 ml de solución salina normal por vía intraperitoneal a cada ratón. Use una aguja de 26 G con jeringa de 1 ml. Quítese rápidamente la jaula colocada en la incubadora, coloque un animal en cada uno de los tubos de inmovilización y coloque la jaula en la incubadora. Registre el tiempo. Es esencial mantener la jaula en el mismo lugar en la incubadora cada vez. Después de 90 minutos, sacar la jaula de la incubadora. Liberar los animales de los tubos de inmovilización y colocarlos en la jaula a temperatura normal con un fácil acceso a comida y agua. Colocar los tubos vacíos de inmovilización de nuevo en la incubadora. Después de 15 min, el segundo ciclo de la hipertermia se inicia mediante la entrega de 0.5 ml de solución salina por vía intraperitoneal a cada ratón. Luego se inmoviliza en tubos de 50 ml de inmovilización perforadas y colocadas en la incubadora. 5. Los ciclos posteriores hipertermia Por primera 4 ciclos, es esencial para inmovilizar los ratones durante la exposición, la hipertermia y para los dos primeros ciclos, inyección de solución salina se administra antes de comenzar el período de hipertermia. Después de estos ciclos de hipertermia seguido de un descanso se completan, los ratones conseguir aclimatarse y no vuelven hiperactivos durante la exposición hipertermia. La inyección intraperitoneal de solución salina puede no ser necesario si los ratones fácilmente tomar alimentos y agua durante el tiempo de reposo. 6. Después de todos los ciclos completados, el último paso consiste en examinar a los animales No debería haber ninguna muerte durante los ciclos de hipertermia. Cada animal tiene que ser vigilado muy cuidadosamente en el primercuantos ciclos. Rápidamente buscar cualquier humectante alrededor del hocico. Este síntoma es una firma de deshidratación. Los ratones con síntomas tales inmediatamente se debe dar 0,5 ml de solución salina normal ip y el resto a temperatura ambiente. La mayoría de los ratones inmovilizados no se requiere ninguna atención adicional y con éxito soportar los esfuerzos de la hipertermia. Después de completar los ciclos requeridos, los animales pueden parecer débil y deshidratado, pero rápidamente se recuperan en pocas horas. <img src="/files/ftp_upload/3801/3801fig1.jpg" alt="Figura 1" /> Figura 1. Variación de la temperatura corporal de los ratones cuando la jaula se colocó en una incubadora a 39,5 ° C. Después de 90 min la jaula se retiró de la incubadora y se colocaron a 25 º C. Los círculos rojos indican los picos de alta temperatura. <img src="/files/ftp_upload/3801/3801fig2.jpg" alt="Figura 2" /> Figura 2. Variación de la temperatu cuerpo de núcleore de una Ratones inmovilizados durante los ciclos de hipertermia. Después de inmovilizar el animal, los picos de las altas temperaturas no se observa cuando la jaula se colocó a 39,5 ° C.

<ol>
	<li>Braude, A. I., Beck, J., Zalesky, M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Febrile+response+to+bacterial+pyrogens+in+leukemia.">Febrile response to bacterial pyrogens in leukemia.</a> Blood. 16, 1279 (1960).</li><li>Dovern, E. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Hyperthermic+intraperitoneal+chemotherapy+added+to+the+treatment+of+ovarian+cancer.+A+review+of+achieved+results+and+complications.">Hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy added to the treatment of ovarian cancer. A review of achieved results and complications.</a> Eur. J. Gynaecol. Oncol. 31, 256 (2010).</li><li>Gaworek, J., Mayer, C. 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Cancer Res. 9, 2079 ( ).</li><li>Jia, D. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Inhibition+of+B16+murine+melanoma+metastasis+and+enhancement+of+immunity+by+fever-range+whole+body+hyperthermia.">Inhibition of B16 murine melanoma metastasis and enhancement of immunity by fever-range whole body hyperthermia.</a> Int. J. Hyperthermia. 27, 275 (2011).</li><li>Maluta, S., Dall'oglio, S., Nadalini, L. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Treatment+for+intermediate+and+high-risk+prostate+cancer:+controversial+issues+and+the+role+of+hyperthermia.">Treatment for intermediate and high-risk prostate cancer: controversial issues and the role of hyperthermia.</a> Int. J. Hyperthermia. 26, 765 (2010).</li><li>Moyer, H. R., Delman, K. A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+role+of+hyperthermia+in+optimizing+tumor+response+to+regional+therapy.">The role of hyperthermia in optimizing tumor response to regional therapy.</a> Int. J. Hyperthermia. 24, 251 (2008).</li><li>Muthana, M., Multhoff, G., Pockley, A. G. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Tumour+infiltrating+host+cells+and+their+significance+for+hyperthermia.">Tumour infiltrating host cells and their significance for hyperthermia.</a> Int. J. Hyperthermia. 26, 247 (2010).</li><li>Ostberg, J. R., Repasky, E. A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Comparison+of+the+effects+of+two+different+whole+body+hyperthermia+protocols+on+the+distribution+of+murine+leukocyte+populations.">Comparison of the effects of two different whole body hyperthermia protocols on the distribution of murine leukocyte populations.</a> Int. J. Hyperthermia. 16, 29 (2000).</li><li>Pritchard, M. T. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Protocols+for+simulating+the+thermal+component+of+fever:+preclinical+and+clinical+experience.">Protocols for simulating the thermal component of fever: preclinical and clinical experience.</a> Methods. 32, 54 (2004).</li><li>Repasky, E. A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Characterization+of+mild+whole-body+hyperthermia+protocols+using+human+breast,+ovarian,+and+colon+tumors+grown+in+severe+combined+immunodeficient+mice.">Characterization of mild whole-body hyperthermia protocols using human breast, ovarian, and colon tumors grown in severe combined immunodeficient mice.</a> Infect. Dis. Obstet. Gynecol. 7, 19 (1999).</li><li>Willnow, U. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Treatment+of+otherwise+incurable+tumor+diseases+in+childhood+using+whole-body+hyperthermia+and+chemotherapy.">Treatment of otherwise incurable tumor diseases in childhood using whole-body hyperthermia and chemotherapy.</a> Dtsch. Med. Wochenschr. 114, 208 (1989).</li></ol>

No tenemos nada que revelar.

<html> Ya en el 5.000 aC, los médicos egipcios tumores tratados con calor. Los griegos reconocido el valor de calor en algunos tratamientos médicos. Los textos más antiguos de la Ley de Moisés mención de aguas termales (Génesis 36:24) para elevar la temperatura del cuerpo terapéuticamente. Las técnicas anteriores emplean ya sea el uso de extractos microbianos pirogénicas para la inducción de fiebre o baños de agua caliente para la inducción de hipertermia 1. Sin embargo...

<table border="1"><tr><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td> Termistor </td><td> Amidata </td><td> 528-8558 </td><td></td></tr><tr><td> CO 2 incubadora </td><td> Heraeus </td><td> B5060 EK-CO2 </td><td></td></tr><tr><td> Ratones jaulas </td><td> Citizen INDUSTRIES LTD. </td><td></td><td> Tipo B 365X207X190 cm </td></tr><tr><td> Alimentos para animales </td><td> Provimi India </td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td> Botella de agua para jaula </td><td> Proveedor local </td><td></td><td> Botella de cristal </td></tr><tr><td> Soldador </td><td> Solderon, India </td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td> 50 ml tubos de centrífuga </td><td> BD Biosciences </td><td> 352070 </td><td></td></tr><tr><td> Timer </td><td> Proveedor local </td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td> 1 ml jeringa con aguja 26G </td><td> BD Biosciences </td><td> 309602 </td><td></td></tr><tr><td> Salina </td><td> Proveedor local </td><td></td><td></td></tr></table>

protocol for long duration whole body hyperthermia in mice

La hipertermia es un término general utilizado para definir el aumento de la temperatura corporal por encima de lo normal. A menudo se utiliza para describir el aumento de la temperatura corporal central que se observa durante la fiebre. El uso de la hipertermia como un adyuvante se ha convertido en un procedimiento prometedor para la regresión del tumor en el campo de la biología del cáncer. Para este propósito, el requisito más importante es tener protocolos de calentamiento seguro y uniforme. Hemos desarrollado un protocolo para la hipertermia (cuerpo entero) en ratones. En este protocolo, los animales son expuestos a ciclos de hipertermia durante 90 minutos seguido de un período de descanso de 15 min. Durante este periodo los ratones tienen fácil acceso a comida y agua. Altos picos de temperatura corporal en los ratones durante la primera exposición de algunos ciclos de hipertermia se impide mediante la inmovilización del animal. Además, solución salina normal se administra en ciclos primero para reducir al mínimo los efectos de la deshidratación. Este protocolo se puede simular condiciones similares a la fiebre en los ratones hasta 12-24 horas. Tenemosutilizado 8-12 semanas de edad BALB / cJ ratones hembra para demostrar el protocolo.

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Protocol for Long Duration Whole Body Hyperthermia in Mice at JoVE.com

Protocol for Long Duration Whole Body Hyperthermia in Mice

En este trabajo se describe un protocolo para la hipertermia de todo el cuerpo en ratones que pueden estimular la fiebre como condiciones hasta 12-24 horas.

Protocolo para la hipertermia corporal Larga Duración Total en ratones

Hyperthermia is a general term used to define the increase in core body temperature above normal. It is often used to describe the increased core body ...

protocol-for-long-duration-whole-body-hyperthermia-in-mice

Research

JoVE Journal

Medicine

11.5K vistas.  National Institute of Immunology. En este trabajo se describe un protocolo para la hipertermia de todo el cuerpo en ratones que pueden estimular la fiebre como condiciones hasta 12-24 horas.

Video: Protocol for Long Duration Whole Body Hyperthermia in Mice

Protocols for Assessing Radiofrequency Interactions with Gold Nanoparticles and Biological Systems for Non-invasive Hyperthermia Cancer Therapy

Cancer therapies which are less toxic and invasive than their existing counterparts are highly desirable. The use of RF electric-fields that penetrate deep into the body, causing minimal toxicity, are currently being studied as a viable means of non-invasive cancer therapy. It is envisioned that the interactions of RF energy with internalized nanoparticles (NPs) can liberate heat which can then cause overheating (hyperthermia) of the cell, ultimately ending in cell necrosis.
In the case of non-biological systems, we present detailed protocols relating to quantifying the heat liberated by highly-concentrated NP colloids. For biological systems, in the case of in vitro experiments, we describe the techniques and conditions which must be adhered to in order to effectively expose cancer cells to RF energy without bulk media heating artifacts significantly obscuring the data. Finally, we give a detailed methodology for in vivo mouse models with ectopic hepatic cancer tumors.

We describe the protocols used to investigate the interactions of 13.56 MHz radiofrequency (RF) electric-fields with gold nanoparticle colloids in both non-biological and biological systems (in vitro/vivo). These interactions are being investigated for applications in cancer therapy.

Protocolos para la Evaluación de radiofrecuencia Interacciones con nanopartículas de oro y Sistemas Biológicos para la terapia del cáncer de hipertermia no invasiva

Cancer therapies  which are less toxic and invasive than their existing counterparts are highly  desirable. The use of RF electric-fields that penetrate ...

Investigación

Medicina

Parabiosis in Mice: A Detailed Protocol

Parabiosis is a surgical union of two organisms allowing sharing of the blood circulation. Attaching the skin of two animals promotes formation of microvasculature at the site of inflammation. Parabiotic partners share their circulating antigens and thus are free of adverse immune reaction. First described by Paul Bert in 18641, the parabiosis surgery was refined by Bunster and Meyer in 1933 to improve animal survival2. In the current protocol, two mice are surgically joined following a modification of the Bunster and Meyer technique. Animals are connected through the elbow and knee joints followed by attachment of the skin allowing firm support that prevents strain on the sutured skin. Herein, we describe in detail the parabiotic joining of a ubiquitous GFP expressing mouse to a wild type (WT) mouse. Two weeks after the procedure, the pair is separated and GFP positive cells can be detected by flow cytometric analysis in the blood circulation of the WT mouse. The blood chimerism allows one to examine the contribution of the circulating cells from one animal in the other.

Parabiotic joining of two organisms leads to the development of a shared circulatory system. In this protocol, we describe the surgical steps to form a parabiotic connection between a wild-type mouse and a constitutive GFP-expressing mouse.

Parabiosis en ratones: un protocolo detallado

Parabiosis is a surgical union of two organisms allowing sharing of the blood circulation. Attaching the skin of two animals promotes formation of ...

Carotid Artery Infusions for Pharmacokinetic and Pharmacodynamic Analysis of Taxanes in Mice

When proposing the use of a drug, drug combination, or drug delivery into a novel system, one must assess the pharmacokinetics of the drug in the study model. As the use of mouse models are often a vital step in preclinical drug discovery and drug development1-8, it is necessary to design a system to introduce drugs into mice in a uniform, reproducible manner. Ideally, the system should permit the collection of blood samples at regular intervals over a set time course. The ability to measure drug concentrations by mass-spectrometry, has allowed investigators to follow the changes in plasma drug levels over time in individual mice1, 9, 10. In this study, paclitaxel was introduced into transgenic mice as a continuous arterial infusion over three hours, while blood samples were simultaneously taken by retro-orbital bleeds at set time points. Carotid artery infusions are a potential alternative to jugular vein infusions, when factors such as mammary tumors or other obstructions make jugular infusions impractical. Using this technique, paclitaxel concentrations in plasma and tissue achieved similar levels as compared to jugular infusion. In this tutorial, we will demonstrate how to successfully catheterize the carotid artery by preparing an optimized catheter for the individual mouse model, then show how to insert and secure the catheter into the mouse carotid artery, thread the end of the catheter out through the back of the mouse&#8217;s neck, and hook the mouse to a pump to deliver a controlled rate of drug influx. Multiple low volume retro-orbital bleeds allow for analysis of plasma drug concentrations over time.

This method was developed with the goal of delivering a steady drug solution via the carotid artery, to assess the pharmacokinetics of novel drugs in mouse models.

Infusiones de la arteria carótida para farmacocinéticas y farmacodinámicas Análisis de taxanos en ratones

When proposing the use of a drug, drug combination, or drug delivery into a novel system, one must assess the pharmacokinetics of the drug in the study ...

Long-term Blood Pressure Measurement in Freely Moving Mice Using Telemetry

During the development of new vasoactive agents, arterial blood pressure monitoring is crucial for evaluating the efficacy of the new proposed drugs. Indeed, research focusing on the discovery of new potential therapeutic targets using genetically altered mice requires a reliable, long-term assessment of the systemic arterial pressure variation. Currently, the gold standard for obtaining long-term measurements of blood pressure in ambulatory mice uses implantable radio-transmitters, which require&#160;artery cannulation. This technique eliminates the need for tethering, restraining, or anesthetizing the animals which introduce stress and artifacts during data sampling. However, arterial blood pressure monitoring in mice via catheterization can be rather challenging due to the small size of the arteries. Here we present a step-by-step guide to illustrate the crucial key passages for a successful subcutaneous implantation of radio-transmitters and carotid artery cannulation in mice. We also include examples of long-term blood pressure activity taken from freely moving mice after a period of post-surgery recovery. Following this procedure will allow reliable direct blood pressure recordings from multiple animals simultaneously.

The goal of this protocol is to assess systemic blood pressure in conscious freely moving mice using implantable radio-telemetry devices.

A largo plazo de medida de la presión arterial en ratones con libertad de movimientos mediante telemetría

During the development of new vasoactive agents, arterial blood pressure monitoring is crucial for evaluating the efficacy of the new proposed drugs. ...

Body Composition and Metabolic Caging Analysis in High Fat Fed Mice

Alterations to body composition (fat or lean mass), metabolic parameters such as whole-body oxygen consumption, energy expenditure, and substrate utilization, and behaviors such as food intake and physical activity can provide important information regarding the underlying mechanisms of disease. Given the importance of body composition and metabolism to the development of obesity and its subsequent sequelae, it is necessary to make accurate measures of these parameters in the pre-clinical research setting. Advances in technology over the past few decades have made it possible to derive these measures in rodent models in a non-invasive and longitudinal fashion. Consequently, these metabolic measures have proven useful when assessing the response of genetic manipulations (for example knockout or transgenic mice, viral knock-down or overexpression of genes), experimental drug/compound screening and dietary, behavioral or physical activity interventions. Herein, we describe the protocols used to measure body composition and metabolic parameters using an animal monitoring system in chow-fed and high fat diet-fed mice.

This protocol describes the use of a body composition analyzer and metabolic animal monitoring system to characterize body composition and metabolic parameters in mice. An obesity model induced by high-fat feeding is used as an example for the application of these techniques.

Composición corporal y análisis jaulas metabólico en ratones de reserva grasa alta

Alterations to body composition (fat or lean mass), metabolic parameters such as whole-body oxygen consumption, energy expenditure, and substrate ...

Protocol to Create Chronic Wounds in Diabetic Mice

Chronic wounds develop as a result of defective regulation in one or more complex cellular and molecular processes involved in proper healing. They impact ~6.5M people and cost ~$40B/year in the US alone. Although a significant effort has been invested in understanding how chronic wounds develop in humans, fundamental questions remain unanswered. Recently, we developed a novel mouse model for diabetic chronic wounds that have many characteristics of human chronic wounds. Using db/db-/- mice, we can generate chronic wounds by inducing high levels of oxidative stress (OS) in the wound tissue immediately after wounding, using a one-time treatment with inhibitors specific to the antioxidant enzymes catalase and glutathione peroxidase. These wounds have high levels of OS, develop biofilm naturally, become fully chronic within 20 days after treatment and can remain open more for more than 60 days. This novel model has many features of diabetic chronic wounds in humans and therefore can contribute significantly to advancing fundamental understanding of how wounds become chronic. This is a major breakthrough because chronic wounds in humans cause significant pain and distress to patients and result in amputation if unresolved. Moreover, these wounds are very expensive and time-consuming to treat, and lead to significant loss of personal income to patients. Advancements in this field of study through the use of our chronic wound model can significantly improve health care for millions who suffer under this debilitating condition. In this protocol, we describe in great detail the procedure to cause acute wounds to become chronic, which has not been done before.

Chronic wounds are developed from acute wounds on a diabetic mouse model by inducing high levels of oxidative stress after a full-thickness cutaneous wound. The wound is treated with inhibitors for catalase and glutathione peroxidase, resulting in impaired healing and biofilm development by bacteria present in the skin microbiome.

Protocolo para crear heridas crónicas en ratones diabéticos

Chronic wounds develop as a result of defective regulation in one or more complex cellular and molecular processes involved in proper healing. They impact ...

Handheld Metal Detector Screening for Metallic Foreign Body Ingestion in Children

Coins are the most common ingested metallic foreign bodies among children. The goal of this protocol is to assess the accuracy and feasibility of using a handheld metal detector to detect ingested metallic foreign bodies in children. We propose that by introducing handheld metal detector screening early in the triage process of children with high suspicion of metallic foreign body ingestion, the number of radiographs being ordered to localize the metallic foreign body can be reduced in this radio-sensitive population. The study protocol requires the screening of the participants for history of foreign body ingestion and exclusion of patients with respiratory distress or metallic implants. The patient changes to hospital gown and items that could contain metal like eyeglasses, earrings, pendants, and ornaments are removed. The patient is positioned in the center of the room away from other metallic interferences. The working status of the handheld metal detector is first confirmed by eliciting a positive audio-visual signal. Then the screening is done in an erect position with head in extension to expose the neck, from the level of the chin to the level of the hip joint, to cover the anatomical areas from neck to pelvis in a zig-zag manner both anteriorly and posteriorly. A positive audio-visual signal is carefully noted during the scanning for the presence of metallic foreign body. Relevant radiographs are ordered as per the area detected on the metal detector screening. The handheld metal detector was able to precisely identify all the coins among the ingested metallic foreign bodies in our study. The handheld metal detector could not consistently detect non-coin metallic foreign bodies. This protocol demonstrates the accuracy of handheld metal detector in the identification and localization of coins and coin like metallic foreign bodies.

Here, we present a protocol to use the handheld metal detector, to screen for the presence of ingested metallic foreign bodies in children who present to the pediatric emergency medicine department with a history of foreign body ingestion.

Detector de metales portátil detección de ingestión de cuerpo extraño metálico en niños

Coins are the most common ingested metallic foreign bodies among children. The goal of this protocol is to assess the accuracy and feasibility of using a ...

Whole Body and Regional Quantification of Active Human Brown Adipose Tissue Using 18F-FDG PET/CT

In endothermic animals, brown adipose tissue (BAT) is activated to produce heat for defending body temperature in response to cold. BAT&#39;s ability to expend energy has made it a potential target for novel therapies to ameliorate obesity and associated metabolic disorders in humans. Though this tissue has been well studied in small animals, BAT&#39;s thermogenic capacity in humans remains largely unknown due to the difficulties of measuring its volume, activity, and distribution. Identifying and quantifying active human BAT is commonly performed using 18F-Fluorodeoxyglucose (18F-FDG) positron emission tomography and computed tomography (PET/CT) scans following cold-exposure or pharmacological activation. Here we describe a detailed image-analysis approach to quantify total-body human BAT from 18F-FDG PET/CT scans using an open-source software. We demonstrate the drawing of user-specified regions of interest to identify metabolically active adipose tissue while avoiding common non-BAT tissues, to measure BAT volume and activity, and to further characterize its anatomical distribution. Although this rigorous approach is time-consuming, we believe it will ultimately provide a foundation to develop future automated BAT quantification algorithms.

Whole Body and Regional Quantification of Active Human Brown Adipose Tissue Using 18F-FDG PET/CT

Using free, open-source software, we have developed an analytical approach to quantify total and regional brown adipose tissue (BAT) volume and metabolic activity of BAT using 18F-FDG PET/CT.

Cuerpo entero y cuantificación Regional de activo humano marrón tejido adiposo utilizando 18F-FDG PET/CT

In endothermic animals, brown adipose tissue (BAT) is activated to produce heat for defending body temperature in response to cold. BAT&#39;s ability to ...

A Whole Body Dosimetry Protocol for Peptide-Receptor Radionuclide Therapy (PRRT): 2D Planar Image and Hybrid 2D+3D SPECT/CT Image Methods

Peptide-receptor-radionuclide-therapy (PPRT) is a targeted therapy that combines a short-range energy radionuclide with a substrate with high specificity for cancer cell receptors. After injection, the radiotracer is distributed throughout the entire body, with a higher uptake in tissues where targeted receptors are overexpressed. The use of beta/gamma radionuclide emitters enables therapy imaging (beta-emission) and post-therapy imaging (gamma-emission) to be performed at the same time. Post-treatment sequential images permit absorbed dose calculation based on local uptake and wash-in/wash-out kinetics. We implemented a hybrid method that combines information derived from both 2D and 3D images. Serial whole-body images and blood samples are acquired to estimate the absorbed dose to different organs at risk and to lesions disseminated throughout the body. A single 3D-SPECT/CT image, limited to the abdominal region, overcomes projection overlap on planar images of different structures such as the intestines and kidneys. The hybrid 2D+3D-SPECT/CT method combines the effective half-life information derived from 2D planar images with the local uptake distribution derived from 3D images. We implemented this methodology to estimate the absorbed dose for patients undergoing PRRT with 177Lu-PSMA-617. The methodology could, however, be implemented with other beta-gamma radiotracers. To date, 10 patients have been enrolled into the dosimetry study with 177Lu-PSMA-617 combined with drug protectors for kidneys and salivary glands (mannitol and glutamate tablets, respectively). The median ratio between kidney uptake at 24 h evaluated on planar images and 3D-SPECT/CT is 0.45 (range:0.32-1.23). The comparison between hybrid and full 3D approach has been tested on one patient, resulting in a 1.6% underestimation with respect to full 3D (2D: 0.829 mGy/MBq, hybrid: 0.315 mGy/MBq, 3D: 0.320 mGy/MBq). Treatment safety has been confirmed, with a mean absorbed dose of 0.73 mGy/MBq (range:0.26-1.07) for kidneys, 0.56 mGy/MBq (0.33-2.63) for the parotid glands and 0.63 mGy/MBq (0.23-1.20) for submandibular glands, values in accordance with previously published data.

A Whole Body Dosimetry Protocol for Peptide-Receptor Radionuclide Therapy PRRT: 2D Planar Image and Hybrid 2D+3D SPECT/CT Image Methods

This method estimates the absorbed dose of different structures for peptide-receptor-radionuclide-therapy (PRRT) with the possibility of avoiding organ overlap on 2D-projections. Serial whole-body planar images permit estimation of mean absorbed doses along the whole body, while the hybrid approach, combining planar images and 3D-SPECT/CT image, overcomes the limitations of structure overlapping.

Un protocolo de dosimetría de todo el cuerpo para la terapia de radionúclidos de receptores de péptidos (PRRT): Imagen plana 2D y Métodos híbridos de imagen 2D+3D SPECT/CT

Peptide-receptor-radionuclide-therapy (PPRT) is a targeted therapy that combines a short-range energy radionuclide with a substrate with high specificity ...

Assessing Whole-Body Lipid-Handling Capacity in Mice

Assessing lipid metabolism is a cornerstone of evaluating metabolic function, and it is considered essential for in vivo metabolism studies. Lipids are a class of many different molecules with many pathways involved in their synthesis and metabolism. A starting point for evaluating lipid hemostasis for nutrition and obesity research is needed. This paper describes three easy and accessible methods that require little expertise or practice to master, and that can be adapted by most labs to screen for lipid-metabolism abnormalities in mice. These methods are (1) measuring several fasting serum lipid molecules using commercial kits (2) assaying for dietary lipid-handling capability through an oral intralipid tolerance test, and (3) evaluating the response to a pharmaceutical compound, CL 316,243, in mice. Together, these methods will provide a high-level overview of lipid handling capability in mice.

This paper provides three easy and accessible assays for assessing lipid metabolism in mice.

Evaluación de la capacidad de manejo de lípidos de todo el cuerpo en ratones

Assessing lipid metabolism is a cornerstone of evaluating metabolic function, and it is considered essential for in vivo metabolism studies. Lipids are a ...