公開のための資金は、シーラス社、INTERCEPT、血液系の製造業者によって提供されています。

<ol>
	<li>. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=.">.</a> Guide to the preparation, use and quality assurance of blood components. , (2010).</li><li>Van Rhenen, D. J., Vermeij, J., Mayaudon, V., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Functional+characteristics+of+S-59+photochemically+treated+platelet+concentrates+derived+from+buffy+coats.">Functional characteristics of S-59 photochemically treated platelet concentrates derived from buffy coats.</a> Vox Sang. 79, 206-214 (2000).</li><li>Wollowitz, S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Targeting+DNA+and+RNA+in+pathogens:+mode+of+action+of+amotosalen+HCl.">Targeting DNA and RNA in pathogens: mode of action of amotosalen HCl.</a> Transfus. Med. Rev. 31, 11-16 (2004).</li><li>Irsch, J., Lin, L. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Pathogen+Inactivation+of+Platelet+and+Plasma+Blood+Components+for+Transfusion+Using+the+INTERCEPT+Blood+SystemTM.">Pathogen Inactivation of Platelet and Plasma Blood Components for Transfusion Using the INTERCEPT Blood SystemTM.</a> Transfus. Med. Hemother. 38, (2011).</li><li>Lin, L., Dikeman, R., Molini, B., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Photochemical+treatment+of+platelet+concentrates+with+amotosalen+and+long-wavelength+ultraviolet+light+inactivates+a+broad+spectrum+of+pathogenic+bacteria.">Photochemical treatment of platelet concentrates with amotosalen and long-wavelength ultraviolet light inactivates a broad spectrum of pathogenic bacteria.</a> Transfusion. 44, 1496-1504 (2004).</li><li>Lin, L., Hanson, C., Alter, H., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Inactivation+of+viruses+in+platelet+concentrates+by+photochemical+treatment+with+amotosalen+and+long-wavelength+ultraviolet+light.">Inactivation of viruses in platelet concentrates by photochemical treatment with amotosalen and long-wavelength ultraviolet light.</a> Transfusion. 45, 580-590 (2005).</li><li>Allain, J. P., Cianco, C., Blajchman, A., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Protecting+the+blood+supply+from+emerging+pathogens:+the+role+of+pathogen+inactivation.">Protecting the blood supply from emerging pathogens: the role of pathogen inactivation.</a> Transfus. Med. Rev. 19, 110-126 (2005).</li><li>Stramer, S., Hollinger, F., Katz, L., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Emerging+infectious+disease+agents+and+their+potential+threat+to+transfusion+safety.">Emerging infectious disease agents and their potential threat to transfusion safety.</a> Transfusion. 49, 1S-29S (2009).</li><li>Nussbaumer, W., Allesdorfer, D., Grabmer, C., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Prevention+of+transfusion+of+platelet+components+contaminated+with+low+levels+of+bacteria:+a+comparison+of+bacteria+culture+and+pathogen+inactivation+methods.">Prevention of transfusion of platelet components contaminated with low levels of bacteria: a comparison of bacteria culture and pathogen inactivation methods.</a> Transfusion. 47, 1125-1133 (2007).</li><li>Schlenke, P. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Protection+against+Transfusion-Associated+Graft-versus-Host+Disease+in+Blood+transfusion:+Is+Gamma-Irradiation+the+Only+Answer?+Transfus.">Protection against Transfusion-Associated Graft-versus-Host Disease in Blood transfusion: Is Gamma-Irradiation the Only Answer? Transfus.</a> Med. Hemother. 31, 24-31 (2004).</li><li>Lin, L., Corash, L., Osselear, J. C. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Protection+Against+TA-GVHD+Due+to+Platelet+Transfusion+By+Using+Pathogen+Inactivation+with+the+INTERCEPT+Blood+SystemTM+-+Gamma+Irradiation+is+Not+the+Only+Answer.">Protection Against TA-GVHD Due to Platelet Transfusion By Using Pathogen Inactivation with the INTERCEPT Blood SystemTM - Gamma Irradiation is Not the Only Answer.</a> Haematologica. 95 (Extra 1), 230-237 (2010).</li><li>Corash, L., Lin, L. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Novel+processes+for+inactivation+of+leukocytes+to+prevent+transfusion-associated+graft-verus-host+disease.">Novel processes for inactivation of leukocytes to prevent transfusion-associated graft-verus-host disease.</a> Bone Marrow Transplant. 33, 1-7 (2004).</li></ol>

この記事への生産とフリーアクセスはシーラスが主催しています。

軟膜の血小板は、人事時間、消耗品、機器、および血小板のユニットを生産するコスト全体に組み込む必要があり、廃棄物、を含むポスト回収費用、その結果、いくつかの処理工程を必要とします。各バフィーコート（バフィーコート量とヘマトクリット値の最適化を介して）から血小板収量を向上させることが7軟膜のプールから二重線量軟膜血小板ユニットを製造することができる。この最適化が実行されると、血小板用量の固定番号を生成するために必要な軟膜の数は、それによって、軟膜の全体的な利用率を改善し、（PC）を集中して、追加の血小板の生産を可能にする、減少させることができる。人事時間だけでなく、セット、血小板添加溶液、無菌接続ウェーハ、フィルターセット、遠心分離の手続きをプールするなどの消耗品や機器のコストを50％まで削減されます。血小板産生を最適化し、コストを削減することに加えて、THIのプーリング法は、私たちだけでなく、私たちの輸血の受信者向けに強化された保護を提供できるように、INTERCEPT、デュアルストレージコンテナの処理セットを使用するための入力要件を満たして濃厚血小板（PC）を生成することができます。 INTERCEPT血液系病原体の不活性化は、病気を引き起こすことができません核酸複製およびレンダリングする病原体を防ぐこと、共有結合架橋DNAとRNAにamotosalenおよび紫外線（UVA）光を使用するため。3それが効果的にウイルス、細菌を含めた病原体の広いスペクトルを不活性化する、寄生虫、およびドナー白血球を混入4-6 INTERCEPT新しいテストを開発し、最終的に試験実施するための重要な財政投資を必要としている間に歴史的にかなりの遅れを伴う新興病原体のために、現在のテストのパラダイムに代わるものを提供しています利用できるようになります。7,8は、それはまた、冗長安全measuに代わるものを提供することができますこのような細菌検出9およびガンマ線照射などでRES。さらに10月12日 、切片は、私たちの生産効率に利益をもたらし、私たちは私たちの予算に固執するのに役立ちダブル線量血小板ユニットを扱うことができます。 INTERCEPT、および二重線量軟膜法は血液センターのワークフローの様々に適応することができます。例としては、全血のコレクションは500ミリリットルに増やすことができ、コレクションも22℃で一晩保存することができる°C分離に先立って。また、代替軟膜プーリング法が可能である（ 例えば、タコのメソッドの代わりに鉄道法）および/ ​​または自動装置（ 例えば TACSI）残りの赤血球から第2の遠心分離及び血小板懸濁液の分離のために利用することができる。 増加血小板コンテンツが必要な場合には、いくつかの技術は、血小板数、全血で一晩インキュベーションし、adjusに基づいてドナーの事前選択を含むご利用いただけます遠心分離の設定のtment、または7の代わりに8軟膜のプールを利用する。 プーリングの制限により、現在利用可能な、遠心バケットの容量を設定し、軟膜プールの合計容量は約600ミリリットルである必要があります。このプロトコールに記載の遠心分離プロセスと設定は7軟膜のプールの切片パラメータを満たす製品を得るために最適化されています。プール内の軟膜の数が変更された場合に遠心分離の設定を変更する必要があります。 一部の国では、最小の血小板用量が高くなるとQC要件はスウェーデンよりもさらに厳しくなっています。このように、我々の結果は、普遍的に適用できない場合があります。これらの国では、治療をインターセプトする前に二重線量PCがインターセプト処理と分割後のローカルな要件を満たすために、血小板の数が多く入っていなければなりません。なぜなら最大血小板コンテンツや治療ボリュームFOR切片はそれぞれ7×10 11血小板と420ミリリットルであり、INTERCEPT処理の要件を超えているか、または2つの治療用量に分割するには不十分な血小板含有量を持っているユニットの割合は、例えば血小板投与量、品質管理基準の地域の要件などの要因によって異なります軟膜最適化の結果、生産の安定性。 二重線量PCはINTERCEPT処理要件を超える場合は、手動で要件を​​満たすように調整され、その後に扱われるかもしれません。 7-軟膜プールはINTERCEPT後の二重線量製品の不十分な血小板をもたらすそれらのいくつかの場面では、インターセプト処理を実行しないことを選択した。あるいは、他の血液センターでは、単回投与インターセプト処理セット（大ボリュームセットをIE）を搭載したPCを扱うことにより、すべてのユニットで病原体不活化を行う、単一の大きな治療用量としてPCを格納するために選択することができます。私達が私達を満たしていることを確認するために、QCの要件とする病原体、できるだけ私たちの血小板ユニットの多くのように、私たちは、プールされた場合は、プール内5.6x10 11血小板の最小血小板コンテンツになり、ドナー血小板数に基づいて、軟膜を選択して不活性化する。これは、インターセプト処理後の2つの治療用量を生成するために十分な血小板含有量を保証します。 私たちの検証では、7全血由来軟膜ユニットが正常に製造（スウェーデン要件と欧州のガイドライン）について、患者のサポートのための受け入れ基準を満たす2病原体不活化血小板製剤で、その結果、血小板の切片プロセスをプールし、治療することができることを示して診療ガイドラインとスウェーデンの標準血小板注入法に従って血小板輸血を必要とする。

<table border="1">
	<tbody>
		<tr>
			<td>Material / Equipment</td>
			<td>Company</td>
			<td>Catalogue Number</td>
			<td>Comments</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>&nbsp;</td>
			<td>&nbsp;</td>
			<td>&nbsp;</td>
			<td>Whole blood donation, primary separation, and platelet production</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Blood collection pack</td>
			<td>Fenwal</td>
			<td>R6485</td>
			<td>Top/Bottom set</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Automated component extractor</td>
			<td>Fenwal</td>
			<td>Optipress-II</td>
			<td>&nbsp;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Blood mixer and balance system</td>
			<td>Baxter</td>
			<td>Easymix V3</td>
			<td>&nbsp;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Platelet leukocyte filtration set</td>
			<td>Fenwal</td>
			<td>K4R7042</td>
			<td>&nbsp;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Centrifuge</td>
			<td>Hettich</td>
			<td>Roto Silenta 63 RS</td>
			<td>Version 5.5</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Platelet additive solution - SSP+</td>
			<td>MacoPharma</td>
			<td>SSP2030U</td>
			<td>300 ml</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Sterile tubing welder</td>
			<td>Terumo</td>
			<td>T-SCD</td>
			<td>&nbsp;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>&nbsp;</td>
			<td>&nbsp;</td>
			<td>&nbsp;</td>
			<td>INTERCEPT treatment &amp; storage</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>INTERCEPT processing set</td>
			<td>Cerus</td>
			<td>INT2503</td>
			<td>Dual Storage (DS) set</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>INTERCEPT Illuminator</td>
			<td>Cerus</td>
			<td>INT100</td>
			<td>&nbsp;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>PC sample pack</td>
			<td>Fenwal</td>
			<td>FTX 1122</td>
			<td>&nbsp;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Incubator</td>
			<td>Helmer</td>
			<td>PC2200/PC3200</td>
			<td>&nbsp;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Agitator</td>
			<td>Helmer</td>
			<td>PF48H/PF96H</td>
			<td>&nbsp;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>&nbsp;</td>
			<td>&nbsp;</td>
			<td>&nbsp;</td>
			<td>Evaluation of in vitro Platelet Function</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Blood gas analyzer</td>
			<td>Radiometer</td>
			<td>ABL 735</td>
			<td>Used for pH, blood gases, and lactate measurement</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Chemistry system</td>
			<td>Ortho Clinical Diagnostic</td>
			<td>Vitros 5.1</td>
			<td>Used for glucose measurement</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Hematology analyzer</td>
			<td>Boule Medical AB</td>
			<td>Medonic CA620-Cellguard</td>
			<td>Used for platelet count measurement</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Flow cytometer</td>
			<td>BD</td>
			<td>FACSCanto</td>
			<td>Used for white blood cell measurement</td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

preparation and pathogen inactivation of double dose buffy coat platelet products using the intercept blood system

血液センターは、最大化、生産、​​彼らが受ける血液製剤の寄付からの収量ならびに輸血感染症からの保護を含む輸血患者の安全を可能な限り高いレベルを確保することなど、多くの課題に直面しています。これは、消耗品、機器、廃棄物、とりわけ人件費などの営業費用を最小限に抑えることが財政的に責任ある方法で行われなければならない。 いくつかのメソッドは、血小板輸血のために集中を生成するために用意されています。最も一般的なものの1つは単一の治療血小板単位（単位当たり、各地域の規制あたり≥2.0×10 11血小板が）から最大6全献血へのバフィーコート層をプールすることにより調製される軟膜方法です。 &quot;二重線量&quot;全血由来血小板を製造するための手順は、ごく最近開発された。 ここに提示され調製するための新規な方法である二重線量全血由来血小板は7軟膜、その後病原体不活化の切片、血液系のダブル投与単位の治療のプールから集中している。インターセプトは、献血された血液中に存在しうるウイルス、細菌、寄生虫、汚染ドナー白血球を不活化するために開発されました。デュアルストレージコンテナ（ &quot;DSセット&quot;）で設定INTERCEPT処理を利用することによって、二重線量軟膜法とINTERCEPTペアリングすることにより、患者の安全性を最大限に、血液センターは、単一の病原体不活化処理セットで彼らの二重投与単位のそれぞれを扱うことができますコストを最小限に抑えながら。二重線量軟膜法は少ない軟膜を必要とし、単回投与軟膜血小板ユニットの準備や治療に比べて50％（ 例えばプーリングセット、フィルターセット、血小板添加溶液、および無菌接続ウェーハ）までで消耗品の使用を削減。その他のコスト削減は無駄の少ない機器maintenanを含めるCE、低所要電力、削減人員時間、アフェレーシス技術と比較して低コストのコレクション。

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Preparation and Pathogen Inactivation of Double Dose Buffy Coat Platelet Products using the INTERCEPT Blood System at JoVE.com

Preparation and Pathogen Inactivation of Double Dose Buffy Coat Platelet Products using the INTERCEPT Blood System

この記事では全献血から調製し、病原体不活化のためのインターセプト血液システムで処理された二重線量軟膜の血小板濃縮物を生産するエーレブルー大学病院で使用されるプロセスを説明します。ザ<em&gt; in vitroで</em最終血小板ユニットの&gt;質は、ストレージの7日間で評価されます。

準備とINTERCEPT血液系を使用してDouble線量バフィーコート血小板製剤の病原体不活化

Blood centers are faced with many challenges including maximizing production yield from the blood product donations they receive as well as ensuring the ...

preparation-pathogen-inactivation-double-dose-buffy-coat-platelet

Research

JoVE Journal

Medicine

28.5K ビュー.  Örebro University Hospital. この記事では全献血から調製し、病原体不活化のためのインターセプト血液システムで処理された二重線量軟膜の血小板濃縮物を生産するエーレブルー大学病院で使用されるプロセスを説明します。ザ in vitroで質は、ストレージの7日間で評価されます。

ビデオ: Preparation and Pathogen Inactivation of Double Dose Buffy Coat Platelet Products using the INTERCEPT Blood System

Minimal Erythema Dose (MED) Testing

Ultraviolet radiation (UV) therapy is sometimes used as a treatment for various common skin conditions, including psoriasis, acne, and eczema. The dosage of UV light is prescribed according to an individual's skin sensitivity. Thus, to establish the proper dosage of UV light to administer to a patient, the patient is sometimes screened to determine a minimal erythema dose (MED), which is the amount of UV radiation that will produce minimal erythema (sunburn or redness caused by engorgement of capillaries) of an individual's skin within a few hours following exposure. This article describes how to conduct minimal erythema dose (MED) testing. There is currently no easy way to determine an appropriate UV dose for clinical or research purposes without conducting formal MED testing, requiring observation hours after testing, or informal trial and error testing with the risks of under- or over-dosing. However, some alternative methods are discussed.

Minimal Erythema Dose MED Testing

This article describes how to conduct minimal erythema dose (MED) testing in order to determine the lowest dose of ultraviolet radiation that will cause erythema (burning) when administered to an individual.

最小紅斑量（MED）試験

Ultraviolet radiation (UV) therapy is  sometimes used as a treatment for various common skin conditions, including  psoriasis, acne, and eczema. The ...

医学

Permanent Cerebral Vessel Occlusion via Double Ligature and Transection

Stroke is a leading cause of death, disability, and socioeconomic loss worldwide. The majority of all strokes result from an interruption in blood flow (ischemia) 1. Middle cerebral artery (MCA) delivers a great majority of blood to the lateral surface of the cortex 2, is the most common site of human stroke 3, and ischemia within its territory can result in extensive dysfunction or death 1,4,5. Survivors of ischemic stroke often suffer loss or disruption of motor capabilities, sensory deficits, and infarct. In an effort to capture these key characteristics of stroke, and thereby develop effective treatment, a great deal of emphasis is placed upon animal models of ischemia in MCA.
Here we present a method of permanently occluding a cortical surface blood vessel. We will present this method using an example of a relevant vessel occlusion that models the most common type, location, and outcome of human stroke, permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion (pMCAO). In this model, we surgically expose MCA in the adult rat and subsequently occlude via double ligature and transection of the vessel. This pMCAO blocks the proximal cortical branch of MCA, causing ischemia in all of MCA cortical territory, a large portion of the cortex. This method of occlusion can also be used to occlude more distal portions of cortical vessels in order to achieve more focal ischemia targeting a smaller region of cortex. The primary disadvantages of pMCAO are that the surgical procedure is somewhat invasive as a small craniotomy is required to access MCA, though this results in minimal tissue damage. The primary advantages of this model, however, are: the site of occlusion is well defined, the degree of blood flow reduction is consistent, functional and neurological impairment occurs rapidly, infarct size is consistent, and the high rate of survival allows for long-term chronic assessment.

Permanent Cerebral Vessel Occlusion via Double Ligature and Transection

We describe a highly reproducible method for the permanent occlusion of a rodent major cerebral blood vessel. This technique can be accomplished with very little peripheral damage, minimal blood loss, a high rate of long-term survival, and consistent infarct volume commensurate with the human clinical population.

永久的な脳血管閉塞<em&gt;経由</em&gt;ダブルリガチャーと離断

Stroke is a leading cause of death, disability, and socioeconomic loss worldwide. The majority of all strokes result from an interruption in blood flow ...

Drug Repurposing Hypothesis Generation Using the "RE:fine Drugs" System

The promise of drug repurposing is that existing drugs may be used for new disease indications in order to curb the high costs and time for approval. The goal of computational methods for drug repurposing is to enable solutions for safer, cheaper and faster drug discovery. Towards this end, we developed a novel method that integrates genetic and clinical phenotype data from large-scale GWAS and PheWAS studies with detailed drug information on the concept of transitive Drug-Gene-Disease triads. We created "RE:fine Drugs," a freely available, interactive dashboard that automates gene, disease and drug-based searches to identify drug repurposing candidates. This web-based tool supports a user-friendly interface that includes an array of advanced search and export options. Results can be prioritized in a variety of ways, including but not limited to, biomedical literature support, strength and statistical significance of GWAS and/or PheWAS associations, disease indications and molecular drug targets. Here we provide a protocol that illustrates the functionalities available in the "RE:fine Drugs" system and explores the different advanced options through a case study.

Drug Repurposing Hypothesis Generation Using the &quot;RE:fine Drugs&quot; System

Here we describe a protocol using the web-based drug repurposing hypothesis generation tool: "RE:fine Drugs." This protocol can be modified to a user's preferences at the level of the query type (gene, drug or disease) and/or the range of available advanced options.

薬物転用仮説生成の使用」RE：罰金薬「システム

The promise of drug repurposing is that existing drugs may be used for new disease indications in order to curb the high costs and time for approval. The ...

Turbidimetry on Human Washed Platelets: The Effect of the Pannexin1-inhibitor Brilliant Blue FCF on Collagen-induced Aggregation

Turbidimetry is a laboratory technique that is applied to measure the aggregation of platelets suspended in either plasma (platelet-rich plasma, PRP) or in buffer (washed platelets), by the use of one or a combination of agonists. The use of washed platelets separated from their plasma environment and in the absence of anticoagulants allows for studying intrinsic platelet properties. Among the large panel of agonists, arachidonic acid (AA), adenosine di-phosphate (ADP), thrombin and collagen are the most frequently used. The aggregation response is quantified by measuring the relative optical density (OD) over time of platelet suspension under continuous stirring. Platelets in homogeneous suspension limit the passage of light after the addition of an agonist, platelet shape change occurs producing a small transitory increase in OD. Following this initial activation step, platelet clots form gradually, allowing the passage of light through the suspension as a result of decreased OD. The aggregation process is ultimately expressed as a percentage, compared to the OD of platelet-poor plasma or buffer. Rigorous calibration is thus essential at the beginning of each experiment. As a general rule: calibration to 0% is set by measuring the OD of a non-stimulated platelet suspension while measuring the OD of the suspension medium containing no platelets represents a value of 100%. Platelet aggregation is generally visualized as a real-time aggregation curve. Turbidimetry is one of the most commonly used laboratory techniques for the investigation of platelet function and is considered as the historical gold standard and used for the development of new pharmaceutical agents aimed at inhibiting platelet aggregation. Here, we describe detailed protocols for 1) preparation of human washed platelets and 2) turbidimetric analysis of collagen-induced aggregation of human washed platelets pretreated with the food dye Brilliant Blue FCF that was recently identified as an inhibitor of Pannexin1 (Panx1) channels.

We describe a straightforward method for the isolation of washed platelets from human blood followed by agonist-induced platelet aggregation measurements by turbidimetry. As an example we apply this method for studying the aggregation response of human platelets to collagen after a pre-incubation with the Pannexin1 channel inhibitor Brilliant Blue FCF.

コラーゲン誘発凝集に対するPannexin1阻害剤の効果ブリリアントブルーFCF：比濁法は、人間に洗浄血小板を

Turbidimetry is a laboratory technique that is applied to measure the aggregation of platelets suspended in either plasma (platelet-rich plasma, PRP) or ...

Routine Screening Method for Microparticles in Platelet Transfusions

Platelet inventory management based on screening microparticle content in platelet concentrates is a new quality improvement initiative for hospital blood banks. Cells fragment off microparticles (MP) when they are stressed. Blood and blood components may contain cellular fragments from a variety of cells, most notably from activated platelets. When performing their roles as innate immune cells and major players in coagulation and hemostasis, platelets change shape and generate microparticles. With dynamic light scattering (DLS)-based microparticle detection, it is possible to differentiate activated (high microparticle) from non-activated (low microparticle) platelets in transfusions, and optimize the use of this scarce blood product. Previous research suggests that providing non-activated platelets for prophylactic use in hematology-oncology patients could reduce their risk of becoming refractory and improve patient care. The goal of this screening method is to routinely differentiate activated from non-activated platelets. The method described here outlines the steps to be performed for routine platelet inventory management in a hospital blood bank: obtaining a sample from a platelet transfusion, loading the sample into the capillary for DLS measurement, performing the DLS test to identify microparticles, and using the reported microparticle content to identify activated platelets.

Platelet inventory management based on screening microparticle content in platelet concentrates is a new quality improvement initiative in hospital blood banks. The goal is to differentiate activated from non-activated platelets to optimize the use of platelets. Providing non-activated platelets to hematology-oncology patients might reduce their high risk to become refractory.

血小板輸血で微粒子のスクリーニング法のルーチン

Platelet inventory management based on screening microparticle content in platelet concentrates is a new quality improvement initiative for hospital blood ...

Preparation, Procedures and Evaluation of Platelet-Rich Plasma Injection in the Treatment of Knee Osteoarthritis

Knee osteoarthritis (KOA) is one of the most frequently encountered diseases in the orthopedic department. Existing non-surgical treatments have a limited effect on the repair of cartilage and on bone regeneration. Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) is an autologous bioactive substance that can repair cartilage injury and accelerate bone regeneration effectively. However, reporting of PRP preparation protocols in clinical studies is highly inconsistent, with the majority of studies providing insufficient information to allow the protocol to be reproduced. We describe a repeatable method of preparing PRP visually, the treatment of KOA using PRP intra-articular injection, and methods of evaluating the outcome. PRP was prepared using manual double centrifugation. The PRP layer was extracted from peripheral blood and used for knee joint cavity injection. Evaluations included assessments of blood platelet concentrations and clinical outcomes. Preparation of PRP by manual centrifugation requires less apparatus and is less costly than plasma filtration or centrifugation using equipment. The centrifugation time of our double centrifugation method was 6 and 5 minutes for the respective centrifugations at forces of 800 and 1400 x g, respectively, to allow for the consistent preparation of standardized PRP. However, a manual method is susceptible to operator error, and PRP batch preparation is not available. Intra-articular injection of PRP proved to be an effective treatment for knee osteoarthritis. The entire treatment procedure took less than 30 minutes, the blood platelet concentration of PRP could be standardized, and treatment was proven to be effective when evaluated by follow-up.

Knee osteoarthritis is frequently seen in the orthopedic department. We introduce in detail the entire knee osteoarthritis treatment process with platelet-rich plasma injection, including preparation, procedures, and evaluation.

準備・手順・膝変形性関節症の治療における多血小板血漿注入の評価

Knee osteoarthritis (KOA) is one of the most frequently encountered diseases in the orthopedic department. Existing non-surgical treatments have a limited ...

An In Vivo Method for Evaluating the Gut-Blood Barrier and Liver Metabolism of Microbiota Products

The gut-blood barrier (GBB) controls the passage of nutrients, bacterial metabolites and drugs from intestinal lumen to the bloodstream. The GBB integrity is disturbed in gastrointestinal, cardiovascular and metabolic diseases, which may result in easier access of biologically active compounds, such as gut bacterial metabolites, to the bloodstream. Thus, the permeability of the GBB may be a marker of both intestinal and extraintestinal diseases. Furthermore, the increased penetration of bacterial metabolites may affect the functioning of the entire organism.
Commonly used methods for studying the GBB permeability are performed ex vivo. The accuracy of those methods is limited, because the functioning of the GBB depends on intestinal blood flow. On the other hand, commonly used in vivo methods may be biased by liver and kidney performance, as those methods are based on evaluation of urine or/and peripheral blood concentrations of exogenous markers. Here, we present a direct measurement of GBB permeability in rats using an in vivo method based on portal blood sampling, which preserves intestinal blood flow and is virtually not affected by the liver and kidney function. 
Polyurethane catheters are inserted into the portal vein and inferior vena cava just above the hepatic veins confluence. Blood is sampled at baseline and after administration of a selected marker into a desired part of the gastrointestinal tract. Here, we present several applications of the method including (1) evaluation of the colon permeability to TMA, a gut bacterial metabolite, (2) evaluation of liver clearance of TMA, and (3) evaluation of a gut-portal blood-liver-peripheral blood pathway of gut bacteria-derived short-chain fatty acids. Furthermore, the protocol may also be used for tracking intestinal absorption and liver metabolism of drugs or for measurements of portal blood pressure.

An In Vivo Method for Evaluating the Gut-Blood Barrier and Liver Metabolism of Microbiota Products

The access of nutrients, microbiota metabolites and medicines to the circulation is controlled by the gut-blood barrier (GBB). We describe a direct method for measuring the GBB permeability in vivo, which, in contrast to commonly used indirect methods, is virtually not affected by liver and kidney functions.

腸血液関門と微生物叢製品の肝代謝を評価するためのIn Vivo法

The gut-blood barrier (GBB) controls the passage of nutrients, bacterial metabolites and drugs from intestinal lumen to the bloodstream. The GBB integrity ...

Platelet-based Detection of Nitric Oxide in Blood by Measuring VASP Phosphorylation

Platelets are the blood components responsible for proper blood clotting. Their function is highly regulated by various pathways. One of the most potent vasoactive agents, nitric oxide (NO), can also act as a powerful inhibitor of platelet aggregation. Direct NO detection in blood is very challenging due to its high reactivity with cell-free hemoglobin that limits NO half-life to the millisecond range. Currently, NO changes after interventions are only estimated based on measured changes of nitrite and nitrate (members of the nitrate-nitrite-NO metabolic pathway). However precise, these measurements are rather difficult to interpret vis a vis actual NO changes, due to the naturally high baseline nitrite and nitrate levels that are several orders of magnitude higher than expected changes of NO itself. Therefore, the development of direct and simple methods that would allow one to detect NO directly is long overdue. This protocol addresses a potential use of platelets as a highly sensitive NO sensor in blood. It describes initial platelet rich plasma (PRP) and washed platelet preparations and the use of nitrite and deoxygenated red blood cells as NO generators. Phosphorylation of VASP at serine 239 (P-VASPSer239) is used to detect the presence of NO. The fact that VASP protein is highly expressed in platelets and that it is rapidly phosphorylated when NO is present leads to a unique opportunity to use this pathway to directly detect NO presence in blood.

Here, we present a protocol to address the potential use of platelets as a highly sensitive nitric oxide sensor in blood. It describes initial platelet preparation and the use of nitrite and deoxygenated red blood cells as nitric oxide generators.

VASP のリン酸化を測定することによって血液中の一酸化窒素の血小板ベースの検出

Platelets are the blood components responsible for proper blood clotting. Their function is highly regulated by various pathways. One of the most potent ...

Measuring the Effects of Bacteria and Chemicals on the Intestinal Permeability of Caenorhabditis elegans

In living organisms, intestinal hyperpermeability is a serious symptom that leads to many inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs). Caenorhabditis elegans is a nonmammalian animal model that is widely used as an assay system due to its short lifespan, transparency, cost-effectiveness, and lack of animal ethics issues. In this study, a method was developed to investigate the effects of different bacteria and 3,3'-diindolylmethane (DIM) on the intestinal permeability of C. elegans with a high-throughput image analysis system. The worms were infected with different gut bacteria or cotreated with DIM for 48 h and fed with fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-dextran overnight. Then, the intestinal permeability was examined by comparing the fluorescence images and the fluorescence intensity inside the worm bodies. This method may also have the potential to identify probiotic and pathogenic intestinal bacteria that affect intestinal permeability in the animal model and is effective for examining the effects of harmful or health-promoting chemicals on intestinal permeability and intestinal health. However, this protocol also has some considerable limitations at the genetic level, especially for determining which genes are altered to control illness, because this method is mostly used for phenotypic determination. In addition, this method is limited to determining exactly which pathogenic substrates cause inflammation or increase the permeability of the worms' intestines during infection. Therefore, further in-depth studies, including investigation of the molecular genetic mechanism using mutant bacteria and nematodes as well as chemical component analysis of bacteria, are required to fully evaluate the function of bacteria and chemicals in determining intestinal permeability.

Measuring the Effects of Bacteria and Chemicals on the Intestinal Permeability of Caenorhabditis elegans

This protocol describes how to measure intestinal permeability of Caenorhabditis elegans. This method is helpful for basic biological research on intestinal health related to the interaction between intestinal bacteria and their host and for screening to identify probiotic and chemical agents to cure leaky gut syndrome and inflammatory bowel diseases.

ケネラブディティス・エレガンスの腸透過性に及ぼす細菌および化学物質の影響の測定

In living organisms, intestinal hyperpermeability is a serious symptom that leads to many inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs). Caenorhabditis elegans is a ...

Laminectomy for the Removal of Thoracic Ossification of the Ligamentum Flavum (TOLF) Using Ultrasonic and Conventional Osteotomes

Thoracic ossification of the ligamentum flavum (TOLF) is a common cause of progressive thoracic myelopathy. TOLF is typically treated with surgical decompression. A variety of surgical techniques, including laminoplasty, laminectomy, and lamina fenestration, are used for the effective treatment of TOLF. However, traditional methods are associated with a substantial risk of perioperative complications, including dural laceration and/or iatrogenic spinal cord injury. Therefore, it is important to develop an efficient and secure surgical technique for TOLF. Herein, we describe a method for laminectomyperformed at the thoracic spine using an ultrasonic osteotome combined with a conventional osteotome. This technique can reduce intraoperative complications. This is a relatively safe and easy-to-learn method that should be recommended for the treatment of TOLF.

Laminectomy for the Removal of Thoracic Ossification of the Ligamentum Flavum TOLF Using Ultrasonic and Conventional Osteotomes

We present a methodology for using an ultrasonic osteotome combined with a conventional osteotome for laminectomy in thoracic ossification of the ligamentum flavum. This is a relatively safe and easy-to-learn method that avoids the perioperative complications associated with the conventional method.

超音波および従来の骨切り術を使用した靭帯フラバム(TOLF)の胸部骨化の除去のための椎弓切除術

Thoracic ossification of the ligamentum flavum (TOLF) is a common cause of progressive thoracic myelopathy. TOLF is typically treated with surgical ...