La financiación de la publicación es proporcionada por Cerus Corp, fabricante del sistema sanguíneo INTERCEPT.

<ol>
	<li>. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=.">.</a> Guide to the preparation, use and quality assurance of blood components. , (2010).</li><li>Van Rhenen, D. J., Vermeij, J., Mayaudon, V., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Functional+characteristics+of+S-59+photochemically+treated+platelet+concentrates+derived+from+buffy+coats.">Functional characteristics of S-59 photochemically treated platelet concentrates derived from buffy coats.</a> Vox Sang. 79, 206-214 (2000).</li><li>Wollowitz, S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Targeting+DNA+and+RNA+in+pathogens:+mode+of+action+of+amotosalen+HCl.">Targeting DNA and RNA in pathogens: mode of action of amotosalen HCl.</a> Transfus. Med. Rev. 31, 11-16 (2004).</li><li>Irsch, J., Lin, L. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Pathogen+Inactivation+of+Platelet+and+Plasma+Blood+Components+for+Transfusion+Using+the+INTERCEPT+Blood+SystemTM.">Pathogen Inactivation of Platelet and Plasma Blood Components for Transfusion Using the INTERCEPT Blood SystemTM.</a> Transfus. Med. Hemother. 38, (2011).</li><li>Lin, L., Dikeman, R., Molini, B., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Photochemical+treatment+of+platelet+concentrates+with+amotosalen+and+long-wavelength+ultraviolet+light+inactivates+a+broad+spectrum+of+pathogenic+bacteria.">Photochemical treatment of platelet concentrates with amotosalen and long-wavelength ultraviolet light inactivates a broad spectrum of pathogenic bacteria.</a> Transfusion. 44, 1496-1504 (2004).</li><li>Lin, L., Hanson, C., Alter, H., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Inactivation+of+viruses+in+platelet+concentrates+by+photochemical+treatment+with+amotosalen+and+long-wavelength+ultraviolet+light.">Inactivation of viruses in platelet concentrates by photochemical treatment with amotosalen and long-wavelength ultraviolet light.</a> Transfusion. 45, 580-590 (2005).</li><li>Allain, J. P., Cianco, C., Blajchman, A., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Protecting+the+blood+supply+from+emerging+pathogens:+the+role+of+pathogen+inactivation.">Protecting the blood supply from emerging pathogens: the role of pathogen inactivation.</a> Transfus. Med. Rev. 19, 110-126 (2005).</li><li>Stramer, S., Hollinger, F., Katz, L., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Emerging+infectious+disease+agents+and+their+potential+threat+to+transfusion+safety.">Emerging infectious disease agents and their potential threat to transfusion safety.</a> Transfusion. 49, 1S-29S (2009).</li><li>Nussbaumer, W., Allesdorfer, D., Grabmer, C., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Prevention+of+transfusion+of+platelet+components+contaminated+with+low+levels+of+bacteria:+a+comparison+of+bacteria+culture+and+pathogen+inactivation+methods.">Prevention of transfusion of platelet components contaminated with low levels of bacteria: a comparison of bacteria culture and pathogen inactivation methods.</a> Transfusion. 47, 1125-1133 (2007).</li><li>Schlenke, P. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Protection+against+Transfusion-Associated+Graft-versus-Host+Disease+in+Blood+transfusion:+Is+Gamma-Irradiation+the+Only+Answer?+Transfus.">Protection against Transfusion-Associated Graft-versus-Host Disease in Blood transfusion: Is Gamma-Irradiation the Only Answer? Transfus.</a> Med. Hemother. 31, 24-31 (2004).</li><li>Lin, L., Corash, L., Osselear, J. C. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Protection+Against+TA-GVHD+Due+to+Platelet+Transfusion+By+Using+Pathogen+Inactivation+with+the+INTERCEPT+Blood+SystemTM+-+Gamma+Irradiation+is+Not+the+Only+Answer.">Protection Against TA-GVHD Due to Platelet Transfusion By Using Pathogen Inactivation with the INTERCEPT Blood SystemTM - Gamma Irradiation is Not the Only Answer.</a> Haematologica. 95 (Extra 1), 230-237 (2010).</li><li>Corash, L., Lin, L. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Novel+processes+for+inactivation+of+leukocytes+to+prevent+transfusion-associated+graft-verus-host+disease.">Novel processes for inactivation of leukocytes to prevent transfusion-associated graft-verus-host disease.</a> Bone Marrow Transplant. 33, 1-7 (2004).</li></ol>

La producción y el libre acceso a este artículo es patrocinado por Cerus.

Plaquetas de capa leucocitaria requerir varios pasos de procesamiento que dan como resultado costes posteriores a la recolección, incluyendo el tiempo del personal, consumibles, equipo, y de los residuos, que debe tenerse en cuenta en el costo total de producción de las unidades de plaquetas. Mejora de la producción de plaquetas de cada capa leucocitaria (a través de la optimización del volumen de la capa leucocitaria y hematocrito) permite la producción de una unidad de capa leucocitaria dosis doble de plaquetas de un grupo de siete capas leucocitarias. Cuando esta optimización se lleva a cabo, el número de capas leucocitarias requerida para producir un número fijo de dosis de plaquetas se puede reducir, mejorando así la utilización general de capas leucocitarias y permitiendo la producción de plaquetas adicional concentrados (PCs). Tiempo de personal, así como los costes de consumibles y equipos tales como juegos de puesta en común, solución aditiva de plaquetas, obleas estériles de conexión, equipos de filtrado y procedimientos de centrifugación se reducen hasta en un 50%. Además de optimizar la producción de plaquetas y reducir los costos asociados, this método de mezcla puede generar un concentrado de plaquetas (PC) que cumpla con el requisito de entrada para uso con el sistema de procesamiento INTERCEPT dual de almacenamiento de contenedores, lo que nos permite proporcionar una mayor protección a los receptores de transfusiones nuestros también. El sistema sanguíneo INTERCEPT para la inactivación de patógenos utiliza amotosaleno y luz ultravioleta A (UVA) para la reticulación covalente de ADN y ARN, evitando la replicación del ácido nucleico y patógenos de renderizado que no pueden causar la enfermedad. 3 Se inactiva eficazmente un amplio espectro de patógenos, incluyendo virus, bacterias , parásitos y contaminantes células blancas de la sangre de los donantes. 4-6 INTERCEPT proporciona una alternativa al paradigma actual de pruebas para patógenos emergentes, que históricamente implica un retraso sustancial, mientras que una nueva prueba se desarrolla y, finalmente, requiere una inversión financiera significativa para poner en práctica cuando una prueba esté disponible. 7,8 También puede proporcionar una alternativa a la seguridad redundante medires tales como la detección de bacterias y 9 irradiación gamma. 10-12 Además, INTERCEPT nos permite tratar a unidades de doble dosis de plaquetas que beneficia a nuestra eficiencia de producción y nos ayuda a cumplir nuestros presupuestos. INTERCEPT y la dosis doble capa leucocitaria método se puede adaptar a una variedad de flujos de trabajo del centro de la sangre. Como ejemplos, las colecciones de sangre entera puede ser aumentado a 500 ml; colecciones también pueden ser almacenados durante una noche a 22 ° C antes de la separación. Además, a un sustituto de capa leucocitaria método de mezcla es posible (por ejemplo, un método de pulpo en lugar de un método de tren) y / o un dispositivo automatizado (por ejemplo Tacsi) puede ser utilizado para la segunda centrifugación y separación de la suspensión de plaquetas de los glóbulos rojos restantes . Si el contenido de plaquetas se necesita mayor, se dispone de varias técnicas incluyendo la pre-selección de los donantes según el recuento de plaquetas, la incubación durante la noche de la sangre entera, adjustamento de ajustes de centrifugación, o la utilización de una piscina de 8 buffy abrigos en lugar de 7. Debido a la limitación de la agrupación establece actualmente disponible y la capacidad de los cubos de centrífuga, el volumen total de la capa leucocitaria de la piscina debe ser de aproximadamente 600 ml. El proceso de centrifugación y ajustes descritos en este protocolo ha sido optimizado para obtener un producto que cumpla con los parámetros de intercepción para un grupo de 7 buffy abrigos. Los ajustes de centrifugación debe ser modificado si el número de capas leucocitarias en la piscina se modifica. En algunos países, la dosis de plaquetas mínimo es más alto y los requisitos de control de calidad son más estrictos que en Suecia. Por lo tanto, nuestros resultados pueden no ser de aplicación universal. En estos países, el PC doble dosis antes del tratamiento INTERCEPT deberá contener un mayor número de plaquetas con el fin de satisfacer las necesidades locales después del tratamiento INTERCEPT y división. Debido a que el contenido máximo de plaquetas y el tratamiento volumen for INTERCEPT son 7x10 11 plaquetas y 420 ml, respectivamente, el porcentaje de unidades que excedan de los requisitos de procesamiento de interceptar o tener un contenido insuficiente de plaquetas a ser dividido en dos dosis terapéuticas, variará dependiendo de factores tales como los requisitos locales para la dosis de plaquetas, los criterios de control de calidad, buffy resultados capa de optimización, y la estabilidad de producción. Si un PC dosis doble supera los requisitos de procesamiento de interceptar, se puede ajustar manualmente para cumplir con los requisitos y tratado posteriormente. En las pocas ocasiones en que la piscina capa 7-buffy rendimientos suficientes plaquetas de un producto de doble dosis después de intercepción, se opta por no realizar el tratamiento INTERCEPT. Alternativamente, otros centros de sangre puede decidir tratar el PC con un sistema de procesamiento INTERCEPT dosis única (es decir, el conjunto de gran volumen) y almacenar el PC como una sola dosis grande terapéutica, realizando de esta manera la inactivación de patógenos en todas las unidades. Con el fin de garantizar la satisfacción de nuestrosRequisitos de control de calidad y para inactivar patógenos como muchas de nuestras unidades de plaquetas como sea posible, seleccionamos buffy abrigos basadas en los recuentos de plaquetas de donantes, los cuales, cuando se agruparon, se traducirá en un contenido mínimo de plaquetas de 5.6x10 11 plaquetas en la piscina. Esto asegura que el contenido de plaquetas suficientes para producir dos dosis terapéuticas después del tratamiento INTERCEPT. Nuestro validación demuestra que 7 unidades derivadas de sangre entera capa leucocitaria puede ser exitosamente agruparon y se trató con el proceso INTERCEPT para plaquetas, resultando en 2 productos plaquetarios patógenos inactivados que cumplen con los criterios de aceptación para la fabricación (requisitos suecas y las directrices europeas) y para el apoyo de los pacientes que requiere transfusiones de plaquetas de acuerdo con las guías de práctica clínica y los métodos estándar de infusión de plaquetas en Suecia.

<table border="1">
	<tbody>
		<tr>
			<td>Material / Equipment</td>
			<td>Company</td>
			<td>Catalogue Number</td>
			<td>Comments</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>&nbsp;</td>
			<td>&nbsp;</td>
			<td>&nbsp;</td>
			<td>Whole blood donation, primary separation, and platelet production</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Blood collection pack</td>
			<td>Fenwal</td>
			<td>R6485</td>
			<td>Top/Bottom set</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Automated component extractor</td>
			<td>Fenwal</td>
			<td>Optipress-II</td>
			<td>&nbsp;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Blood mixer and balance system</td>
			<td>Baxter</td>
			<td>Easymix V3</td>
			<td>&nbsp;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Platelet leukocyte filtration set</td>
			<td>Fenwal</td>
			<td>K4R7042</td>
			<td>&nbsp;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Centrifuge</td>
			<td>Hettich</td>
			<td>Roto Silenta 63 RS</td>
			<td>Version 5.5</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Platelet additive solution - SSP+</td>
			<td>MacoPharma</td>
			<td>SSP2030U</td>
			<td>300 ml</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Sterile tubing welder</td>
			<td>Terumo</td>
			<td>T-SCD</td>
			<td>&nbsp;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>&nbsp;</td>
			<td>&nbsp;</td>
			<td>&nbsp;</td>
			<td>INTERCEPT treatment &amp; storage</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>INTERCEPT processing set</td>
			<td>Cerus</td>
			<td>INT2503</td>
			<td>Dual Storage (DS) set</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>INTERCEPT Illuminator</td>
			<td>Cerus</td>
			<td>INT100</td>
			<td>&nbsp;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>PC sample pack</td>
			<td>Fenwal</td>
			<td>FTX 1122</td>
			<td>&nbsp;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Incubator</td>
			<td>Helmer</td>
			<td>PC2200/PC3200</td>
			<td>&nbsp;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Agitator</td>
			<td>Helmer</td>
			<td>PF48H/PF96H</td>
			<td>&nbsp;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>&nbsp;</td>
			<td>&nbsp;</td>
			<td>&nbsp;</td>
			<td>Evaluation of in vitro Platelet Function</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Blood gas analyzer</td>
			<td>Radiometer</td>
			<td>ABL 735</td>
			<td>Used for pH, blood gases, and lactate measurement</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Chemistry system</td>
			<td>Ortho Clinical Diagnostic</td>
			<td>Vitros 5.1</td>
			<td>Used for glucose measurement</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Hematology analyzer</td>
			<td>Boule Medical AB</td>
			<td>Medonic CA620-Cellguard</td>
			<td>Used for platelet count measurement</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Flow cytometer</td>
			<td>BD</td>
			<td>FACSCanto</td>
			<td>Used for white blood cell measurement</td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

preparation and pathogen inactivation of double dose buffy coat platelet products using the intercept blood system

Los centros de sangre se enfrentan a muchos desafíos, incluyendo el rendimiento al máximo la producción de las donaciones de sangre de productos que reciben, así como garantizar el mayor nivel posible de seguridad para los pacientes de transfusión, incluyendo protección contra las enfermedades de transmisión transfusión. Esto debe llevarse a cabo de una manera fiscalmente responsable que reduce al mínimo los gastos de funcionamiento, incluidos los consumibles, equipos, residuos y costes de personal, entre otros. Varios métodos están disponibles para producir concentrados de plaquetas para transfusión. Uno de los más comunes es el método de capa leucocitaria en el que se prepara una única unidad terapéutica de plaquetas (≥ 2,0 x10 11 plaquetas por unidad o por las normas locales) mediante la agrupación de la capa de leucocitos de hasta seis donaciones de sangre completa. Un procedimiento para la producción de &quot;doble dosis&quot; plaquetas de sangre entera derivados sólo recientemente ha sido desarrollado. Se presenta aquí un nuevo método para preparardoble dosis de plaquetas en sangre total concentrados derivados de las piscinas de 7 buffy abrigos y posteriormente tratar las unidades de dosis dobles con el sistema sanguíneo INTERCEPT para la inactivación de patógenos. INTERCEPT fue desarrollado para inactivar virus, bacterias, parásitos y contaminación de las células donantes blancos que pueden estar presentes en la sangre donada. Vinculación intersección con el método de capa doble dosis buffy utilizando el procesamiento INTERCEPT Set con contenedores de almacenamiento dual (el &quot;set DS&quot;), permite a los bancos de sangre para el tratamiento de cada una de sus unidades de dosis dobles en un solo conjunto de procesamiento de inactivación de patógenos, lo que maximiza la seguridad del paciente minimizando los costos. La dosis doble capa leucocitaria método requiere menos capas leucocitarias y reduce el uso de consumibles hasta en un 50% (por ejemplo, conjuntos de puesta en común, sistema de filtros de solución aditiva de plaquetas, y obleas estériles de conexión) en comparación con la preparación y el tratamiento de unidades de dosis única capa leucocitaria de plaquetas . Otros ahorros de costos incluyen menos residuos, menos equipo mantenice, menores requisitos de energía, la reducción de tiempo de personal y un menor costo de recaudación en comparación con la técnica de aféresis.

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Preparation and Pathogen Inactivation of Double Dose Buffy Coat Platelet Products using the INTERCEPT Blood System at JoVE.com

Preparation and Pathogen Inactivation of Double Dose Buffy Coat Platelet Products using the INTERCEPT Blood System

En este artículo se describe el proceso utilizado por el Hospital Universitario de Örebro para producir dosis doble capa leucocitaria concentrados de plaquetas preparado a partir de donaciones de sangre entera y tratados con el sistema sanguíneo INTERCEPT para la inactivación de patógenos. La<em&gt; In vitro</emCalidad&gt; de las unidades de plaquetas finales se evaluó a lo largo de 7 días de almacenamiento.

Preparación e inactivación de patógenos de Double Dose productos plaquetarios capa leucocitaria usando el sistema sanguíneo INTERCEPT

Blood centers are faced with many challenges including maximizing production yield from the blood product donations they receive as well as ensuring the ...

preparation-pathogen-inactivation-double-dose-buffy-coat-platelet

Research

JoVE Journal

Medicine

28.5K vistas.  Örebro University Hospital. En este artículo se describe el proceso utilizado por el Hospital Universitario de Örebro para producir dosis doble capa leucocitaria concentrados de plaquetas preparado a partir de donaciones de sangre entera y tratados con el sistema sanguíneo INTERCEPT para la inactivación de patógenos. La In vitro de las unidades de plaquetas finales se evaluó a lo largo de 7 días de almacenamiento.

Video: Preparation and Pathogen Inactivation of Double Dose Buffy Coat Platelet Products using the INTERCEPT Blood System

Minimal Erythema Dose (MED) Testing

Ultraviolet radiation (UV) therapy is sometimes used as a treatment for various common skin conditions, including psoriasis, acne, and eczema. The dosage of UV light is prescribed according to an individual's skin sensitivity. Thus, to establish the proper dosage of UV light to administer to a patient, the patient is sometimes screened to determine a minimal erythema dose (MED), which is the amount of UV radiation that will produce minimal erythema (sunburn or redness caused by engorgement of capillaries) of an individual's skin within a few hours following exposure. This article describes how to conduct minimal erythema dose (MED) testing. There is currently no easy way to determine an appropriate UV dose for clinical or research purposes without conducting formal MED testing, requiring observation hours after testing, or informal trial and error testing with the risks of under- or over-dosing. However, some alternative methods are discussed.

Minimal Erythema Dose MED Testing

This article describes how to conduct minimal erythema dose (MED) testing in order to determine the lowest dose of ultraviolet radiation that will cause erythema (burning) when administered to an individual.

Dosis Pruebas Eritema Mínima (MED)

Ultraviolet radiation (UV) therapy is  sometimes used as a treatment for various common skin conditions, including  psoriasis, acne, and eczema. The ...

Investigación

Medicina

Permanent Cerebral Vessel Occlusion via Double Ligature and Transection

Stroke is a leading cause of death, disability, and socioeconomic loss worldwide. The majority of all strokes result from an interruption in blood flow (ischemia) 1. Middle cerebral artery (MCA) delivers a great majority of blood to the lateral surface of the cortex 2, is the most common site of human stroke 3, and ischemia within its territory can result in extensive dysfunction or death 1,4,5. Survivors of ischemic stroke often suffer loss or disruption of motor capabilities, sensory deficits, and infarct. In an effort to capture these key characteristics of stroke, and thereby develop effective treatment, a great deal of emphasis is placed upon animal models of ischemia in MCA.
Here we present a method of permanently occluding a cortical surface blood vessel. We will present this method using an example of a relevant vessel occlusion that models the most common type, location, and outcome of human stroke, permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion (pMCAO). In this model, we surgically expose MCA in the adult rat and subsequently occlude via double ligature and transection of the vessel. This pMCAO blocks the proximal cortical branch of MCA, causing ischemia in all of MCA cortical territory, a large portion of the cortex. This method of occlusion can also be used to occlude more distal portions of cortical vessels in order to achieve more focal ischemia targeting a smaller region of cortex. The primary disadvantages of pMCAO are that the surgical procedure is somewhat invasive as a small craniotomy is required to access MCA, though this results in minimal tissue damage. The primary advantages of this model, however, are: the site of occlusion is well defined, the degree of blood flow reduction is consistent, functional and neurological impairment occurs rapidly, infarct size is consistent, and the high rate of survival allows for long-term chronic assessment.

Permanent Cerebral Vessel Occlusion via Double Ligature and Transection

We describe a highly reproducible method for the permanent occlusion of a rodent major cerebral blood vessel. This technique can be accomplished with very little peripheral damage, minimal blood loss, a high rate of long-term survival, and consistent infarct volume commensurate with the human clinical population.

Permanente oclusión vascular cerebral<em&gt; Vía</em&gt; Ligadura doble y transección

Stroke is a leading cause of death, disability, and socioeconomic loss worldwide. The majority of all strokes result from an interruption in blood flow ...

Drug Repurposing Hypothesis Generation Using the "RE:fine Drugs" System

The promise of drug repurposing is that existing drugs may be used for new disease indications in order to curb the high costs and time for approval. The goal of computational methods for drug repurposing is to enable solutions for safer, cheaper and faster drug discovery. Towards this end, we developed a novel method that integrates genetic and clinical phenotype data from large-scale GWAS and PheWAS studies with detailed drug information on the concept of transitive Drug-Gene-Disease triads. We created "RE:fine Drugs," a freely available, interactive dashboard that automates gene, disease and drug-based searches to identify drug repurposing candidates. This web-based tool supports a user-friendly interface that includes an array of advanced search and export options. Results can be prioritized in a variety of ways, including but not limited to, biomedical literature support, strength and statistical significance of GWAS and/or PheWAS associations, disease indications and molecular drug targets. Here we provide a protocol that illustrates the functionalities available in the "RE:fine Drugs" system and explores the different advanced options through a case study.

Drug Repurposing Hypothesis Generation Using the &quot;RE:fine Drugs&quot; System

Here we describe a protocol using the web-based drug repurposing hypothesis generation tool: "RE:fine Drugs." This protocol can be modified to a user's preferences at the level of the query type (gene, drug or disease) and/or the range of available advanced options.

Reutilización de drogas Hipótesis Generación Usando el &quot;RE: Drogas finas&quot; Sistema

The promise of drug repurposing is that existing drugs may be used for new disease indications in order to curb the high costs and time for approval. The ...

Turbidimetry on Human Washed Platelets: The Effect of the Pannexin1-inhibitor Brilliant Blue FCF on Collagen-induced Aggregation

Turbidimetry is a laboratory technique that is applied to measure the aggregation of platelets suspended in either plasma (platelet-rich plasma, PRP) or in buffer (washed platelets), by the use of one or a combination of agonists. The use of washed platelets separated from their plasma environment and in the absence of anticoagulants allows for studying intrinsic platelet properties. Among the large panel of agonists, arachidonic acid (AA), adenosine di-phosphate (ADP), thrombin and collagen are the most frequently used. The aggregation response is quantified by measuring the relative optical density (OD) over time of platelet suspension under continuous stirring. Platelets in homogeneous suspension limit the passage of light after the addition of an agonist, platelet shape change occurs producing a small transitory increase in OD. Following this initial activation step, platelet clots form gradually, allowing the passage of light through the suspension as a result of decreased OD. The aggregation process is ultimately expressed as a percentage, compared to the OD of platelet-poor plasma or buffer. Rigorous calibration is thus essential at the beginning of each experiment. As a general rule: calibration to 0% is set by measuring the OD of a non-stimulated platelet suspension while measuring the OD of the suspension medium containing no platelets represents a value of 100%. Platelet aggregation is generally visualized as a real-time aggregation curve. Turbidimetry is one of the most commonly used laboratory techniques for the investigation of platelet function and is considered as the historical gold standard and used for the development of new pharmaceutical agents aimed at inhibiting platelet aggregation. Here, we describe detailed protocols for 1) preparation of human washed platelets and 2) turbidimetric analysis of collagen-induced aggregation of human washed platelets pretreated with the food dye Brilliant Blue FCF that was recently identified as an inhibitor of Pannexin1 (Panx1) channels.

We describe a straightforward method for the isolation of washed platelets from human blood followed by agonist-induced platelet aggregation measurements by turbidimetry. As an example we apply this method for studying the aggregation response of human platelets to collagen after a pre-incubation with the Pannexin1 channel inhibitor Brilliant Blue FCF.

Turbidimetría en plaquetas humanas lavadas: El efecto de la Pannexin1-inhibidor de azul brillante FCF sobre la agregación inducida por colágeno

Turbidimetry is a laboratory technique that is applied to measure the aggregation of platelets suspended in either plasma (platelet-rich plasma, PRP) or ...

Routine Screening Method for Microparticles in Platelet Transfusions

Platelet inventory management based on screening microparticle content in platelet concentrates is a new quality improvement initiative for hospital blood banks. Cells fragment off microparticles (MP) when they are stressed. Blood and blood components may contain cellular fragments from a variety of cells, most notably from activated platelets. When performing their roles as innate immune cells and major players in coagulation and hemostasis, platelets change shape and generate microparticles. With dynamic light scattering (DLS)-based microparticle detection, it is possible to differentiate activated (high microparticle) from non-activated (low microparticle) platelets in transfusions, and optimize the use of this scarce blood product. Previous research suggests that providing non-activated platelets for prophylactic use in hematology-oncology patients could reduce their risk of becoming refractory and improve patient care. The goal of this screening method is to routinely differentiate activated from non-activated platelets. The method described here outlines the steps to be performed for routine platelet inventory management in a hospital blood bank: obtaining a sample from a platelet transfusion, loading the sample into the capillary for DLS measurement, performing the DLS test to identify microparticles, and using the reported microparticle content to identify activated platelets.

Platelet inventory management based on screening microparticle content in platelet concentrates is a new quality improvement initiative in hospital blood banks. The goal is to differentiate activated from non-activated platelets to optimize the use of platelets. Providing non-activated platelets to hematology-oncology patients might reduce their high risk to become refractory.

Rutina de detección del método de micropartículas en las transfusiones de plaquetas

Platelet inventory management based on screening microparticle content in platelet concentrates is a new quality improvement initiative for hospital blood ...

Preparation, Procedures and Evaluation of Platelet-Rich Plasma Injection in the Treatment of Knee Osteoarthritis

Knee osteoarthritis (KOA) is one of the most frequently encountered diseases in the orthopedic department. Existing non-surgical treatments have a limited effect on the repair of cartilage and on bone regeneration. Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) is an autologous bioactive substance that can repair cartilage injury and accelerate bone regeneration effectively. However, reporting of PRP preparation protocols in clinical studies is highly inconsistent, with the majority of studies providing insufficient information to allow the protocol to be reproduced. We describe a repeatable method of preparing PRP visually, the treatment of KOA using PRP intra-articular injection, and methods of evaluating the outcome. PRP was prepared using manual double centrifugation. The PRP layer was extracted from peripheral blood and used for knee joint cavity injection. Evaluations included assessments of blood platelet concentrations and clinical outcomes. Preparation of PRP by manual centrifugation requires less apparatus and is less costly than plasma filtration or centrifugation using equipment. The centrifugation time of our double centrifugation method was 6 and 5 minutes for the respective centrifugations at forces of 800 and 1400 x g, respectively, to allow for the consistent preparation of standardized PRP. However, a manual method is susceptible to operator error, and PRP batch preparation is not available. Intra-articular injection of PRP proved to be an effective treatment for knee osteoarthritis. The entire treatment procedure took less than 30 minutes, the blood platelet concentration of PRP could be standardized, and treatment was proven to be effective when evaluated by follow-up.

Knee osteoarthritis is frequently seen in the orthopedic department. We introduce in detail the entire knee osteoarthritis treatment process with platelet-rich plasma injection, including preparation, procedures, and evaluation.

Preparación, procedimientos y evaluación de la inyección de Plasma rico en plaquetas en el tratamiento de la osteoartritis de la rodilla

Knee osteoarthritis (KOA) is one of the most frequently encountered diseases in the orthopedic department. Existing non-surgical treatments have a limited ...

An In Vivo Method for Evaluating the Gut-Blood Barrier and Liver Metabolism of Microbiota Products

The gut-blood barrier (GBB) controls the passage of nutrients, bacterial metabolites and drugs from intestinal lumen to the bloodstream. The GBB integrity is disturbed in gastrointestinal, cardiovascular and metabolic diseases, which may result in easier access of biologically active compounds, such as gut bacterial metabolites, to the bloodstream. Thus, the permeability of the GBB may be a marker of both intestinal and extraintestinal diseases. Furthermore, the increased penetration of bacterial metabolites may affect the functioning of the entire organism.
Commonly used methods for studying the GBB permeability are performed ex vivo. The accuracy of those methods is limited, because the functioning of the GBB depends on intestinal blood flow. On the other hand, commonly used in vivo methods may be biased by liver and kidney performance, as those methods are based on evaluation of urine or/and peripheral blood concentrations of exogenous markers. Here, we present a direct measurement of GBB permeability in rats using an in vivo method based on portal blood sampling, which preserves intestinal blood flow and is virtually not affected by the liver and kidney function. 
Polyurethane catheters are inserted into the portal vein and inferior vena cava just above the hepatic veins confluence. Blood is sampled at baseline and after administration of a selected marker into a desired part of the gastrointestinal tract. Here, we present several applications of the method including (1) evaluation of the colon permeability to TMA, a gut bacterial metabolite, (2) evaluation of liver clearance of TMA, and (3) evaluation of a gut-portal blood-liver-peripheral blood pathway of gut bacteria-derived short-chain fatty acids. Furthermore, the protocol may also be used for tracking intestinal absorption and liver metabolism of drugs or for measurements of portal blood pressure.

An In Vivo Method for Evaluating the Gut-Blood Barrier and Liver Metabolism of Microbiota Products

The access of nutrients, microbiota metabolites and medicines to the circulation is controlled by the gut-blood barrier (GBB). We describe a direct method for measuring the GBB permeability in vivo, which, in contrast to commonly used indirect methods, is virtually not affected by liver and kidney functions.

Un método In Vivo para evaluar la barrera intestinal-sangre y hígado metabolismo de la Microbiota de productos

The gut-blood barrier (GBB) controls the passage of nutrients, bacterial metabolites and drugs from intestinal lumen to the bloodstream. The GBB integrity ...

Platelet-based Detection of Nitric Oxide in Blood by Measuring VASP Phosphorylation

Platelets are the blood components responsible for proper blood clotting. Their function is highly regulated by various pathways. One of the most potent vasoactive agents, nitric oxide (NO), can also act as a powerful inhibitor of platelet aggregation. Direct NO detection in blood is very challenging due to its high reactivity with cell-free hemoglobin that limits NO half-life to the millisecond range. Currently, NO changes after interventions are only estimated based on measured changes of nitrite and nitrate (members of the nitrate-nitrite-NO metabolic pathway). However precise, these measurements are rather difficult to interpret vis a vis actual NO changes, due to the naturally high baseline nitrite and nitrate levels that are several orders of magnitude higher than expected changes of NO itself. Therefore, the development of direct and simple methods that would allow one to detect NO directly is long overdue. This protocol addresses a potential use of platelets as a highly sensitive NO sensor in blood. It describes initial platelet rich plasma (PRP) and washed platelet preparations and the use of nitrite and deoxygenated red blood cells as NO generators. Phosphorylation of VASP at serine 239 (P-VASPSer239) is used to detect the presence of NO. The fact that VASP protein is highly expressed in platelets and that it is rapidly phosphorylated when NO is present leads to a unique opportunity to use this pathway to directly detect NO presence in blood.

Here, we present a protocol to address the potential use of platelets as a highly sensitive nitric oxide sensor in blood. It describes initial platelet preparation and the use of nitrite and deoxygenated red blood cells as nitric oxide generators.

Detección basada en plaquetas de óxido nítrico en sangre mediante la medición de VASP fosforilación

Platelets are the blood components responsible for proper blood clotting. Their function is highly regulated by various pathways. One of the most potent ...

Measuring the Effects of Bacteria and Chemicals on the Intestinal Permeability of Caenorhabditis elegans

In living organisms, intestinal hyperpermeability is a serious symptom that leads to many inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs). Caenorhabditis elegans is a nonmammalian animal model that is widely used as an assay system due to its short lifespan, transparency, cost-effectiveness, and lack of animal ethics issues. In this study, a method was developed to investigate the effects of different bacteria and 3,3'-diindolylmethane (DIM) on the intestinal permeability of C. elegans with a high-throughput image analysis system. The worms were infected with different gut bacteria or cotreated with DIM for 48 h and fed with fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-dextran overnight. Then, the intestinal permeability was examined by comparing the fluorescence images and the fluorescence intensity inside the worm bodies. This method may also have the potential to identify probiotic and pathogenic intestinal bacteria that affect intestinal permeability in the animal model and is effective for examining the effects of harmful or health-promoting chemicals on intestinal permeability and intestinal health. However, this protocol also has some considerable limitations at the genetic level, especially for determining which genes are altered to control illness, because this method is mostly used for phenotypic determination. In addition, this method is limited to determining exactly which pathogenic substrates cause inflammation or increase the permeability of the worms' intestines during infection. Therefore, further in-depth studies, including investigation of the molecular genetic mechanism using mutant bacteria and nematodes as well as chemical component analysis of bacteria, are required to fully evaluate the function of bacteria and chemicals in determining intestinal permeability.

Measuring the Effects of Bacteria and Chemicals on the Intestinal Permeability of Caenorhabditis elegans

This protocol describes how to measure intestinal permeability of Caenorhabditis elegans. This method is helpful for basic biological research on intestinal health related to the interaction between intestinal bacteria and their host and for screening to identify probiotic and chemical agents to cure leaky gut syndrome and inflammatory bowel diseases.

Medición de los efectos de las bacterias y los productos químicos en la permeabilidad intestinal de los ceganes

In living organisms, intestinal hyperpermeability is a serious symptom that leads to many inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs). Caenorhabditis elegans is a ...

Laminectomy for the Removal of Thoracic Ossification of the Ligamentum Flavum (TOLF) Using Ultrasonic and Conventional Osteotomes

Thoracic ossification of the ligamentum flavum (TOLF) is a common cause of progressive thoracic myelopathy. TOLF is typically treated with surgical decompression. A variety of surgical techniques, including laminoplasty, laminectomy, and lamina fenestration, are used for the effective treatment of TOLF. However, traditional methods are associated with a substantial risk of perioperative complications, including dural laceration and/or iatrogenic spinal cord injury. Therefore, it is important to develop an efficient and secure surgical technique for TOLF. Herein, we describe a method for laminectomyperformed at the thoracic spine using an ultrasonic osteotome combined with a conventional osteotome. This technique can reduce intraoperative complications. This is a relatively safe and easy-to-learn method that should be recommended for the treatment of TOLF.

Laminectomy for the Removal of Thoracic Ossification of the Ligamentum Flavum TOLF Using Ultrasonic and Conventional Osteotomes

We present a methodology for using an ultrasonic osteotome combined with a conventional osteotome for laminectomy in thoracic ossification of the ligamentum flavum. This is a relatively safe and easy-to-learn method that avoids the perioperative complications associated with the conventional method.

Laminectomía para la eliminación de la osificación torácica del ligamento flavum (TOLF) utilizando osteotomos ultrasónicos y convencionales

Thoracic ossification of the ligamentum flavum (TOLF) is a common cause of progressive thoracic myelopathy. TOLF is typically treated with surgical ...