1. Animal Ethics Prima di eseguire l&#39;ipertermia lunga durata sui topi fare in modo che la procedura sia stata approvata dalla cura degli animali e del Comitato Istituzionale uso. Tutte le procedure descritte in questo documento e mostrato nel video allegato è stato approvato dal Comitato Etico Istituzionale Animale dell&#39;Istituto Nazionale di Immunologia. 2. Comprendere Ipertermia L&#39;ipertermia Whole Body (WBH) viene fornito mettendo gli animali in gabbia preriscaldata che vengono inseriti nella incubatore mantenuto a 39,5 ° C. Durante la standardizzazione del protocollo, un sensore di temperatura è stato impiantato chirurgicamente nei topi e la loro temperatura corporea è stata monitorata in diverse condizioni sperimentali. È stato osservato che contestualmente all&#39;invio degli animali in ambiente riscaldato, la temperatura gradualmente aumentata da 37 ° C fino a 42 ° C per la durata di 100 min (Figura 1). The conseguente &quot;spike&quot; in temperatura è interessante in quanto la temperatura corporea interna girato addirittura superiore alla temperatura dell&#39;ambiente esterno. Quando la temperatura corporea supera i 40 ° C, l&#39;animale mostra segni di stress e disidratazione come bagnare intorno al muso. Aumentare la temperatura corporea di 40 ° C, porterà alla bagnatura e stress irreversibili o addirittura la morte degli animali a causa di stress da calore. Quindi è importante prevenire i picchi di temperatura durante il corso di ipertermia. Questo fenomeno di picchi di alta temperatura è associato con l&#39;iperattività fisica di animali durante l&#39;esposizione ipertermia. Picchi di temperatura simili sono stati osservati anche da altri gruppi e sono stati associati con l&#39;iperattività fisica dell&#39;animale dopo essere stato introdotto ambiente con temperature superiori 10. Nel nostro protocollo, i topi sono immobilizzati durante l&#39;esposizione ipertermia. Comeillustrato nella figura 2, immobilizzazione animale evita i picchi di temperatura. Abbiamo usato 8-12 settimane vecchi BALB / Cj topi per dimostrare questo protocollo. Il protocollo non è limitata ad un particolare tipo / ceppo dei topi. 3. Preparazione per l&#39;esperimento 3,1 Incubatore Questo esperimento può essere eseguita in un normale CO 2 incubatore in quanto hanno un buon controllo della temperatura. Scollegare CO 2 gas e rimuovere il vassoio di ritenzione idrica del CO 2 incubatore. In alcuni modelli di incubatori è possibile spegnere il CO 2 controller. Disporre ripiani dell&#39;incubatore in modo che una gabbia topi potrebbe essere convenientemente posizionati all&#39;interno. Impostare la temperatura del termostato a 39,5 ° C. 3,2 Gabbie Tipicamente, l&#39;esperimento ipertermia viene eseguita su topi 4 alla volta. Due gabbie sono necessarie; sule viene collocato all&#39;interno dell&#39;incubatrice e l&#39;altro è posto fuori a temperatura ambiente. Biancheria di gabbie è evitato, come le macchie di biancheria si bagnano con il tempo che si traduce in non uniforme della temperatura all&#39;interno della gabbia. La gabbia esterna dovrebbe avere pellet alimentari e bottiglia d&#39;acqua. 3,3 Mouse immobilizzazione tubi Nel corso del primi 4 cicli di ipertermia topi sono immobilizzati in tubi forati. Questi tubi di immobilizzazione può essere fatto da 50 provette &#39;centrifuga&#39; ml di perforazione 3 mm fori su tutto il corpo e quattro di tali tubi sarà richiesto. Il tubo 50ml può comodamente immobilizzare BALB / Cj topi di età superiore a 8 settimane. Tubi di dimensioni adeguate può essere richiesto per un po &#39;di sforzo insolitamente diversi di topi o per i topi che sono molto giovani o di età superiore a 50 settimane. Tubi immobilizzazione posto e una gabbia all&#39;interno della incubatore mantenuto a 39,5 ° C. Attendere almeno due ore in modo che la gabbia e hotubi mmobilization raggiungere la temperatura dell&#39;incubatore. 4. Primo ciclo di ipertermia I topi possono andare incontro a disidratazione durante l&#39;esposizione ipertermia. Quindi prima di iniziare l&#39;esperimento, amministrare 0,5 ml soluzione fisiologica per via intraperitoneale ad ogni mouse. Utilizzare un ago 26 G con siringa da 1 ml. Rapidamente smontare la gabbia posta in incubatrice, posto un animale in ogni tubi immobilizzazione e posizionare la gabbia in incubatrice. Registrare il tempo. E &#39;essenziale per mantenere la gabbia nello stesso luogo in incubatrice ogni volta. Dopo 90 minuti, togliere la gabbia dal termostato. Rilasciare gli animali dai tubi di immobilizzazione e metterli in gabbia a temperatura normale, con facile accesso al cibo e all&#39;acqua. Inserire le provette immobilizzazione vuoti di nuovo in incubatrice. Dopo 15 min, il secondo ciclo di ipertermia viene avviato fornendo 0.5 ml di soluzione fisiologica per via intraperitoneale ad ogni topo. Essi vengono poi immobilizzate in provette da 50 ml immobilizzazione forati e posto nell&#39;incubatrice. 5. Cicli Ipertermia successivi Per primi 4 cicli, è essenziale immobilizzare topi durante l&#39;esposizione ipertermia e per i primi due cicli, iniezione di soluzione salina è data prima dell&#39;inizio del periodo di ipertermia. Dopo questi cicli di ipertermia seguiti da altri sono stati completati, i topi ottenere acclimatarsi e non diventare iperattivi durante l&#39;esposizione ipertermia. L&#39;iniezione intraperitoneale di soluzione salina può non essere necessario se i topi facilmente portare cibo e acqua durante il tempo di riposo. 6. Dopo aver completato tutti i cicli, il passo finale è quello di esaminare gli Animali Non ci dovrebbe essere alcuna morte durante i cicli di ipertermia. Ogni animale deve essere attentamente osservato il primopochi cicli. Rapidamente cercare qualsiasi bagnante intorno al muso. Questo sintomo è una firma di disidratazione. I topi con questi sintomi deve essere immediatamente data ip 0,5 ml soluzione fisiologica e di riposo a temperatura ambiente. La maggior parte dei topi immobilizzati non richiedono alcuna cura supplementare, e con successo sopportare lo stress della ipertermia. Dopo aver completato i cicli richiesti, gli animali possono apparire debole e disidratato, ma saranno presto recuperare entro poche ore. <img src="/files/ftp_upload/3801/3801fig1.jpg" alt="Figura 1" /> Figura 1. Variazione della temperatura corporea dei topi quando la gabbia è stata posta in un incubatore a 39,5 ° C. Dopo 90 min la gabbia è stato rimosso dal termostato e posto a 25 ° C. Cerchi rossi indicano picchi di alta temperatura. <img src="/files/ftp_upload/3801/3801fig2.jpg" alt="Figura 2" /> Figura 2. Variazione della tempe corpo di mandrinore di un topi immobilizzati durante i cicli di ipertermia. Dopo immobilizzare l&#39;animale, alte temperature picchi non osservare quando la gabbia è stata posta a 39,5 ° C.

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	<li>Braude, A. I., Beck, J., Zalesky, M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Febrile+response+to+bacterial+pyrogens+in+leukemia.">Febrile response to bacterial pyrogens in leukemia.</a> Blood. 16, 1279 (1960).</li><li>Dovern, E. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Hyperthermic+intraperitoneal+chemotherapy+added+to+the+treatment+of+ovarian+cancer.+A+review+of+achieved+results+and+complications.">Hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy added to the treatment of ovarian cancer. A review of achieved results and complications.</a> Eur. J. Gynaecol. Oncol. 31, 256 (2010).</li><li>Gaworek, J., Mayer, C. 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<html> Già nel 5000 aC, i medici egiziani tumori trattati con il calore. I Greci riconosciuto il valore di calore in alcuni trattamenti medici. I testi più antichi della Legge di Mosè menzione sorgenti termali (Genesi 36:24), per elevare la temperatura corporea terapeuticamente. Le tecniche precedenti impiegato sia l&#39;uso di estratti microbici pirogene per l&#39;induzione della febbre o bagni di acqua calda per l&#39;induzione di ipertermia 1. Tuttavia nessuno di questi appro...

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protocol for long duration whole body hyperthermia in mice

Ipertermia è un termine generico usato per definire l&#39;aumento della temperatura corporea superiore al normale. E &#39;spesso usato per descrivere l&#39;aumento della temperatura corporea che si osserva durante la febbre. L&#39;uso di ipertermia come adiuvante è emerso come una procedura promettente per regressione del tumore nel campo della biologia del cancro. A questo scopo, il requisito più importante è avere protocolli riscaldamento affidabile e uniforme. Abbiamo sviluppato un protocollo per ipertermia (corpo) nei topi. In questo protocollo, gli animali sono esposti a cicli di ipertermia per 90 min seguito da un periodo di riposo di 15 min. Durante questo periodo i topi hanno facile accesso a cibo e acqua. Alti picchi di temperatura del corpo nei topi durante i cicli di ipertermia primi esposizione viene impedito immobilizzando l&#39;animale. Inoltre, soluzione salina viene somministrata prima pochi cicli per minimizzare gli effetti della disidratazione. Questo protocollo in grado di simulare condizioni di febbre come nei topi fino a 12-24 ore. Abbiamoutilizzato 8-12 settimane vecchi BALB / Cj topi femmina per dimostrare il protocollo.

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Protocol for Long Duration Whole Body Hyperthermia in Mice at JoVE.com

Protocol for Long Duration Whole Body Hyperthermia in Mice

Il presente documento descrive un protocollo per ipertermia tutto il corpo nei topi che possono stimolare la febbre come condizioni fino a 12-24 ore.

Protocollo per lungo Ipertermia Corpo intera durata in Mouse

Hyperthermia is a general term used to define the increase in core body temperature above normal. It is often used to describe the increased core body ...

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11.5K Views.  National Institute of Immunology. Il presente documento descrive un protocollo per ipertermia tutto il corpo nei topi che possono stimolare la febbre come condizioni fino a 12-24 ore.

Video: Protocol for Long Duration Whole Body Hyperthermia in Mice

Protocols for Assessing Radiofrequency Interactions with Gold Nanoparticles and Biological Systems for Non-invasive Hyperthermia Cancer Therapy

Cancer therapies which are less toxic and invasive than their existing counterparts are highly desirable. The use of RF electric-fields that penetrate deep into the body, causing minimal toxicity, are currently being studied as a viable means of non-invasive cancer therapy. It is envisioned that the interactions of RF energy with internalized nanoparticles (NPs) can liberate heat which can then cause overheating (hyperthermia) of the cell, ultimately ending in cell necrosis.
In the case of non-biological systems, we present detailed protocols relating to quantifying the heat liberated by highly-concentrated NP colloids. For biological systems, in the case of in vitro experiments, we describe the techniques and conditions which must be adhered to in order to effectively expose cancer cells to RF energy without bulk media heating artifacts significantly obscuring the data. Finally, we give a detailed methodology for in vivo mouse models with ectopic hepatic cancer tumors.

We describe the protocols used to investigate the interactions of 13.56 MHz radiofrequency (RF) electric-fields with gold nanoparticle colloids in both non-biological and biological systems (in vitro/vivo). These interactions are being investigated for applications in cancer therapy.

Protocolli per la valutazione radiofrequenza interazioni con nanoparticelle di oro e Sistemi Biologici per la non-invasiva Ipertermia Cancer Therapy

Cancer therapies  which are less toxic and invasive than their existing counterparts are highly  desirable. The use of RF electric-fields that penetrate ...

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Medicina

Parabiosis in Mice: A Detailed Protocol

Parabiosis is a surgical union of two organisms allowing sharing of the blood circulation. Attaching the skin of two animals promotes formation of microvasculature at the site of inflammation. Parabiotic partners share their circulating antigens and thus are free of adverse immune reaction. First described by Paul Bert in 18641, the parabiosis surgery was refined by Bunster and Meyer in 1933 to improve animal survival2. In the current protocol, two mice are surgically joined following a modification of the Bunster and Meyer technique. Animals are connected through the elbow and knee joints followed by attachment of the skin allowing firm support that prevents strain on the sutured skin. Herein, we describe in detail the parabiotic joining of a ubiquitous GFP expressing mouse to a wild type (WT) mouse. Two weeks after the procedure, the pair is separated and GFP positive cells can be detected by flow cytometric analysis in the blood circulation of the WT mouse. The blood chimerism allows one to examine the contribution of the circulating cells from one animal in the other.

Parabiotic joining of two organisms leads to the development of a shared circulatory system. In this protocol, we describe the surgical steps to form a parabiotic connection between a wild-type mouse and a constitutive GFP-expressing mouse.

Parabiosis in topi: un protocollo dettagliato

Parabiosis is a surgical union of two organisms allowing sharing of the blood circulation. Attaching the skin of two animals promotes formation of ...

Carotid Artery Infusions for Pharmacokinetic and Pharmacodynamic Analysis of Taxanes in Mice

When proposing the use of a drug, drug combination, or drug delivery into a novel system, one must assess the pharmacokinetics of the drug in the study model. As the use of mouse models are often a vital step in preclinical drug discovery and drug development1-8, it is necessary to design a system to introduce drugs into mice in a uniform, reproducible manner. Ideally, the system should permit the collection of blood samples at regular intervals over a set time course. The ability to measure drug concentrations by mass-spectrometry, has allowed investigators to follow the changes in plasma drug levels over time in individual mice1, 9, 10. In this study, paclitaxel was introduced into transgenic mice as a continuous arterial infusion over three hours, while blood samples were simultaneously taken by retro-orbital bleeds at set time points. Carotid artery infusions are a potential alternative to jugular vein infusions, when factors such as mammary tumors or other obstructions make jugular infusions impractical. Using this technique, paclitaxel concentrations in plasma and tissue achieved similar levels as compared to jugular infusion. In this tutorial, we will demonstrate how to successfully catheterize the carotid artery by preparing an optimized catheter for the individual mouse model, then show how to insert and secure the catheter into the mouse carotid artery, thread the end of the catheter out through the back of the mouse&#8217;s neck, and hook the mouse to a pump to deliver a controlled rate of drug influx. Multiple low volume retro-orbital bleeds allow for analysis of plasma drug concentrations over time.

This method was developed with the goal of delivering a steady drug solution via the carotid artery, to assess the pharmacokinetics of novel drugs in mouse models.

Infusi carotide di farmacocinetica e di farmacodinamica Analisi dei taxani nei topi

When proposing the use of a drug, drug combination, or drug delivery into a novel system, one must assess the pharmacokinetics of the drug in the study ...

Long-term Blood Pressure Measurement in Freely Moving Mice Using Telemetry

During the development of new vasoactive agents, arterial blood pressure monitoring is crucial for evaluating the efficacy of the new proposed drugs. Indeed, research focusing on the discovery of new potential therapeutic targets using genetically altered mice requires a reliable, long-term assessment of the systemic arterial pressure variation. Currently, the gold standard for obtaining long-term measurements of blood pressure in ambulatory mice uses implantable radio-transmitters, which require&#160;artery cannulation. This technique eliminates the need for tethering, restraining, or anesthetizing the animals which introduce stress and artifacts during data sampling. However, arterial blood pressure monitoring in mice via catheterization can be rather challenging due to the small size of the arteries. Here we present a step-by-step guide to illustrate the crucial key passages for a successful subcutaneous implantation of radio-transmitters and carotid artery cannulation in mice. We also include examples of long-term blood pressure activity taken from freely moving mice after a period of post-surgery recovery. Following this procedure will allow reliable direct blood pressure recordings from multiple animals simultaneously.

The goal of this protocol is to assess systemic blood pressure in conscious freely moving mice using implantable radio-telemetry devices.

Misurazione della pressione sanguigna a lungo termine in topi liberi di muoversi utilizzando la telemetria

During the development of new vasoactive agents, arterial blood pressure monitoring is crucial for evaluating the efficacy of the new proposed drugs. ...

Body Composition and Metabolic Caging Analysis in High Fat Fed Mice

Alterations to body composition (fat or lean mass), metabolic parameters such as whole-body oxygen consumption, energy expenditure, and substrate utilization, and behaviors such as food intake and physical activity can provide important information regarding the underlying mechanisms of disease. Given the importance of body composition and metabolism to the development of obesity and its subsequent sequelae, it is necessary to make accurate measures of these parameters in the pre-clinical research setting. Advances in technology over the past few decades have made it possible to derive these measures in rodent models in a non-invasive and longitudinal fashion. Consequently, these metabolic measures have proven useful when assessing the response of genetic manipulations (for example knockout or transgenic mice, viral knock-down or overexpression of genes), experimental drug/compound screening and dietary, behavioral or physical activity interventions. Herein, we describe the protocols used to measure body composition and metabolic parameters using an animal monitoring system in chow-fed and high fat diet-fed mice.

This protocol describes the use of a body composition analyzer and metabolic animal monitoring system to characterize body composition and metabolic parameters in mice. An obesity model induced by high-fat feeding is used as an example for the application of these techniques.

Analisi metabolica ingabbiamento in topi alta Fed grasso e della composizione corporea

Alterations to body composition (fat or lean mass), metabolic parameters such as whole-body oxygen consumption, energy expenditure, and substrate ...

Protocol to Create Chronic Wounds in Diabetic Mice

Chronic wounds develop as a result of defective regulation in one or more complex cellular and molecular processes involved in proper healing. They impact ~6.5M people and cost ~$40B/year in the US alone. Although a significant effort has been invested in understanding how chronic wounds develop in humans, fundamental questions remain unanswered. Recently, we developed a novel mouse model for diabetic chronic wounds that have many characteristics of human chronic wounds. Using db/db-/- mice, we can generate chronic wounds by inducing high levels of oxidative stress (OS) in the wound tissue immediately after wounding, using a one-time treatment with inhibitors specific to the antioxidant enzymes catalase and glutathione peroxidase. These wounds have high levels of OS, develop biofilm naturally, become fully chronic within 20 days after treatment and can remain open more for more than 60 days. This novel model has many features of diabetic chronic wounds in humans and therefore can contribute significantly to advancing fundamental understanding of how wounds become chronic. This is a major breakthrough because chronic wounds in humans cause significant pain and distress to patients and result in amputation if unresolved. Moreover, these wounds are very expensive and time-consuming to treat, and lead to significant loss of personal income to patients. Advancements in this field of study through the use of our chronic wound model can significantly improve health care for millions who suffer under this debilitating condition. In this protocol, we describe in great detail the procedure to cause acute wounds to become chronic, which has not been done before.

Chronic wounds are developed from acute wounds on a diabetic mouse model by inducing high levels of oxidative stress after a full-thickness cutaneous wound. The wound is treated with inhibitors for catalase and glutathione peroxidase, resulting in impaired healing and biofilm development by bacteria present in the skin microbiome.

Protocollo per creare ferite croniche nei topi diabetici

Chronic wounds develop as a result of defective regulation in one or more complex cellular and molecular processes involved in proper healing. They impact ...

Handheld Metal Detector Screening for Metallic Foreign Body Ingestion in Children

Coins are the most common ingested metallic foreign bodies among children. The goal of this protocol is to assess the accuracy and feasibility of using a handheld metal detector to detect ingested metallic foreign bodies in children. We propose that by introducing handheld metal detector screening early in the triage process of children with high suspicion of metallic foreign body ingestion, the number of radiographs being ordered to localize the metallic foreign body can be reduced in this radio-sensitive population. The study protocol requires the screening of the participants for history of foreign body ingestion and exclusion of patients with respiratory distress or metallic implants. The patient changes to hospital gown and items that could contain metal like eyeglasses, earrings, pendants, and ornaments are removed. The patient is positioned in the center of the room away from other metallic interferences. The working status of the handheld metal detector is first confirmed by eliciting a positive audio-visual signal. Then the screening is done in an erect position with head in extension to expose the neck, from the level of the chin to the level of the hip joint, to cover the anatomical areas from neck to pelvis in a zig-zag manner both anteriorly and posteriorly. A positive audio-visual signal is carefully noted during the scanning for the presence of metallic foreign body. Relevant radiographs are ordered as per the area detected on the metal detector screening. The handheld metal detector was able to precisely identify all the coins among the ingested metallic foreign bodies in our study. The handheld metal detector could not consistently detect non-coin metallic foreign bodies. This protocol demonstrates the accuracy of handheld metal detector in the identification and localization of coins and coin like metallic foreign bodies.

Here, we present a protocol to use the handheld metal detector, to screen for the presence of ingested metallic foreign bodies in children who present to the pediatric emergency medicine department with a history of foreign body ingestion.

Metal Detector palmare Screening per ingestione di corpo estraneo metallico nei bambini

Coins are the most common ingested metallic foreign bodies among children. The goal of this protocol is to assess the accuracy and feasibility of using a ...

Whole Body and Regional Quantification of Active Human Brown Adipose Tissue Using 18F-FDG PET/CT

In endothermic animals, brown adipose tissue (BAT) is activated to produce heat for defending body temperature in response to cold. BAT&#39;s ability to expend energy has made it a potential target for novel therapies to ameliorate obesity and associated metabolic disorders in humans. Though this tissue has been well studied in small animals, BAT&#39;s thermogenic capacity in humans remains largely unknown due to the difficulties of measuring its volume, activity, and distribution. Identifying and quantifying active human BAT is commonly performed using 18F-Fluorodeoxyglucose (18F-FDG) positron emission tomography and computed tomography (PET/CT) scans following cold-exposure or pharmacological activation. Here we describe a detailed image-analysis approach to quantify total-body human BAT from 18F-FDG PET/CT scans using an open-source software. We demonstrate the drawing of user-specified regions of interest to identify metabolically active adipose tissue while avoiding common non-BAT tissues, to measure BAT volume and activity, and to further characterize its anatomical distribution. Although this rigorous approach is time-consuming, we believe it will ultimately provide a foundation to develop future automated BAT quantification algorithms.

Whole Body and Regional Quantification of Active Human Brown Adipose Tissue Using 18F-FDG PET/CT

Using free, open-source software, we have developed an analytical approach to quantify total and regional brown adipose tissue (BAT) volume and metabolic activity of BAT using 18F-FDG PET/CT.

Tutto il corpo e quantificazione regionale dell'essere umano attivo marrone tessuto adiposo con 18F-FDG PET/CT

In endothermic animals, brown adipose tissue (BAT) is activated to produce heat for defending body temperature in response to cold. BAT&#39;s ability to ...

A Whole Body Dosimetry Protocol for Peptide-Receptor Radionuclide Therapy (PRRT): 2D Planar Image and Hybrid 2D+3D SPECT/CT Image Methods

Peptide-receptor-radionuclide-therapy (PPRT) is a targeted therapy that combines a short-range energy radionuclide with a substrate with high specificity for cancer cell receptors. After injection, the radiotracer is distributed throughout the entire body, with a higher uptake in tissues where targeted receptors are overexpressed. The use of beta/gamma radionuclide emitters enables therapy imaging (beta-emission) and post-therapy imaging (gamma-emission) to be performed at the same time. Post-treatment sequential images permit absorbed dose calculation based on local uptake and wash-in/wash-out kinetics. We implemented a hybrid method that combines information derived from both 2D and 3D images. Serial whole-body images and blood samples are acquired to estimate the absorbed dose to different organs at risk and to lesions disseminated throughout the body. A single 3D-SPECT/CT image, limited to the abdominal region, overcomes projection overlap on planar images of different structures such as the intestines and kidneys. The hybrid 2D+3D-SPECT/CT method combines the effective half-life information derived from 2D planar images with the local uptake distribution derived from 3D images. We implemented this methodology to estimate the absorbed dose for patients undergoing PRRT with 177Lu-PSMA-617. The methodology could, however, be implemented with other beta-gamma radiotracers. To date, 10 patients have been enrolled into the dosimetry study with 177Lu-PSMA-617 combined with drug protectors for kidneys and salivary glands (mannitol and glutamate tablets, respectively). The median ratio between kidney uptake at 24 h evaluated on planar images and 3D-SPECT/CT is 0.45 (range:0.32-1.23). The comparison between hybrid and full 3D approach has been tested on one patient, resulting in a 1.6% underestimation with respect to full 3D (2D: 0.829 mGy/MBq, hybrid: 0.315 mGy/MBq, 3D: 0.320 mGy/MBq). Treatment safety has been confirmed, with a mean absorbed dose of 0.73 mGy/MBq (range:0.26-1.07) for kidneys, 0.56 mGy/MBq (0.33-2.63) for the parotid glands and 0.63 mGy/MBq (0.23-1.20) for submandibular glands, values in accordance with previously published data.

A Whole Body Dosimetry Protocol for Peptide-Receptor Radionuclide Therapy PRRT: 2D Planar Image and Hybrid 2D+3D SPECT/CT Image Methods

This method estimates the absorbed dose of different structures for peptide-receptor-radionuclide-therapy (PRRT) with the possibility of avoiding organ overlap on 2D-projections. Serial whole-body planar images permit estimation of mean absorbed doses along the whole body, while the hybrid approach, combining planar images and 3D-SPECT/CT image, overcomes the limitations of structure overlapping.

Un protocollo di dosimetria dell'intero corpo per la terapia radionuclide Peptide-Receptor (PRRT): Immagine planare 2D e metodi di immagine ibrido 2D-3D SPECT/CT

Peptide-receptor-radionuclide-therapy (PPRT) is a targeted therapy that combines a short-range energy radionuclide with a substrate with high specificity ...

Assessing Whole-Body Lipid-Handling Capacity in Mice

Assessing lipid metabolism is a cornerstone of evaluating metabolic function, and it is considered essential for in vivo metabolism studies. Lipids are a class of many different molecules with many pathways involved in their synthesis and metabolism. A starting point for evaluating lipid hemostasis for nutrition and obesity research is needed. This paper describes three easy and accessible methods that require little expertise or practice to master, and that can be adapted by most labs to screen for lipid-metabolism abnormalities in mice. These methods are (1) measuring several fasting serum lipid molecules using commercial kits (2) assaying for dietary lipid-handling capability through an oral intralipid tolerance test, and (3) evaluating the response to a pharmaceutical compound, CL 316,243, in mice. Together, these methods will provide a high-level overview of lipid handling capability in mice.

This paper provides three easy and accessible assays for assessing lipid metabolism in mice.

Valutazione della capacità di manipolazione dei lipidi di tutto il corpo nei topi

Assessing lipid metabolism is a cornerstone of evaluating metabolic function, and it is considered essential for in vivo metabolism studies. Lipids are a ...