Los autores desean dar las gracias a Bing Zhang por su asistencia técnica. Este trabajo fue financiado por los Institutos Canadienses de Investigación en Salud (RP-86595). TAB es un Investigador CIHR Nueva y Académico AHFMR. QH es apoyado por una beca de CIHR Canadá Posgrado - Doctorado y una beca de AIHS tiempo completo. SAN es apoyado por una beca de la reina Elizabeth II de Posgrado. AYWS con el apoyo de una beca NSERC Postgrado - Doctorado.

Consulte la Figura 1 para un esquema general del protocolo experimental. 1. Disección <ol><li> Place acero estéril pantalla de malla en 60 x 15 mm plato Petri. Una unidad se necesita por muestra de tejido. </li><li> Añadir 5 ml de solución salina equilibrada de Hank (HBSS) a cada placa. Mantenga los platos en hielo. </li><li> Eutanasiar ratones con CO 2. </li><li> Ratón segura a la superficie de la disección, la parte ventral hacia arriba. Spray de ratón con 70% de etanol para la esterilización y para asegurar que la piel es enredado abajo. </li><li> Usando tijeras quirúrgicas, comenzar la disección haciendo una incisión ventral en la piel abdominal justo por encima de los genitales. Extienda la incisión hacia arriba a la barbilla. </li><li> Desde la línea media, extender la incisión hacia abajo a lo largo de todas las extremidades. Tire hacia atrás la piel suelta y el pin a la superficie disección. </li><li> Coseche el timo: <ol><li> Levante la punta inferior del esternón para hacer una incisión.</li><li> Evitar el hígado, cortar el diafragma para separar las costillas y luego se corta la caja torácica a cada lado. Cortar hacia arriba costillas en cada lado, teniendo cuidado de evitar los pulmones y el corazón. </li><li> Tire suavemente de la caja torácica espalda con pinzas. El timo es un órgano blanco, bilobulado situado por encima del corazón. Con el borde plano de la pinza para agarrar la parte inferior de los lóbulos, tire suavemente el timo y lo coloca en la pantalla de malla. </li></ol></li><li> Se recoge el bazo: <ol><li> El bazo es un rojo, en forma de tabla de surf órgano situado en el lado izquierdo de la cavidad abdominal del ratón, por debajo del hígado. </li><li> Hacer una incisión en la cavidad abdominal. Retire con cuidado el bazo con un par de pinzas, utilizando el par de segundos para provocar el tejido conectivo. Coloque el bazo en una pantalla de malla separada. </li></ol></li></ol> 2. Preparación de células <ol><li> El uso de un émbolo de una jeringa de 3 ml, molerórganos en la malla hasta que el tejido conectivo y sólo restos de grasa. Enjuague con HBSS malla de la cápsula tres veces. Utilice un émbolo nuevo para cada muestra de tejido. <ol><li> Otras opciones para la homogeneización de tejido se puede utilizar en lugar de este método. </li></ol></li><li> Contar las células usando un hemocitómetro. </li><li> Precipitar las células por centrifugación a 335 xg durante 5 min a 4 ° C. </li><li> Esplenocitos Resuspender en 500 l de tampón de lisis ACK (0,15 M NH 4 Cl, 10 mM KHC0 3, 0,1 mM Na 2 EDTA, pH 7,2) durante 10 min a temperatura ambiente. Timocitos Resuspender a 20 x 10 6 células / ml en tampón FACS (PBS, 1% FCS, 0,02% de azida de sodio) y dejar de lado en el hielo. </li><li> Volver a la isotonicidad esplenocitos mediante la adición de 5 ml de HBSS. Pellet esplenocitos por centrifugación y se resuspende en 20 x 10 6 células / ml en tampón FACS. Si las células deben permanecer estériles, puede utilizar estéril RPMI + 10% de FCS. </li></ol> 3.Las células de tinción para citometría de flujo El objetivo de este protocolo es delinear estrategias para el análisis de selección positiva y negativa usando tipo salvaje (WT) y ratones HY CD4. Por consideraciones generales relacionadas con la citometría de flujo de diseño experimental, adquisición y análisis, nos referimos a los lectores una excelente revisión de Tung et al. 11 <ol><li> Alícuota de 4 x 10 6 timocitos por muestra de citometría de flujo a cada pocillo de una placa de 96-pocillos, así como 1 x 10 6 esplenocitos WT por control de compensación. Si el uso de ratones transgénicos, se debe incluir un ratón WT como un control en un experimento. </li><li> Bloquear los receptores Fc mediante la incubación de las células con anti-CD16/32 (clon 2.4G2) durante 10 min en hielo. </li><li> Girar la placa a 335 xg, a 4 ° C durante 5 min. Retire la tapa y disipar líquido de los pozos colocando el plato una vez, boca abajo en el fregadero. Resuspender cada pocillo en 200 l de tampón FACS. Repita el lavado. </li><li> Preparar cócteles de anticuerpos como se indica a continuación, utilizando la concentración óptima de cada anticuerpo sobre la base de la dilución en 200 l de tampón FACS por pocillo. La concentración óptima de cada anticuerpo se define como la concentración más baja necesaria para proporcionar la mayor separación de las poblaciones positivas y negativas. Si no existe una población negativa para un determinado anticuerpo, un anticuerpo isotipo deben ser incluidos. El volumen total por pocillo se puede reducir (por ejemplo a 100 l por pocillo) si se desea. <ol><li> PESO timo: anti-TCRβ, anti-CD4 y anti-CD8, anti-CD69 o anti-CD5 y anti-CD24 </li><li> HY timo CD4: anti-TCR HY (T3.70), anti-CD4, anti-CD8, anti-CD69 o anti-CD5, anti-CD24 Para obtener una mejor separación de CD69 y CD69 Mín poblaciones HI de los timocitos, se recomienda que un anticuerpo biotinilado anti-CD69 primaria ser utilizado, seguido de una tinción secundaria que contiene un fluorocromo conjugado estreptavidina. Nos üsí la misma estrategia para CD5 tinción. </li></ol></li><li> Se incuban las células con 200 l de cóctel de anticuerpos en tampón FACS durante 30 min en hielo en la oscuridad. </li><li> Coincidiendo con la tinción de anticuerpos cóctel, mancha cada control de compensación con un solo fluorocromo y conjugado de anticuerpos. Idealmente, la tinción de compensación implica los mismos anticuerpos tal como se utiliza en el cóctel de anticuerpos. Sin embargo, la tinción para cada antígeno individual puede no ser factible para grandes experimentos cuando muchos antígenos se está ensayando. Por lo tanto, la tinción de los anticuerpos anti-CD4 o anti-CD8 es recomendable debido a la alta expresión de estos antígenos, o el uso de perlas de compensación. Teñir en tampón FACS durante 30 min en hielo en la oscuridad. Agregar un control de compensación sin mancha. </li><li> Lavar las células dos veces con tampón FACS. </li><li> Resuspender las células en tampón FACS y la transferencia a tubos de FACS. </li><li> Adquirir muestras en citómetro de flujo. Incluye la adquisición de FSC y FSC-A-W para unllow de discriminación doblete. </li></ol> 4. Análisis de citometría de flujo de datos - Non-TCR ratones transgénicos Usamos FlowJo por citometría de flujo de análisis de datos. Refiérase a la Figura 2A para la estrategia de activación periódica para no TCR ratones transgénicos. <ol><li> Usando FSC-A por SSC, puerta electrónica en el &quot;linfocitos&quot; de la población. </li><li> Dentro de la &quot;linfocitos&quot; de la población, el uso FSC-A por el FSC-W electrónicamente a la puerta de la FSC-W población lo excluir dobletes celulares y aggregrates. Esta es la &quot;camiseta&quot; de la puerta. </li><li> Con los acontecimientos de la &quot;camiseta&quot; puerta, parcela CD8 por CD4. Dibuja puertas para DN, aburrido DP, DP brillante, CD4 + CD8 poblaciones lo, CD4SP CD8SP y como se muestra en la Figura 2B. </li><li> En las puertas CD4SP y CD8SP, crear TCRβ por CD24 parcelas. Utilice la herramienta de gating cuadrante para dibujar puertas como se muestra en la Figura 2C. </li><li> Crear una new argumento de la &quot;camiseta&quot; puerta: TCRβ de CD69. Dibujar puertas A, B, C, D tal como se representa en la Figura 2D. </li><li> Crear otra parcela de la &quot;camiseta&quot; puerta: TCRβ por CD5. Dibujar puertas i, ii, iii, iv como se representa en la figura 2E. Esta es otra estrategia para el examen de selección positiva. </li><li> Aplicar DN, aburrido DP, DP brillante, int CD4, CD4SP y puertas CD8SP de debajo de &quot;singlete&quot; a puertas i, ii, iii, iv, A, B, C, D (Figura 2 D, E). </li><li> Calcular el número de células en un determinado subconjunto de multiplicar celularidad de órganos por la frecuencia de cada puerta posterior hasta llegar a la población objetivo. Por ejemplo, el número de TCRβ hi-CD69 CD8SP timocitos sería determinado por el timo celularidad x% bhi TCR CD69-(fracción D) x CD8SP%. <ol><li> Contando ya tiene en cuenta que las células vivas y muertas por lo que no se incluye el lymphoc &quot;YTE &quot;puerta en sus cálculos. </li></ol></li></ol> 5. Análisis de citometría de flujo de datos - TCR ratones transgénicos Consulte la Figura 3A para la estrategia de puerta para TCR ratones transgénicos. <ol><li> Siga los pasos 4,1 y 4,2 como en la sección anterior. </li><li> Bajo el &quot;singlete&quot; puerta, crear un T3.70 por parcela SSC y la puerta en la T3.70 + población celular a analizar antígenos específicos de células T (Figura 3B). En algunas circunstancias, puede ser de interés para comparar esta población a la no específica de antígeno (T3.70-) población de células T. </li><li> Dentro de la población T3.70 +, dibujar DN, DP, CD4SP y CD8SP puertas (Figura 3C). <ol><li> Para las muestras de control WT, dibujar estas puertas bajo la &quot;camiseta&quot; puerta o crear una T3.70-gate, ya que habrá muy pocos T3.70 + células. </li></ol></li><li> Bajo la puerta CD8SP, crear unaT3.70 por CD24 trama. Utilice la herramienta de gating cuadrante para dividir las células en cuatro poblaciones (Figura 3F). </li><li> Crear un histograma que representa superpuesto expresión de CD69 en el compartimiento de DP de ratones WT y T3.70 + compartimiento DP de CD4 HY ratones (Figura 4A). Repetir para examinar la expresión de CD5 (Figura 4B). </li><li> Calcular el número absoluto de células en cada subconjunto de interés como en 4,8. </li></ol>

<ol>
	<li>Liston, A., Lesage, S., Wilson, J., Peltonen, L., Goodnow, C. C. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Aire+regulates+negative+selection+of+organ-specific+T+cells.">Aire regulates negative selection of organ-specific T cells.</a> Nat. Immunol. 4, 350-354 (2003).</li><li>Liston, A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Gene+dosage--limiting+role+of+Aire+in+thymic+expression,+clonal+deletion,+and+organ-specific+autoimmunity.">Gene dosage--limiting role of Aire in thymic expression, clonal deletion, and organ-specific autoimmunity.</a> J. Exp. Med. 200, 1015-1026 (2004).</li><li>Hogquist, K. A., Baldwin, T. A., Jameson, S. C. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Central+tolerance:+learning+self-control+in+the+thymus.">Central tolerance: learning self-control in the thymus.</a> Nat. Rev. Immunol. 5, 772-782 (2005).</li><li>Liston, A., Enders, A., Siggs, O. M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Unravelling+the+association+of+partial+T-cell+immunodeficiency+and+immune+dysregulation.">Unravelling the association of partial T-cell immunodeficiency and immune dysregulation.</a> Nat. Rev. Immunol. 8, 545-558 (2008).</li><li>Starr, T. K., Jameson, S. C., Hogquist, K. A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Positive+and+negative+selection+of+T+cells.">Positive and negative selection of T cells.</a> Annu. Rev. Immunol. 21, 139-176 (2003).</li><li>McCaughtry, T. M., Hogquist, K. A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Central+tolerance:+what+have+we+learned+from+mice.">Central tolerance: what have we learned from mice.</a> Seminars in immunopathology. 30, 399-409 (2008).</li><li>Zhan, Y. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Without+peripheral+interference,+thymic+deletion+is+mediated+in+a+cohort+of+double-positive+cells+without+classical+activation.">Without peripheral interference, thymic deletion is mediated in a cohort of double-positive cells without classical activation.</a> Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 100, 1197-1202 (2003).</li><li>Brewer, J. A., Kanagawa, O., Sleckman, B. P., Muglia, L. J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Thymocyte+apoptosis+induced+by+T+cell+activation+is+mediated+by+glucocorticoids+in+vivo.">Thymocyte apoptosis induced by T cell activation is mediated by glucocorticoids in vivo.</a> J. Immunol. 169, 1837-1843 (2002).</li><li>Martin, S., Bevan, M. J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Antigen-specific+and+nonspecific+deletion+of+immature+cortical+thymocytes+caused+by+antigen+injection.">Antigen-specific and nonspecific deletion of immature cortical thymocytes caused by antigen injection.</a> European journal of immunology. 27, 2726-2736 (1997).</li><li>Baldwin, T. A., Sandau, M. M., Jameson, S. C., Hogquist, K. A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+timing+of+TCR+alpha+expression+critically+influences+T+cell+development+and+selection.">The timing of TCR alpha expression critically influences T cell development and selection.</a> J. Exp. Med. 202, 111-121 (2005).</li><li>Tung, J. W. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Modern+flow+cytometry:+a+practical+approach.">Modern flow cytometry: a practical approach.</a> Clinics in laboratory medicine. 27, 453-468 (2007).</li><li>Aliahmad, P., Kaye, J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Development+of+all+CD4+T+lineages+requires+nuclear+factor+TOX.">Development of all CD4 T lineages requires nuclear factor TOX.</a> J. Exp. Med. 205, 245-256 (2008).</li><li>Kastner, P. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Bcl11b+represses+a+mature+T-cell+gene+expression+program+in+immature+CD4(+)CD8(+)+thymocytes.">Bcl11b represses a mature T-cell gene expression program in immature CD4(+)CD8(+) thymocytes.</a> Eur. J. Immunol. 40, 2143-2154 (2010).</li><li>Albu, D. I. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=BCL11B+is+required+for+positive+selection+and+survival+of+double-positive+thymocytes.">BCL11B is required for positive selection and survival of double-positive thymocytes.</a> J. Exp. Med. 204, 3003-3015 (2007).</li><li>Van De Wiele, C. J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Thymocytes+between+the+beta-selection+and+positive+selection+checkpoints+are+nonresponsive+to+IL-7+as+assessed+by+STAT-5+phosphorylation.">Thymocytes between the beta-selection and positive selection checkpoints are nonresponsive to IL-7 as assessed by STAT-5 phosphorylation.</a> J. Immunol. 172, 4235-4244 (2004).</li><li>Ueno, T. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=CCR7+signals+are+essential+for+cortex-medulla+migration+of+developing+thymocytes.">CCR7 signals are essential for cortex-medulla migration of developing thymocytes.</a> J. Exp. Med. 200, 493-505 (2004).</li><li>Saini, M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Regulation+of+Zap70+expression+during+thymocyte+development+enables+temporal+separation+of+CD4+and+CD8+repertoire+selection+at+different+signaling+thresholds.">Regulation of Zap70 expression during thymocyte development enables temporal separation of CD4 and CD8 repertoire selection at different signaling thresholds.</a> Science signaling. 3, ra23 (2010).</li><li>Hu, Q., Sader, A., Parkman, J. C., Baldwin, T. A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Bim-mediated+apoptosis+is+not+necessary+for+thymic+negative+selection+to+ubiquitous+self-antigens.">Bim-mediated apoptosis is not necessary for thymic negative selection to ubiquitous self-antigens.</a> J. Immunol. 183, 7761-7767 (2009).</li><li>Kisielow, P., Bluthmann, H., Staerz, U. D., Steinmetz, M., von Boehmer, H. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Tolerance+in+T-cell-receptor+transgenic+mice+involves+deletion+of+nonmature+CD4+8++thymocytes.">Tolerance in T-cell-receptor transgenic mice involves deletion of nonmature CD4+8+ thymocytes.</a> Nature. 333, 742-746 (1988).</li><li>McCaughtry, T. M., Baldwin, T. A., Wilken, M. S., Hogquist, K. A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Clonal+deletion+of+thymocytes+can+occur+in+the+cortex+with+no+involvement+of+the+medulla.">Clonal deletion of thymocytes can occur in the cortex with no involvement of the medulla.</a> J. Exp. Med. 205, 2575-2584 (2008).</li><li>Derbinski, J., Schulte, A., Kyewski, B., Klein, L. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Promiscuous+gene+expression+in+medullary+thymic+epithelial+cells+mirrors+the+peripheral+self.">Promiscuous gene expression in medullary thymic epithelial cells mirrors the peripheral self.</a> Nat. Immunol. 2, 1032-1039 (2001).</li><li>Anderson, M. S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Projection+of+an+immunological+self+shadow+within+the+thymus+by+the+aire+protein.">Projection of an immunological self shadow within the thymus by the aire protein.</a> Science. 298, 1395-1401 (2002).</li><li>Kurts, C. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Constitutive+class+I-restricted+exogenous+presentation+of+self+antigens+in+vivo.">Constitutive class I-restricted exogenous presentation of self antigens in vivo.</a> J. Exp. Med. 184, 923-930 (1996).</li><li>Nitta, T., Nitta, S., Lei, Y., Lipp, M., Takahama, Y. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=CCR7-mediated+migration+of+developing+thymocytes+to+the+medulla+is+essential+for+negative+selection+to+tissue-restricted+antigens.">CCR7-mediated migration of developing thymocytes to the medulla is essential for negative selection to tissue-restricted antigens.</a> Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 106, 17129-17133 (2009).</li><li>Bouneaud, C., Kourilsky, P., Bousso, P. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Impact+of+negative+selection+on+the+T+cell+repertoire+reactive+to+a+self-peptide:+a+large+fraction+of+T+cell+clones+escapes+clonal+deletion.">Impact of negative selection on the T cell repertoire reactive to a self-peptide: a large fraction of T cell clones escapes clonal deletion.</a> Immunity. 13, 829-840 (2000).</li><li>Gallegos, A. M., Bevan, M. J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Central+tolerance+to+tissue-specific+antigens+mediated+by+direct+and+indirect+antigen+presentation.">Central tolerance to tissue-specific antigens mediated by direct and indirect antigen presentation.</a> J. Exp. Med. 200, 1039-1049 (2004).</li><li>Moon, J. J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Naive+CD4(+)+T+cell+frequency+varies+for+different+epitopes+and+predicts+repertoire+diversity+and+response+magnitude.">Naive CD4(+) T cell frequency varies for different epitopes and predicts repertoire diversity and response magnitude.</a> Immunity. 27, 203-213 (2007).</li><li>Bouillet, P. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=BH3-only+Bcl-2+family+member+Bim+is+required+for+apoptosis+of+autoreactive+thymocytes.">BH3-only Bcl-2 family member Bim is required for apoptosis of autoreactive thymocytes.</a> Nature. 415, 922-926 (2002).</li><li>Suen, A. Y., Baldwin, T. A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Proapoptotic+protein+Bim+is+differentially+required+during+thymic+clonal+deletion+to+ubiquitous+versus+tissue-restricted+antigens.">Proapoptotic protein Bim is differentially required during thymic clonal deletion to ubiquitous versus tissue-restricted antigens.</a> Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. , (2012).</li><li>Calnan, B. J., Szychowski, S., Chan, F. K., Cado, D., Winoto, A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+role+for+the+orphan+steroid+receptor+Nur77+in+apoptosis+accompanying+antigen-induced+negative+selection.">A role for the orphan steroid receptor Nur77 in apoptosis accompanying antigen-induced negative selection.</a> Immunity. 3, 273-282 (1995).</li><li>Zhou, T. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Inhibition+of+Nur77/Nurr1+leads+to+inefficient+clonal+deletion+of+self-reactive+T+cells.">Inhibition of Nur77/Nurr1 leads to inefficient clonal deletion of self-reactive T cells.</a> J. Exp. Med. 183, 1879-1892 (1996).</li><li>Baldwin, T. A., Hogquist, K. A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Transcriptional+analysis+of+clonal+deletion+in+vivo.">Transcriptional analysis of clonal deletion in vivo.</a> J. Immunol. 179, 837-844 (2007).</li></ol>

No hay conflictos de interés declarado.

El protocolo presentado aquí puede ser utilizado para examinar la selección positiva y negativa en no-TCR transgénicos y ratones transgénicos TCR. Este protocolo describe la tinción de antígenos de superficie. Para un análisis más detallado de los mecanismos moleculares, a menudo es necesario para realizar la tinción intracelular. Usamos la BD Biosciences Cytofix / Cytoperm Kit para la mayoría de las proteínas intracelulares y el Kit de BD Biosciences Foxp3 de tinción para los factores de transcripción. Por...

<table border="1"><tbody><tr><td> Nombre del reactivo </td><td> Empresa </td><td> Número de catálogo </td><td> Comentarios (opcional) </td></tr><tr><td> Solución salina equilibrada de Hank HyClone </td><td> Thermo Scientific </td><td> SH30030.02 </td><td></td></tr><tr><td> Pantallas metálicas de malla </td><td> Cedarlane </td><td> CX-0080-E-01 </td><td></td></tr><tr><td> Placas de Petri (60 x 15 mm) </td><td> Fisher Scientific </td><td> 877221 </td><td></td></tr><tr><td> Jeringuillas (3 ml) </td><td> BD Biosciences </td><td> 309657 </td><td></td></tr><tr><td> Tubos cónicos (15 ml) </td><td> Sarstedt </td><td> 62.554.205 </td><td></td></tr><tr><td> Microscopio </td><td> Zeiss - Primo Star </td><td> 415500-000-00XX </td><td></td></tr><tr><td> Hemocitómetro </td><td> HausserCientífico </td><td> 3110 </td><td></td></tr><tr><td> Placa de 96 pocillos </td><td> Sarstedt </td><td> 82.1582.001 </td><td></td></tr><tr><td> Pipeta multicanal </td><td> Fisherbrand </td><td> 21-377-829 </td><td></td></tr><tr><td> Suero de ternero fetal </td><td> PAA </td><td> A15-701 </td><td></td></tr><tr><td> Salina tamponada con fosfato </td><td> Fisher Scientific </td><td> SH3025802 </td><td></td></tr><tr><td> Sodio azida </td><td> IT Baker Chemical Co. </td><td> V015-05 </td><td></td></tr><tr><td> FcR reactivo de bloqueo </td><td></td><td></td><td> Clone 2.4G2 </td></tr><tr><td> Anti-ratón HY TCR </td><td> eBioscience </td><td> XX-9930-YY * </td><td> Clone T3.70 </td></tr><tr><td> Mouse anti-CD4 </td><td> eBioscience </td><td> XX-0042-YY * </td><td> Clone RM4-5 </td></tr><tr><td> Lanti-ratón CD8 </td><td> eBioscience </td><td> XX-0081-YY * </td><td> Clone 53-6.7 </td></tr><tr><td> Anti-CD24 de ratón </td><td> eBioscience </td><td> XX-0242-YY * </td><td> Clone M1/69 </td></tr><tr><td> Anti-ratón TCRβ </td><td> eBioscience </td><td> XX-5961-YY * </td><td> Clon H57-597 </td></tr><tr><td> Anti-CD69 de ratón biotinilado </td><td> eBioscience </td><td> 13-0691-AA * </td><td> Clone H1.2F3 </td></tr><tr><td> Anti-ratón biotinilado CD5 </td><td> eBioscience </td><td> 13-0051-YY * </td><td> Clone 53-7.3 </td></tr><tr><td> Estreptavidina </td><td> eBioscience </td><td> XX-4217-YY * </td><td></td></tr><tr><td> Citómetro de flujo </td><td> BD Biosciences - FACS Canto </td><td> 338962 </td><td></td></tr><tr><td> FACS tubos </td><td> BD Biosciences </td><td> 352052 </td><td></td></tr><tr><td> La citometría de flujo de software de análisis </td><td> TreeStar - FlowJo </td><td> FlowJo v7 / 9 </td><td></td></tr><tr><td> HyClone medio RPMI - 1640 </td><td> Thermo Scientific </td><td> SH30027.01 </td><td></td></tr><tr><td></td><td></td><td></td><td> * XX varía según el fluorocromo y YY varía según el tamaño del vial. </td></tr></tbody></table>

examination of thymic positive and negative selection by flow cytometry

Un sistema inmunológico saludable requiere que las células T responden a antígenos extraños sin dejar de ser tolerante a antígenos propios. Reordenamiento aleatorio del receptor de células T (TCR) α y β loci genera un repertorio de células T con una gran diversidad en la especificidad de antígeno, tanto para uno mismo y extranjeros. Selección del repertorio durante el desarrollo en el timo es crítico para la generación de células T segura y útil. Los defectos en la selección tímica contribuir al desarrollo de trastornos autoinmunes e inmunodeficiencia 1-4. Progenitores de células T entrar en el timo como dobles negativas (DN) timocitos que no expresan CD4 o CD8 co-receptores. Expresión de la αβTCR y ambos receptores co-ocurre en el doble positiva (DP) etapa. Interacción de la αβTCR con el auto-péptido-MHC (pMHC) presentados por células tímicas determina el destino de la timocitos DP. Interacciones de alta afinidad conducir a la selección negativa y la eliminaciónción de las materias autorreactivas timocitos. Interacciones de baja afinidad resultado en la selección positiva y el desarrollo de las células CD4 o CD8 individuales positivos (SP) células T capaces de reconocer antígenos extraños presentados por auto-MHC 5. La selección positiva puede ser estudiada en ratones con un anticuerpo policlonal (tipo salvaje) repertorio TCR mediante la observación de la generación de células T maduras. Sin embargo, no son ideales para el estudio de selección negativa, que implica la supresión de pequeñas poblaciones específicas de antígeno. Muchos sistemas modelo se han utilizado para estudiar la selección negativa, pero varían en su capacidad para recapitular los eventos fisiológicos 6. Por ejemplo, la estimulación in vitro de timocitos carece del entorno del timo que está íntimamente involucrada en la selección, mientras que la administración de antígeno exógeno puede conducir a la supresión no específica de los timocitos 7-9. En la actualidad, las mejores herramientas para estudiar en la selección negativa vivo son ratones que expresan una transgenic TCR específico para el auto-antígeno endógeno. Sin embargo, muchos clásicos modelos transgénicos TCR se caracterizan por prematura expresión de la cadena TCRα transgénica en la etapa de DN, lo que resulta en la eyaculación de selección negativa. Nuestro laboratorio ha desarrollado el modelo HY CD4, en el que el transgénico HY TCRα está condicionalmente expresó en la fase DP, permitiendo la selección negativa que se producen durante la transición a DP SP como ocurre en ratones de tipo salvaje 10. Aquí se describe un flujo de citometría de protocolos para examinar la selección tímica positivo y negativo en el modelo de ratón HY CD4. Mientras que la selección negativa en las células CD4 HY ratones es muy fisiológico, estos métodos también se pueden aplicar a otros modelos transgénicos TCR. También se presentarán las estrategias generales para el análisis de la selección positiva en un repertorio policlonal aplicable a cualquier ratones genéticamente manipulados.

En fisiológicos TCR modelos transgénicos y ratones WT, la selección positiva se inicia en la etapa DP brillante antes de pasar a la etapa de DP aburrido después del encuentro de antígeno. Timocitos DP aburridos a continuación, introduzca un CD4 + CD8 etapa de transición antes de convertirse en lo CD4SP o timocitos CD8SP (Figura 2B). Timocitos maduros SP se caracteriza por la alta expresión de TCR y la pérdida de CD24 (Figura 2C).</s...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Examination of Thymic Positive and Negative Selection by Flow Cytometry at JoVE.com

Examination of Thymic Positive and Negative Selection by Flow Cytometry

Se presenta una citometría de flujo basado en el método para examinar el desarrollo de las células T<em&gt; In vivo</em&gt; Utilizando ratones genéticamente manipulados en un fondo de tipo salvaje o receptor de células T transgénicos.

El examen de selección tímica positivo y negativo por citometría de flujo

A healthy immune system requires that T cells respond to foreign  antigens while remaining tolerant to self-antigens. Random rearrangement of the  T cell ...

examination-thymic-positive-negative-selection-flow

Research

JoVE Journal

Immunology and Infection

21.6K vistas.  University of Alberta. Se presenta una citometría de flujo basado en el método para examinar el desarrollo de las células T In vivo Utilizando ratones genéticamente manipulados en un fondo de tipo salvaje o receptor de células T transgénicos.

Video: Examination of Thymic Positive and Negative Selection by Flow Cytometry

Measuring Calpain Activity in Fixed and Living Cells by Flow Cytometry

Calpains are ubiquitous intracellular, calcium-sensitive, neutral cysteine proteases 1. Calpains play crucial roles in many physiological processes, including signaling, cytoskeletal remodeling, regulation of gene expression, apoptosis and cell cycle progression 1. Calpains have been implicated in many pathologies including muscular dystrophies, cancer, diabetes, Alzheimer's disease and multiple sclerosis 1. Calpain regulation is complex and incompletely understood. mRNA and protein levels correlate poorly with activity, limiting the use of gene or protein expression techniques to measure calpain activity. This video protocol details a flow cytometric assay developed in our laboratory for measuring calpain activity in fixed and living cells. This method uses the fluorescent substrate BOC-LM-CMAC, which is cleaved specifically by calpain, to measure calpain activity. 2 In this video, calpain activity in fixed and living murine 32Dkit leukemia cells, alone or as part of a splenocyte population is measured using an LSRII (BD Bioscience). 32Dkit cells are shown to have elevated activity compared to normal splenocytes.

This article will detail the protocol for measuring calpain activity in fixed and living cells using flow cytometry.

Medición de la actividad calpaína en células fijadas y vivir por citometría de flujo

Calpains are ubiquitous intracellular, calcium-sensitive, neutral cysteine proteases 1. Calpains play crucial roles in many physiological processes, ...

Investigación

Inmunología e Infección

Human In Vitro Suppression as Screening Tool for the Recognition of an Early State of Immune Imbalance

Regulatory T cells (Tregs) are critical mediators of immune tolerance to self-antigens. In addition, they are crucial regulators of the immune response following an infection. Despite efforts to identify unique surface marker on Tregs, the only unique feature is their ability to suppress the proliferation and function of effector T cells. While it is clear that only in vitro assays can be used in assessing human Treg function, this becomes problematic when assessing the results from cross-sectional studies where healthy cells and cells isolated from subjects with autoimmune diseases (like Type 1 Diabetes-T1D) need to be compared. There is a great variability among laboratories in the number and type of responder T cells, nature and strength of stimulation, Treg:responder ratios and the number and type of antigen-presenting cells (APC) used in human in vitro suppression assays. This variability makes comparison between studies measuring Treg function difficult. The Treg field needs a standardized suppression assay that will work well with both healthy subjects and those with autoimmune diseases. We have developed an in vitro suppression assay that shows very little intra-assay variability in the stimulation of T cells isolated from healthy volunteers compared to subjects with underlying autoimmune destruction of pancreatic &beta;-cells. The main goal of this piece is to describe an in vitro human suppression assay that allows comparison between different subject groups. Additionally, this assay has the potential to delineate a small loss in nTreg function and anticipate further loss in the future, thus identifying subjects who could benefit from preventive immunomodulatory therapy1. Below, we provide thorough description of the steps involved in this procedure. We hope to contribute to the standardization of the in vitro suppression assay used to measure Treg function. In addition, we offer this assay as a tool to recognize an early state of immune imbalance and a potential functional biomarker for T1D.

Human In Vitro Suppression as Screening Tool for the Recognition of an Early State of Immune Imbalance

Tregs are potent suppressors of the immune system. There is a lack of unique surface markers to define them, hence, definitions of Tregs are primarily functional. Here we describe an optimized in vitro assay capable of identifying immune imbalance in subjects at risk to develop T1D.

Humano In Vitro Supresión como herramienta de cribado para el reconocimiento de un estado inicial de desequilibrio inmunológico

Regulatory T cells (Tregs) are critical mediators of immune tolerance to self-antigens. In addition, they are crucial regulators of the immune response ...

Detection of Fluorescent Nanoparticle Interactions with Primary Immune Cell Subpopulations by Flow Cytometry

Engineered nanoparticles are endowed with very promising properties for therapeutic and diagnostic purposes. This work describes a fast and reliable method of analysis by flow cytometry to study nanoparticle interaction with immune cells. Primary immune cells can be easily purified from human or mouse tissues by antibody-mediated magnetic isolation. In the first instance, the different cell populations running in a flow cytometer can be distinguished by the forward-scattered light (FSC), which is proportional to cell size, and the side-scattered light (SSC), related to cell internal complexity. Furthermore, fluorescently labeled antibodies against specific cell surface receptors permit the identification of several subpopulations within the same sample. Often, all these features vary when cells are boosted by external stimuli that change their physiological and morphological state. Here, 50 nm FITC-SiO2 nanoparticles are used as a model to identify the internalization of nanostructured materials in human blood immune cells. The cell fluorescence and side-scattered light increase after incubation with nanoparticles allowed us to define time and concentration dependence of nanoparticle-cell interaction. Moreover, such protocol can be extended to investigate Rhodamine-SiO2 nanoparticle interaction with primary microglia, the central nervous system resident immune cells, isolated from mutant mice that specifically express the Green Fluorescent Protein (GFP) in the monocyte/macrophage lineage. Finally, flow cytometry data related to nanoparticle internalization into the cells have been confirmed by confocal microscopy.

Analysis of nanoparticle interaction with defined subpopulations of immune cells by flow cytometry.

La detección de nanopartículas fluorescentes Interacciones con inmunodeficiencia primaria subpoblaciones celulares por citometría de flujo

Engineered nanoparticles are endowed with very promising properties for therapeutic and diagnostic purposes. This work describes a fast and reliable ...

In Vivo Assessment of Rodent Plasmodium Parasitemia and Merozoite Invasion by Flow Cytometry

During blood stage infection, malaria parasites invade, mature, and replicate within red blood cells (RBCs). This results in a regular growth cycle and an exponential increase in the proportion of malaria infected RBCs, known as parasitemia. We describe a flow cytometry based protocol which utilizes a combination of the DNA dye Hoechst, and the mitochondrial membrane potential dye, JC-1, to identify RBCs which contain parasites and therefore the parasitemia, of in vivo blood samples from Plasmodium chabaudi adami DS infected mice. Using this approach, in combination with fluorescently conjugated antibodies, parasitized RBCs can be distinguished from leukocytes, RBC progenitors, and RBCs containing Howell-Jolly bodies (HJ-RBCs), with a limit of detection of 0.007% parasitemia. Additionally, we outline a method for the comparative assessment of merozoite invasion into two different RBC populations. In this assay RBCs, labeled with two distinct compounds identifiable by flow cytometry, are transfused into infected mice. The relative rate of invasion into the two populations can then be assessed by flow cytometry based on the proportion of parasitized RBCs in each population over time. This combined approach allows the accurate measurement of both parasitemia and merozoite invasion in an in vivo model of malaria infection.

In Vivo Assessment of Rodent Plasmodium Parasitemia and Merozoite Invasion by Flow Cytometry

The malaria parasite invades and replicates within red blood cells. The accurate assessment of merozoite invasion and parasitemia is therefore crucial in assessing the course of malaria infection. Here we describe a flow cytometry based protocol for the measurement of these parameters in a mouse model of malaria.

En la Evaluación in vivo de roedores Plasmodium parasitemia y Merozoite Invasión por Citometría de Flujo

During blood stage infection, malaria parasites invade, mature, and replicate within red blood cells (RBCs). This results in a regular growth cycle and an ...

Phenotypic Characterization of Macrophages from Rat Kidney by Flow Cytometry

There is increasing evidence suggesting the important role of inflammation and, subsequently, macrophages in the development and progression of renal disease. Macrophages are heterogeneous cells that have been implicated in kidney injury. Macrophages may be classified into two different phenotypes: classically activated macrophages (M1 macrophages), that release pro-inflammatory cytokines and promote fibrosis; and alternatively activated macrophages (M2 macrophages) that are associated with immunoregulatory and tissue-remodeling functions. These macrophage phenotypes need to be discriminated and analyzed to determine their contribution to renal injury. However, there are scarce studies reporting consistent phenotypic and functional information about macrophage subtypes in inflammatory renal disease models, especially in rats. This fact may be related to the limited macrophage markers used in rats, contrary to mice. Therefore, novel strategies are necessary to quantify and characterize the renal content of these infiltrating cells in a reliable way. This manuscript details a protocol for kidney digestion and further phenotypic and quantitative analysis of macrophages from rat kidneys by flow cytometry. Briefly, kidneys were incubated with collagenase and total macrophages were identified according to the dual presence of CD45 (leukocytes common antigen) and CD68 (PAN macrophage marker) in live cells.This was followed by surface staining of CD86 (M1 marker) and CD163 (M2 marker). Rat peritoneal macrophages were used as positive control for macrophage marker detection by flow cytometry. Our protocol resulted in low cellular mortality and allowed characterization of different intracellular and surface protein markers, thus limiting the loss of cellular integrity observed in other protocols. Moreover, this procedure allows the use of macrophages for further techniques, including cell sorting and mRNA or protein expression studies, among others.

This manuscript describes a detailed protocol for phenotypic and quantitative analysis of resident macrophages from rat kidneys by flow cytometry. The resulting stained cells can be also used for other applications, including cell sorting, gene expression analysis or functional studies, thus increasing the information obtained in the experimental model.

Caracterización fenotípica de los macrófagos a partir de riñón de rata por Citometría de Flujo

There is increasing evidence suggesting the important role of inflammation and, subsequently, macrophages in the development and progression of renal ...

Fluorescence-activated Cell Sorting for Purification of Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cells from the Mouse Bone Marrow

Fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) is a technique to purify specific cell populations based on phenotypes detected by flow cytometry. This method enables researchers to better understand the characteristics of a single cell population without the influence of other cells. Compared to other methods of cell enrichment, such as magnetic-activated cell sorting (MCS), FACS is more flexible and accurate for cell separation due to the ability of phenotype detection by flow cytometry. In addition, FACS is usually capable of separating multiple cell populations simultaneously, which improves the efficiency and diversity of experiments. Although FACS has some limitations, it has been broadly used to purify cells for functional studies in both in vitro and in vivo settings. Here we report a protocol using fluorescence-activated cell sorting to isolate a very rare population of immune cells, plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDC), with high purity from the bone marrow of lupus-prone mice for in vitro functional studies of pDC.

We report a protocol using fluorescence-activated cell sorting to isolate plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDC) with high purity from the bone marrow of lupus-prone mice for functional studies of pDC.

Clasificación de células activadas por fluorescencia para la purificación de células dendríticas plasmocitoide de la médula ósea de ratones

Fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) is a technique to purify specific cell populations based on phenotypes detected by flow cytometry. This method ...

Isolation and In Vitro Culture of Murine and Human Alveolar Macrophages

Alveolar macrophages are terminally differentiated, lung-resident macrophages of prenatal origin. Alveolar macrophages are unique in their long life and their important role in lung development and function, as well as their lung-localized responses to infection and inflammation. To date, no unified method for identification, isolation, and handling of alveolar macrophages from humans and mice exists. Such a method is needed for studies on these important innate immune cells in various experimental settings. The method described here, which can be easily adopted by any laboratory, is a simplified approach to harvesting alveolar macrophages from bronchoalveolar lavage fluid or from lung tissue and maintaining them in vitro. Because alveolar macrophages primarily occur as adherent cells in the alveoli, the focus of this method is on dislodging them prior to harvest and identification. The lung is a highly vascularized organ, and various cell types of myeloid and lymphoid origin inhabit, interact, and are influenced by the lung microenvironment. By using the set of surface markers described here, researchers can easily and unambiguously distinguish alveolar macrophages from other leukocytes, and purify them for downstream applications. The culture method developed herein supports both human and mouse alveolar macrophages for in vitro growth, and is compatible with cellular and molecular studies.

Isolation and In Vitro Culture of Murine and Human Alveolar Macrophages

This communication describes methodologies for isolation and culture of alveolar macrophages from humans and murine models for experimental purposes.

Aislamiento y cultivo In Vitro de los macrófagos alveolares murinos y humanos

Alveolar macrophages are terminally differentiated, lung-resident macrophages of prenatal origin. Alveolar macrophages are unique in their long life and ...

Characterization of Human Monocyte Subsets by Whole Blood Flow Cytometry Analysis

Monocytes are key contributors in various inflammatory disorders and alterations to these cells, including their subset proportions and functions, can have pathological significance. An ideal method for examining alterations to monocytes is whole blood flow cytometry as the minimal handling of samples by this method limits artifactual cell activation. However, many different approaches are taken to gate the monocyte subsets leading to inconsistent identification of the subsets between studies. Here we demonstrate a method using whole blood flow cytometry to identify and characterize human monocyte subsets (classical, intermediate, and non-classical). We outline how to prepare the blood samples for flow cytometry, gate the subsets (ensure contaminating cells have been removed), and determine monocyte subset expression of surface markers &#8212; in this example M1 and M2 markers. This protocol can be extended to other studies that require a standard gating method for assessing monocyte subset proportions and monocyte subset expression of other functional markers.

Here we present a protocol for characterizing monocyte subsets by whole blood flow cytometry. This includes outlining how to gate the subsets and assess their expression of surface markers and giving an example of the assessment of the expression of M1 (inflammatory) and M2 markers (anti-inflammatory).

Caracterización de subconjuntos de monocitos humanos de sangre análisis de citometría de flujo

Monocytes are key contributors in various inflammatory disorders and alterations to these cells, including their subset proportions and functions, can ...

Discrimination of Seven Immune Cell Subsets by Two-fluorochrome Flow Cytometry

Immune cell characterization heavily relies on multicolor flow cytometry to identify subpopulations based on differential expression of surface markers. Setup of a classic multicolor panel requires high-end instruments, custom labeled antibodies, and careful study design to minimize spectral overlap. We developed a multiparametric analysis to identify major human immune populations (CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, &#947;&#948; T cells, B cells, NK cells and monocytes) in peripheral blood by combining seven lineage markers using only two fluorochromes. Our strategy is based on the observation that lineage markers are constantly expressed in a unique combination by each cell population. Combining this information with a careful titration of the antibodies allows investigators to record five additional markers, expanding the optical limit of most flow cytometers. Head-to-head comparison demonstrated that the vast majority of immune cell populations in peripheral blood can be characterized with comparable accuracy between our method and the classic &#34;one fluorochrome-one marker approach&#34;, although the latter is still more precise for identifying populations such as NKT cells and &#947;&#948; T cells. Combining seven markers using two fluorochromes allows for the analysis of complex immune cell populations and clinical samples on affordable 6-10 fluorochrome flow cytometers, and even on 2-3 fluorochrome field instruments in areas with limited resources. High-end instruments can also benefit from this approach by using extra fluorochromes to accomplish deeper flow cytometry analysis. This approach is also very well suited for screening several cell populations in the case of clinical samples with limited number of cells.

Here, we present a flow cytometric protocol to identify CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, &#947;&#948; T cells, B cells, NK cells and monocytes in human peripheral blood by using only two fluorochromes instead of seven. With this approach, five additional markers can be recorded on most flow cytometers.

Discriminación de siete subconjuntos de células inmunes por dos fluorocromo citometría de flujo

Immune cell characterization heavily relies on multicolor flow cytometry to identify subpopulations based on differential expression of surface markers. ...

Preparation of Whole Bone Marrow for Mass Cytometry Analysis of Neutrophil-lineage Cells

In this article, we present a protocol that is optimized to preserve neutrophil-lineage cells in fresh BM for whole BM CyTOF analysis. We utilized a myeloid-biased 39-antibody CyTOF panel to evaluate the hematopoietic system with a focus on the neutrophil-lineage cells by using this protocol. The CyTOF result was analyzed with an open-resource dimensional reduction algorithm, viSNE, and the data was presented to demonstrate the outcome of this protocol. We have discovered new neutrophil-lineage cell populations based on this protocol. This protocol of fresh whole BM preparation may be used for 1), CyTOF analysis to discover unidentified cell populations from whole BM, 2), investigating whole BM defects for patients with blood disorders such as leukemia, 3), assisting optimization of fluorescence-activated flow cytometry protocols that utilize fresh whole BM.

Here, we present a protocol to process fresh bone marrow (BM) isolated from mouse or human for high-dimensional mass cytometry (Cytometry by Time-Of-Flight, CyTOF) analysis of neutrophil-lineage cells.

Preparación de la médula ósea entera para el análisis de citometría de masa de células de linaje neutrófilo

In this article, we present a protocol that is optimized to preserve neutrophil-lineage cells in fresh BM for whole BM CyTOF analysis. We utilized a ...